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Hsieh Y, Du J, Yang P. Repositioning VU-0365114 as a novel microtubule-destabilizing agent for treating cancer and overcoming drug resistance. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:386-414. [PMID: 37842807 PMCID: PMC10850822 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents represent one of the most successful classes of anticancer agents. However, the development of drug resistance and the appearance of adverse effects hamper their clinical implementation. Novel microtubule-targeting agents without such limitations are urgently needed. By employing a gene expression-based drug repositioning strategy, this study identifies VU-0365114, originally synthesized as a positive allosteric modulator of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (M5 mAChR), as a novel type of tubulin inhibitor by destabilizing microtubules. VU-0365114 exhibits a broad-spectrum in vitro anticancer activity, especially in colorectal cancer cells. A tumor xenograft study in nude mice shows that VU-0365114 slowed the in vivo colorectal tumor growth. The anticancer activity of VU-0365114 is not related to its original target, M5 mAChR. In addition, VU-0365114 does not serve as a substrate of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, and thus, it can overcome MDR. Furthermore, a kinome analysis shows that VU-0365114 did not exhibit other significant off-target effects. Taken together, our study suggests that VU-0365114 primarily targets microtubules, offering potential for repurposing in cancer treatment, although more studies are needed before further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao‐Yu Hsieh
- Division of Hematology and OncologyTaipei Medical University Shuang Ho HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU and Affiliated Hospitals Pancreatic Cancer GroupsTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Ling Du
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ming Yang
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU and Affiliated Hospitals Pancreatic Cancer GroupsTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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2
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Hashemi M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ten Hagen TLM, Salimimoghadam S, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Falahati M. HMGA2 regulation by miRNAs in cancer: affecting cancer hallmarks and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106732. [PMID: 36931542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group A 2 (HMGA2) is a protein that modulates the structure of chromatin in the nucleus. Importantly, aberrant expression of HMGA2 occurs during carcinogenesis, and this protein is an upstream mediator of cancer hallmarks including evasion of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. HMGA2 targets critical signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR in cancer cells. Therefore, suppression of HMGA2 function notably decreases cancer progression and improves outcome in patients. As HMGA2 is mainly oncogenic, targeting expression by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is crucial to take into consideration since it affects HMGA2 function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to ncRNAs and are master regulators of vital cell processes, which affect all aspects of cancer hallmarks. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), other members of ncRNAs, are upstream mediators of miRNAs. The current review intends to discuss the importance of the miRNA/HMGA2 axis in modulation of various types of cancer, and mentions lncRNAs and circRNAs, which regulate this axis as upstream mediators. Finally, we discuss the effect of miRNAs and HMGA2 interactions on the response of cancer cells to therapy. Regarding the critical role of HMGA2 in regulation of critical signaling pathways in cancer cells, and considering the confirmed interaction between HMGA2 and one of the master regulators of cancer, miRNAs, targeting miRNA/HMGA2 axis in cancer therapy is promising and this could be the subject of future clinical trial experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Wang P, Huang Y, Xia X, Han J, Zhang L, Zhao W. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3, a miR-19a-3p-regulated gene, suppresses tumor growth in osteosarcoma by downregulating the Akt pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3993-4009. [PMID: 35112982 PMCID: PMC8974154 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3), is emerging as a critical regulator for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the expression and role of PHLDA3 in osteosarcoma remain unknown. Herein, we purposed to elucidate the role of PHLDA3 in the progression and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma. According to the bioinformatics analysis, PHLDA3 expression was low in osteosarcoma patients, and low content was linked to poor prognosis. Additionally, activation of PHLDA3 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance, whereas PHLDA3 inhibition caused the opposite effects. Mechanistically, our data revealed that PHLDA3 negatively regulates the Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we found that miR-19a-3p might exert its oncogenic function by inhibiting PHLDA3 expression in osteosarcoma. These results demonstrated miR-19a-3p/ PHLDA3/ Akt/GSK3β axis has a pivotal role in osteosarcoma, and PHLDA3 is a prospective therapeutic target for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Bonnet R, Mariault L, Peyron JF. Identification of potentially anti-COVID-19 active drugs using the connectivity MAP. