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Ganesh S, Kim MJ, Lee J, Feng X, Ule K, Mahan A, Krishnan HS, Wang Z, Anzahaee MY, Singhal G, Korboukh I, Lockridge JA, Sanftner L, Rijnbrand R, Abrams M, Brown BD. RNAi mediated silencing of STAT3/PD-L1 in tumor-associated immune cells induces robust anti-tumor effects in immunotherapy resistant tumors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1895-1916. [PMID: 38549376 PMCID: PMC11184339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are often associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering most of them resistant to standard-of-care immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, has well-defined immunosuppressive functions in several leukocyte populations within the TME. Since the STAT3 protein has been challenging to target using conventional pharmaceutical modalities, we investigated the feasibility of applying systemically delivered RNA interference (RNAi) agents to silence its mRNA directly in tumor-associated immune cells. In preclinical rodent tumor models, chemically stabilized acylated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) selectively silenced Stat3 mRNA in multiple relevant cell types, reduced STAT3 protein levels, and increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration. In a murine model of CPI-resistant pancreatic cancer, RNAi-mediated Stat3 silencing resulted in tumor growth inhibition, which was further enhanced in combination with CPIs. To further exemplify the utility of RNAi for cancer immunotherapy, this technology was used to silence Cd274, the gene encoding the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Interestingly, silencing of Cd274 was effective in tumor models that are resistant to PD-L1 antibody therapy. These data represent the first demonstration of systemic delivery of RNAi agents to the TME and suggest applying this technology for immuno-oncology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jenny Lee
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Xudong Feng
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Krisjanis Ule
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Amy Mahan
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Garima Singhal
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ilia Korboukh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Laura Sanftner
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Rene Rijnbrand
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Marc Abrams
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Bob D Brown
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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Bonilla PA, Hoop CL, Stefanisko K, Tarasov SG, Sinha S, Nicklaus MC, Tarasova NI. Virtual screening of ultra-large chemical libraries identifies cell-permeable small-molecule inhibitors of a "non-druggable" target, STAT3 N-terminal domain. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1144153. [PMID: 37182134 PMCID: PMC10167007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1144153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 N-terminal domain is a promising molecular target for cancer treatment and modulation of immune responses. However, STAT3 is localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei, and thus, is inaccessible to therapeutic antibodies. Its N-terminal domain lacks deep pockets on the surface and represents a typical "non-druggable" protein. In order to successfully identify potent and selective inhibitors of the domain, we have used virtual screening of billion structure-sized virtual libraries of make-on-demand screening samples. The results suggest that the expansion of accessible chemical space by cutting-edge ultra-large virtual compound databases can lead to successful development of small molecule drugs for hard-to-target intracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Andrade Bonilla
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cody L. Hoop
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Karen Stefanisko
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sergey G. Tarasov
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Marc C. Nicklaus
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Nadya I. Tarasova
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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Xie Y, Zhu S, Chen L, Liu H, Peng T, Ming Z, Zou Z, Hu X, Luo W, Peng K, Nie Y, Luo T, Ma D, Liu S, Luo Z. An Isoxazoloquinone Derivative Inhibits Tumor Growth by Targeting STAT3 and Triggering Its Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092424. [PMID: 37173892 PMCID: PMC10177496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, with shorter five-year survival than other breast cancer subtypes, and lacks targeted and hormonal treatment strategies. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is up-regulated in various tumors, including TNBC, and plays a vital role in regulating the expression of multiple proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes. RESULTS By combining the unique structures of the natural compounds STA-21 and Aulosirazole with antitumor activities, we synthesized a class of novel isoxazoloquinone derivatives and showed that one of these compounds, ZSW, binds to the SH2 domain of STAT3, leading to decreased STAT3 expression and activation in TNBC cells. Furthermore, ZSW promotes STAT3 ubiquitination, inhibits the proliferation of TNBC cells in vitro, and attenuates tumor growth with manageable toxicities in vivo. ZSW also decreases the mammosphere formation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) by inhibiting STAT3. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the novel isoxazoloquinone ZSW may be developed as a cancer therapeutic because it targets STAT3, thereby inhibiting the stemness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shuaiwen Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhengnan Ming
