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Yeşildağ A, Kızıloğlu HT, Dirican E, Erbaş E, Gelen V, Kara A. Anticarcinogenic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Metformin Against MCF-7 and A549 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4494-4507. [PMID: 38358644 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is commonly prescribed to people with diabetes. Metformin has been shown in previous studies to be able to prevent the growth of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the effects of metformin and gold nanoparticles in MCF7 breast cancer and A549 lung cell lines. The effects of metformin and gold nanoparticles on MCF7 breast cancer and A549 lung cells were determined on cells grown in 24 h cell culture. MCF-7 and A549 cells were incubated for 24 h with the treatment of escalating molar concentrations of ifosfamide. The MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of metformin toward MCF7 and A549 cell lines. The expression of Bax, BCL2, PI3K, Akt3, mTOR, Hsp60, Hsp70, and TNF-α was measured by RT-PCR. Metformin and gold nanoparticles inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and A549 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 5 µM and 10 µg/mL. RT-PCR assays showed ifosfamide + metformin + gold nanoparticles significantly reduced the expression of BCL2, PI3K, Akt3, mTOR, Hsp60 and Hsp70 and increased the expression of TNF-α and Bax. The findings obtained in this study suggest that further studies should be conducted, and metformin and gold nanoparticles can be used in breast cancer and lung cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yeşildağ
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Halime Topal Kızıloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edabali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Elif Erbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Volkan Gelen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Adem Kara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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2
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Chai X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Feng K, Jiang Y, Zhu A, Chen X, Di L, Wang R. Tumor Metabolism: A New Field for the Treatment of Glioma. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1116-1141. [PMID: 39013195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of glioma remains relatively immature. Commonly used clinical treatments for gliomas are surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but there is a problem of drug resistance. In addition, immunotherapy and targeted therapies also suffer from the problem of immune evasion. The advent of metabolic therapy holds immense potential for advancing more efficacious and tolerable therapies against this aggressive disease. Metabolic therapy alters the metabolic processes of tumor cells at the molecular level to inhibit tumor growth and spread, and lead to better outcomes for patients with glioma that are insensitive to conventional treatments. Moreover, compared with conventional therapy, it has less impact on normal cells, less toxicity and side effects, and higher safety. The objective of this review is to examine the changes in metabolic characteristics throughout the development of glioma, enumerate the current methodologies employed for studying tumor metabolism, and highlight the metabolic reprogramming pathways of glioma along with their potential molecular mechanisms. Importantly, it seeks to elucidate potential metabolic targets for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy and summarize effective combination treatment strategies based on various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kuanhan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingyu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Anran Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
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Bayoumi M, Youshia J, Arafa MG, Nasr M, Sammour OA. Nanocarriers for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: A succinct review of conventional and repositioned drugs in the last decade. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400343. [PMID: 39074966 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a very combative and threatening type of cancer. The standard course of treatment involves excising the tumor surgically, then administering chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier and the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy is extremely difficult and has a high incidence of relapse. With their capacity to precisely target and transport therapeutic medications to the tumor while overcoming the challenges provided by invasive and infiltrative gliomas, nanocarriers offer a potentially beneficial treatment option for gliomas. Drug repositioning or, in other words, finding novel therapeutic uses for medications that have received approval for previous uses has also recently emerged to provide alternative treatments for many diseases, with glioblastoma being among them. In this article, our goal is to shed light on the pathogenesis of glioma and summarize the proposed treatment approaches in the last decade, highlighting how combining repositioned drugs and nanocarriers technology can reduce drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in primary glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - John Youshia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Dixon S, O'connor AT, Brooks-Noreiga C, Clark MA, Levy A, Castejon AM. Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 94:1-23. [PMID: 38914751 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and incurable disease accounting for about 10,000 deaths in the USA each year. Despite the current treatment approach which includes surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there remains a high prevalence of recurrence. Notable improvements have been observed in persons receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs such as renin angiotensin inhibitors (RAS) or the antidiabetic drug metformin with standard therapy. Anti-tumoral effects of RAS inhibitors and metformin have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Although clinical trials have shown mixed results, the potential for the use of RAS inhibitors and metformin as adjuvant GBM therapy remains promising. Nevertheless, evidence suggest that these drugs exert multimodal antitumor actions; by particularly targeting several cancer hallmarks. In this review, we highlight the results of clinical studies using multidrug cocktails containing RAS inhibitors and or metformin added to standard therapy for GBM. In addition, we highlight the possible molecular mechanisms by which these repurposed drugs with an excellent safety profile might elicit their anti-tumoral effects. RAS inhibition elicits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immune sensitivity effects in GBM. However, metformin promotes anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects mainly through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Also, we discussed metformin's potential in targeting both GBM cells as well as GBM associated-stem cells. Finally, we summarize a few drug interactions that may cause an additive or antagonistic effect that may lead to adverse effects and influence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashana Dixon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| | - Ann Tenneil O'connor
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Chloe Brooks-Noreiga
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Arkene Levy
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ana M Castejon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Tsuji S, Kudo U, Hatakeyama R, Shoda K, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M. Linagliptin decreased the tumor progression on glioblastoma model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149897. [PMID: 38608433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic drugs and are used for type II diabetes. Previous studies showed that DPP-4 expression is observed in several tumor types and DPP-4 inhibitors suppress the tumor progression on murine tumor models. In this study, we evaluated the role of DPP-4 and the antitumor effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, on glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS We analyzed DPP-4 expression in glioma patients by the public database. We also analyzed DPP-4 expression in GBM cells and the murine GBM model. Then, we evaluated the cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration, and expression of some proteins on GBM cells with linagliptin. Furthermore, we evaluated the antitumor effect of linagliptin in the murine GBM model. RESULTS The upregulation of DPP-4 expression were observed in human GBM tissue and murine GBM model. In addition, DPP-4 expression levels were found to positively correlate with the grade of glioma patients. Linagliptin suppressed cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell migration in GBM cells. Linagliptin changed the expression of phosphorylated NF-kB, cell cycle, and cell adhesion-related proteins. Furthermore, oral administration of linagliptin decreases the tumor progression in the murine GBM model. CONCLUSION Inhibition of DPP-4 by linagliptin showed the antitumor effect on GBM cells and the murine GBM model. The antitumor effects of linagliptin is suggested to be based on the changes in the expression of several proteins related to cell cycle and cell adhesion via the regulation of phosphorylated NF-kB. This study suggested that DPP-4 inhibitors could be a new therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tsuji
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Urara Kudo
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatakeyama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Shoda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Shah S, Mansour HM, Aguilar TM, Lucke-Wold B. Advances in Anti-Cancer Drug Development: Metformin as Anti-Angiogenic Supplemental Treatment for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5694. [PMID: 38891882 PMCID: PMC11171521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO 2016 classification, glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary tumor in the adult central nervous system (CNS) and is categorized as grade IV. With an average lifespan of about 15 months from diagnosis, glioblastoma has a poor prognosis and presents a significant treatment challenge. Aberrant angiogenesis, which promotes tumor neovascularization and is a prospective target for molecular target treatment, is one of its unique and aggressive characteristics. Recently, the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) within the tumor, which are tolerant to chemotherapy and radiation, has been linked to the highly aggressive form of glioblastoma. Anti-angiogenic medications have not significantly improved overall survival (OS), despite various preclinical investigations and clinical trials demonstrating encouraging results. This suggests the need to discover new treatment options. Glioblastoma is one of the numerous cancers for which metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic medication belonging to the Biguanides family, is used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it has shown both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activity. Based on these findings, the medication has been repurposed, which has shown the inhibition of many oncopromoter mechanisms and, as a result, identified the molecular pathways involved. Metformin inhibits cancer cell growth by blocking the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 pathway, leading to selective cell death in GSCs and inhibiting the proliferation of CD133+ cells. It has minimal impact on differentiated glioblastoma cells and normal human stem cells. The systematic retrieval of information was performed on PubMed. A total of 106 articles were found in a search on metformin for glioblastoma. Out of these six articles were Meta-analyses, Randomized Controlled Trials, clinical trials, and Systematic Reviews. The rest were Literature review articles. These articles were from the years 2011 to 2024. Appropriate studies were isolated, and important information from each of them was understood and entered into a database from which the information was used in this article. The clinical trials on metformin use in the treatment of glioblastoma were searched on clinicaltrials.gov. In this article, we examine and evaluate metformin's possible anti-tumoral effects on glioblastoma, determining whether or not it may appropriately function as an anti-angiogenic substance and be safely added to the treatment and management of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (S.S.)
| | - Hadeel M. Mansour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (S.S.)
| | - Tania M. Aguilar
- College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (S.S.)