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262751. [PMID: 35085325 PMCID: PMC8794112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can be an interesting strategy for an emergency response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, (SARS-COV-2), the causing agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. For this, we applied the Connectivity Map (CMap) bioinformatic resource to identify drugs that generate, in the CMap database, gene expression profiles (GEP) that negatively correlate with a SARS-COV-2 GEP, anticipating that these drugs could antagonize the deleterious effects of the virus at cell, tissue or organism levels. We identified several anti-cancer compounds that target MDM2 in the p53 pathway or signaling proteins: Ras, PKBβ, Nitric Oxide synthase, Rho kinase, all involved in the transmission of proliferative and growth signals. We hypothesized that these drugs could interfere with the high rate of biomass synthesis in infected cells, a feature shared with cancer cells. Other compounds including etomoxir, triacsin-c, PTB1-IN-3, are known to modulate lipid metabolism or to favor catabolic reactions by activating AMPK. Four different anti-inflammatory molecules, including dexamethasone, fluorometholone and cytosporone-b, targeting the glucocorticoid receptor, cyclooxygenase, or NUR77 also came out of the analysis. These results represent a first step in the characterization of potential repositioning strategies to treat SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Bonnet
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Lee Mariault
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
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5
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Evaluation of connectivity map shows limited reproducibility in drug repositioning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17624. [PMID: 34475469 PMCID: PMC8413422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Connectivity Map (CMap) is a popular resource designed for data-driven drug repositioning using a large transcriptomic compendium. However, evaluations of its performance are limited. We used two iterations of CMap (CMap 1 and 2) to assess their comparability and reliability. We queried CMap 2 with CMap 1-derived signatures, expecting CMap 2 would highly prioritize the queried compounds; the success rate was 17%. Analysis of previously published prioritizations yielded similar results. Low recall is caused by low differential expression (DE) reproducibility both between CMaps and within each CMap. DE strength was predictive of reproducibility, and is influenced by compound concentration and cell-line responsiveness. Reproducibility of CMap 2 sample expression levels was also lower than expected. We attempted to identify the "better" CMap by comparison with a third dataset, but they were mutually discordant. Our findings have implications for CMap usage and we suggest steps for investigators to limit false positives.
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Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic and Genetic Signatures for General Transcription Factor III (GTF3) in Clinical Colorectal Cancer Patients Using Bioinformatics Approaches. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:cimb43010002. [PMID: 33925358 PMCID: PMC8935981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the fourth-highest incidence of all cancer types, and its incidence has steadily increased in the last decade. The general transcription factor III (GTF3) family, comprising GTF3A, GTF3B, GTF3C1, and GTFC2, were stated to be linked with the expansion of different types of cancers; however, their messenger (m)RNA expressions and prognostic values in colorectal cancer need to be further investigated. To study the transcriptomic expression levels of GTF3 gene members in colorectal cancer in both cancerous tissues and cell lines, we first performed high-throughput screening using the Oncomine, GEPIA, and CCLE databases. We then applied the Prognoscan database to query correlations of their mRNA expressions with the disease-specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) status of the colorectal cancer patient. Furthermore, proteomics expressions of GTF3 family members in clinical colorectal cancer specimens were also examined using the Human Protein Atlas. Finally, genomic alterations of GTF3 family gene expressions in colorectal cancer and their signal transduction pathways were studied using cBioPortal, ClueGO, CluePedia, and MetaCore platform. Our findings revealed that GTF3 family members' expressions were significantly correlated with the cell cycle, oxidative stress, WNT/β-catenin signaling, Rho GTPases, and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Clinically, high GTF3A and GTF3B expressions were significantly correlated with poor prognoses in colorectal cancer patients. Collectively, our study declares that GTF3A was overexpressed in cancer tissues and cell lines, particularly colorectal cancer, and it could possibly step in as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Al-Taie Z, Liu D, Mitchem JB, Papageorgiou C, Kaifi JT, Warren WC, Shyu CR. Explainable artificial intelligence in high-throughput drug repositioning for subgroup stratifications with interventionable potential. J Biomed Inform 2021; 118:103792. [PMID: 33915273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enabling precision medicine requires developing robust patient stratification methods as well as drugs tailored to homogeneous subgroups of patients from a heterogeneous population. Developing de novo drugs is expensive and time consuming with an ultimately low FDA approval rate. These limitations make developing new drugs for a small portion of a disease population unfeasible. Therefore, drug repositioning is an essential alternative for developing new drugs for a disease subpopulation. This shows the importance of developing data-driven approaches that find druggable homogeneous subgroups within the disease population and reposition the drugs for these subgroups. In this study, we developed an explainable AI approach for patient stratification and drug repositioning. Contrast