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Chen Y, Chen Z, Cao J, Lin L, Li J. Severe and continuous immunoparesis during induction or maintenance therapy in nontransplant patients with multiple myeloma is a sign of poor prognosis. Hematology 2024; 29:2329378. [PMID: 38470208 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2329378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma (MM) varies in clinical behavior, response to treatment and prognosis due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Data on the association between the immunoparesis status during treatment and prognosis in nontransplant MM patients are limited. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 142 patients with MM, we examined the relationship between immunoparesis status and prognosis during treatment. All patients received novel agent-based therapy and did not undergo autologous stem cell transplantation. One, two, or three uninvolved immunoglobulins (Igs) below the lowest thresholds of normalcy were used to identify immunoparesis. RESULTS Patients with a greater degree of immunoparesis during treatment had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 46.5% of the patients had severe and continuous immunoparesis (at least two uninvolved Igs suppressed continuously during treatment), representing a worse prognosis than those with complete or partial normalization of Igs during treatment. Among patients who achieved at least complete remission, PFS was poor in patients with severe and continuous immunoparesis. Furthermore, severe and continuous immunoparesis during treatment was a poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS according to multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION The degree of immunoparesis during treatment is a follow-up indicator for survival in nontransplant myeloma patients, and severe and continuous immunoparesis in nontransplant myeloma patients might be a sign of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lakhwani S, Rosiñol L, Puig N, Pico-Picos MA, Medina-González L, Martínez-López J, Paiva B, Cedena MT, Oriol A, Ríos-Tamayo R, Blanchard MJ, Jarque I, Bargay J, Moraleda JM, Carrillo-Cruz E, Sureda A, Krsnik I, González E, Casado LF, Martí JM, Encinas C, De Arriba F, Palomera L, Sampol A, González-Montes Y, Motlló C, De La Cruz J, Alonso R, Mateos MV, Bladé J, Lahuerta JJ, San-Miguel J, Hernández MT. Recovery of uninvolved heavy/light chain pair immunoparesis in newly diagnosed transplant-eligible myeloma patients complements the prognostic value of minimal residual disease detection. Haematologica 2024; 109:1909-1917. [PMID: 38031761 PMCID: PMC11141681 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoparesis (IP) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients can be measured by classic assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) levels or by analysis of the uninvolved heavy/light chain pair of the same immunoglobulin (uHLC) by the Hevylite® assay. In this study we evaluate the prognostic value of recovery from IP measured by classic total Ig and uHLC assessment in newly diagnosed MM transplant-eligible (NDMM-TE) patients with intensive treatment and its association with minimal residual disease (MRD). Patients were enrolled and treated in the PETHEMA/GEM2012MENOS65 trial and continued in the PETHEMA /GEM2014MAIN trial. Total Ig (IgG, IgA and IgM) and uHLC were analyzed in a central laboratory at diagnosis, after consolidation treatment and after the first year of maintenance. MRD was analyzed by next-generation flow cytometry after consolidation (sensitivity level 2x10-6). We found no differences in progression-free survival (PFS) between patients who recovered and patients who didn't recover from IP after consolidation when examining classic total Ig and uHLC. However, after the first year of maintenance, in contrast to patients with classic IP, patients with recovery from uHLC IP had longer PFS than patients without recovery, with hazard ratio of 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21-0.81; P=0.008). Multivariate analysis with Cox proportional-hazards regression models confirmed recovery from uHLC IP after the first year of maintenance as an independent prognostic factor for PFS, with an increase in C-statistic of 0.05 (95% CI: -0.04 to 0.14; P<0.001) when adding uHLC IP recovery. Moreover, we observed that MRD status and uHLC IP recovery affords complementary information for risk stratification. In conclusion, recovery from uHLC IP after 1 year of maintenance is an independent prognostic factor for PFS in NDMM-TE patients who receive intensive treatment. Immune reconstitution, measured as recovery from uHLC IP, provides complementary prognostic information to MRD assessment (clinicaltrials gov. Identifiers: NCT01916252 and NCT02406144).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Lakhwani
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife.