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zizheng Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiyuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wensong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kunjian Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuan Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tiao Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dayou Ma
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Suyou Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Fan X, Meng M, Li B, Chen H, Tan J, Xu K, Xiao S, Kwan HY, Liu Z, Su T. Brevilin A is a potent anti-metastatic CRC agent that targets the VEGF-IL6-STAT3 axis in the HSCs-CRC interplay. J Transl Med 2023; 21:260. [PMID: 37062842 PMCID: PMC10105967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop liver metastasis that underlies the cancer mortality. In the hepatic tumor microenvironment, the interplay between CRC cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the activation of HSCs to become carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) will further promote the cancer development. Nevertheless, the critical signaling molecule that involved in these processes remains unknown, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC). METHODS Conditioned medium system and co-cultured system were used to examine the interplay between CRC cells and HSCs. Luminex liquid suspension chip detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to screen for the mediators in the conditioned medium that facilitated the CRC-HSCs interplay and HSCs-to-CAFs differentiation. Cell and animal models were used to examine whether brevilin A inhibited CRC liver metastasis via the VEGF-IL6-STAT3 axis. RESULTS In the CRC-HSCs interplay, CRC promoted HSCs-to-CAFs differentiation by releasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and HSCs released interleukin 6 (IL6) that activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the CRC and hence increased the cancer metastatic potential. The functions of the VEGF-IL6-STAT3 axis in the HSCs-CRC interplay were further validated by VEGF recombinant protein and IL6 neutralizing antibody. More importantly, brevilin A, an active compound isolated from Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Aschers, targeted the VEGF-IL6-STAT3 axis in the CRC-HSCs interplay, hence significantly inhibited colorectal liver metastasis and cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to demonstrate brevilin A possesses potent anti-mCRC effect by targeting the VEGF-IL6-STAT3 axis in the CRC-HSCs interplay. Our findings not only support the development of brevilin A as a novel therapeutic agent for mCRC treatment, but also pave the path for the development of other VEGF-IL6-STAT3 targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjing Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincheng Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Keyang Xu
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shilin Xiao
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu-Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Dinakar YH, Kumar H, Mudavath SL, Jain R, Ajmeer R, Jain V. Role of STAT3 in the initiation, progression, proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer and strategies to deliver JAK and STAT3 inhibitors. Life Sci 2022; 309:120996. [PMID: 36170890 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the majority of cancers among the female population. Anomalous activation of various signaling pathways has become an issue of concern. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is activated in numerous cancers, including BC. STAT3 is widely involved in BCs, as 40 % of BCs display phosphorylated STAT3. JAK-STAT signaling is crucial for proliferation, survival, metastasis and other cellular events associated with the tumor microenvironment. Hence, targeting this pathway has become an area of interest among researchers. KEY FINDINGS This review article focuses on the role of STAT3 in the initiation, proliferation, progression and metastasis of BC. The roles of various phytochemicals, synthetic molecules and biologicals against JAK-STAT and STAT3 in various cancers have been discussed, with special emphasis on BC. SIGNIFICANCE JAK and STAT3 are involved in various phases from initiation to metastasis, and targeting this pathway is a promising approach to inhibit the various stages of BC development and to prevent metastasis. A number of phytochemicals and synthetic and biological molecules have demonstrated potential inhibitory effects on JAK and STAT3, thereby paving the way for the development of better therapeutics against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirivinti Hayagreeva Dinakar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Ramkishan Ajmeer
- Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, East Zone, Kolkata 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
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Changizian M, Nourisanami F, Hajpoor V, Parvaresh M, Bahri Z, Motovali-Bashi M. LINC00467: A key oncogenic long non-coding RNA. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 536:112-125. [PMID: 36122666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of human cancers has attracted increasing attention in recent years of investigations. Having versatile interactions and diverse functions, lncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor-suppressors to actively regulate cell proliferation, survival, stemness, drug resistance, invasion and metastasis. LINC00467, an oncogenic member of long intergenic non-coding RNAs, is upregulated in numerous malignancies and its high expression is often related to poor clinicopathological features. LINC00467 facilitates the progression of cancer via sponging tumor-suppressive microRNAs, inhibiting cell death cascade, modulating cell cycle controllers, and regulating signalling pathways including AKT, STAT3, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin. A growing number of studies have revealed that LINC00467 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and its inhibitory targeting has a valuable therapeutic potential to suppress the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. In the present review, we discuss the importance of LINC00467 and provide a comprehensive collection of its functions and molecular mechanisms in a variety of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Changizian
