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Zhan ZQ, Li JX, Chen YX, Fang JY. The effects of air and transportation noise pollution-related altered blood gene expression, DNA methylation, and protein abundance levels on gastrointestinal diseases risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175633. [PMID: 39163931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution and transportation noise pollution has been linked to gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, but their relationship remains unclear. METHODS We extracted the significantly modulated genes and CpG sites related to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and NOx) and transportation noise pollution (aircraft, railway, and traffic road noise) from previous published studies. Genome-wide methylation analysis and colocalization analysis with these CpG sites and GWAS data of GI diseases were performed to disentangle the relationship between pollution-related blood DNA methylation (DNAm) alterations and GI diseases risk. Summary-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis assessed the impact of pollution-related genes on GI diseases risk across methylation, gene expression, and protein levels. Enrichment analysis investigated the implicated biological pathways and immune cell types. RESULTS DNAm at cg00227781 [CD300A] (modulated by NOx exposure) and cg19215199 [ZMIZ1] (modulated by PM2.5 exposure) was significantly linked to increased noninfective enteritis and colitis risk, while cg08500171 [BAT2] (modulated by NOx exposure) is significantly associated with an increased gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) risk. Colocalization analysis provides strong evidence supporting a shared causal variant between these associations. Multi-omics levels SMR analysis revealed that pollution-modulated lower DNAm at 5 specific CpG sites were associated with increased expression of 4 genes (IL21R, EVPL, SYNGR1, and WDR46), subsequently increasing the risk of GERD, ulcerative colitis, and gastric ulcer. 7 circulating proteins coded by pollution-modulated genes were observed to be associated with 6 GI diseases risk. Enrichment analysis implicates immune and inflammatory responses, MAPK signaling, and telomere maintenance in these pollution-induced effects. CONCLUSION We identified potential links between air and transportation noise pollution-related gene methylation, expression, and protein abundance with GI diseases risk, possibly revealing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing Zhan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lim CH, Fang XQ, Kang H, Oh T, Lee S, Kim YS, Lim JH. ER Stress-Activated HSF1 Governs Cancer Cell Resistance to USP7 Inhibitor-Based Chemotherapy through the PERK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2768. [PMID: 38474017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 inhibitors (USP7i) are considered a novel class of anticancer drugs. Cancer cells occasionally become insensitive to anticancer drugs, known as chemoresistance, by acquiring multidrug resistance, resulting in poor clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. However, the chemoresistance of cancer cells to USP7i (P22077 and P5091) and mechanisms to overcome it have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we generated human cancer cells with acquired resistance to USP7i-induced cell death. Gene expression profiling showed that heat stress response (HSR)- and unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes were largely upregulated in USP7i-resistant cancer cells. Biochemical studies showed that USP7i induced the phosphorylation and activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling pathway. Inhibition of HSF1 and PERK significantly sensitized cancer cells to USP7i-induced cytotoxicity. Our study demonstrated that the ER stress-PERK axis is responsible for chemoresistance to USP7i, and inhibiting PERK is a potential strategy for improving the anticancer efficacy of USP7i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Lim
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Quan Fang
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Taerim Oh
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Majumder S, Chattopadhyay A, Wright JM, Guan P, Buja LM, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Pericentrin deficiency in smooth muscle cells augments atherosclerosis through HSF1-driven cholesterol biosynthesis and PERK activation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173247. [PMID: 37937642 PMCID: PMC10721278 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in pericentrin (PCNT), and premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complication of the syndrome. Histopathology of coronary arteries from patients with MOPDII who died of CAD in their 20s showed extensive atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemic mice with smooth muscle cell-specific (SMC-specific) Pcnt deficiency (PcntSMC-/-) exhibited significantly greater atherosclerotic plaque burden compared with similarly treated littermate controls despite similar serum lipid levels. Loss of PCNT in SMCs induced activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and consequently upregulated the expression and activity of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The increased cholesterol biosynthesis in PcntSMC-/- SMCs augmented PERK signaling and phenotypic modulation compared with control SMCs. Treatment with the HMGCR inhibitor, pravastatin, blocked the augmented SMC modulation and reduced plaque burden in hyperlipidemic PcntSMC-/- mice to that of control mice. These data support the notion that Pcnt deficiency activates cellular stress to increase SMC modulation and plaque burden, and targeting this pathway with statins in patients with MOPDII has the potential to reduce CAD in these individuals. The molecular mechanism uncovered further emphasizes SMC cytosolic stress and HSF1 activation as a pathway driving atherosclerotic plaque formation independently of cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Jamie M. Wright