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7
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Abbasi R, Nejati V, Rezaie J. Exosomes biogenesis was increased in metformin-treated human ovary cancer cells; possibly to mediate resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:137. [PMID: 38627767 PMCID: PMC11022479 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes derived from tumor cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cancers. Metformin, the most usually used drug for type 2 diabetes, has been frequently investigated for anticancer effects. Here, we examined whether metformin affects exosomes signaling in human ovary cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human ovary cancer cells, including A2780 and Skov3 cells, were treated with metformin for either 24-48 h. Cell viability and caspase-3 activity were determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and colorimetric assays respectively. Oil-Red-O staining and in vitro, scratch assays were used to examine cellular toxicity and wound healing rate. After treatment with metformin, exosomes were isolated from cells and quantified by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and their markers. Genes related to exosomes signaling were analyzed by real-time PCR or western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that metformin decreased the viability of both cells dose/time-dependently (P < 0.05). Metformin increased the activity of caspase-3 (P < 0.05) as well as the number of Oil-Red-O positive cells in both cell lines. In vitro scratch assay showed that the cell migration rate of metformin-treated cells was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas AChE activity of exosomes from metformin-treated cells was increased (P < 0.05). Concurrent with an increase in CD63 protein levels, expression of Alix, CD63, CD81, Lamp-2, and Rab27b up-regulated in treated cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Results indicated that metformin had a cytotoxic effect on ovary cancer cells and enhanced exosome biogenesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Li HY, Feng YH, Lin CL, Hsu TI. Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Temozolomide Resistance: Unraveling the Complex Interplay and Therapeutic Strategies in Glioblastoma. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101836. [PMID: 38158149 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor, with temozolomide (TMZ) being the standard chemotherapeutic agent for its treatment. However, TMZ resistance often develops, limiting its therapeutic efficacy and contributing to poor patient outcomes. Recent evidence highlights the crucial role of mitochondria in the development of TMZ resistance through various mechanisms, including alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis regulation, biogenesis, dynamics, stress response, and mtDNA mutations. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in TMZ resistance and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms to overcome resistance in GBM. We explore the current state of clinical trials targeting mitochondria or related pathways in primary GBM or recurrent GBM, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. Understanding the complex interplay between mitochondria and TMZ resistance will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve the prognosis for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | | | | | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan; International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Ferreira MY, Thomaz de Assis EB, Batista S, Palavani LB, Verly G, Corrêa EM, Mitre LP, Sales de Oliveira J, Bertani R, Moreno DA, Polverini AD. Survival Impact of Combined Biguanide and Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:239-245.e2. [PMID: 38184227 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor known for its poor prognosis. Despite extensive research into its molecular and clinical aspects, the current management strategies have shown limited efficacy in improving survival rate. Despite some preclinical studies exploring the combination of temozolomide (TMZ) with biguanides such as metformin (MET) and others, the potential benefits of this combination remain uncertain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the overall survival (OS) in GBM murine-models treated with a combination of TMZ + biguanide compared to those treated with TMZ alone. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Lilacs databases for studies comparing TMZ + biguanide versus TMZ alone in GBM models and reporting OS data. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval and random-effects model was adopted. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis comprised 6 studies involving 85 rat-models, with 45 subjects undergoing combined-treatment. GBM-murine models treated with TMZ + biguanide exhibited notably superior OS rates compared to those who received TMZ alone, showing an MD of 21.0 days (6.9-35.0). Within the subgroup of orthotopic models, the OS was also significantly better in combination-therapy with an MD of 23.7 days (6.5-40.9). Similarly, in the subgroup where MET was used as biguanide therapy, TMZ + MET demonstrated a significant increase in OS, with an MD of 27.4 days (6.0-48.8). In immunocompromised models, the combination-therapy also exhibited higher survival rates, with an MD of 13 days (9.4-16.6). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence regarding the beneficial effects of TMZ + biguanide in GBM models compared with TMZ alone, resulting in a significant improvement in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Yuri Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Surgery of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Savio Batista
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucca B Palavani
- Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck University Center, Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Verly
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mendes Corrêa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pari Mitre
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Bertani
- Department of Neurosurgery, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Bao Q, Yu X, Qi X. Integrated analysis of single-cell sequencing and weighted co-expression network identifies a novel signature based on cellular senescence-related genes to predict prognosis in glioblastoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:643-656. [PMID: 37565732 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive cancer with heavy mortality rates and poor prognosis. Cellular senescence exerts a pivotal influence on the development and progression of various cancers. However, the underlying effect of cellular senescence on the outcomes of patients with GBM remains to be elucidated. METHODS Transcriptome RNA sequencing data with clinical information and single-cell sequencing data of GBM cases were obtained from CGGA, TCGA, and GEO (GSE84465) databases respectively. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) analysis was utilized to calculate the cellular senescence score. WGCNA analysis was employed to ascertain the key gene modules and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the cellular senescence score in GBM. The prognostic senescence-related risk model was developed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. The immune infiltration level was calculated by microenvironment cell populations counter (MCPcounter), ssGSEA, and xCell algorithms. Potential anti-cancer small molecular compounds of GBM were estimated by "oncoPredict" R package. RESULTS A total of 150 DEGs were selected from the pink module through WGCNA analysis. The risk-scoring model was constructed based on 5 cell senescence-associated genes (CCDC151, DRC1, C2orf73, CCDC13, and WDR63). Patients in low-risk group had a better prognostic value compared to those in high-risk group. The nomogram exhibited excellent predictive performance in assessing the survival outcomes of patients with GBM. Top 30 potential anti-cancer small molecular compounds with higher drug sensitivity scores were predicted. CONCLUSION Cellular senescence-related genes and clusters in GBM have the potential to provide valuable insights in prognosis and guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Trejo-Solis C, Silva-Adaya D, Serrano-García N, Magaña-Maldonado R, Jimenez-Farfan D, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Cruz-Salgado A, Castillo-Rodriguez RA. Role of Glycolytic and Glutamine Metabolism Reprogramming on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis Resistance through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17633. [PMID: 38139462 PMCID: PMC10744281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells exhibit genetic and metabolic alterations that affect the deregulation of several cellular signal transduction pathways, including those related to glucose metabolism. Moreover, oncogenic signaling pathways induce the expression of metabolic genes, increasing the metabolic enzyme activities and thus the critical biosynthetic pathways to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates that are essential to accomplish the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes and their metabolites from primary metabolism pathways in glioblastoma (GBM) such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis modulate anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways as well as pro-oncogenic signaling and contribute to the formation, survival, growth, and malignancy of glioma cells. Also, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies by targeting the key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, the knowledge of metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully understand the biology of malignant gliomas to improve patient survival significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
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12
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Popović DJ, Popović KJ, Miljković D, Popović JK, Lalošević D, Poša M, Dolićanin Z, Čapo I. Diclofenac and metformin synergistic dose dependent inhibition of hamster fibrosarcoma, rescued with mebendazole. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115528. [PMID: 37738800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether combinig diclofenac and metformin in doses equivalent to human doses would synergize their anticancer activity on fibrosarcoma inoculated to hamsters and in vitro. Rescue experiment was performed to examine whether the prosurvival NF-κB stimulation by mebendazole can reverse anticancer effects of the treatment. BHK-21/C13 cell culture was subcutaneously inoculated to Syrian golden hamsters randomly divided into groups (6 animals per group): 1) untreated control; treated daily with 2) diclofenac; 3) metformin; 4) combinations of diclofenac and metformin at various doses; 5) combination of diclofenac, metformin and mebendazole; 6) mebendazole. Dose response curves were made for diclofenac and metformin combination. Tumor growth kinetics, biophysical, pathological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of excised tumors and hamster organs as well as biochemical and hematological blood tests were compared among the groups. Single treatments had no anticancer effects. Diclofenac (60 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) synergistic inhibitory effect with metformin (500 mg/kg/day) on all tumor growth parameters, without toxicity and influence on biochemical and hematological blood tests. The same results were obtained with double doses of diclofenac and metformin combination. The addition of mebendazole to the diclofenac and metformin combination rescued tumor expansion. Furthermore, diclofenac with metformin demonstrated antiproliferative effects in hamster fibrosarcoma BHK-21/C13, human lung carcinoma A549 (CCL-185), colon carcinoma HT-29 (HTB-38) and cervical carcinoma HeLa (CCL-2) cell cultures, with markedly lower cytotoxicity in the normal fetal lung MRC-5 cells. In conclusion, diclofenac and metformin combination may be recommended for potential use in oncology, due to synergistic anticancer effect in doses achievable in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica J Popović
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Kosta J Popović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan K Popović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Academy of Medical Sciences of the Serbian Medical Society, 19 George Washington str.,11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dušan Lalošević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihalj Poša
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolićanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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13