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Farahdokht Nourisanami
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Vida Hajpoor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, km 15, Tehran - Karaj Highway, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| | - Maryam Parvaresh
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
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Casas G, Perche F, Midoux P, Pichon C, Malinge JM. DNA minicircles as novel STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides endowed with anticancer activity in triple-negative breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:162-175. [PMID: 35847174 PMCID: PMC9263874 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decoy technology is a versatile and specific DNA oligonucleotide-based targeting strategy of pathogenic transcription factors (TFs). Chemical modifications of linear decoy oligonucleotides have been made to decrease nuclease sensitivity because of the presence of free ends but at the cost of new limitations that affect their use as therapeutic drugs. Although a short DNA minicircle is a phosphodiester nucleic acid without free ends, its potential therapeutic activity as a TF decoy oligonucleotide has not yet been investigated. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo activity of formulated 95-bp minicircles bearing one or several STAT3 binding sequences in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Minicircles bearing one STAT3 binding site interacted specifically with the active form of STAT3 and inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, slowed down cell cycle progression, and decreased STAT3 target gene expression in human and murine TNBC cells. Intratumoral injection of STAT3 minicircles inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a murine model of TNBC. Increasing the number of STAT3 binding sites resulted in improved anticancer activity, opening the way for a TF multitargeting strategy. Our data provide the first demonstration of minicircles acting as STAT3 decoys and show that they could be an effective therapeutic drug for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Casas
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Affiliated with the University of Orléans and INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Federico Perche
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Affiliated with the University of Orléans and INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Affiliated with the University of Orléans and INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Affiliated with the University of Orléans and INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Corresponding author Chantal Pichon, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 02, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Malinge
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Affiliated with the University of Orléans and INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Corresponding author Jean-Marc Malinge, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, CS-80054, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 02, France.
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Hua Y, Yuan X, Shen YH, Wang J, Azeem W, Yang S, Gade A, Lellahi SM, Øyan AM, Ke X, Zhang WD, Kalland KH. Novel STAT3 Inhibitors Targeting STAT3 Dimerization by Binding to the STAT3 SH2 Domain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836724. [PMID: 35712699 PMCID: PMC9196127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our drug discovery model has identified two novel STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitors 323–1 and 323–2 (delavatine A stereoisomers) in a series of experiments. In silico computational modeling, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), and fluorescence polarization (FP) assays altogether determined that 323–1 and 323–2 directly target the STAT3 SH2 domain and inhibited both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated STAT3 dimerization. Computational docking predicted that compound 323s bind to three subpockets of the STAT3 SH2 domain. The 323s inhibition of STAT3 dimerization was more potent than the commercial STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitor S3I-201 in the co-immunoprecipitation assay, correlating with computational docking data. The fluorescence polarization assay further confirmed that the compound 323s target the STAT3 SH2 domain by competitively abrogating the interaction between STAT3 and the SH2-binding peptide GpYLPQTV. Compared with S3I-201, the 323 compounds exhibited stronger inhibition of STAT3 and reduced the level of IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) in LNCaP cells over the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Tyr701) induced by IFN-ɣ in PC3 cells or the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Ser727) in DU145 cells. Both compounds downregulated STAT3 target genes MCL1 and cyclin D1. Thus, the two compounds are promising lead compounds for the treatment of cancers with hyper-activated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hua
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Yaping Hua, ; Wei-dong Zhang, ; Karl-Henning Kalland,
| | - Xing Yuan
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-heng Shen
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Waqas Azeem
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexandra Gade
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Seyed Mohammad Lellahi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Øyan
