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Rajeev A, Katukuri S, Devarashetty S, Dantala S, Billa AL. Expression of p120 - catenin in oral squamous cell carcinoma and apparently normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Exp Dent 2024; 16:e391-e398. [PMID: 38725816 PMCID: PMC11078506 DOI: 10.4317/jced.61057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An essential molecular occurrence in carcinogenesis that can lead to invasion and migration, predisposing cells to malignant transformation, involves alterations in cell adhesion molecules, such as p120 catenin. The destabilization of E-cadherin, caused by the loss or phosphorylation of p120 catenin (p120), regulates cadherin stability and turnover, impacting cell adhesiveness and migratory capacity. Consequently, p120 is associated with the invasiveness and progression of various human epithelial tumor types, including Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC). The present study aimed to assess and establish a correlation between the expression of p120 antibody in OSCC and Apparently Normal Mucosa Adjacent to OSCC (ANMAOSCC). Material and Methods The immunoexpression of p120 in 300 selected cases was categorized into two groups: OSCC (n = 150) and ANMAOSCC (n = 150). Two 4µm-thick tissue sections from the selected blocks were prepared. One section was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, while the other underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using anti-p120 catenin antibody (clone No. EP66; Catalog No. PR062; PathnSitu, Wayne, PA, USA). The analysis of p120 immunoexpression included parameters such as intensity, percentage, and the location of staining. Results In OSCC, over 80% of cases expressed p120, with only 16% exhibiting loss of expression. In ANMAOSCC, all cells maintained p120 expression. In OSCC, p120 was predominantly localized to the membrane and cytoplasm in 76%, while in ANMAOSCC, over 90% showed membrane localization. Regarding positivity, only 19% of OSCC cases reported positivity in >50% of cells, compared to 64.7% in ANMAOSCC. The extent of staining in ANMAOSCC was observed up to the granular layer (45%) and corneal layer (19%). Conclusions The atypical staining pattern of p120 may indicate a loss of adhesion and could serve as a marker for identifying the malignant potential of ANMAOSCC and the aggressiveness of OSCC. Key words:Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, P120 Catenin, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Gene Expression Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rajeev
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saikumar Katukuri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shravya Devarashetty
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Satyanarayana Dantala
- Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Aishwarya-Lakshmi Billa
- Senior Resident, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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2
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Beunk L, Wen N, van Helvert S, Bekker B, Ran L, Kang R, Paulat T, Syga S, Deutsch A, Friedl P, Wolf K. Cell jamming in a collagen-based interface assay is tuned by collagen density and proteolysis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260207. [PMID: 37987169 PMCID: PMC10753497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion into heterogenous interstitial tissues consisting of network-, channel- or rift-like architectures involves both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated tissue remodeling and cell shape adaptation to tissue geometry. Three-dimensional (3D) models composed of either porous or linearly aligned architectures have added to the understanding of how physical spacing principles affect migration efficacy; however, the relative contribution of each architecture to decision making in the presence of varying MMP availability is not known. Here, we developed an interface assay containing a cleft between two high-density collagen lattices, and we used this assay to probe tumor cell invasion efficacy, invasion mode and MMP dependence in concert. In silico modeling predicted facilitated cell migration into confining clefts independently of MMP activity, whereas migration into dense porous matrix was predicted to require matrix degradation. This prediction was verified experimentally, where inhibition of collagen degradation was found to strongly compromise migration into 3D collagen in a density-dependent manner, but interface-guided migration remained effective, occurring by cell jamming. The 3D interface assay reported here may serve as a suitable model to better understand the impact of in vivo-relevant interstitial tissue topologies on tumor invasion patterning and responses to molecular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Beunk
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Wen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Helvert
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Bekker
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Informatics, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Ran
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Informatics, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ross Kang
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Informatics, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Paulat
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon Syga
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katarina Wolf
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
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Zang X, Jiang J, Gu J, Chen Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Fu M, Shi H, Cai H, Qian H, Xu W, Zhang X. Circular RNA EIF4G3 suppresses gastric cancer progression through inhibition of β-catenin by promoting δ-catenin ubiquitin degradation and upregulating SIK1. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:141. [PMID: 35780119 PMCID: PMC9250212 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical regulators of cancer development and progression. However, the biological roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. METHODS We identified the differentially expressed circRNAs in GC by analyzing Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We explored the biological roles of circRNAs in GC by in vitro functional assays and in vivo animal studies. We performed tagged RNA affinity purification (TRAP), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), mass spectrometry (MS), RNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assays, and rescue experiments to investigate the mechanism of circRNAs in GC. RESULTS Downregulated expression of circular RNA EIF4G3 (circEIF4G3; hsa_circ_0007991) was found in GC and was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Overexpression of circEIF4G3 suppressed GC growth and metastasis through the inhibition of β-catenin signaling, whereas knockdown of circEIF4G3 showed the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that circEIF4G3 bound to δ-catenin protein to promote its TRIM25-mediated ubiquitin degradation and interacted with miR-4449 to upregulate SIK1 expression. CONCLUSION Our findings uncovered a tumor suppressor function of circEIF4G3 in GC through the regulation of δ-catenin protein stability and miR-4449/SIK1 axis. CircEIF4G3 may act as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zang
