1
|
Khaledian B, Thibes L, Shimono Y. Adipocyte regulation of cancer stem cells. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4134-4144. [PMID: 37622414 PMCID: PMC10637066 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of the cancer cells within a tumor that drive tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. In general, stem cell niche provides a specific microenvironment in which stem cells are present in an undifferentiated and self-renewable state. CSC niche is a specialized tumor microenvironment for CSCs which provides cues for their maintenance and propagation. However, molecular mechanisms for the CSC-niche interaction remain to be elucidated. We have revealed that adipsin (complement factor D) and its downstream effector hepatocyte growth factor are secreted from adipocytes and enhance the CSC properties in breast cancers in which tumor initiation and progression are constantly associated with the surrounding adipose tissue. Considering that obesity, characterized by excess adipose tissue, is associated with an increased risk of multiple cancers, it is reasonably speculated that adipocyte-CSC interaction is similarly involved in many types of cancers, such as pancreas, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. In this review, various molecular mechanisms by which adipocytes regulate CSCs, including secretion of adipokines, extracellular matrix production, biosynthesis of estrogen, metabolism, and exosome, are discussed. Uncovering the roles of adipocytes in the CSC niche will propose novel strategies to treat cancers, especially those whose progression is linked to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Khaledian
- Department of BiochemistryFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Lisa Thibes
- Department of BiochemistryFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of BiochemistryFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Yang H, Zhang L, Zhang S, Dai Y. Metabolic reprogramming and interventions in endometrial carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114526. [PMID: 36933381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are usually featured by metabolic adaptations that facilitate their growth, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, reprogramming of intracellular energy metabolism is currently one of the hotspots in the field of cancer research. Whereas aerobic glycolysis (known as the Warburg effect) has long been considered a dominant form of energy metabolism in cancer cells, emerging evidence indicates that other metabolic forms, especially oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), may play a critical role at least in some types of cancer. Of note, women with metabolic syndromes (MetS), including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, have an increased risk of developing endometrial carcinoma (EC), suggesting a close link between metabolism and EC. Interestingly, the metabolic preferences vary among EC cell types, particularly cancer stem cells and chemotherapy-resistant cells. Currently, it is commonly accepted that glycolysis is the main energy provider in EC cells, while OXPHOS is reduced or impaired. Moreover, agents specifically targeting the glycolysis and/or OXPHOS pathways can inhibit tumor cell growth and promote chemosensitization. For example, metformin and weight control not only reduce the incidence of EC but also improve the prognosis of EC patients. In this review, we comprehensively overview the current in-depth understanding of the relationship between metabolism and EC and provide up-to-date insights into the development of novel therapies targeting energy metabolism for auxiliary treatment in combination with chemotherapy for EC, especially those resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- The Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- The Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tewari S, Vargas R, Reizes O. The impact of obesity and adipokines on breast and gynecologic malignancies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:131-150. [PMID: 36302117 PMCID: PMC10092047 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The link between obesity and multiple disease comorbidities is well established. In 2003, Calle and colleagues presented the relationship between obesity and several cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial malignancies. Nearly, 20% of cancer-related deaths in females can be accounted for by obesity. Identifying obesity as a risk factor for cancer led to a focus on the role of fat-secreted cytokines, known as adipokines, on carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Early studies indicated that the adipokine leptin increases cell proliferation, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. As a greater appreciation of the obesity-cancer link has amassed, we now know that additional adipokines can impact tumorigenesis. A deeper understanding of the adipokine-activated signaling in cancer may identify new treatment strategies irrespective of obesity. Moreover, adipokines may serve as disease biomarkers, harnessing the potential of obesity-associated factors to serve as indicators of treatment response and disease prognosis. As studies investigating obesity and women's cancers continue to expand, it has become evident that breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers are distinctly impacted by adipokines. While complex, these distinct interactions may provide insight into cancer progression in these organs and new opportunities for targeted therapies. This review aims to organize and present the literature from the last 5 years investigating the mechanisms and implications of adipokine signaling in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers with a special focus on leptin and adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Tewari