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Hua, ; Wei-dong Zhang, ; Karl-Henning Kalland,
| | - Karl-Henning Kalland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Yaping Hua, ; Wei-dong Zhang, ; Karl-Henning Kalland,
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Mahata S, Sahoo PK, Pal R, Sarkar S, Mistry T, Ghosh S, Nasare VD. PIM1/STAT3 axis: a potential co-targeted therapeutic approach in triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:74. [PMID: 35568774 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer lacks an expression of ER, PR, and Her-2, has a poor prognosis, and there are no target therapies available. Therapeutic options to treat TNBC are limited and urgently needed. Strong evidence indicates that molecular signaling pathways have a significant function to regulate biological mechanisms and their abnormal expression endows with the development of cancer. PIM kinase is overexpressed in various human cancers including TNBC which is regulated by various signaling pathways that are crucial for cancer cell proliferation and survival and also make PIM kinase as an attractive drug target. One of the targets of the STAT3 signaling pathway is PIM1 that plays a key role in tumor progression and transformation. In this review, we accumulate the current scenario of the PIM-STAT3 axis that provides insights into the PIM1 and STAT3 inhibitors which can be developed as potential co-inhibitors as prospective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Mahata
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Pranab K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Sinjini Sarkar
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Tanuma Mistry
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Vilas D Nasare
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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10
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Darwish NM, Elshaer MMA, Almutairi SM, Chen TW, Mohamed MO, Ghaly WBA, Rasheed RA. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Provoke Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Knocking Down the STAT3 Activated Signaling Pathway: In Vivo and In Vitro Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27093032. [PMID: 35566382 PMCID: PMC9103886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in HCC progression, migration, and suppression of apoptosis. This study investigates the apoptotic effect of the dietary antioxidant (n-3 PUFAs) on HepG2 cells and analyzes the underlying molecular mechanisms of this effect both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo study: Seventy-five adult male albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 25): Group I (control): 0.9% normal saline, intraperitoneal. Group II: N-Nitrosodiethylamine (200 mg/kg b.wt) intraperitoneal, followed by phenobarbital 0.05% in drinking water. Group III: as group II followed by n-3 PUFAs intubation (400 mg/kg/day). In vivo study: liver specimens for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination. In vitro study: MTT assay, cell morphology, PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. n-3 PUFAs significantly improved the histopathologic features of HCC and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Further, HepG2 cells proliferation was suppressed through inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 activity. Here we report that n-3 PUFAs may be an ideal cancer chemo-preventive candidate by targeting STAT3 signaling, which is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M. Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Ministry of Health Laboratories, Tanta 16335, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.M.D.); (R.A.R.); Tel.: +20-1096264335 (N.M.D.); +20-1001022257 (R.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed M. A. Elshaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46511, Egypt
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Mohamed Othman Mohamed
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46511, Egypt;
| | - Wael B. A. Ghaly
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt;
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46511, Egypt
| | - Rabab Ahmed Rasheed
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.M.D.); (R.A.R.); Tel.: +20-1096264335 (N.M.D.); +20-1001022257 (R.A.R.)
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11
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Thielen NGM, Neefjes M, Vitters EL, van Beuningen HM, Blom AB, Koenders MI, van Lent PLEM, van de Loo FAJ, Blaney Davidson EN, van Caam APM, van der Kraan PM. Identification of Transcription Factors Responsible for a Transforming Growth Factor-β-Driven Hypertrophy-like Phenotype in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071232. [PMID: 35406794 PMCID: PMC8998018 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During osteoarthritis (OA), hypertrophy-like chondrocytes contribute to the disease process. TGF-β's signaling pathways can contribute to a hypertrophy(-like) phenotype in chondrocytes, especially at high doses of TGF-β. In this study, we examine which transcription factors (TFs) are activated and involved in TGF-β-dependent induction of a hypertrophy-like phenotype in human OA chondrocytes. We found that TGF-β, at levels found in synovial fluid in OA patients, induces hypertrophic differentiation, as characterized by increased expression of RUNX2, COL10A1, COL1A1, VEGFA and IHH. Using luciferase-based TF activity assays, we observed that the expression of these hypertrophy genes positively correlated to SMAD3:4, STAT3 and AP1 activity. Blocking these TFs using specific inhibitors for ALK-5-induced SMAD signaling (5 µM SB-505124), JAK-STAT signaling (1 µM Tofacitinib) and JNK signaling (10 µM SP-600125) led to the striking observation that only SB-505124 repressed the expression of hypertrophy factors in TGF-β-stimulated chondrocytes. Therefore, we conclude that ALK5 kinase activity is essential for TGF-β-induced expression of crucial hypertrophy factors in chondrocytes.