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - L. Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
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Kaw K, Chattopadhyay A, Guan P, Chen J, Majumder S, Duan XY, Ma S, Zhang C, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Smooth muscle α-actin missense variant promotes atherosclerosis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol in smooth muscle cells. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2713-2726. [PMID: 37377039 PMCID: PMC10393072 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The variant p.Arg149Cys in ACTA2, which encodes smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific α-actin, predisposes to thoracic aortic disease and early onset coronary artery disease in individuals without cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated how this variant drives increased atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Apoe-/- mice with and without the variant were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque formation and single-cell transcriptomics analysis. SMCs explanted from Acta2R149C/+ and wildtype (WT) ascending aortas were used to investigate atherosclerosis-associated SMC phenotypic modulation. Hyperlipidemic Acta2R149C/+Apoe-/- mice have a 2.5-fold increase in atherosclerotic plaque burden compared to Apoe-/- mice with no differences in serum lipid levels. At the cellular level, misfolding of the R149C α-actin activates heat shock factor 1, which increases endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and intracellular cholesterol levels through increased HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR) expression and activity. The increased cellular cholesterol in Acta2R149C/+ SMCs induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates PERK-ATF4-KLF4 signaling to drive atherosclerosis-associated phenotypic modulation in the absence of exogenous cholesterol, while WT cells require higher levels of exogenous cholesterol to drive phenotypic modulation. Treatment with the HMG-CoAR inhibitor pravastatin successfully reverses the increased atherosclerotic plaque burden in Acta2R149C/+Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSION These data establish a novel mechanism by which a pathogenic missense variant in a smooth muscle-specific contractile protein predisposes to atherosclerosis in individuals without hypercholesterolemia or other risk factors. The results emphasize the role of increased intracellular cholesterol levels in driving SMC phenotypic modulation and atherosclerotic plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveeta Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xue-yan Duan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St, B226B Life Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Callie S Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chin Y, Gumilar KE, Li XG, Tjokroprawiro BA, Lu CH, Lu J, Zhou M, Sobol RW, Tan M. Targeting HSF1 for cancer treatment: mechanisms and inhibitor development. Theranostics 2023; 13:2281-2300. [PMID: 37153737 PMCID: PMC10157728 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) is a master regulator of heat shock responsive signaling. In addition to playing critical roles in cellular heat shock response, emerging evidence suggests that HSF1 also regulates a non-heat shock responsive transcriptional network to handle metabolic, chemical, and genetic stress. The function of HSF1 in cellular transformation and cancer development has been extensively studied in recent years. Due to important roles for HSF1 for coping with various stressful cellular states, research on HSF1 has been very active. New functions and molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have been continuously discovered, providing new targets for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this article, we review the essential roles and mechanisms of HSF1 action in cancer cells, focusing more on recently discovered functions and their underlying mechanisms to reflect the new advances in cancer biology. In addition, we emphasize new advances with regard to HSF1 inhibitors for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Chin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Khanisyah E Gumilar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Xing-Guo Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Brahmana A. Tjokroprawiro
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Ghai S, Young A, Su KH. Proteotoxic stress response in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Emerging role of heat shock factor 1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1155444. [PMID: 37077734 PMCID: PMC10106699 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1155444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hypercholesterolemia has been both clinically and experimentally linked to cardiovascular disease and is involved in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is involved in the control of atherosclerosis. HSF1 is a critical transcriptional factor of the proteotoxic stress response that regulates the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other important activities such as lipid metabolism. Recently, HSF1 is reported to directly interact with and inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to promote lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. This review highlights roles of HSF1 and HSPs in critical metabolic pathways of atherosclerosis, including lipogenesis and proteome homeostasis.