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Health Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Health Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Therachiyil L, Hussein OJ, Uddin S, Korashy HM. Regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cancer and cancer stem cells of gynecological malignancies: An update on signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1186-1202. [PMID: 36252938 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies are a female type of cancers that affects the reproductive system. Cancer metastasis or recurrence mediated by cellular invasiveness occurs at advanced stages of cancer progression. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) enrichment in tumors leads to chemoresistance, which results in cancer mortality. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with an increased the risk of CSC enrichment in gynecological cancers. One of the important pathways that mediates the metabolism and bioactivation of these environmental chemicals is the transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The present review explores the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk and interaction of the AhR with cancer-related signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune checkpoints, and G-protein-coupled receptors in several gynecological malignancies such as ovarian, uterine, endometrial, and cervical cancers. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the AhR pathway as a novel chemotherapy for gynecological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ola J Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Identification of the shared gene signatures and pathways between polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer: An omics data based combined approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271380. [PMID: 35830453 PMCID: PMC9278750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with high incidence. Recently it has been implicated as a significant risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC). Our study aims to detect shared gene signatures and biological mechanism between PCOS and EC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods Bioinformatics analysis based on GEO database consisted of data integration, network construction and functional enrichment analysis was applied. In addition, the pharmacological methodology and molecular docking was also performed. Results Totally 10 hub common genes, MRPL16, MRPL22, MRPS11, RPL26L1, ESR1, JUN, UBE2I, MRPL17, RPL37A, GTF2H3, were considered as shared gene signatures for EC and PCOS. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis of these hub genes showed that “mitochondrial translational elongation”, “ribosomal subunit”, “structural constituent of ribosome” and “ribosome” were highly correlated. Besides, associated transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs network were constructed. We identified candidate drug molecules including fenofibrate, cinnarizine, propanil, fenthion, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, demeclocycline, hydrochloride, azacitidine, chrysene and artenimol according to these hub genes. Molecular docking analysis verified a good binding interaction of fenofibrate against available targets (JUN, ESR1, UBE2I). Conclusion Gene signatures and regulatory biological pathways were identified through bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of these signatures were explored and potential drug molecules associated with PCOS and EC were screened out.
Collapse
|
6
|
Banz-Jansen C, Helweg LP, Kaltschmidt B. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063412. [PMID: 35328833 PMCID: PMC8955970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women worldwide, with an incidence of 5.9%. Thus, it is the most frequent cancer of the female genital tract, with more than 34,000 women dying, in Europe and North America alone. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) might be drivers of carcinogenesis as well as metastatic and recurrent disease. Therefore, targeting CSCs is of high interest to improve prognosis of patients suffering of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. This review describes the current evidence of molecular mechanisms in endometrial CSCs with special emphasis on MYC and NF-κB signaling as well as mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, the current status of immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in endometrial cancer cells and CSCs is elucidated. The outlined findings encourage novel therapies that target signaling pathways in endometrial CSCs as well as immunotherapy as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of endometrial cancer to impede cancer progression and prevent recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Banz-Jansen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Helweg LP, Windmöller BA, Burghardt L, Storm J, Förster C, Wethkamp N, Wilkens L, Kaltschmidt B, Banz-Jansen C, Kaltschmidt C. The Diminishment of Novel Endometrial Carcinoma-Derived Stem-like Cells by Targeting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and MYC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052426. [PMID: 35269569 PMCID: PMC8910063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells harboring properties that include self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, tumor reconstitution, drug resistance and invasiveness, making them key players in tumor relapse. In the present paper, we develop new CSC models and analyze the molecular pathways involved in survival to identify targets for the establishment of novel therapies. Endometrial carcinoma-derived stem-like cells (ECSCs) were isolated from carcinogenic gynecological tissue and analyzed regarding their expression of prominent CSC markers. Further, they were treated with the MYC-signaling inhibitor KJ-Pyr-9, chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin and type II diabetes medication metformin. ECSC populations express common CSC markers, such as Prominin-1 and CD44 antigen as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, Twist, Snail and Slug, and exhibit the ability to form free-floating spheres. The inhibition of MYC signaling and treatment with carboplatin as well as metformin significantly reduced the cell survival of ECSC-like cells. Further, treatment with metformin significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of ECSC-like cells, while the extracellular lactate concentration was increased. The established ECSC-like populations represent promising in vitro models to further study the contribution of ECSCs to endometrial carcinogenesis. Targeting MYC signaling as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics has shown promising results in the diminishment of ECSCs, although molecular signaling pathways need further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laureen P. Helweg