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12
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Molecular targets and therapeutics in chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 39:14. [PMID: 34812991 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer (BC), which shows immunohistochemically negative expression of hormone receptor i.e., Estrogen receptor and Progesterone receptor along with the absence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2/neu). In Indian scenario the prevalence of BC is 26.3%, whereas, in West Bengal the cases are of 18.4%. But the rate of TNBC has increased up to 31% and shows 27% of total BC. Conventional chemotherapy is effective only in the initial stages but with progression of the disease the effectivity gets reduced and shown almost no effect in later or advanced stages of TNBC. Thus, TNBC patients frequently develop resistance and metastasis, due to its peculiar triple-negative nature most of the hormonal therapies also fails. Development of chemoresistance may involve various factors, such as, TNBC heterogeneity, cancer stem cells (CSCs), signaling pathway deregulation, DNA repair mechanism, hypoxia, and other molecular factors. To overcome the challenges to treat TNBC various targets and molecules have been exploited including CSCs modulator, drug efflux transporters, hypoxic factors, apoptotic proteins, and regulatory signaling pathways. Moreover, to improve the targets and efficacy of treatments researchers are emphasizing on targeted therapy for TNBC. In this review, an effort has been made to focus on phenotypic and molecular variations in TNBC along with the role of conventional as well as newly identified pathways and strategies to overcome challenge of chemoresistance.
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13
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Chemotherapy: a double-edged sword in cancer treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:507-526. [PMID: 34355266 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a well-known and effective treatment for different cancers; unfortunately, it has not been as efficient in the eradication of all cancer cells as been expected. The mechanism of this failure was not fully clarified, yet. Meanwhile, alterations in the physiologic conditions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were suggested as one of the underlying possibilities. Chemotherapy drugs can activate multiple signaling pathways and augment the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation may show two opposite roles in the TME. On the one hand, inflammation, as an innate immune response, tries to suppress tumor growth but on the other hand, it might be not powerful enough to eradicate the cancer cells and even it can provide appropriate conditions for cancer promotion and relapse as well. Therefore, the administration of mild anti-inflammatory drugs during chemotherapy might result in more successful clinical results. Here, we will review and discuss this hypothesis. Most chemotherapy agents are triggers of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) molecules. Some chemotherapy agents can induce systematic inflammation by provoking TLR4 signaling or triggering IL-1B secretion through the inflammasome pathway. NF-kB and MAPK are key signaling pathways of inflammation and could be activated by several chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, inflammation can play a key role in cancer development, metastasis and exacerbation.
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14
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Satarker S, Tom AA, Shaji RA, Alosious A, Luvis M, Nampoothiri M. JAK-STAT Pathway Inhibition and their Implications in COVID-19 Therapy. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:489-507. [PMID: 33245005 PMCID: PMC7784782 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1855921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of COVID-19 increases with time, more and more efforts are made to pave a way out for the therapeutic strategies to deal with the disease progression. Inflammation being a significant influencer in COVID-19 patients, it drives our focus onto the signaling cascades of the JAK/STAT pathway. JAK phosphorylation mediated by cytokine receptor activation leads to phosphorylation of STATs that translocate into the nucleus to translate for inflammatory mediators. The SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins like spike, nucleocapsid, membrane and envelope proteins along with the non- structural proteins 1-16 including proteases like 3CL pro and PLpro promote its entry and survival in hosts. The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers inflammation via the JAK/STAT pathway leading to recruitment of pneumocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells progressing towards cytokine storm. This produces various inflammatory markers in the host that determine the disease severity. The JAK/STAT signaling also mediates immune responses via B cell and T cell differentiation.With an attempt to reduce excessive inflammation, JAK/STAT inhibitors like Ruxolitinib, Baricitinib, Tofacitinib have been employed that mediate its actions via suppressors of cytokine signaling, cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein, Protein inhibitor of activated STAT and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Even though they are implicated with multiple adverse effects, the regulatory authorities have supported its use, and numerous clinical trials are in progress to prove their safety and efficacy. On the contrary, the exact mechanism of JAK/STAT inhibition at molecular levels remains speculative for which further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Antriya Annie Tom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Roshitha Ann Shaji
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Aaja Alosious
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Mariya Luvis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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15
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Galeaz C, Totis C, Bisio A. Radiation Resistance: A Matter of Transcription Factors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662840. [PMID: 34141616 PMCID: PMC8204019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, radiation therapy is one of the standard therapies for cancer treatment. Since the first applications, the field of radiotherapy has constantly improved, both in imaging technologies and from a dose-painting point of view. Despite this, the mechanisms of resistance are still a great problem to overcome. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of these molecular mechanisms will allow researchers to develop new therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer effectively. This review focuses on different transcription factors activated in response to radiotherapy and, unfortunately, involved in cancer cells’ survival. In particular, ionizing radiations trigger the activation of the immune modulators STAT3 and NF-κB, which contribute to the development of radiation resistance through the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, the promotion of proliferation, the alteration of the cell cycle, and the induction of genes responsible for the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Moreover, the ROS-dependent damaging effects of radiation therapy are hampered by the induction of antioxidant enzymes by NF-κB, NRF2, and HIF-1. This protective process results in a reduced effectiveness of the treatment, whose mechanism of action relies mainly on the generation of free oxygen radicals. Furthermore, the previously mentioned transcription factors are also involved in the maintenance of stemness in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that are intrinsically resistant to anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, combining standard treatments with new therapeutic strategies targeted against these transcription factors may be a promising opportunity to avoid resistance and thus tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galeaz
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Totis
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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16
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Novel Target Opportunities in Non-Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102426. [PMID: 34067832 PMCID: PMC8157020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly one third of men will incur biochemical recurrence after treatment for localized prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the therapeutic mainstay; however, some patients will transition to a castrate resistant state (castrate resistant prostate cancer, CRPC). Subjects with CRPC may develop symptomatic metastatic disease (mCRPC) and incur mortality several years later. Prior to metastatic disease, however, men acquire non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) which lends the unique opportunity for intervention to delay disease progression and symptoms. This review addresses current therapies for nmCRPC, as well as novel therapeutics and pathway strategies targeting men with nmCRPC.