pattern mining and network analysis were used to discover homogeneous subgroups within a disease population. For each subgroup, a biomedical network analysis was done to find the drugs that are most relevant to a given subgroup of patients. The set of candidate drugs for each subgroup was ranked using an aggregated drug score assigned to each drug. The proposed method represents a human-in-the-loop framework, where medical experts use the data-driven results to generate hypotheses and obtain insights into potential therapeutic candidates for patients who belong to a subgroup. Colorectal cancer (CRC) was used as a case study. Patients' phenotypic and genotypic data was utilized with a heterogeneous knowledge base because it gives a multi-view perspective for finding new indications for drugs outside of their original use. Our analysis of the top candidate drugs for the subgroups identified by medical experts showed that most of these drugs are cancer-related, and most of them have the potential to be a CRC regimen based on studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al-Taie
- Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Computer Science, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Danlu Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jonathan B Mitchem
- Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Christos Papageorgiou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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8
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A Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies the Telomerase Inhibitor MST-312 for Treating High-STMN1-Expressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050332. [PMID: 33922244 PMCID: PMC8145764 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a relatively chemo-resistant tumor. Several multi-kinase inhibitors have been approved for treating advanced HCC. However, most HCC patients are highly refractory to these drugs. Therefore, the development of more effective therapies for advanced HCC patients is urgently needed. Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is an oncoprotein that destabilizes microtubules and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, cancer genomics data mining identified STMN1 as a prognosis biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC. Co-expressed gene analysis indicated that STMN1 expression was positively associated with cell-cycle-related gene expression. Chemical sensitivity profiling of HCC cell lines suggested that High-STMN1-expressing HCC cells were the most sensitive to MST-312 (a telomerase inhibitor). Drug-gene connectivity mapping supported that MST-312 reversed the STMN1-co-expressed gene signature (especially BUB1B, MCM2/5/6, and TTK genes). In vitro experiments validated that MST-312 inhibited HCC cell viability and related protein expression (STMN1, BUB1B, and MCM5). In addition, overexpression of STMN1 enhanced the anticancer activity of MST-312 in HCC cells. Therefore, MST-312 can be used for treating STMN1-high expression HCC.
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Yang W, Wu YH, Liu SQ, Sheng ZY, Zhen ZD, Gao RQ, Cui XY, Fan DY, Qin ZH, Zheng AH, Wang PG, An J. S100A4+ macrophages facilitate zika virus invasion and persistence in the seminiferous tubules via interferon-gamma mediation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009019. [PMID: 33315931 PMCID: PMC7769614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular invasion and persistence are features of Zika virus (ZIKV), but their mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we showed that S100A4+ macrophages, a myeloid macrophage subpopulation with susceptibility to ZIKV infection, facilitated ZIKV invasion and persistence in the seminiferous tubules. In ZIKV-infected mice, S100A4+ macrophages were specifically recruited into the interstitial space of testes and differentiated into interferon-γ-expressing M1 macrophages. With interferon-γ mediation, S100A4+ macrophages down-regulated Claudin-1 expression and induced its redistribution from the cytosol to nucleus, thus increasing the permeability of the blood-testis barrier which facilitated S100A4+ macrophages invasion into the seminiferous tubules. Intraluminal S100A4+ macrophages were segregated from CD8+ T cells and consequently helped ZIKV evade cellular immunity. As a result, ZIKV continued to replicate in intraluminal S100A4+ macrophages even when the spermatogenic cells disappeared. Deficiencies in S100A4 or interferon-γ signaling both reduced ZIKV infection in the seminiferous tubules. These results demonstrated crucial roles of S100A4+ macrophages in ZIKV infection in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Da Zhen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Qi Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Science and Technology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zheng
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PGW); , (JA)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PGW); , (JA)
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Wang X, Wang J, Wu J. Emerging roles for HMGA2 in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100894. [PMID: 33069103 PMCID: PMC7563012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGA2 (High Mobility Group AT-hook 2) has been reported to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) development by regulating the transcription of target genes. It participates in nearly all aspects of cellular processes, including cell transformation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair and stem cell self-renewal. In the past decades, a group of downstream targets and binding partners have been identified in a wide range of cancers. Our findings of HMGA2 as a key factor in the MDM2/p53, IL11/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways prompt us to summarize current advances in the functional and molecular basis