| | - Laura Rosiñol
- Amyloidosis and Myeloma Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona
| | - Noemí Puig
- University Hospital of Salamanca/IBSAL/CIC/CIBERONC, Salamanca
| | | | | | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Pamplona
| | | | - Albert Oriol
- Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Institut Josep Carreras, Badalona
| | | | | | | | - Joan Bargay
- Hospital Son Llàtzer, IdIsBa, Palma de Mallorca
| | - José-María Moraleda
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia, Murcia
| | - Estrella Carrillo-Cruz
- Hospital Universitario V. Rocio, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) / CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla
| | - Anna Sureda
- Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia - L'Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe De Arriba
- Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia
| | - Luis Palomera
- Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza
| | | | | | | | - Javier De La Cruz
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid
| | | | | | - Joan Bladé
- Amyloidosis and Myeloma Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona
| | - Juan-José Lahuerta
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid
| | - Jesús San-Miguel
- Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Pamplona
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Kubicki T, Dytfeld D, Wróbel T, Jamroziak K, Robak P, Czyż J, Tyczyńska A, Druzd-Sitek A, Giannopoulos K, Szczepaniak T, Łojko-Dankowska A, Matuszak M, Gil L, Puła B, Rybka J, Majcherek M, Usnarska-Zubkiewicz L, Szukalski Ł, Zaucha JM, Mikulski D, Czabak O, Lahoud OB, Stefka A, Derman BA, Jakubowiak AJ. Polyclonal immunoglobulin recovery in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma receiving maintenance therapy after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with either carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone or lenalidomide alone: Subanalysis of the randomized phase 3 ATLAS trial. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:792-802. [PMID: 37691005 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that postautologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) recovery of polyclonal immunoglobulin from immunoparesis in patients with multiple myeloma is a positive prognostic marker. We performed a longitudinal analysis of polyclonal immunoglobulin concentrations and unique B-cell sequences in patients enrolled in the phase 3 ATLAS trial that randomized 180 subjects to either carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRd) or lenalidomide (R) maintenance. In the KRd arm, standard-risk patients with minimal residual disease negativity after six cycles de-escalated to R alone after cycle 8. One year from the initiation of maintenance at least partial recovery of polyclonal immunoglobulin was observed in more patients on the R arm (58/66, p < 0.001) and in those who de-escalated from KRd to R (27/38, p < 0.001) compared to the KRd arm (9/36). In patients who switched from KRd to R, the concentrations of uninvolved immunoglobulin and the number of B-cell unique sequences increased over time, approaching values observed in the R arm. There were no differences in progression-free survival between the patients with at least partial immunoglobulin recovery and the remaining population. Our analysis indicates that patients receiving continuous therapy after ASCT experience prolonged immunoparesis, limiting prognostic significance of polyclonal immunoglobulin recovery in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Kubicki
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jarosław Czyż
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lidia Gil
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Łukasz Szukalski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Olga Czabak
- Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Oscar B Lahoud
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Mizuguchi M, Okamoto Y, Yagi H, Kagawa K, Sekimoto E, Shibata H, Shigekiyo T, Ozaki S. Clinical relevance of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and the second revision of the International Staging System (R2-ISS) in patients with multiple myeloma in clinical practice. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:718-728. [PMID: 36692689 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs) are the most critical factor affecting prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the clinical significance of HRCAs in routine practice has not been fully elucidated. We retrospectively analyzed clinical features and outcome in 60 newly diagnosed MM patients with or without HRCAs including t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), and 1q gain/amplification. The median age was 71 years (range, 35-90). Abnormalities with t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), and 1q gain/amplification were found in 10, 1, 6, and 21/14 patients, respectively, and 10 patients had ≥ 2 HRCAs. Patients with HRCAs exhibited progressive clinical features such as anemia, high β2-microglobulin, and high LDH. Symptomatic relapse was more common in patients with HRCAs. The median progression-free survival (PFS) by number of HRCAs (0, 1, and ≥ 2) was 51.7, 21.4, and 26.1 months (p = 0.011), and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached, 60.7, and 46.8 months (p = 0.045), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that HRCAs were an independent factor for PFS. Accordingly, the second revision of International Staging System (R2-ISS), which incorporates HRCA scores, was more useful for prognostic stratification (p = 0.0023). These results suggest that presence of multiple HRCAs including 1q gain/amplification is associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in clinical practice as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Mizuguchi
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yagi
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sekimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tenma Hospital, 1-5-1 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-0042, Japan
| | - Hironobu Shibata
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Toshio Shigekiyo
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan.