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Chen J, Rodriguez AS, Morales MA, Fang X. Autophagy Modulation and Its Implications on Glioblastoma Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8687-8703. [PMID: 37998723 PMCID: PMC10670099 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cellular process that functions to degrade and recycle damaged organelles into basic metabolites. This allows a cell to adapt to a diverse range of challenging conditions. Autophagy assists in maintaining homeostasis, and it is tightly regulated by the cell. The disruption of autophagy has been associated with many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This review will center its discussion on providing an in-depth analysis of the current molecular understanding of autophagy and its relevance to brain tumors. We will delve into the current literature regarding the role of autophagy in glioma pathogenesis by exploring the major pathways of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and summarizing the current therapeutic interventions and strategies for glioma treatment. These treatments will be evaluated on their potential for autophagy induction and the challenges associated with their utilization. By understanding the mechanism of autophagy, clinical applications for future therapeutics in treating gliomas can be better targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Andrea Salinas Rodriguez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Maximiliano Arath Morales
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Xiaoqian Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
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14
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Dewdney B, Jenkins MR, Best SA, Freytag S, Prasad K, Holst J, Endersby R, Johns TG. From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37857607 PMCID: PMC10587102 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a rare, and highly lethal form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients alike. Despite advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution, translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet need. This review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these pathways. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies, offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell surface. Combination strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical research. Moreover, gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Krishneel Prasad
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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15
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Pahwa B, Leskinen S, Didia E, Huda S, D'Amico RS. Role of nutritional adjuncts in the management of gliomas: A systematic review of literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 231:107853. [PMID: 37390567 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of dietary adjuncts are known to affect the pathophysiology of glioma, making them a potential therapeutic adjunct to standard of care. We systematically reviewed clinical outcomes in glioma patients treated with one or more nutritional adjunct and/or an antimetabolite drug. METHODOLOGY A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines was performed using Pubmed from inception till February 2023. In total, 22 manuscripts on nutrition representing 828 patients were included in the review. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the outcomes of various adjuncts. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) increased for newly diagnosed (21 months) and recurrent cases (10 months) when compared to historical data. For newly diagnosed cases, a ketogenic diet had the highest median OS of all the adjuncts (42.6 months) while in recurrent cases, a low copper diet coupled with 1 g penicillamine had the highest median OS (18.5 months). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in OS or progression-free survival (PFS) of newly diagnosed or recurrent gliomas. CONCLUSION While nutritional adjuncts may offer a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of glioma, more human subject research is needed to derive meaningful conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Pahwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sandra Leskinen
- State University of New York Downstate Medical School, New York, USA
| | | | - Shayan Huda
- City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Randy S D'Amico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Ding W, Liao L, Liu J, Zhao J, Tang Q, Liao Y. Lower dose of metformin combined with artesunate induced autophagy-dependent apoptosis of glioblastoma by activating ROS-AMPK-mTOR axis. Exp Cell Res 2023:113691. [PMID: 37399981 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM), one of the most common, aggressive primary brain tumours, demonstrates resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgical resection and treatment failure. Metformin (MET) has been shown to suppress the proliferative capacity and invasion ability of GBM cells by activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR, but the effective dose exceeded the maximum tolerated dose. Artesunate (ART) can exert certain anti-tumour effects by activating the AMPK-mTOR axis and inducing autophagy in tumour cells. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of MET combined with ART combination therapy on autophagy and apoptosis in GBM cells. MET combined with ART treatment effectively suppressed the viability, mono-cloning ability, migration and invasion capacities, as well as metastatic ability of GBM cells. The underlying mechanism involved modulation of the ROS-AMPK-mTOR axis, which was confirmed using 3-methyladenine and rapamycin to inhibit or promote the effects of MET combined with ART, respectively. The study findings suggest that MET used in combination with ART can induce autophagy-dependent apoptosis in GBM cells by activating the ROS-AMPK-mTOR pathway, providing a potential new treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Lingxiao Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Qiongyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongshi Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
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17
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Ibrahim RS, Ibrahim SS, El-Naas A, Koklesová L, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Could Metformin and Resveratrol Support Glioblastoma Treatment? A Mechanistic View at the Cellular Level. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3368. [PMID: 37444478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a malignant brain tumor, is a common primary brain tumor in adults, with diabetes mellitus being a crucial risk factor. This review examines how the antidiabetic drug metformin and dietary supplement resveratrol can benefit the treatment of glioblastoma. Metformin and resveratrol have demonstrated action against relevant pathways in cancer cells. Metformin and resveratrol inhibit cell proliferation by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, activating mTOR, and increasing AMPK phosphorylation, resulting in lower proliferation and higher apoptosis levels. Metformin and resveratrol both upregulate and inhibit different cascades in the MAPK pathway. In vivo, the drugs reduced tumor growth and volume. These actions show how metformin and resveratrol can combat cancer with both glucose-dependent and glucose-independent effects. The pre-clinical results, alongside the lack of clinical studies and the rise in novel delivery mechanisms, warrant further clinical investigations into the applications of metformin and resveratrol as both separate and as a combination complement to current glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed El-Naas
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Lenka Koklesová
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
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18
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Bernhard C, Reita D, Martin S, Entz-Werle N, Dontenwill M. Glioblastoma Metabolism: Insights and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119137. [PMID: 37298093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metabolism is emerging as a potential target for cancer therapies. This new approach holds particular promise for the treatment of glioblastoma, a highly lethal brain tumor that is resistant to conventional treatments, for which improving therapeutic strategies is a major challenge. The presence of glioma stem cells is a critical factor in therapy resistance, thus making it essential to eliminate these cells for the long-term survival of cancer patients. Recent advancements in our understanding of cancer metabolism have shown that glioblastoma metabolism is highly heterogeneous, and that cancer stem cells exhibit specific metabolic traits that support their unique functionality. The objective of this review is to examine the metabolic changes in glioblastoma and investigate the role of specific metabolic processes in tumorigenesis, as well as associated therapeutic approaches, with a particular focus on glioma stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bernhard
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67405 lllkirch, France
| | - Damien Reita
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67405 lllkirch, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67405 lllkirch, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67405 lllkirch, France
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67405 lllkirch, France
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19
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Kuduvalli SS, Daisy PS, Vaithy A, Purushothaman M, Ramachandran Muralidharan A, Agiesh KB, Mezger M, Antony JS, Subramani M, Dubashi B, Biswas I, Guruprasad KP, Anitha TS. A combination of metformin and epigallocatechin gallate potentiates glioma chemotherapy in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1096614. [PMID: 37025487 PMCID: PMC10070706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1096614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most devastating high-grade tumor of the central nervous system, with dismal prognosis. Existing treatment modality does not provide substantial benefit to patients and demands novel strategies. One of the first-line treatments for glioma, temozolomide, provides marginal benefit to glioma patients. Repurposing of existing non-cancer drugs to treat oncology patients is gaining momentum in recent years. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic benefits of combining three repurposed drugs, namely, metformin (anti-diabetic) and epigallocatechin gallate (green tea-derived antioxidant) together with temozolomide in a glioma-induced xenograft rat model. Our triple-drug combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo and increased the survival rate (50%) of rats when compared with individual or dual treatments. Molecular and cellular analyses revealed that our triple-drug cocktail treatment inhibited glioma tumor growth in rat model through ROS-mediated inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, arrest of the cell cycle at G1 phase and induction of molecular mechanisms of caspases-dependent apoptosis.In addition, the docking analysis and quantum mechanics studies performed here hypothesize that the effect of triple-drug combination could have been attributed by their difference in molecular interactions, that maybe due to varying electrostatic potential. Thus, repurposing metformin and epigallocatechin gallate and concurrent administration with temozolomide would serve as a prospective therapy in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S. Kuduvalli
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Precilla S. Daisy
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Anandraj Vaithy
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Arumugam Ramachandran Muralidharan
- Department of Visual Neurosciences, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Eye-APC, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kumar B. Agiesh
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Markus Mezger
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Department of General Paediatrics, Haematology /Oncology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justin S. Antony
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Department of General Paediatrics, Haematology /Oncology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Biswajit Dubashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Indrani Biswas
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - K. P. Guruprasad
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - T. S. Anitha
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
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20