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17
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Medda A, Duca D, Chiocca S. Human Papillomavirus and Cellular Pathways: Hits and Targets. Pathogens 2021; 10:262. [PMID: 33668730 PMCID: PMC7996217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of different kinds of tumors, including cervical cancers, non-melanoma skin cancers, anogenital cancers, and head and neck cancers. Despite the vaccination campaigns implemented over the last decades, we are far from eradicating HPV-driven malignancies. Moreover, the lack of targeted therapies to tackle HPV-related tumors exacerbates this problem. Biomarkers for early detection of the pathology and more tailored therapeutic approaches are needed, and a complete understanding of HPV-driven tumorigenesis is essential to reach this goal. In this review, we overview the molecular pathways implicated in HPV infection and carcinogenesis, emphasizing the potential targets for new therapeutic strategies as well as new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (D.D.)
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18
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Liu Z, Chen SS, Clarke S, Veschi V, Thiele CJ. Targeting MYCN in Pediatric and Adult Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623679. [PMID: 33628735 PMCID: PMC7898977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the MYC family of oncogenes, including c-MYC, MYCN and MYCL occurs in many types of cancers, and is frequently associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of functional studies have focused on c-MYC due to its broad expression profile in human cancers. The existence of highly conserved functional domains between MYCN and c-MYC suggests that MYCN participates in similar activities. MYC encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (TF) whose central oncogenic role in many human cancers makes it a highly desirable therapeutic target. Historically, as a TF, MYC has been regarded as “undruggable”. Thus, recent efforts focus on investigating methods to indirectly target MYC to achieve anti-tumor effects. This review will primarily summarize the recent progress in understanding the function of MYCN. It will explore efforts at targeting MYCN, including strategies aimed at suppression of MYCN transcription, destabilization of MYCN protein, inhibition of MYCN transcriptional activity, repression of MYCN targets and utilization of MYCN overexpression dependent synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel S Chen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Saki Clarke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Fumoto S, Yamamoto T, Okami K, Maemura Y, Terada C, Yamayoshi A, Nishida K. Understanding In Vivo Fate of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines for the Rational Design of Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020159. [PMID: 33530309 PMCID: PMC7911509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid and genetic medicines are increasingly being developed, owing to their potential to treat a variety of intractable diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the in vivo fate of these agents is vital for the rational design, discovery, and fast and straightforward development of the drugs. In case of intravascular administration of nucleic acids and genetic medicines, interaction with blood components, especially plasma proteins, is unavoidable. However, on the flip side, such interaction can be utilized wisely to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of the agents. In other words, plasma protein binding can help in suppressing the elimination of nucleic acids from the blood stream and deliver naked oligonucleotides and gene carriers into target cells. To control the distribution of these agents in the body, the ligand conjugation method is widely applied. It is also important to understand intracellular localization. In this context, endocytosis pathway, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport should be considered and discussed. Encapsulated nucleic acids and genes must be dissociated from the carriers to exert their activity. In this review, we summarize the in vivo fate of nucleic acid and gene medicines and provide guidelines for the rational design of drugs.