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-5619
| | - Beatrice A. Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
| | - Leonie Burghardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
| | - Christine Förster
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Nils Wethkamp
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Constanze Banz-Jansen
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.F.); (L.W.); (C.B.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferrer AI, Einstein E, Morelli SS. Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Endometrial Cancer Pathogenesis: Insights from Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040714. [PMID: 35203363 PMCID: PMC8869947 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, representing 3.5% of all new cancer cases in the United States. Abnormal stem cell-like cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), reside in the endometrium and possess the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into cancer progenitors, leading to tumor progression. Herein we review the role of the endometrial microenvironment and sex hormone signaling in sustaining EC progenitors and potentially promoting dormancy, a cellular state characterized by cell cycle quiescence and resistance to conventional treatments. We offer perspective on mechanisms by which bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) within the endometrial microenvironment could promote endometrial CSC (eCSC) survival and/or dormancy. Our perspective relies on the well-established example of another sex hormone-driven cancer, breast cancer, in which the BM microenvironment plays a crucial role in acquisition of CSC phenotype and dormancy. Our previous studies demonstrate that BMDCs migrate to the endometrium and express sex hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors. Whether the BM is a source of eCSCs is unknown; alternatively, crosstalk between BMDCs and CSCs within the endometrial microenvironment could be an additional mechanism supporting eCSCs and tumorigenesis. Elucidating these mechanisms will provide avenues to develop novel therapeutic interventions for EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I. Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.I.F.); (E.E.)
- School of Graduate Studies Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ella Einstein
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.I.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Sara S. Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shokouhifar A, Firouzi J, Nouri M, Sarab GA, Ebrahimi M. NK cell upraise in the dark world of cancer stem cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:682. [PMID: 34923966 PMCID: PMC8684645 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the obstacles in treating different cancers, especially solid tumors, is cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their ability in resistance to chemo/radio therapy. The efforts for finding advanced treatments to overcome these cells have led to the emergence of advanced immune cell-based therapy (AICBT). Today, NK cells have become the center of attention since they have been proved to show an appropriate cytotoxicity against different cancer types as well as the capability of detecting and killing CSCs. Attempts for reaching an off-the-shelf source of NK cells have been made and resulted in the emergence of chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells (CAR-NK cells). The CAR technology has then been used for generating more cytotoxic and efficient NK cells, which has increased the hope for cancer treatment. Since utilizing this advanced technology to target CSCs have been published in few studies, the present study has focused on discussing the characteristics of CSCs, which are detected and targeted by NK cells, the advantages and restrictions of using CAR-NK cells in CSCs treatment and the probable challenges in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shokouhifar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Genomic Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nouri
- R&D Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Anani Sarab
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 14155-4364, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miao C, Fang X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Guo Q. Identification of an eight-m6A RNA methylation regulator prognostic signature of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27689. [PMID: 34889221 PMCID: PMC8663882 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is proved to play a significant role in human cancers. This study aimed to explore the association between m6A ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation regulators and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), and build a prognostic signature of m6A regulators for UCEC.RNA-seq transcriptome data and clinicopathological data of UCEC were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. We compared the expression of 23 m6A-regulators in tumor tissues and nontumor tissues. Then we classified the data into 3 clusters by consensus clustering analysis. Several regulators were picked out as the prognostic signature of patients with UCEC based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis. Additionally, we established a predictive nomogram to calculate survival times. Finally, we used receiver operating characteristic curve, univariate Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis to further verify the prognostic value of the risk signature consisting of m6A regulators.The expression of 18/23 m6A regulators was significantly different in UCEC compared with normal samples. Gene ontology functional analysis of these regulators revealed that they were mainly participated in RNA splicing, stabilization, modification, and degradation. LRPPRC, IGFBP2, KIAA1429, IGFBP3, FMR1, YTHDF1, METTL14, and YTHDF2 were selected to construct the risk signature and predictive nomogram. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve, univariate Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis for the risk signature showed a good predictive performance for UCEC.The risk signature of 8-m6A regulators has potential prognostic value for patients with UCEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Miao