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Research progress on the role of cholesterol in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choo OS, Lee YY, Kim YS, Kim YJ, Lee DH, Kim H, Jang JH, Choung YH. Effect of statin on age-related hearing loss via drug repurposing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119331. [PMID: 35963547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss in the elderly cause communication difficulties, decreased quality of life, isolation, loneliness and frustration. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of drug repurposing candidates in aging mouse. The selected candidate drugs for age-related hearing loss (ARHL) included atorvastatin (AS) and sarpogrelate. Monotherapy or fixed dose combination (FDC) products were administered via oral gavage for 6 consecutive months. Auditory outcomes showed significant hearing preservation in AS-treated aging mice compared to aging control, especially in the early stages of ARHL in both 8 and 16 kHz frequencies. However, none of the FDC products were able to prevent ARHL regardless of AS involvement. In aging mice, damage and dysfunction of mitochondria was noted as well as reactive oxygen species overproduction leading to oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptosis. These processes of ARHL were significantly prevented with administration of AS. Normal structures of mitochondria were maintained, and antioxidant activity were proceeded by activation of HSF1/Sirt1 pathway. Our study suggests that AS is a promising drug repurposing candidate to delay the progression of ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Sung Choo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu 11749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Yeong Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hantai Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Watterson A, Arneaud SLB, Wajahat N, Wall JM, Tatge L, Beheshti ST, Mihelakis M, Cheatwood NY, McClendon J, Ghorashi A, Dehghan I, Corley CD, McDonald JG, Douglas PM. Loss of heat shock factor initiates intracellular lipid surveillance by actin destabilization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111493. [PMID: 36261024 PMCID: PMC9642076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense stress and initiate response pathways to maintain lipid and protein homeostasis. However, the interplay between these adaptive mechanisms is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate how imbalances in cytosolic protein homeostasis affect intracellular lipid surveillance. Independent of its ancient thermo-protective properties, the heat shock factor, HSF-1, modulates lipid metabolism and age regulation through the metazoan-specific nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-49. Reduced hsf-1 expression destabilizes the Caenorhabditis elegans enteric actin network, subsequently disrupting Rab GTPase-mediated trafficking and cell-surface residency of nutrient transporters. The ensuing malabsorption limits lipid availability, thereby activating the intracellular lipid surveillance response through vesicular release and nuclear translocation of NHR-49 to both increase nutrient absorption and restore lipid homeostasis. Overall, cooperation between these regulators of cytosolic protein homeostasis and lipid surveillance ensures metabolic health and age progression through actin integrity, endocytic recycling, and lipid sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Watterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sonja L B Arneaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naureen Wajahat
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jordan M Wall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lexus Tatge
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shaghayegh T Beheshti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Melina Mihelakis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas Y Cheatwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jacob McClendon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Atossa Ghorashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ishmael Dehghan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chase D Corley
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter M Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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10
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Bai Y, Chen D, Cheng C, Li Z, Chi H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tang S, Zhao Q, Ang B, Zhang Y. Immunosuppressive landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by single-cell sequencing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:950536. [PMID: 35967424 PMCID: PMC9365996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for 75-85% of primary liver cancer cases, is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The purpose of this research was to examine the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in HCC. Methods We investigated the HCC TIME by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk-tissue sequencing data to reveal the landscape of major immune cell types. Results Regulatory T(Treg) cells were found to be specifically distributed in the TIME of HCC. Several immune checkpoints, including TNFRSF4, TIGIT and CTLA4, were found to be uniquely overexpressed in Treg cells, and the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was enriched in Treg cells. We also discovered the presence of two NK-cell subsets with different cytotoxic capacities, one in an activated state with antitumor effects and another with an exhausted status. In addition, memory B cells in HCC were found to exist in a unique state, with high proliferation, low differentiation, and low activity, which was induced by overexpression of PRAP1 and activation of the MIF-CD74 axis. Conclusions We revealed the TIME landscape in HCC, highlighting the heterogeneity of major immune cell types and their potential mechanisms in the formation of an immunosuppressive environment. Hence, blocking the formation of the TIME could be a useful therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanliang Cheng
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohai Tang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Ang