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Fuentes-Fayos AC, G-García ME, Pérez-Gómez JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Martín-Colom J, Doval-Rosa C, Blanco-Acevedo C, Torres E, Toledano-Delgado Á, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Peralbo-Santaella E, Ortega-Salas RM, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Tena-Sempere M, López M, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Solivera J, Luque RM. Metformin and simvastatin exert additive antitumour effects in glioblastoma via senescence-state: clinical and translational evidence. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104484. [PMID: 36907105 PMCID: PMC10024193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating and incurable cancers due to its aggressive behaviour and lack of available therapies, being its overall-survival from diagnosis ∼14-months. Thus, identification of new therapeutic tools is urgently needed. Interestingly, metabolism-related drugs (e.g., metformin/statins) are emerging as efficient antitumour agents for several cancers. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro/in vivo effects of metformin and/or statins on key clinical/functional/molecular/signalling parameters in glioblastoma patients/cells. METHODS An exploratory-observational-randomized retrospective glioblastoma patient cohort (n = 85), human glioblastoma/non-tumour brain human cells (cell lines/patient-derived cell cultures), mouse astrocytes progenitor cell cultures, and a preclinical xenograft glioblastoma mouse model were used to measure key functional parameters, signalling-pathways and/or antitumour progression in response to metformin and/or simvastatin. FINDINGS Metformin and simvastatin exerted strong antitumour actions in glioblastoma cell cultures (i.e., proliferation/migration/tumoursphere/colony-formation/VEGF-secretion inhibition and apoptosis/senescence induction). Notably, their combination additively altered these functional parameters vs. individual treatments. These actions were mediated by the modulation of key oncogenic signalling-pathways (i.e., AKT/JAK-STAT/NF-κB/TGFβ-pathways). Interestingly, an enrichment analysis uncovered a TGFβ-pathway activation, together with AKT inactivation, in response to metformin + simvastatin combination, which might be linked to an induction of the senescence-state, the associated secretory-phenotype, and to the dysregulation of spliceosome components. Remarkably, the antitumour actions of metformin + simvastatin combination were also observed in vivo [i.e., association with longer overall-survival in human, and reduction in tumour-progression in a mouse model (reduced tumour-size/weight/mitosis-number, and increased apoptosis)]. INTERPRETATION Altogether, metformin and simvastatin reduce aggressiveness features in glioblastomas, being this effect significantly more effective (in vitro/in vivo) when both drugs are combined, offering a clinically relevant opportunity that should be tested for their use in humans. FUNDING Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; Junta de Andalucía; CIBERobn (CIBER is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Miguel E G-García
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Colom
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Doval-Rosa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Blanco-Acevedo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Encarnación Torres
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Toledano-Delgado
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Esther Peralbo-Santaella
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Flow Cytometry Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega-Salas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Solivera
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
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21
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de Ávila Narciso Gomes R, Marmolejo-Garza A, Haan FJ, García TM, Chen T, Mauthe M, Moreira Franco Parisotto YE, Murakami MM, Marie SKN, Baptista MS, Dolga AM, Trombetta-Lima M. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediates neuronal cell response to DMMB photodynamic therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119429. [PMID: 36608805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a process in which a photosensitizer (PS) is exposed to specific wavelengths and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which act within nanometers. The low invasive nature and directed cytotoxicity of this approach render it attractive to the treatment of different conditions, including the ones that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The effect of PDT on healthy neurons is one main concern over its use in the CNS, since neuronal-like cells were shown to be particularly sensitive to certain PSs. Among available PSs, 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) stands out as being resistant to reduction to its inactive leuco form and by being able to produce high levels of singlet‑oxygen. In this study, we aimed to investigate DMMB photodamage mechanisms in the hippocampal cell line HT22. Our results demonstrate that DMMB-PDT decrease in cell viability was linked with an increase in cell death and overall ROS production. Besides, it resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial ROS production and decreased mitochondria membrane potential. Furthermore, DMMB-PDT significantly increased the presence of acidic autolysosomes, which was accompanied by an increase in ATG1 and ATG8 homologue GaBarap1 expression, and decreased DRAM1 expression. Taken together our results indicated that mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction underlie DMMB-PDT cytotoxicity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael de Ávila Narciso Gomes
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Marmolejo-Garza
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris-Jan Haan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Teresa Mitchell García
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tingting Chen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Minor Murakami
- Medical School, Neurology Department, University of São Paulo (USP), 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício S Baptista
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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22
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GBM Cells Exhibit Susceptibility to Metformin Treatment According to TLR4 Pathway Activation and Metabolic and Antioxidant Status. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030587. [PMID: 36765551 PMCID: PMC9913744 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer associated with poor overall survival. The metabolic status and tumor microenvironment of GBM cells have been targeted to improve therapeutic strategies. TLR4 is an important innate immune receptor capable of recognizing pathogens and danger-associated molecules. We have previously demonstrated the presence of TLR4 in GBM tumors and the decreased viability of the GBM tumor cell line after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4 agonist) stimulation. In the present study, metformin (MET) treatment, used in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in two GBM cell lines (U87MG and A172) and stimulated with LPS was analyzed. MET is a drug widely used for the treatment of diabetes and has been repurposed for cancer treatment owing to its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of the study was to investigate MET and LPS treatment in two GBM cell lines with different metabolic statuses. MET treatment led to mitochondrial respiration blunting and oxidative stress with superoxide production in both cell lines, more markedly in U87MG cells. Decreased cell viability after MET + TMZ and MET + LPS + TMZ treatment was observed in both cell lines. U87MG cells exhibited apoptosis after MET + LPS + TMZ treatment, promoting increased ER stress, unfolded protein response, and BLC2 downregulation. LPS stimulation of U87MG cells led to upregulation of SOD2 and genes related to the TLR4 signaling pathway, including IL1B and CXCL8. A172 cells attained upregulated antioxidant gene expression, particularly SOD1, TXN and PRDX1-5, while MET treatment led to cell-cycle arrest. In silico analysis of the TCGA-GBM-RNASeq dataset indicated that the glycolytic plurimetabolic (GPM)-GBM subtype had a transcriptomic profile which overlapped with U87MG cells, suggesting GBM cases exhibiting this metabolic background with an activated inflammatory TLR4 pathway may respond to MET treatment. For cases with upregulated CXCL8, coding for IL8 (a pro-angiogenic factor), combination treatment with an IL8 inhibitor may improve tumor growth control. The A172 cell line corresponded to the mitochondrial (MTC)-GBM subtype, where MET plus an antioxidant inhibitor, such as anti-SOD1, may be indicated as a combinatory therapy.
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23
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2022; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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24
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Ohno M, Kitanaka C, Miyakita Y, Tanaka S, Sonoda Y, Mishima K, Ishikawa E, Takahashi M, Yanagisawa S, Ohashi K, Nagane M, Narita Y. Metformin with Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Results of Phase I Study and a Brief Review of Relevant Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174222. [PMID: 36077758 PMCID: PMC9454846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) inevitably recurs due to a resistance to current standard therapy. We showed that the antidiabetic drug metformin (MF) can induce the differentiation of stem-like glioma-initiating cells and suppress tumor formation through AMPK-FOXO3 activation. In this study, we design a phase I/II study to examine the clinical effect of MF. We aim to determine a recommended phase II MF dose with maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) in patients with newly diagnosed GBM who completed standard concomitant radiotherapy and TMZ. MF dose-escalation was planned using a 3 + 3 design. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were assessed during the first six weeks after MF initiation. Three patients were treated with 1500 mg/day MF and four patients were treated with 2250 mg/day MF between February 2021 and January 2022. No DLTs were observed. The most common adverse effects were appetite loss, nausea, and diarrhea, all of which were manageable. Two patients experienced tumor progression at 6.0 and 6.1 months, and one died 12.2 months after initial surgery. The other five patients remained stable at the last follow-up session. The MF dose of up to 2250 mg/day combined with maintenance TMZ appeared to be well tolerated, and we proceeded to a phase II study with 2250 mg/day MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ohno
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yasuji Miyakita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mishima
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka 350-1298, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 350-8576, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yanagisawa
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Ohashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3542-2511
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25
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Ntafoulis I, Koolen SLW, Leenstra S, Lamfers MLM. Drug Repurposing, a Fast-Track Approach to Develop Effective Treatments for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3705. [PMID: 35954371 PMCID: PMC9367381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most difficult tumors to treat. The mean overall survival rate of 15 months and the 5-year survival rate of 5% have not significantly changed for almost 2 decades. Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, no new effective treatments to combine with radiation therapy after surgical tumor debulking have become available since the introduction of temozolomide in 1999. One of the main reasons for this is the scarcity of compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain tumor tissue in therapeutically effective concentrations. In this review, we focus on the role of the BBB and its importance in developing brain tumor treatments. Moreover, we discuss drug repurposing, a drug discovery approach to identify potential effective candidates with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles for central nervous system (CNS) penetration and that allows rapid implementation in clinical trials. Additionally, we provide an overview of repurposed candidate drug currently being investigated in GBM at the preclinical and clinical levels. Finally, we highlight the importance of phase 0 trials to confirm tumor drug exposure and we discuss emerging drug delivery technologies as an alternative route to maximize therapeutic efficacy of repurposed candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ntafoulis
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Stijn L. W. Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Martine L. M. Lamfers
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.N.); (S.L.)