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Fang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Department of TCM, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barczyński B, Frąszczak K, Kotarski J. Perspectives of metformin use in endometrial cancer and other gynaecological malignancies. J Drug Target 2021; 30:359-367. [PMID: 34753372 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a key role in type 1 endometrial cancer pathogenesis. Most of these cancers develop on a background of overweight or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the medications widely used in the treatment of T2DM is biguanide derivative, metformin, which exerts promising anticancer properties principally through activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Many epidemiological studies on diabetic patients show potential preventative role of metformin in endometrial cancer patients, but data regarding its therapeutic role is still limited. So far, most of attention has been paid to the concept of metformin use in fertility sparing treatment of early-stage cancer. Another investigated alternative is its application in patients with primary advanced or recurrent disease. In this review we present the latest data on clinical use of metformin in endometrial cancer patients and potential underlying mechanisms of its activity. Finally, we present some most important clinical information regarding metformin efficacy in other gynaecological malignancies, mainly breast and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Barczyński
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Frąszczak
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu J, Zhang L, Chen W, Shen L, Jiang J, Sun S, Chen Z. Role of Intra- and Extracellular Lipid Signals in Cancer Stemness and Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730751. [PMID: 34603046 PMCID: PMC8479196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence showed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play significant roles in cancer initiation, resistance to therapy, recurrence and metastasis. Cancer stem cells possess the ability of self-renewal and can initiate tumor growth and avoid lethal factors through flexible metabolic reprogramming. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been reported to be involved in the cancer stemness and promote the development of cancer. Lipid metabolism includes lipid uptake, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, and lipid desaturation. Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to ferroptosis of CSCs. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the role of intra- and extracellular lipid signals in cancer stemness, and explored the feasibility of using lipid metabolism-related treatment strategies for future cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang W, Ramasamy K, Pillai SMA, Santhamma B, Konda S, Pitta Venkata P, Blankenship L, Liu J, Liu Z, Altwegg KA, Ebrahimi B, Pratap UP, Li X, Valente PT, Kost E, Sareddy GR, Vadlamudi RK, Nair HB, Tekmal RR, Viswanadhapalli S. LIF/LIFR oncogenic signaling is a novel therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:216. [PMID: 34400617 PMCID: PMC8367961 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common cancer in women. Advanced-stage EC has limited treatment options with a poor prognosis. There is an unmet need for the identification of actionable drivers for the development of targeted therapies in EC. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) and its ligand LIF play a major role in cancer progression, metastasis, stemness, and therapy resistance. However, little is known about the functional significance of the LIF/LIFR axis in EC progression. In this study using endometrial tumor tissue arrays, we identified that expression of LIF, LIFR is upregulated in EC. Knockout of LIFR using CRISPR/Cas9 in two different EC cells resulted in a significant reduction of their cell viability and cell survival. In vivo studies demonstrated that LIFR-KO significantly reduced EC xenograft tumor growth. Treatment of established and primary patient-derived EC cells with a novel LIFR inhibitor, EC359 resulted in the reduction of cell viability with an IC50 in the range of 20-100 nM and induction of apoptosis. Further, treatment with EC359 reduced the spheroid formation of EC cancer stem cells and reduced the levels of cancer stem cell markers SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and Axin2. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EC359 treatment attenuated the activation of LIF-LIFR driven pathways, including STAT3 and AKT/mTOR signaling in EC cells. Importantly, EC359 treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the growth of EC patient-derived explants ex vivo, EC cell line-derived xenografts, and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our work revealed the oncogenic potential of the LIF/LIFR axis in EC and support the utility of LIFR inhibitor, EC359, as a novel targeted therapy for EC via the inhibition of LIF/LIFR oncogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210028, Nanjing, China
| | - Kumaraguruparan Ramasamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sureshkumar M A Pillai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Logan Blankenship