- Oncology Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Li X, Yao Q, Liu C, Wang J, Zhang H, Li S, Cai P. Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What Should We Know? J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:379-387. [PMID: 35547829 PMCID: PMC9084381 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s364742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies globally. Recently, a newly identified histological subtype, designated as "macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma" (MTM-HCC), has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and has received extensive attention. MTM-HCC was a strong independent prognostic predictor of early and overall recurrence because it is closely related to tumor molecular subclass, gene mutation, carcinogenesis pathways, and immunohistochemical markers. In addition, preoperative imaging examination can potentially provide an essential clue for diagnosing MTM-HCC, intratumor necrosis or ischemia is an independent predictor for MTM-HCC on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI or CT. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of MTM-HCC could prove beneficial for preventing early recurrence and could improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiandong Yao
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiguang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital), Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Xu C, Zhuo Y, Liu Y, Chen H. Itraconazole Inhibits the Growth of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HMGCS1/ACSL4 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828983. [PMID: 35242038 PMCID: PMC8886144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cutaneous cancer with increasing incidence. Itraconazole has been identified as a potential anticancer drug candidate. However, the role of itraconazole in cSCC was still unclear. Our objective is exploring the therapeutic potential of itraconazole in cSCC and investigate its molecular mechanism. Methods: The anti-proliferation effect of itraconazole was tested with CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were detected using flow cytometry and TUNEL assay, respectively. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were used to explore the underlying anti-cancer mechanism. Luciferase reporter assay was used for promoter activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation were examined. The in vivo efficacy of itraconazole was assessed in a xenograft model. Results: Itraconazole inhibited the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle of cSCC cells. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were significantly upregulated in A431 cells treated with itraconazole. HMGCS1 silencing reversed the antiproliferative activity of itraconazole in A431 cells. Dual-luciferase assay showed that itraconazole could promote HMGCS1 transcription. HMGCS1 silencing abated the expression of ACSL4 in A431 cells. The level of ROS, lipid peroxidation, as well as iron accumulation were increased by itraconazole. Moreover, treatment with itraconazole impeded tumor growth in A431-bearing mice. Conclusion: We proved itraconazole inhibits the growth of cSCC by regulating HMGCS1/ACSL4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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13
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Yoo K, Yun HH, Jung SY, Lee JH. KRIBB11 Induces Apoptosis in A172 Glioblastoma Cells via MULE-Dependent Degradation of MCL-1. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144165. [PMID: 34299435 PMCID: PMC8305965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KRIBB11, an HSF1 inhibitor, was shown to sensitize various types of cancer cells to treatment with several anticancer drugs. However, the exclusive effects of KRIBB11 in preventing the growth of glioblastoma cells and the related mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Herein, we aimed to examine the potential of KRIBB11 as an anticancer agent for glioblastoma. Using MTT and colony formation assays and Western blotting for c-PARP, we demonstrated that KRIBB11 substantially inhibits the growth of A172 glioma cells by inducing apoptosis. At the molecular level, KRIBB11 decreased anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 levels, which was attributable to the increase in MULE ubiquitin ligase levels. However, the constitutive activity of HSF1 in A172 cells was not influenced by the exclusive treatment with KRIBB11. Additionally, based on cycloheximide chase assay, we found that KRIBB11 markedly retarded the degradation of MULE. In conclusion, stabilization of MULE upon KRIBB11 treatment is apparently an essential step for degradation of MCL-1 and the subsequent induction of apoptosis in A172 cells. Our results have expanded the knowledge on molecular pathways controlled by KRIBB11 and could be potentially effective for developing an inhibitory therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea; (K.Y.); (H.-H.Y.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea
| | - Hye-Hyeon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea; (K.Y.); (H.-H.Y.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea
| | - Soon-Young Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea; (K.Y.); (H.-H.Y.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea; (K.Y.); (H.-H.Y.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-7293
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14
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Márquez J, Matés JM. Tumor Metabolome: Therapeutic Opportunities Targeting Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020314. [PMID: 33467031 PMCID: PMC7830791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cancer metabolism is regaining center stage and becoming a hot topic in tumor biology and clinical research, after a period where such kind of experimental approaches were somehow forgotten or disregarded in favor of powerful functional genomic and proteomic studies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Márquez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.M.M.); Tel.: +34-95-213-2024 (J.M.); +34-95-213-3430 (J.M.M.)
| | - José M. Matés
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.M.M.); Tel.: +34-95-213-2024 (J.M.); +34-95-213-3430 (J.M.M.)