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26
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Feng SW, Chang PC, Chen HY, Hueng DY, Li YF, Huang SM. Exploring the Mechanism of Adjuvant Treatment of Glioblastoma Using Temozolomide and Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158171. [PMID: 35897747 PMCID: PMC9330793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and lethal primary central nervous system tumor in adults, accounting for around 15% of intracranial neoplasms and 40–50% of all primary malignant brain tumors, with an annual incidence of 3–6 cases per 100,000 population. Despite maximum treatment, patients only have a median survival time of 15 months. Metformin is a biguanide drug utilized as the first-line medication in treating type 2 diabetes. Recently, researchers have noticed that metformin can contribute to antineoplastic activity. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism of metformin as a potential adjuvant treatment drug in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma cell lines U87MG, LNZ308, and LN229 were treated with metformin, and several cellular functions and metabolic states were evaluated. First, the proliferation capability was investigated using the MTS assay and BrdU assay, while cell apoptosis was evaluated using the annexin V assay. Next, a wound-healing assay and mesenchymal biomarkers (N-cadherin, vimentin, and Twist) were used to detect the cell migration ability and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) status of tumor cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the transcriptome of the metformin-treated glioblastoma cell line. Then, DCFH-DA and MitoSOX Red dyes were used to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytosol and mitochondria. JC-1 dye and Western blotting analysis were used to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential and biogenesis. In addition, the combinatory effect of temozolomide (TMZ) with metformin treatment was assessed by combination index analysis. Metformin could decrease cell viability, proliferation, and migration, increase cell apoptosis, and disrupt EMT in all three glioblastoma cell lines. The GSEA study highlighted increased ROS and hypoxia in the metformin-treated glioblastoma cells. Metformin increased ROS production, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. The combined treatment of metformin and TMZ had U87 as synergistic, LNZ308 as antagonistic, and LN229 as additive. Metformin alone or combined with TMZ could suppress mitochondrial transcription factor A, Twist, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) proteins in TMZ-resistant LN229 cells. In conclusion, our study showed that metformin decreased metabolic activity, proliferation, migration, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptosis and ROS in some glioblastoma cells. The sensitivity of the TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cell line to metformin might be mediated via the suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis, EMT, and MGMT expression. Our work provides new insights into the choice of adjuvant agents in TMZ-resistant GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Feng
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-W.F.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Pei-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-W.F.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Feng Li
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (S.-M.H.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 13958) (Y.-F.L.); +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18790) (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (S.-M.H.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 13958) (Y.-F.L.); +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18790) (S.-M.H.)
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27
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Wu H, Huang D, Zhou H, Sima X, Wu Z, Sun Y, Wang L, Ruan Y, Wu Q, Wu F, She T, Chu Y, Huang Q, Ning Z, Zhang H. Metformin: A promising drug for human cancers. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:204. [PMID: 35720480 PMCID: PMC9178677 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule chemical drugs are of great significance for tumor-targeted and individualized therapies. However, the development of new small-molecule drugs, from basic experimental research and clinical trials to final application in clinical practice, is a long process that has a high cost. It takes at least 5 years for most drugs to be developed in the laboratory to prove their effectiveness and safety. Compared with the development of new drugs, repurposing traditional non-tumor drugs can be a shortcut. Metformin is a good model for a new use of an old drug. In recent years, the antitumor efficacy of metformin has attracted much attention. Epidemiological data and in vivo, and in vitro experiments have shown that metformin can reduce the incidence of cancer in patients with diabetes and has a strong antagonistic effect on metabolism-related tumors. Recent studies have shown that metformin can induce autophagy in esophageal cancer cells, mainly by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In recent years, studies have shown that the antitumor functions and mechanisms of metformin are multifaceted. The present study aims to review the application of metformin in tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnian Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Enshi State Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei 445099, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Sima
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Nursing School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Stomatology and Optometry School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui She
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Enshi State Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei 445099, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Huang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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28
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Implementation of QbD Approach to the Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Forms by HPLC. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061187. [PMID: 35745760 PMCID: PMC9229060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current studies entail quality by design (QbD)-enabled development of a simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of metformin hydrochloride (M-HCl). Design of experiments (DoE) was applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of the HPLC method. Risk assessment was performed to identify the critical method parameters (CMPs) using Ishikawa diagram. The factor screening studies were performed using a two-factor three-levels design. Two independent factors, buffer pH and mobile phase composition, were used to design mathematical models. Central composite design (CCD) was used to study the response surface methodology and to study in depth the effects of these independent factors, thus evaluating the critical analytical attributes (CAAs), namely, retention time, peak area, and symmetry factor as the parameters of method robustness. Desirability function was used to simultaneously optimize the CAAs. The optimized and predicted data from contour diagram consisted of 0.02 M acetate buffer pH = 3/methanol in a ratio of 70/30 (v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate 1 mL/min. The separation was made on a Thermoscientific ODS HypersylTM chromatographic column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with oven temperature 35 °C and UV detection at 235 nm. The optimized assay conditions were validated according to ICH guidelines. Hence, the results clearly showed that QbD approach could be successfully applied to optimize HPLC method for estimation of M-HCl. The method was applied both for the evaluation of M-HCl content in tablets, and for in vitro dissolution studies of M-HCl from conventional and prolonged-release tablets.
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Effects of Metformin as Add-On Therapy against Glioblastoma: An Old Medicine for Novel Oncology Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061412. [PMID: 35326565 PMCID: PMC8946812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, with a median survival of around 14 months. The aggressiveness of glioblastoma is due to intense cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, genetic instability, resistance to therapies and high frequency of relapses. These features render glioblastoma almost incurable, considered an extreme therapeutic challenge. In the last few decades, it has been observed a reduced cancer incidence in diabetic patients treated with metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug. The reported ability of metformin to arrest cancer cell growth in in vitro and in vivo experimental tumor models, have suggested the possibility to reconsider metformin as an anti-cancer add-on therapy, but further investigations about molecular mechanisms and optimal therapeutic regimens are needed. Here, we tested the efficacy of metformin against primary glioblastoma endothelial cells, responsible for tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness and resistance to therapy, reporting promising results and advancing a novel target of metformin, the “sphingolipid rheostat”. Abstract Background: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain malignancy in adults, with a poor prognosis of about 14 months. Recent evidence ascribed to metformin (MET), an antihyperglycemic drug, the potential to reduce cancer incidence and progression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects need to be better investigated. Methods: Here, we tested the efficacy of MET on n = 10 primary glioblastoma endothelial cells (GECs), by viability and proliferation tests, as MTT and Live/Dead assays, apoptosis tests, as annexin V assay and caspase 3/7 activity, functional tests as tube-like structure formation and migration assay and by mRNA and protein expression performed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot, respectively. Results: Data resulting revealed a time- and μ-dependent ability of MET to decrease cell viability and proliferation, increasing pro-apoptotic mechanisms mediated by caspases 3/7. Also, MET impacted GEC functionality with a significant decrease of angiogenesis and invasiveness potential. Mechanistically, MET was able to interfere with sphingolipid metabolism, weakening the oncopromoter signaling promoted by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and shifting the balance toward the production of the pro-apoptotic ceramide. Conclusions: These observations ascribed to MET the potential to serve as add-on therapy against glioblastoma, suggesting a repurposing of an old, totally safe and tolerable drug for novel oncology therapeutics.
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Barbieri F, Bosio AG, Pattarozzi A, Tonelli M, Bajetto A, Verduci I, Cianci F, Cannavale G, Palloni LMG, Francesconi V, Thellung S, Fiaschi P, Mazzetti S, Schenone S, Balboni B, Girotto S, Malatesta P, Daga A, Zona G, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Chloride intracellular channel 1 activity is not required for glioblastoma development but its inhibition dictates glioma stem cell responsivity to novel biguanide derivatives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:53. [PMID: 35135603 PMCID: PMC8822754 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chloride intracellular channel-1 (CLIC1) activity controls glioblastoma proliferation. Metformin exerts antitumor effects in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) inhibiting CLIC1 activity, but its low potency hampers its translation in clinical settings.
Methods
We synthesized a small library of novel biguanide-based compounds that were tested as antiproliferative agents for GSCs derived from human glioblastomas, in vitro using 2D and 3D cultures and in vivo in the zebrafish model. Compounds were compared to metformin for both potency and efficacy in the inhibition of GSC proliferation in vitro (MTT, Trypan blue exclusion assays, and EdU labeling) and in vivo (zebrafish model), migration (Boyden chamber assay), invasiveness (Matrigel invasion assay), self-renewal (spherogenesis assay), and CLIC1 activity (electrophysiology recordings), as well as for the absence of off-target toxicity (effects on normal stem cells and toxicity for zebrafish and chick embryos).
Results
We identified Q48 and Q54 as two novel CLIC1 blockers, characterized by higher antiproliferative potency than metformin in vitro, in both GSC 2D cultures and 3D spheroids. Q48 and Q54 also impaired GSC self-renewal, migration and invasion, and displayed low systemic in vivo toxicity. Q54 reduced in vivo proliferation of GSCs xenotransplanted in zebrafish hindbrain. Target specificity was confirmed by recombinant CLIC1 binding experiments using microscale thermophoresis approach. Finally, we characterized GSCs from GBMs spontaneously expressing low CLIC1 protein, demonstrating their ability to grow in vivo and to retain stem-like phenotype and functional features in vitro. In these GSCs, Q48 and Q54 displayed reduced potency and efficacy as antiproliferative agents as compared to high CLIC1-expressing tumors. However, in 3D cultures, metformin and Q48 (but not Q54) inhibited proliferation, which was dependent on the inhibition dihydrofolate reductase activity.
Conclusions
These data highlight that, while CLIC1 is dispensable for the development of a subset of glioblastomas, it acts as a booster of proliferation in the majority of these tumors and its functional expression is required for biguanide antitumor class-effects. In particular, the biguanide-based derivatives Q48 and Q54, represent the leads to develop novel compounds endowed with better pharmacological profiles than metformin, to act as CLIC1-blockers for the treatment of CLIC1-expressing glioblastomas, in a precision medicine approach.