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20
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020603. [PMID: 33435349 PMCID: PMC7826746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is one of the most complex regulators of transcription. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been reported in many types of tumors and depends on mechanisms such as hyperactivation of receptors for pro-oncogenic cytokines and growth factors, loss of negative regulation, and excessive cytokine stimulation. In contrast, somatic STAT3 mutations are less frequent in cancer. Several oncogenic targets of STAT3 have been recently identified such as c-myc, c-Jun, PLK-1, Pim1/2, Bcl-2, VEGF, bFGF, and Cten, and inhibitors of STAT3 have been developed for cancer prevention and treatment. However, despite the oncogenic role of STAT3 having been widely demonstrated, an increasing amount of data indicate that STAT3 functions are multifaced and not easy to classify. In fact, the specific cellular role of STAT3 seems to be determined by the integration of multiple signals, by the oncogenic environment, and by the alternative splicing into two distinct isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. On the basis of these different conditions, STAT3 can act both as a potent tumor promoter or tumor suppressor factor. This implies that the therapies based on STAT3 modulators should be performed considering the pleiotropic functions of this transcription factor and tailored to the specific tumor type.
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21
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Ashrafizadeh M, Gholami MH, Mirzaei S, Zabolian A, Haddadi A, Farahani MV, Kashani SH, Hushmandi K, Najafi M, Zarrabi A, Ahn KS, Khan H. Dual relationship between long non-coding RNAs and STAT3 signaling in different cancers: New insight to proliferation and metastasis. Life Sci 2021; 270:119006. [PMID: 33421521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.119006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled growth and metastasis of cancer cells is an increasing challenge for overcoming cancer, and improving survival of patients. Complicated signaling networks account for proliferation and invasion of cancer cells that need to be elucidated for providing effective cancer therapy, and minimizing their malignancy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with a length of more than 200 nucleotides. They participate in cellular events, and their dysregulation in a common phenomenon in different cancers. Noteworthy, lncRNAs can regulate different molecular pathways, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of them. STAT3 is a tumor-promoting factors in cancers due to its role in cancer proliferation (cell cycle progression and apoptosis inhibition) and metastasis (EMT induction). LncRNAs can function as upstream mediators of STAT3 pathway, reducing/enhancing its expression. This dual relationship is of importance in affecting proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. The response of cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy is regulated by lncRNA/STAT3 axis. Tumor-promoting lncRNAs including NEAT1, SNHG3 and H19 induces STAT3 expression, while tumor-suppressing lncRNAs such as MEG3, PTCSC3 and NKILA down-regulate STAT3 expression. Noteworthy, upstream mediators of STAT3 such as microRNAs can be regulated by lncRNAs. These complicated signaling networks are mechanistically described in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Haddadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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22
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Aziz MA, Sarwar MS, Akter T, Uddin MS, Xun S, Zhu Y, Islam MS, Hongjie Z. Polyphenolic molecules targeting STAT3 pathway for the treatment of cancer. Life Sci 2021; 268:118999. [PMID: 33421525 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is accounted as the second-highest cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have consistently highlighted the role of natural polyphenolic compounds against various cancers. A plethora of potential bioactive polyphenolic molecules, primarily flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes, have been explored from the natural sources for their chemopreventive and chemoprotective activities. Moreover, combinations of these polyphenols with current chemotherapeutic agents have also demonstrated their strong role against both progression and resistance of malignancies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a ubiquitously-expressed signaling molecule in almost all body cells. Thousands of literatures have revealed that STAT3 plays significant roles in promoting the cellular proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosuppression as well as chemoresistance through the regulation of its downstream target genes such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, c-Myc and survivin. For its key role in cancer development, researchers considered STAT3 as a major target for cancer therapy that mainly focuses on abrogating the expression (activation or phosphorylation) of STAT3 in tumor cells both directly and indirectly. Polyphenolic molecules have explicated their protective actions in malignant cells via targeting STAT3 both in vitro and in vivo. In this article, we reviewed how polyphenolic compounds as well as their combinations with other chemotherapeutic drugs inhibit cancer cells by targeting STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Tahmina Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Song Xun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Zhang Hongjie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Lin Y, He Z, Ye J, Liu Z, She X, Gao X, Liang R. Progress in Understanding the IL-6/STAT3 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13023-13032. [PMID: 33376351 PMCID: PMC7762435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) not only regulates the cellular immune response, but it also promotes tumor development by activating multiple carcinogenic pathways. IL-6 expression is significantly elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is closely related to CRC development and patient prognosis. In CRC, IL-6 activates signal transducers and activators of transduction-3 (STAT3) to promote tumor initiation and tumor growth. IL-6/STAT3 signalling has a profound effect on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. Additionally, IL-6/STAT3 pathway activates downstream target genes to protect tumor cells from apoptosis; drive tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion and metastasis; promote tumor angiogenesis; and stimulate drug resistance. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the many effects of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in CRC is needed, which the present review examines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin She
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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24
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Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090977. [PMID: 32899142 PMCID: PMC7552066 DOI: 10.3390/v12090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, DNA viruses that cause around 5% of all cancers in humans, including almost all cervical cancer cases and a significant proportion of anogenital and oral cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signalling pathways to evade the immune response and promote virus persistence. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has emerged as a key mediator in a wide range of important biological signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell survival and the immune response. While STAT1 and STAT2 primarily drive immune signalling initiated by interferons, STAT3 and STAT5 have widely been linked to the survival and proliferative potential of a number of cancers. As such, the inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5 may offer a therapeutic benefit in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we will discuss how HPV manipulates JAK/STAT signalling to evade the immune system and promote cell proliferation, enabling viral persistence and driving cancer development. We also discuss approaches to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and how these could potentially be used in the treatment of HPV-associated disease.