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15
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Wang W, Bai L, Li W, Cui J. The Lipid Metabolic Landscape of Cancers and New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605154. [PMID: 33364199 PMCID: PMC7753360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprograming, as a hallmark of malignancy, has received renewed interest in recent years in such areas as energy sources, cell membrane components, and signaling molecules involved in the rapid tumor growth and the adaptation to the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolism deregulation in cancer involves multiple aspects, including an increased lipid uptake, endogenous de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol accumulation, thereby promoting tumor growth and progression. Recent advances in the understanding of specific metabolic alterations in cancer reveal novel pathogenesis mechanisms and a growing number of drugs targeting lipid metabolism have been applied in anti-tumor therapy. Thus, this review discusses the lipid metabolic landscape of cancers and the interplay with oncogenic signaling, and summarizes potential therapeutic targets to improve the therapeutic efficiency in cancer patients, in order to provide more reference and thinking for the treatment of lipid metabolism of cancer patients.
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16
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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Benedetti R, Santarelli R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. STAT3 and mutp53 Engage a Positive Feedback Loop Involving HSP90 and the Mevalonate Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1102. [PMID: 32754441 PMCID: PMC7367154 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncosuppressor TP53 and oncogene STAT3 have been shown to engage an interplay in which they negatively influence each other. Conversely, mutant (mut) p53 may sustain STAT3 phosphorylation by displacing SH2 phosphatase while whether STAT3 could influence mutp53 has not been clarified yet. In this study we found that pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of STAT3 in both glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells, carrying mutp53 protein, reduced mutp53 expression level by down-regulating chaperone HSP90 as well as molecules belonging to the mevalonate pathway. On the other hand, HSP90 and the mevalonate pathway were involved in sustaining STAT3 phosphorylation mediated by mutp53. In conclusion, this study unveils for the first time that mutp53 can establish with STAT3, similarly to what observed with other oncogenic pathways, a criminal alliance with a crucial role in promoting cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Emerging roles of HSF1 in cancer: Cellular and molecular episodes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188390. [PMID: 32653364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) systematically guards proteome stability and proteostasis by regulating the expression of heat shock protein (HSP), thus rendering cancer cells addicted to HSF1. The non-canonical transcriptional programme driven by HSF1, which is distinct from the heat shock response (HSR), plays an indispensable role in the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer. Therefore, HSF1 is widely exploited as a potential therapeutic target in a broad spectrum of cancers. Various molecules and signals in the cell jointly regulate the activation and attenuation of HSF1. The high-level expression of HSF1 in tumours and its relationship with patient prognosis imply that HSF1 can be used as a biomarker for patient prognosis and a target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the newly identified mechanisms of HSF1 activation and regulation, the diverse functions of HSF1 in tumourigenesis, and the feasibility of using HSF1 as a prognostic marker. Disrupting cancer cell proteostasis by targeting HSF1 represents a novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.
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18
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Jiang J, Zheng Q, Zhu W, Chen X, Lu H, Chen D, Zhang H, Shao M, Zhou L, Zheng S. Alterations in glycolytic/cholesterogenic gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10300-10316. [PMID: 32479426 PMCID: PMC7346031 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium to assess the alterations in glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes in HCC and to determine their association with clinical features in HCC patients. Based on the gene expression profiles from these databases, we established four subtypes of HCC: cholesterogenic, glycolytic, mixed, and quiescent. The prognosis of the cholesterogenic subgroup was poorer than that of the glycolytic group. Tumors in the glycolytic group were more sensitive to chemotherapy. We also explored the relationships between these metabolic subtypes and previously established HCC subgroups. Glycolytic gene expression correlated strongly with poorer prognostic gene expression in the Hoshida classification of HCC. Whole-genome analyses indicated that aberrant amplification of TP53 and MYC in HCC were associated with abnormal anabolic cholesterol metabolism. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial pyruvate carriers 1 and 2 differed among the HCC metabolic subtypes. In a bioinformatics analysis we identified genomic characteristics of tumor metabolism that varied among different cancer types. These findings demonstrate that metabolic subtypes may be valuable prognostic indicators in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Deying Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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