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Mazurek M, Szczepanek D, Orzyłowska A, Rola R. Analysis of Factors Affecting 5-ALA Fluorescence Intensity in Visualizing Glial Tumor Cells-Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020926. [PMID: 35055109 PMCID: PMC8779265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the literature, maximal tumor resection is a key element in improving therapeutic outcome. One of the methods to achieve it is the use of fluorescent intraoperative navigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Unfortunately, often the level of fluorescence emitted is not satisfactory, resulting in difficulties in the course of surgery. This article summarizes currently available knowledge regarding differences in the level of emitted fluorescence. It may depend on both the histological type and the genetic profile of the tumor, which is reflected in the activity and expression of enzymes involved in the intracellular metabolism of fluorescent dyes, such as PBGD, FECH, UROS, and ALAS. The transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its metabolites across the blood–brain barrier and cell membranes mediated by transporters, such as ABCB6 and ABCG2, is also important. Accompanying therapies, such as antiepileptic drugs or steroids, also have an impact on light emission by tumor cells. Accurate determination of the factors influencing the fluorescence of 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated cells may contribute to the improvement of fluorescence navigation in patients with highly malignant gliomas.
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Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery: Challenges and Perspectives of Metformin as Anti-Angiogenic Add-On Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010112. [PMID: 35008275 PMCID: PMC8749852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with the highest incidence and the worst prognosis. Life expectancy from diagnosis remains dismal, at around 15 months, despite surgical resection and treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Given the aggressiveness of the tumor and the inefficiency of the treatments adopted to date, the scientific research investigates innovative therapeutic approaches. Importantly, angiogenesis represents one of the main features of glioblastoma, becoming in the last few years a major candidate for target therapy. Metformin, a well-established therapy for type 2 diabetes, offered excellent results in preventing and fighting tumor progression, particularly against angiogenic mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss experimental evidence of metformin anti-cancer efficacy, with the aim of proposing this totally safe and tolerable drug as add-on therapy against glioblastoma. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common primitive tumor in adult central nervous system (CNS), classified as grade IV according to WHO 2016 classification. Glioblastoma shows a poor prognosis with an average survival of approximately 15 months, representing an extreme therapeutic challenge. One of its distinctive and aggressive features is aberrant angiogenesis, which drives tumor neovascularization, representing a promising candidate for molecular target therapy. Although several pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have shown promising results, anti-angiogenic drugs have not led to a significant improvement in overall survival (OS), suggesting the necessity of identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug of the Biguanides family, used as first line treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antitumoral efficacy in many different tumors, including glioblastoma. From this evidence, a process of repurposing of the drug has begun, leading to the demonstration of inhibition of various oncopromoter mechanisms and, consequently, to the identification of the molecular pathways involved. Here, we review and discuss metformin’s potential antitumoral effects on glioblastoma, inspecting if it could properly act as an anti-angiogenic compound to be considered as a safely add-on therapy in the treatment and management of glioblastoma patients.
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Sevastre AS, Costachi A, Tataranu LG, Brandusa C, Artene SA, Stovicek O, Alexandru O, Danoiu S, Sfredel V, Dricu A. Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1408. [PMID: 34676001 PMCID: PMC8524703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its localisation, rapid onset, high relapse rate and resistance to most currently available treatment methods, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered to be the deadliest type of all gliomas. Although surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are among the therapeutic strategies used for the treatment of GBM, the survival rates achieved are not satisfactory, and there is an urgent need for novel effective therapeutic options. In addition to single-target therapy, multi-target therapies are currently under development. Furthermore, drugs are being optimised to improve their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present review, the main strategies applied for GBM treatment in terms of the most recent therapeutic agents and approaches that are currently under pre-clinical and clinical testing were discussed. In addition, the most recently reported experimental data following the testing of novel therapies, including stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, genomic correction and precision medicine, were reviewed, and their advantages and drawbacks were also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Costachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Department of Neurosurgery, ‘Bagdasar-Arseni’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Brandusa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Stefan Alexandru Artene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Olivian Stovicek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Nursing Targu Jiu, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 210106 Targu Jiu, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Xun Y, Yang H, Kaminska B, You H. Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 34715891 PMCID: PMC8555307 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma therapies, patients’ prognosis remains poor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the first line of defense in the immune system being the detectors of those associated with bacteria, viruses, and danger signals. In the glioma microenvironment, TLRs are expressed on both immune and tumor cells, playing dual roles eliciting antitumoral (innate and adaptive immunity) and protumoral (cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glioma stem cell maintenance) responses. Up to date, several TLR-targeting therapies have been developed aiming at glioma bulk and stem cells, infiltrating immune cells, the immune checkpoint axis, among others. While some TLR agonists exhibited survival benefit in clinical trials, it attracts more attention when they are involved in combinatorial treatment with radiation, chemotherapy, immune vaccination, and immune checkpoint inhibition in glioma treatment. TLR agonists can be used as immune modulators to enhance the efficacy of other treatment, to avoid dose accumulation, and what brings more interests is that they can potentiate immune checkpoint delayed resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by upregulating PD-1/PD-L1 overexpression, thus unleash powerful antitumor responses when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we focus on recent developments and clinical trials exploring TLR-based treatment to provide a picture of the relationship between TLR and glioma and their implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xun
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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Panwalkar P, Tamrazi B, Dang D, Chung C, Sweha S, Natarajan SK, Pun M, Bayliss J, Ogrodzinski MP, Pratt D, Mullan B, Hawes D, Yang F, Lu C, Sabari BR, Achreja A, Heon J, Animasahun O, Cieslik M, Dunham C, Yip S, Hukin J, Phillips JJ, Bornhorst M, Griesinger AM, Donson AM, Foreman NK, Garton HJ, Heth J, Muraszko K, Nazarian J, Koschmann C, Jiang L, Filbin MG, Nagrath D, Kool M, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Gilbertson RJ, Allis CD, Chinnaiyan A, Lunt SY, Blüml S, Judkins AR, Venneti S. Targeting integrated epigenetic and metabolic pathways in lethal childhood PFA ependymomas. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc0497. [PMID: 34613815 PMCID: PMC8762577 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Childhood posterior fossa group A ependymomas (PFAs) have limited treatment options and bear dismal prognoses compared to group B ependymomas (PFBs). PFAs overexpress the oncohistone-like protein EZHIP (enhancer of Zeste homologs inhibitory protein), causing global reduction of repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), similar to the oncohistone H3K27M. Integrated metabolic analyses in patient-derived cells and tumors, single-cell RNA sequencing of tumors, and noninvasive metabolic imaging in patients demonstrated enhanced glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism in PFAs. Furthermore, high glycolytic gene expression in PFAs was associated with a poor outcome. PFAs demonstrated high EZHIP expression associated with poor prognosis and elevated activating mark histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). Genomic H3K27ac was enriched in PFAs at key glycolytic and TCA cycle–related genes including hexokinase-2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Similarly, mouse neuronal stem cells (NSCs) expressing wild-type EZHIP (EZHIP-WT) versus catalytically attenuated EZHIP-M406K demonstrated H3K27ac enrichment at hexokinase-2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase, accompanied by enhanced glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolism. AMPKα-2, a key component of the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also showed H3K27ac enrichment in PFAs and EZHIP-WT NSCs. The AMPK activator metformin lowered EZHIP protein concentrations, increased H3K27me3, suppressed TCA cycle metabolism, and showed therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived PFA xenografts in mice. Our data indicate that PFAs and EZHIP-WT–expressing NSCs are characterized by enhanced glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolism. Repurposing the antidiabetic drug metformin lowered pathogenic EZHIP, increased H3K27me3, and suppressed tumor growth, suggesting that targeting integrated metabolic/epigenetic pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating childhood ependymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Panwalkar
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benita Tamrazi
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Derek Dang
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chan Chung
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Current address- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Stefan Sweha
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Natarajan
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Pun
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jill Bayliss
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Martin P. Ogrodzinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Drew Pratt
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brendan Mullan
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Debra Hawes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Sabari
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jin Heon
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Olamide Animasahun
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Juliette Hukin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of B.C, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. 94132
| | - Miriam Bornhorst
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington DC, 20012, USA
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, 80045, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, 80045, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, 80045, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado
| | - Hugh J.L. Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason Heth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karin Muraszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington DC, 20012, USA
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- DMG Research Center Department of Oncology University Children's Hospital, CH-8032 Zürich