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25
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Njatcha C, Farooqui M, Almotlak AA, Siegfried JM. Prevention of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumor Development by a Novel STAT3 Decoy Inhibitor. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:735-746. [PMID: 32655003 PMCID: PMC7485626 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The STAT3 pathway is frequently overactive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an often fatal disease with known risk factors including tobacco and chemical exposures. Whether STAT3 can be downmodulated to delay or prevent development of lung cancer resulting from an environmental exposure has not been previously tested. A circular oligonucleotide STAT3 decoy (CS3D) was used to treat mice previously exposed to the tobacco carcinogen nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. CS3D contains a double-stranded STAT3 DNA response element sequence and interrupts STAT3 signaling by binding to STAT3 dimers, rendering them unable to initiate transcription at native STAT3 DNA binding sites. An intermittent course of CS3D decreased the development of airway preneoplasias by 42% at 1 week posttreatment, reduced the progression of preneoplasia to adenomas by 54% at 8 weeks posttreatment, and reduced the size and number of resulting lung tumors by 49.7% and 29.5%, respectively, at 20 weeks posttreatment. No toxicity was detected. A mutant cyclic oligonucleotide with no STAT3 binding ability was used as a control. Chemopreventive effects were independent of the KRAS mutational status of the tumors. In lungs harvested during and after the treatment course with CS3D, airway preneoplasias had reduced STAT3 signaling. Chemopreventive effects were accompanied by decreased VEGFA expression, ablated IL6, COX-2, and p-NF-κB, and decreased pulmonary M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, downmodulation of STAT3 activity using a decoy molecule both reduced oncogenic signaling in the airway epithelium and favored a lung microenvironment with reduced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Njatcha
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mariya Farooqui
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Abdulaziz A Almotlak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Tang L, Xu M, Zhang L, Qu L, Liu X. Role of αVβ3 in Prostate Cancer: Metastasis Initiator and Important Therapeutic Target. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7411-7422. [PMID: 32801764 PMCID: PMC7395689 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s258252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer, distant organ metastasis is the leading cause of patient death. Although the mechanism of malignant tumor metastasis is unclear, studies have confirmed that integrin αVβ3 plays an important role in this process. In prostate cancer, αVβ3 mediates adhesion, invasion, immune escape and neovascularization through interactions with different ligands. Among these ligands and in addition to proteins that are directly related to tumor invasion, other proteins that contain the RGD structure could also bind to αVβ3 and cause a number of biological effects. In this article, we summarized the ligand and downstream proteins related to αVβ3-mediated prostate cancer metastasis as well as some diagnostic and therapeutic measures targeting αVβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, The Inner Mongol Autonomous Region 024005, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, People's Republic of China.,R&D Department, Seekgene Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshan Hospital of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
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27
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de Araujo ED, Keserű GM, Gunning PT, Moriggl R. Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2002. [PMID: 32707820 PMCID: PMC7465272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the mutational landscape of the human cancer genome coding regions defined about 140 distinct cancer driver genes in 2013, which approximately doubled to 300 in 2018 following advances in systems cancer biology studies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin D. de Araujo
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
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