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5
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Ozaki S. Multiple myeloma treatment - should be continued or not? Br J Haematol 2022; 198:223-224. [PMID: 35468218 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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6
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Basiri P, Afshar S, Amini R, Soltanian AR, Saidijam M, Mahdavinezhad A. Evaluation of miR-330-3p and BMI1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Patients, Healthy Adjacent Tissues, and Polypoid Adenomatous Lesions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2022; 11:334-345. [PMID: 37727645 PMCID: PMC10506674 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as essential gene expression regulators associated with human diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-330-3p and its target gene BMI1 in tissue samples of patients with CRC, polyp, and healthy adjacent tissue samples and their association with clinicopathological and demographic factors such as age, tumor stage, grade, and lymph node invasion of the tumor. Following the extraction of total RNA from approximately 50 mg of colon and rectum tissue of 82 patients with CRC, 13 polypoid lesions, and 26 marginal healthy tissues using RiboEx reagent, cDNA synthesis was performed, and then quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-330-3p and BMI1. Alterations in the gene expression were assessed using the 2(-∆∆ CT) method. The expression of miR-330-3p in all of the CRC samples was significantly lower than in adjacent healthy tissues and polyp (P<0.001). BMI1 was up-regulated in 97.9% of CRC tissue compared to healthy adjacent tissues and polyps (P<0.001). A negative reverse correlation between the miR-330-3p and BMI1 gene was observed in the CRC samples (r= -0.882, P<0.001). Down-regulation of miR-330-3p and BMI1 overexpression strongly correlates with higher tumor stage and lymph node invasion. The AUC for miR-330-3p and BMI1expression was 0.982 (sensitivity, 98.5%; specificity, 78.8%), and 0.971 (sensitivity, 97.6%; specificity, 84.6%) (P<0.001), respectively. Our results indicated that miR-330-3p and BMI1 expression probably could be considered potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for CRC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Basiri
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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7
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Klein EM, Tichy D, Salwender HJ, Mai EK, Duerig J, Weisel KC, Benner A, Bertsch U, Akhavanpoor M, Besemer B, Munder M, Lindemann HW, Hose D, Seckinger A, Luntz S, Jauch A, Elmaagacli A, Fuhrmann S, Brossart P, Goerner M, Bernhard H, Raab MS, Blau IW, Haenel M, Scheid C, Goldschmidt H. Prognostic Impact of Serum Free Light Chain Ratio Normalization in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated within the GMMG-MM5 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194856. [PMID: 34638344 PMCID: PMC8507729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For multiple myeloma (MM) patients with measurable disease, there is no recommendation to monitor serum free light chains during therapy. However, this could provide important information in terms of prognosis. We investigated the prognostic impact of serum free light chain ratio (FLCr) normalization in 590 patients with secretory MM during first-line treatment within the German-Speaking Myeloma Multicenter Group MM5 trial. We are able to show that there is an increasing percentage of patients who achieve FLCr normalization during therapy. Importantly, we demonstrate that FLCr normalization at any time before the start of maintenance is significantly associated with prolonged progression-free and overall survival in multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analyses. This suggests that FLCr normalization during therapy is an important and simple way to assess prognostic factor in MM and supports the serial measurement of serum free light chains during therapy, even in patients with secretory MM. Abstract We investigated the prognostic impact of time-dependent serum free light chain ratio (FLCr) normalization in 590 patients with secretory multiple myeloma (MM) during first-line treatment within the German-Speaking Myeloma Multicenter Group MM5 trial. Serum free light chains (sFLC) were assessed by the Freelite test at baseline, after induction, mobilization, autologous blood stem cell transplantation, consolidation and every three months during maintenance or follow up within two years after the start of maintenance. The proportion of patients with a normal or normalized FLCr increased from 3.6% at baseline to 23.2% after induction and 64.7% after consolidation. The achievement of FLCr normalization at any one time before the start of maintenance was associated with significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.01, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.47–0.79) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.02, HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.93) in multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, reaching immune reconstitution, defined as the normalization of uninvolved immunoglobulins, before maintenance was associated with superior PFS (p = 0.04, HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60–0.99) and OS (p = 0.01, HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41–0.86). We conclude that FLCr normalization during therapy is an important favorable prognostic factor in MM. Therefore, we recommend serial measurements of sFLC during therapy until achieving FLCr normalization, even in patients with secretory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Klein
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Klinikum Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-911-398-114957
| | - Diana Tichy
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Hans J. Salwender
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, AK Altona and AK St. Georg, 22763 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Elias K. Mai
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Jan Duerig
- Department of Hematology, University Clinic Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Katja C. Weisel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Uta Bertsch
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mabast Akhavanpoor
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Britta Besemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Markus Munder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hans-Walter Lindemann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Katholisches Krankenhaus Hagen, 58097 Hagen, Germany;
| | - Dirk Hose
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Steffen Luntz
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials (KKS) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ahmet Elmaagacli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Asklepios Hospital Hamburg St. Georg, 20099 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Stephan Fuhrmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Helios Hospital Berlin Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Martin Goerner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Klinikum Bielefeld, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Helga Bernhard
- Internal Medicine V, Klinikum Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Marc S. Raab
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Igor W. Blau
- Medical Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Mathias Haenel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Christof Scheid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.K.M.); (U.B.); (M.A.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Latest Development in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092544. [PMID: 32906677 PMCID: PMC7563652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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