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mariella G. Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | | | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arul Chinnaiyan
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Stefan Blüml
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Alexander R. Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Chen J, Lee H, Schmitt P, Choy CJ, Miller DM, Williams BJ, Bearer EL, Frieboes HB. Bioengineered Models to Study Microenvironmental Regulation of Glioblastoma Metabolism. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:1012–1023. [PMID: 34524448 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research and aggressive therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a central nervous system malignancy with poor prognosis. The varied histopathology of GBM suggests a landscape of differing microenvironments and clonal expansions, which may influence metabolism, driving tumor progression. Indeed, GBM metabolic plasticity in response to differing nutrient supply within these microenvironments has emerged as a key driver of aggressiveness. Additionally, emergent biophysical and biochemical interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are offering new perspectives on GBM metabolism. Perivascular and hypoxic niches exert crucial roles in tumor maintenance and progression, facilitating metabolic relationships between stromal and tumor cells. Alterations in extracellular matrix and its biophysical characteristics, such as rigidity and topography, regulate GBM metabolism through mechanotransductive mechanisms. This review highlights insights gained from deployment of bioengineering models, including engineered cell culture and mathematical models, to study the microenvironmental regulation of GBM metabolism. Bioengineered approaches building upon histopathology measurements may uncover potential therapeutic strategies that target both TME-dependent mechanotransductive and biomolecular drivers of metabolism to tackle this challenging disease. Longer term, a concerted effort integrating in vitro and in silico models predictive of patient therapy response may offer a powerful advance toward tailoring of treatment to patient-specific GBM characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chen
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Hyunchul Lee
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Philipp Schmitt
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Caleb J Choy
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Donald M Miller
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Brian J Williams
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Elaine L Bearer
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, CJC, HBF); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (JC, DMM, HBF); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HL, BJW); Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (PS, DMM); Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (DMM, BJW, HBF); Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (HBF); Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (ELB)
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Galijašević M, Steiger R, Radović I, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Birkl C, Deeg L, Mangesius S, Rietzler A, Regodić M, Stockhammer G, Freyschlag CF, Kerschbaumer J, Haybaeck J, Grams AE, Gizewski ER. Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Markers in IDH1 Wild Type Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143569. [PMID: 34298788 PMCID: PMC8305039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliobastoma is one of the deadliest tumors overall, yet the most common malignant brain tumor. The new World Health Organization Classification of Brain Tumors brought changes in how we look at this type of malignancy. Now we know that glioblastoma is rather a spectrum of similar tumors, but with some distinct characteristics that include molecular footprint, response to therapy and with that overall survival, among others. We hypothesised that by employing phosphorous magnetic resonance we will be able to show differences in cellular energy metabolism in these various subtypes of glioblastoma. For example, we found indices of faster cell reproduction and tumor growth in MGMT-methylated and EGFR-amplified tumors. These tumors also could have reduced energetic state or tissue oxygenation due to the increased necrosis. Tumors with EGFR-amplification could have increased apoptotic activity regardless of their MGMT status. Our study indicated various differences in energetic metabolism in tumors with different molecular characteristics, which could potentially be important in future therapeutic strategies. Abstract The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) classification of brain tumors requires consideration of both histological appearance and molecular characteristics. Possible differences in brain energy metabolism could be important in designing future therapeutic strategies. Forty-three patients with primary, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild type glioblastomas (GBMs) were included in this study. Pre-operative standard MRI was obtained with additional phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31-P-MRS) imaging. Following microsurgical resection of the tumors, biopsy specimens underwent neuropathological diagnostics including standard molecular diagnosis. The spectroscopy results were correlated with epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status. EGFR amplified tumors had significantly lower phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-PCr/ATP and PCr to inorganic phosphate (Pi)-PCr/Pi ratios, and higher Pi/ATP and phosphomonoesters (PME) to phosphodiesters (PDE)-PME/PDE ratio than those without the amplification. Patients with MGMT-methylated tumors had significantly higher cerebral magnesium (Mg) values and PME/PDE ratio, while their PCr/ATP and PCr/Pi ratios were lower than in patients without the methylation. In survival analysis, not-EGFR-amplified, MGMT-methylated GBMs showed the longest survival. This group had lower PCr/Pi ratio when compared to MGMT-methylated, EGFR-amplified group. PCr/Pi ratio was lower also when compared to the MGMT-unmethylated, EGFR not-amplified group, while PCr/ATP ratio was lower than all other examined groups. Differences in energy metabolism in various molecular subtypes of wild-type-GBMs could be important information in future precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Galijašević
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Radović
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.B.-T.); (J.H.)
| | - Christoph Birkl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Deeg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Rietzler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milovan Regodić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Stockhammer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Johannes Kerschbaumer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.B.-T.); (J.H.)
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Ellen Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Ruth Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Tseng YY, Chen TY, Liu SJ. Role of Polymeric Local Drug Delivery in Multimodal Treatment of Malignant Glioma: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4597-4614. [PMID: 34267515 PMCID: PMC8275179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s309937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MGs) are the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. At present, surgical interventions, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are only marginally effective in prolonging the life expectancy of patients with MGs. Inherent heterogeneity, aggressive invasion and infiltration, intact physical barriers, and the numerous mechanisms underlying chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance contribute to the poor prognosis for patients with MGs. Various studies have investigated methods to overcome these obstacles in MG treatment. In this review, we address difficulties in MG treatment and focus on promising polymeric local drug delivery systems. In contrast to most local delivery systems, which are directly implanted into the residual cavity after intratumoral injection or the surgical removal of a tumor, some rapidly developing and promising nanotechnological methods—including surface-decorated nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and focused ultrasound assist transport—are administered through (systemic) intravascular injection. We also discuss further synergistic and multimodal strategies for heightening therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we outline the challenges and therapeutic potential of these polymeric drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yun Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkuo, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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39
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Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, van Linde ME, Mathôt RA, Struys EA, van Wezel T, van Noorden CJF, Klümpen HJ, Bovée JVMG, Wilmink JW. A Phase Ib Clinical Trial of Metformin and Chloroquine in Patients with IDH1-Mutated Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102474. [PMID: 34069550 PMCID: PMC8161333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene occur in high-grade chondrosarcoma, high-grade glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Due to the lack of effective treatment options, these aggressive types of cancer have a dismal outcome. The metabolism of IDH1-mutated cancer cells is reprogrammed in order to produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). In this clinical trial, we used the oral antidiabetic drug metformin and the oral antimalarial drug chloroquine to disrupt the vulnerable metabolism of IDH1-mutated solid tumors. We found that the combination regimen of metformin and chloroquine is well tolerated, but the combination did not induce a clinical response in this patient population. Secondly, we confirmed the clinical usefulness of D/L-2HG ratios in serum as a biomarker and the ddPCR-facilitated detection of an IDH1 mutation in circulating DNA from peripheral blood. Abstract Background: Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) occur in 60% of chondrosarcoma, 80% of WHO grade II-IV glioma and 20% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These solid IDH1-mutated tumors produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and are more vulnerable to disruption of their metabolism. Methods: Patients with IDH1-mutated chondrosarcoma, glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma received oral combinational treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin and the antimalarial drug chloroquine. The primary objective was to determine the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Radiological and biochemical tumor responses to metformin and chloroquine were investigated using CT/MRI scans and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of D-2HG levels in serum. Results: Seventeen patients received study treatment for a median duration of 43 days (range: 7–74 days). Of twelve evaluable patients, 10 patients discontinued study medication because of progressive disease and two patients due to toxicity. None of the patients experienced a DLT. The MTD was determined to be 1500 mg of metformin two times a day and 200 mg of chloroquine once a day. A serum D/L-2HG ratio of ≥4.5 predicted the presence of an IDH1 mutation with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. By utilization of digital droplet PCR on plasma samples, we were able to detect tumor-specific IDH1 hotspot mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in investigated patients. Conclusion: Treatment of advanced IDH1-mutated solid tumors with metformin and chloroquine was well tolerated but did not induce a clinical response in this phase Ib clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Myra E. van Linde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ron A. Mathôt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eduard A. Struys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VU, University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.v.W.); (J.V.M.G.B.)
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Judith V. M. G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.v.W.); (J.V.M.G.B.)