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Behnam Ebrahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Philip T Valente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Edward Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopes-Nunes J, Agonia AS, Rosado T, Gallardo E, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Fonseca-Moutinho J, Campello MPC, Paiva A, Paulo A, Vulgamott A, Ellignton AD, Oliveira PA, Cruz C. Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to Gynecological Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4038. [PMID: 34439193 PMCID: PMC8391588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and is one of the major cause of deaths in women, especially in underdeveloped countries. The patients are usually treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments can cause several side effects and may lead to infertility. Another concerning gynecologic cancer is endometrial cancer, in which a high number of patients present a poor prognosis with low survival rates. AS1411, a DNA aptamer, increases anticancer therapeutic selectivity, and through its conjugation with gold nanoparticles (AS1411-AuNPs) it is possible to improve the anticancer effects. Therefore, AS1411-AuNPs are potential drug carriers for selectively delivering therapeutic drugs to cervical cancer. In this work, we used AS1411-AuNPs as a carrier for an acridine orange derivative (C8) or Imiquimod (IQ). The AS1411 aptamer was covalently bound to AuNPs, and each drug was associated via supramolecular assembly. The final nanoparticles presented suitable properties for pharmaceutical applications, such as small size, negative charge, and favorable drug release properties. Cellular uptake was characterized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, and effects on cellular viability were determined by MTT assay. The nanoparticles were then incorporated into a gel formulation of polyethylene glycol, suitable for topical application in the female genital tract. This gel showed promising tissue retention properties in Franz cells studies in the porcine vaginal epithelia. These findings suggest that the tested nanoparticles are promising drug carriers for cervical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lopes-Nunes
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| | - Ana S. Agonia
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Tiago Rosado
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| | - José Fonseca-Moutinho
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- Quinta do Alvito, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (M.P.C.C.); (A.P.)
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIMAGO/iCBR/CIBB, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (M.P.C.C.); (A.P.)
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Alexa Vulgamott
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (A.V.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Andrew D. Ellignton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (A.V.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Huo J, He J, Ma X. LncRNA MONC suppresses the malignant phenotype of Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells and Endometrial Carcinoma Cells by regulating the MiR-636/GLCE axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:331. [PMID: 34193130 PMCID: PMC8243592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence shows that abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA is involved in the occurrence and development of various tumors. LncRNA MONC is abnormally expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and acute megakaryocytic leukemia, but the biological function and potential regulatory mechanism of MONC in endometrial cancer stem cells (ECSCs) and endometrial cancer cells (ECCs) have not been studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the tumor suppressive effect and mechanism of MONC in regulating ECSCs and ECCs. Methods We used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of MONC, miR-636 and GLCE in normal human endometrial tissues and endometrial carcinoma (EC) tissues. Luciferase assay was used to verify the binding sites between MONC and miR-636 and between miR-636 and GLCE. Double fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to locate MONC and miR-636 in cells. ECSCs were obtained by flow cytometry sorting assay. Sphere formation assay, CCK-8 assay, transwell invasion assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were used to detect the effects of MONC/miR-636/GLCE axis on the malignant biological behavior of ECSCs and ECCs. The effect of MONC on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was detected using western blot. Finally, we conducted in vivo verification through Tumor xenografts in BALB/C nude mice. Results In this study, we found MONC is low expression in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and patients in the MONC high-expression group had a better prognosis. MONC and miR-636 are relatively co-localized in the cytoplasm. MONC directly inhibits the malignant biological behavior of ECSCs and ECCs by directly inhibiting miR-636. Simultaneously, miR-636 may indirectly reduce the expression of MONC. Down-regulation of miR-636 may promote GLCE expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the downstream gene GLCE, thereby inhibiting the progression of ECSCs. MONC combined with miR-636 inhibited tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, we verified the tumor suppressive effect of MONC in nude mice, miR-636 can rescue the tumor suppressive effect of overexpressing MONC. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed that MONC inhibits the malignant phenotypes of ECSCs and ECCs by regulating the miR-636/GLCE axis. Thus the MONC/miR-636/GLCE axis may provide novel treatment avenues for human EC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01911-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Khorsandi K, Rasul A, Zaman MK. Current understanding of epigenetics mechanism as a novel target in reducing cancer stem cells resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:120. [PMID: 34051847 PMCID: PMC8164819 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, after extensive studies in the field of cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as a major factor in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. CSCs are a subpopulation of bulk tumors, with stem cell-like properties and tumorigenic capabilities, having the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, thereby being able to generate heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells and lead to resistance toward anti-tumor treatments. Highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy, CSCs have heterogeneity and can migrate to different organs and metastasize. Recent studies have demonstrated that the population of CSCs and the progression of cancer are increased by the deregulation of different epigenetic pathways having effects on gene expression patterns and key pathways connected with cell proliferation and survival. Further, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA methylations) have been revealed to be key drivers in the formation and maintenance of CSCs. Hence, identifying CSCs and targeting epigenetic pathways therein can offer new insights into the treatment of cancer. In the present review, recent studies are addressed in terms of the characteristics of CSCs, the resistance thereof, and the factors influencing the development thereof, with an emphasis on different types of epigenetic changes in genes and main signaling pathways involved therein. Finally, targeted therapy for CSCs by epigenetic drugs is referred to, which is a new approach in overcoming resistance and recurrence of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khatir Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Metabolic Classification and Intervention Opportunities for Tumor Energy Dysfunction. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050264. [PMID: 33922558 PMCID: PMC8146396 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive view of cell metabolism provides a new vision of cancer, conceptualized as tissue with cellular-altered metabolism and energetic dysfunction, which can shed light on pathophysiological mechanisms. Cancer is now considered a heterogeneous ecosystem, formed by tumor cells and the microenvironment, which is molecularly, phenotypically, and metabolically reprogrammable. A wealth of evidence confirms metabolic reprogramming activity as the minimum common denominator of cancer, grouping together a wide variety of aberrations that can affect any of the different metabolic pathways involved in cell physiology. This forms the basis for a new proposed classification of cancer according to the altered metabolic pathway(s) and degree of energy dysfunction. Enhanced understanding of the metabolic reprogramming pathways of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, hypoxia, and acidosis can bring about new therapeutic intervention possibilities from a metabolic perspective of cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang S, Lu Q. A new contribution for an old drug: Prospect of metformin in colorectal oncotherapy. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1608-1617. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1824_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
19
|
Saguyod SJU, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM, Velarde MC. Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform-B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose-dependent. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:249. [PMID: 32994812 PMCID: PMC7509689 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET) constitutes the first-line treatment against type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence linking insulin resistance and cancer risk has expanded the therapeutic potential of MET to several cancer types. However, the oncostatic mechanisms of MET are not well understood. MET has been shown to promote the expression of progesterone receptor (PGR) and other antitumor biomarkers in patients with non-diabetic endometrial cancer (EC) and in Ishikawa EC cells cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mM) media. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of MET on EC cells under conditions simulating diabetes. Ishikawa cells treated with 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) and/or 100 µM MET and exposed to normal and high (17.5 mM) concentrations of glucose were evaluated for proliferative and PGR expression status. Under normal glucose conditions, MET attenuated E2-induced cell proliferation and cyclin D1 gene expression, and increased total PGR and PGR-B transcript levels. MET inhibited Ishikawa cell spheroid formation only in the absence of E2 treatment. In E2-treated cells under high glucose conditions, MET showed no effects on cell proliferation and spheroid formation, and increased total PGR but not PGR-B transcript levels. Transfection with Krüppel-like factor 9 small interfering RNA increased PGR-A transcript levels, irrespective of glucose environment. Medroxyprogesterone acetate downregulated PGR-A expression more effectively with metformin under high compared with normal glucose conditions. To evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the targeting of PGR by MET, E2-treated cells were incubated with MET and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), under normal glucose conditions. Compound C abrogated the effects of MET on PGR-B while AICAR increased PGR-B transcript levels, albeit less effectively compared with MET. The present results demonstrate the glucose-dependent effects of MET on PGR-B isoform expression, which may inform the response to progestin therapy in diabetic women with EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Jade U Saguyod
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PH 1101, Philippines
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.,The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PH 1101, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Interplay of Tumor Stroma and Translational Factors in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082074. [PMID: 32726992 PMCID: PMC7463731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy which continues to have a poor prognosis in advanced stages due to current therapeutic limitations. A significant mechanism of chemoresistance in EC has been shown to also be the enhancement of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the subsequent obtainment of stem cell-like characteristics of EC. Current evidence on EMT in EC however fails to explain the relationship leading to an EMT signaling enhancement. Our review therefore focuses on understanding eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) as key regulators of the translational process in enhancing EMT and subsequently impacting higher chemoresistance of EC. We identified pathways connected to the development of a microenvironment for EMT, inducers of the process specifically related to estrogen receptors as well as their interplay with eIFs. In the future, investigation elucidating the translational biology of EC in EMT may therefore focus on the signaling between protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and eIF2alpha as well as eIF3B.