- Aoyang Cancer Institute, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Cancer Institute, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Medical College of Jiangsu University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Medical College of Jiangsu University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Aoyang Cancer Institute, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Aoyang Cancer Institute, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Aoyang Cancer Institute, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Medical College of Jiangsu University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Xu Y, He J, Qian C, Yang C. Molecular phenotypes and clinical characterization of familial hereditary breast cancer among half and full sisters. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:145. [PMID: 35501747 PMCID: PMC9063105 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preliminary clinical observations show that contemporaneous hereditary breast cancer (CHBC) patients suffered breast cancer at an early age, which requires further analysis. Methods 38 familial hereditary breast cancer patients (18 CHBC patients and 20 non-CHBC patients) were screened out and 152 non-hereditary breast cancer patients were used as control subjects. Clinical pathologic subtypes, age, tumor location, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and molecular phenotype expression (ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67, CK5/6, E-cad, P63, and P120) were compared across all subgroups. Results The incidence of CHBC was 9.47% (18/190) in breast cancer patients. The average ages of onset of CHBC patients, non-CHBC patients, and non-hereditary breast cancer patients were 49.06 ± 6.42, 60.75 ± 9.95 and 61.69 ± 14.34 respectively; whereas there were no significant differences with respect to pathological type or tumor location. There were significant differences in some histological grading (grade II/III), lymph node metastasis and PR expression between hereditary and non-hereditary breast cancers (P < 0.05; P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively). Significantly different HER-2 expression was observed when comparing all hereditary or CHBC patients with non-hereditary breast cancers (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively). There were significant differences in E-cad and P63 between contemporaneous hereditary and non-hereditary breast cancers (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions CHBC patients accounted for 9.47% (18/190) of breast cancer patients, had earlier disease onset, and showed differences compared to non-hereditary breast cancer patients with respect to molecular phenotype and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chengguang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Zhang S, He Y, Xuan Q, Ling X, Men K, Zhao X, Xue D, Li L, Zhang Y. TMEM139 prevents NSCLC metastasis by inhibiting lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1999-2007. [PMID: 35302694 PMCID: PMC9207374 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and has the highest mortality rate among all solid tumors. It is characterized by early metastasis, and investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and metastasis of NSCLC are urgently needed for the development of therapeutic targets. Here, we report that the transmembrane protein TMEM139 is significantly downregulated in NSCLC and that reduced expression of TMEM139 is correlated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, we found that TMEM139 directly interacts with E‐cadherin at the plasma membrane and at focal adhesion sites. Moreover, TMEM139 can prevent the lysosomal degradation of E‐cadherin, which inhibits epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our study not only expands our understanding of NSCLC metastasis but also provides a foundation to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunlong He
- Department of radiation oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qijia Xuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Kaiya Men
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dinglong Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hu Lun Bei Er Ren Min Hospital, Inner Mongolia Province, China
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6
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Ban B, Zhang K, Li JN, Liu TJ, Shi J. Ductal breast carcinoma metastasized to the rectum: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11346-11354. [PMID: 35071565 PMCID: PMC8717501 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis from breast cancer (BC) is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Nonspecific symptoms and long intervals make early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, increased awareness of GI metastasis secondary to BC and a deep understanding of the clinical and pathological features, and intervention for GI metastasis are fundamental to avoid delay in correct diagnosis and management.
CASE SUMMARY The present report discusses the case of a Chinese female patient aged 36 years. The patient presented with difficult defecation along with bloody stools and hypogastralgia. In 2015, she had undergone right modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection in another hospital to treat the infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma pT1N1M0. The presenting symptoms were investigated by colonoscopy, which indicated a circumferential stricture in the lower rectum at 3 cm from the anal edge. Further investigation with positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed an uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose within the distal rectum as well as in the left acetabulum. The samples from laparoscopic exploration were biopsied, which revealed metastases of BC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor confirmed that the patient had rectal metastasis of infiltrating ductal BC.