of HMGA2 in CRC. In this review, we address the roles of HMGA2 in the oncogenic networks of CRC based on recent advances. We review its aberrant expression, explore underlying mechanisms, discuss its pro-tumorigenic effects, and highlight promising small-molecule inhibitors based on targeting HMGA2 here. However, the understanding of HMGA2 in CRC progression is still elusive, thus we also discuss the future perspectives in this review. Collectively, this review provides novel insights into the oncogenic properties of HMGA2, which has potential implications in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. HMGA2 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development by regulating the transcriptions of target genes. Circulating cell-free HMGA2 mRNA has been identified as a potential screening marker in CRC. HMGA2 appears to be a key factor in the networks of MDM2/p53, IL11/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in CRC. Many agents and siRNAs serve as potential therapeutic approaches by targeting HMGA2 for the treatment of CRC. Deciphering HMGA2-mediated machinery helps to conceive effective therapy strategies and develop novel inhibitors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Gajos-Michniewicz A, Czyz M. WNT Signaling in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4852. [PMID: 32659938 PMCID: PMC7402324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT-signaling controls important cellular processes throughout embryonic development and adult life, so any deregulation of this signaling can result in a wide range of pathologies, including cancer. WNT-signaling is classified into two categories: β-catenin-dependent signaling (canonical pathway) and β-catenin-independent signaling (non-canonical pathway), the latter can be further divided into WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) and calcium pathways. WNT ligands are considered as unique directional growth factors that contribute to both cell proliferation and polarity. Origin of cancer can be diverse and therefore tissue-specific differences can be found in WNT-signaling between cancers, including specific mutations contributing to cancer development. This review focuses on the role of the WNT-signaling pathway in melanoma. The current view on the role of WNT-signaling in cancer immunity as well as a short summary of WNT pathway-related drugs under investigation are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92–215 Lodz, Poland;
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12
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Unachukwu U, Chada K, D’Armiento J. High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2) Oncogenicity in Mesenchymal and Epithelial Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093151. [PMID: 32365712 PMCID: PMC7246488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) has been associated with increased cell proliferation and cell cycle dysregulation, leading to the ontogeny of varied tumor types and their metastatic potentials, a frequently used index of disease prognosis. In this review, we deepen our understanding of HMGA2 pathogenicity by exploring the mechanisms by which HMGA2 misexpression and ectopic expression induces mesenchymal and epithelial tumorigenesis respectively and distinguish the pathogenesis of benign from malignant mesenchymal tumors. Importantly, we highlight the regulatory role of let-7 microRNA family of tumor suppressors in determining HMGA2 misexpression events leading to tumor pathogenesis and focused on possible mechanisms by which HMGA2 could propagate lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), benign mesenchymal tumors of the lungs. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for epithelial and mesenchymal tumorigenesis based on targeting the HMGA2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Kiran Chada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-305-3745
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Huang YM, Cheng CH, Pan SL, Yang PM, Lin DY, Lee KH. Gene Expression Signature-Based Approach Identifies Antifungal Drug Ciclopirox As a Novel Inhibitor of HMGA2 in Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110688. [PMID: 31684108 PMCID: PMC6920845 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2) encodes for a non-histone chromatin protein which influences a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle process, apoptosis, the DNA damage repair process, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The accumulated evidence suggests that high expression of HMGA2 is related to tumor progression, poor prognosis, and a poor response to therapy. Thus, HMGA2 is an important molecular target for many types of malignancies. Our recent studies revealed the positive connections between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and HMGA2 and that the Hsp90 inhibitor has therapeutic potential to inhibit HMGA2-triggered tumorigenesis. However, 43% of patients suffered visual disturbances in a phase I trial of the second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922. To identify a specific inhibitor to target HMGA2, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) L1000platform were both analyzed. We identified the approved small-molecule antifungal agent ciclopirox (CPX) as a novel potential inhibitor of HMGA2. In addition, CPX induces cytotoxicity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo through direct interaction with the AT-hook motif (a small DNA-binding protein motif) of HMGA2. In conclusion, this study is the first to report that CPX is a novel potential inhibitor of HMGA2 using a drug-repurposing approach, which can provide a potential therapeutic intervention in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ding-Yen Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 003107, Taiwan.
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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