Collapse
|
21
|
Metformin: (future) best friend of the radiation oncologist? Radiother Oncol 2020; 151:95-105. [PMID: 32592892 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several molecules are being investigated for their ability to enhance the anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy. The widely prescribed antidiabetic drug metformin has been suggested to possess anti-cancer activity; data indicate that metformin could also enhance radiation sensitivity. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the specific effect of metformin in the field of RT, while also discussing the many unknowns that persist. Preclinical models point to multiple mechanisms involved in the radiosensitizing effects of metformin that are mainly linked to mitochondrial complex I inhibition and AMP-activated protein kinase. Transposition of results from bench to bedside will be discussed through the lens of the drug concentration, its potential limits in human settings, and possible alternatives. Clinical data suggest metformin improves progression-free and overall survival in patients for many different cancers treated with RT; nevertheless, the results are not always consistent. The main limitations of the reviewed literature are the retrospective nature of studies, and most of the time, a lack of information on MTF treatment duration and the administered dosages. Despite these limitations, the possible mechanisms of the role of metformin and its utility in enhancing radiotherapy treatments are analyzed. Ongoing clinical trials are also discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu Y, Gong L, Ye J. The Role of Aberrant Metabolism in Cancer: Insights Into the Interplay Between Cell Metabolic Reprogramming, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:942. [PMID: 32596159 PMCID: PMC7301691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Patients with MetS or other metabolic disorders are more susceptible to cancer development and recurrence and have a worse long-term prognosis. Moreover, the metabolic reprogramming observed in cancer cells has also been described as one of the new hallmarks of cancer. Thus, aberrant metabolism has been proposed as an important risk factor for cancer. Chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oncogenic signaling pathways are considered as main potential triggers. Considering the strong association between metabolism and cancer, metabolism-modulating drugs, including metformin and statins, as well as adopting a healthy lifestyle, have been extensively investigated as strategies to combat cancer. Furthermore, strategies that interfere with the metabolic rewiring of cells may also have potent anti-cancer effects. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge on the relationship between aberrant metabolism and cancer and discuss the potential use of metabolism-targeting strategy for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yina Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cixi People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu X, Wang Y, Zhong W, Cheng H, Tian Z. RNA Binding Protein RNPC1 Suppresses the Stemness of Human Endometrial Cancer Cells via Stabilizing MST1/2 mRNA. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921389. [PMID: 32088727 PMCID: PMC7055196 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA binding protein RNPC1 has a tumor-suppressive role in various tumors, nevertheless, the role of RNPC1 in human endometrial cancer (EC) are never been reported. Material/Methods Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and sphere forming analysis were performed to evaluate the stem-like traits of cells and RNPC1-induced effects on EC cell stemness. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was constructed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results The spheres formed by EC cells, named EC spheres, exhibited a remarkably higher stemness than the parental cells, which is characterized as the increase of sphere forming ability, ALDH1 activity, stemness marker expression and migration ability. Notably, RNPC1 expression was decreased in poorly differentiated EC cells than that in EC cells with moderately differentiated. Additionally, RNPC1 expression was significantly decreased in EC spheres and RNPC1 overexpression attenuated the stemness of EC spheres. Moreover, RNPC1 overexpression decreased the migration ability of EC spheres. Mechanistic studies showed that RNPC1 overexpression activated the Hippo pathway through directly binding to MST1/2. Inhibition of MST1/2 rescued RNPC1-mediated effects on EC sphere stemness. Conclusions Therefore, our results indicate a novel RNPC1/MST1/2 signaling responsible for EC cell stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XingMei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - YongHui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - WeiJuan Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - HuiFei Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - ZhiFeng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Giannone G, Attademo L, Scotto G, Genta S, Ghisoni E, Tuninetti V, Aglietta M, Pignata S, Valabrega G. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells: Role, Characterization and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1820. [PMID: 31752447 PMCID: PMC6896186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer. In patients with relapsed and advanced disease, prognosis is still dismal and development of resistance is common. In this context, endometrial Cancer Stem Cells (eCSC), stem-like cells capable to self-renewal and differentiation in mature cancer cells, represent a potential field of expansion for drug development. The aim of this review is to characterize the role of eCSC in EC, their features and how they could be targeted. CSC are involved in progression, invasiveness and metastasis (though epithelial to mesenchimal transition, EMT), as well as chemoresistance in EC. Nevertheless, isolation of eCSC is still controversial. Indeed, CD133, Aldheyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD117, CD55 and CD44 are enriched in CSCs but there is no universal marker nowadays. The most frequently activated pathways in eCSC are Wingless-INT (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch1, and Hedghog, with a high expression of self-renewal transcription factors like Octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT), B Lymphoma Mo-MLV Insertion Region 1 Homolog (BMI1), North American Network Operations Group Homebox protein (NANOG), and SRY-Box 2 (SOX2). These pathways have been targeted with selective drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, although preclinical results are encouraging, few clinical data are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Laura Attademo
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sofia Genta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jia L, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Xu X. Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation and protects against oxidative stress-induced damage in periodontal ligament stem cells via activation of the Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 386:111717. [PMID: 31715142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)-based tissue engineering is an important method for regenerating lost bone in periodontitis. Maintaining or enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, as well as enhancing the resistance of PDLSCs to oxidative stress, is necessary in this process. As a common hypoglycemic drug, metformin has been reported to have multiple effects on cell functions. This study found that low concentrations of metformin did not affect cell proliferation but did inhibit adipogenic differentiation and promote osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. This positive effect was associated with activation of Akt signaling by metformin. Moreover, applying metformin as either a pretreatment or co-treatment could reduce the amount of reactive oxygen species, enhance antioxidant capacity, and rescue the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation that were negatively affected by H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PDLSCs. In addition, metformin was found to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway in PDLSCs, and knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA impaired the protective effect of metformin. Taken together, these results indicate that metformin not only promotes osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, but also protects PDLSCs against oxidative stress-induced damage, suggesting that metformin could be potentially useful in promoting PDLSC-based bone regeneration in the treatment of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yixuan Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoni Ma
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The effect of several intertrial intervals on the 1 Hz interference effect. Can J Neurol Sci 1981; 12:cancers12040961. [PMID: 32295073 PMCID: PMC7225959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers cause over 600,000 deaths annually in women worldwide. The development of chemoresistance after initial rounds of chemotherapy contributes to tumor relapse and death due to gynecologic malignancies. In this regard, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of stem cells with the ability to undergo self-renewal and clonal evolution, play a key role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are a group of enzymes shown to be robust CSC markers in gynecologic and other malignancies. These enzymes also play functional roles in CSCs, including detoxification of aldehydes, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and retinoic acid (RA) signaling, making ALDH an attractive therapeutic target in various clinical scenarios. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of the ALDH in driving stemness in different gynecologic malignancies. We review inhibitors of ALDH, both general and isoform-specific, which have been used to target CSCs in gynecologic cancers. Many of these inhibitors have been shown to be effective in preclinical models of gynecologic malignancies, supporting further development in the clinic. Furthermore, ALDH inhibitors, including 673A and CM037, synergize with chemotherapy to reduce tumor growth. Thus, ALDH-targeted therapies hold promise for improving patient outcomes in gynecologic malignancies.
Collapse
|