CONCLUSION Rectal metastasis should be considered when patients with a history of BC present with changed bowel habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ban
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tong-Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Silencing CTNND1 Mediates Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis via Upregulating CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis and Neutrophils Infiltration in Bone. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225703. [PMID: 34830862 PMCID: PMC8616231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Distant metastasis, especially bone metastasis, is the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. However, breast cancer patients with bone metastasis are frequently complicated by delayed intervention as clinically bone metastasis cannot be detected early enough. Here, we report that CTNND1 is downregulated in both primary tumors and metastatic bone lesions of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Decreased CTNND1 is a crucial intrinsic contributor to homing to the bones and the survival of the breast cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Thus, CTNND1 may be a novel biomarker for early predicting bone metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Abstract Bone metastasis from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently results in poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer due to the delay in diagnosis and intervention, lack of effective treatments and more skeletal-related complications. In the present study, we identified CTNND1 as a most reduced molecule in metastatic bone lesion from TNBC by way of high throughput sequencing of TNBC samples. In vivo experiments revealed that knockdown of CTNND1 enhanced tumor cells metastasis to bones and also increased neutrophils infiltration in bones. In vitro, we demonstrated that knockdown of CTNND1 accelerated epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of tumor cells and their recruitment to bones. The involvement by CTNND1 in EMT and bone homing was achieved by upregulating CXCR4 via activating the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1αpathway. Moreover, TNBC cells with reduced expression of CTNND1 elicited cytotoxic T-cells responses through accelerating neutrophils infiltration by secreting more GM-CSF and IL-8. Clinically, patients with triple-negative breast cancer and lower level of CTNND1 had shorter overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). It was concluded that downregulation of CTNND1 played a critical role in facilitating bone metastasis of TNBC and that CTNND1 might be a potential biomarker for predicting the risk of bone metastases in TNBC.
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New variant of breast-invasive lobular carcinoma with solid and encapsulated papillary carcinoma growth pattern. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1383-1388. [PMID: 34363596 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, five cases of invasive lobular carcinoma with solid and encapsulated papillary carcinoma (SPC and EPC) growth pattern were reported. In this article, we describe such a case that might represent a diagnostic pitfall. A 61-year-old woman had a mass on the left breast that was characterized by multiple expansile nodules with a fibrous capsule. Tumor cells were arranged in a solid pattern with inconspicuous delicate fibrovascular cores, some were irregular glandular tubes and papillary, similar to the growth pattern of SPC and EPC. The appearance of the tumor surrounding tissue suggested a special type of lobular carcinoma. The diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which revealed negative E-cadherin, positive cytoplasmic P120, and deleted myoepithelium. Next-generation sequencing revealed CDH1 mutations that further proved the diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma. The main differential diagnoses for this tumor are SPC, EPC, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and secretory carcinoma, for which immunohistochemical analysis is an essential diagnostic tool. The growth pattern of invasive lobular carcinoma with EPC and SPC is a variant of the invasive lobular carcinoma newly discovered. The understanding of this variant expands the morphological spectrum of invasive lobular carcinoma and will help prevent misdiagnosis.
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Kaszak I, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Niewiadomska Z, Dworecka-Kaszak B, Ngosa Toka F, Jurka P. Role of Cadherins in Cancer-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7624. [PMID: 33076339 PMCID: PMC7589192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins play an important role in tissue homeostasis, as they are responsible for cell-cell adhesion during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Cadherins are inseparably connected with catenins, forming cadherin-catenin complexes, which are crucial for cell-to-cell adherence. Any dysfunction or destabilization of cadherin-catenin complex may result in tumor progression. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism in which epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression is lost during tumor progression. However, during tumorigenesis, many processes take place, and downregulation of E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin and p120 catenin (p120) signaling are among the most critical. Additional signaling pathways, such as Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Rho GTPases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Hippo affect cadherin cell-cell adhesion and also contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Many signaling pathways may be activated during tumorigenesis; thus, cadherin-targeting drugs seem to limit the progression of malignant tumor. This review discusses the role of cadherins in selected signaling mechanisms involved in tumor growth. The clinical importance of cadherin will be discussed in cases of human and animal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaszak
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Carnivore Reproduction Study Center, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maison Alfort, France;
| | - Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix Ngosa Toka
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, BOX 334 Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West Indies;
| | - Piotr Jurka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
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