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Valtorta S, Lo Dico A, Raccagni I, Martelli C, Pieri V, Rainone P, Todde S, Zinnhardt B, De Bernardi E, Coliva A, Politi LS, Viel T, Jacobs AH, Galli R, Ottobrini L, Vaira V, Moresco RM. Imaging Metformin Efficacy as Add-On Therapy in Cells and Mouse Models of Human EGFR Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664149. [PMID: 34012924 PMCID: PMC8126706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the brain. Despite the efforts, response to current therapies is poor and 2-years survival rate ranging from 6-12%. Here, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of Metformin (MET) as add-on therapy to Temozolomide (TMZ) and the ability of [18F]FLT (activity of thymidine kinase 1 related to cell proliferation) and [18F]VC701 (translocator protein, TSPO) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiotracers to predict tumor response to therapy. Indeed, TSPO is expressed on the outer mitochondrial membrane of activated microglia/macrophages, tumor cells, astrocytes and endothelial cells. TMZ-sensitive (Gli36ΔEGFR-1 and L0627) or -resistant (Gli36ΔEGFR-2) GBM cell lines representative of classical molecular subtype were tested in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic mouse models. Our results indicate that in vitro, MET increased the efficacy of TMZ on TMZ-sensitive and on TMZ-resistant cells by deregulating the balance between pro-survival (bcl2) and pro-apoptotic (bax/bad) Bcl-family members and promoting early apoptosis in both Gli36ΔEGFR-1 and Gli36ΔEGFR-2 cells. In vivo, MET add-on significantly extended the median survival of tumor-bearing mice compared to TMZ-treated ones and reduced the rate of recurrence in the TMZ-sensitive models. PET studies with the cell proliferation radiopharmaceutical [18F]FLT performed at early time during treatment were able to distinguish responder from non-responder to TMZ but not to predict the duration of the effect. On the contrary, [18F]VC701 uptake was reduced only in mice treated with MET plus TMZ and levels of uptake negatively correlated with animals’ survival. Overall, our data showed that MET addition improved TMZ efficacy in GBM preclinical models representative of classical molecular subtype increasing survival time and reducing tumor relapsing rate. Finally, results from PET imaging suggest that the reduction of cell proliferation represents a common mechanism of TMZ and combined treatment, whereas only the last was able to reduce TSPO. This reduction was associated with the duration of treatment response. TSPO-ligand may be used as a complementary molecular imaging marker to predict tumor microenvironment related treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Raccagni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE.ITALY, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pieri
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Todde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabetta De Bernardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Neuroradiology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Thomas Viel
- PARCC, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rossella Galli
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Liu X, Yang C, Xie D. Gain of circBRAF Represses Glioma Progression by Regulating miR-1290/FBXW7 Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1203-1213. [PMID: 33650075 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to partake in the modulation of the glioma progression. Here, we intended to explore the role of circBRAF in glioma and the possible action mechanism. The expression levels of circBRAF, microRNA (miR)-1290 and F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated through Trans-well assay. Related protein levels were detected by western blot. Targeted relation among circBRAF, miR-1290 and FBXW7 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays. Xenograft model was constructed to explore the function of circBRAF in vivo. Expression of circBRAF and FBXW7 was decreased in glioma tissues and cells. Upregulation of circBRAF inhibited glioma cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro. MiR-1290 was upregulated in glioma, which was sponged by circBRAF. Besides, circBRAF elevated FBXW7 expression by targeting miR-1290. Introduction of miR-1290 or FBXW7 knockdown could counteract the inhibitory effects of circBRAF upregulation on the malignant phenotypes of glioma cells. Overexpression of circBRAF repressed the tumor growth in vivo. Upregulation of circBRAF suppressed glioma evolvement in vitro and in vivo by regulating miR-1290/FBXW7 axis, broadening the cognition of glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Donggen Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
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Precilla DS, Kuduvalli SS, Purushothaman M, Marimuthu P, Ramachandran MA, Anitha TS. Wnt/β-catenin Antagonists: Exploring New Avenues to Trigger Old Drugs in Alleviating Glioblastoma Multiforme. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:338-360. [PMID: 33881978 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210420115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most heterogenous primary brain tumor with high mortality. Nevertheless, of the current therapeutic approaches, survival rate remains poor with 12 to 15 months following preliminary diagnosis, this warrants the need for effective treatment modality. Wnt/β-catenin pathway is presumably the most noteworthy pathway up-regulated in almost 80% GBM cases contributing to tumor-initiation, progression and survival. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting key components of Wnt/β-catenin cascade using established genotoxic agents like temozolomide and pharmacological inhibitors would be an effective approach to modulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Recently, drug repurposing by means of effective combination therapy has gained importance in various solid tumors including GBM, by targeting two or more proteins in a single pathway, thereby possessing the ability to overcome the hurdle implicated by chemo-resistance in GBM. OBJECTIVE In this context, by employing computational tools, an attempt has been carried out to speculate the novel combinations against Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS We have explored the binding interactions of three conventional drugs namely temozolomide, metformin, chloroquine along with three natural compounds viz., epigallocatechin gallate, naringenin and phloroglucinol on the major receptors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RESULTS It was noted that all the experimental compounds possessed profound interaction with the two major receptors of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to characterize the combined interactions of the afore-mentioned drugs on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in silico and this will putatively open up new avenues for combination therapies in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy S Precilla
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shreyas S Kuduvalli
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory - Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku. Finland
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Wei Z, Liu J, Xie H, Wang B, Wu J, Zhu Z. MiR-122-5p Mitigates Inflammation, Reactive Oxygen Species and SH-SY5Y Apoptosis by Targeting CPEB1 After Spinal Cord Injury Via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:992-1005. [PMID: 33528808 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a threatening disease that lead to severe motor and sensory deficits. Previous research has revealed that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. However, whether miR-122-5p was involved in SCI was rarely investigated. In our study, we intended to probe role of miR-122-5p in the regulation of inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SH-SY5Y apoptosis. We found miR-122-5p was downregulated in SCI mouse model and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, miR-122-5p overexpression alleviated inflammatory response, ROS and SH-SY5Y apoptosis in SCI mice. In addition, miR-122-5p elevation also mitigated SCI in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) was verified to be a target of miR-122-5p. CPEB1 expression was upregulated in SCI mouse model and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. CPEB1 expression was negatively related to miR-122-5p expression. Moreover, CPEB1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, CPEB1 elevation recovered the suppressive effect on inflammatory response, ROS and SH-SY5Y apoptosis in LPS-treated SH-SY5Y cells mediated by miR-122-5p upregulation and through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Alves ALV, Gomes INF, Carloni AC, Rosa MN, da Silva LS, Evangelista AF, Reis RM, Silva VAO. Role of glioblastoma stem cells in cancer therapeutic resistance: a perspective on antineoplastic agents from natural sources and chemical derivatives. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:206. [PMID: 33762015 PMCID: PMC7992331 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest-grade form of glioma, as well as one of the most aggressive types of cancer, exhibiting rapid cellular growth and highly invasive behavior. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and therapy in recent decades, the outcomes for high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III-IV) remain unfavorable, with a median overall survival time of 15–18 months. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has emerged and provided new insight into GBM resistance and management. CSCs can self-renew and initiate tumor growth and are also responsible for tumor cell heterogeneity and the induction of systemic immunosuppression. The idea that GBM resistance could be dependent on innate differences in the sensitivity of clonogenic glial stem cells (GSCs) to chemotherapeutic drugs/radiation prompted the scientific community to rethink the understanding of GBM growth and therapies directed at eliminating these cells or modulating their stemness. This review aims to describe major intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that mediate chemoradioresistant GSCs and therapies based on antineoplastic agents from natural sources, derivatives, and synthetics used alone or in synergistic combination with conventional treatment. We will also address ongoing clinical trials focused on these promising targets. Although the development of effective therapy for GBM remains a major challenge in molecular oncology, GSC knowledge can offer new directions for a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura V Alves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabela N F Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Carloni
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela N Rosa
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane S da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane F Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Braga, Portugal
| | - Viviane Aline O Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chelliah SS, Paul EAL, Kamarudin MNA, Parhar I. Challenges and Perspectives of Standard Therapy and Drug Development in High-Grade Gliomas. Molecules 2021; 26:1169. [PMID: 33671796 PMCID: PMC7927069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their low incidence rate globally, high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain a fatal primary brain tumor. The recommended therapy often is incapable of resecting the tumor entirely and exclusively targeting the tumor leads to tumor recurrence and dismal prognosis. Additionally, many HGG patients are not well suited for standard therapy and instead, subjected to a palliative approach. HGG tumors are highly infiltrative and the complex tumor microenvironment as well as high tumor heterogeneity often poses the main challenges towards the standard treatment. Therefore, a one-fit-approach may not be suitable for HGG management. Thus, a multimodal approach of standard therapy with immunotherapy, nanomedicine, repurposing of older drugs, use of phytochemicals, and precision medicine may be more advantageous than a single treatment model. This multimodal approach considers the environmental and genetic factors which could affect the patient's response to therapy, thus improving their outcome. This review discusses the current views and advances in potential HGG therapeutic approaches and, aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap that will assist in overcoming challenges in HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sundramurthi Chelliah
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ervin Ashley Lourdes Paul
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
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Hu K, Li J, Wu G, Zhou L, Wang X, Yan Y, Xu Z. The novel roles of virus infection-associated gene CDKN1A in chemoresistance and immune infiltration of glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6662-6680. [PMID: 33621203 PMCID: PMC7993694 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a common limitation for successful treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Recently, virus infections have been demonstrated to be associated with tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in tumors. However, the role of infection-related genes in GBM haven’t been clearly demonstrated. Here, we explored the roles and mechanisms of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infections in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in GBM. Four candidate genes, CDKN1A, MSX1, MYC and CHEK2, were identified to be the codifferentially expressed genes between three temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy datasets and one HTLV-1 infection gene set. Next, comprehensive bioinformatics data from several databases indicated that only CDKN1A was significantly upregulated in both GBM tissues and cells and showed the greatest prognostic value in GBM patients. Clinical data identified the correlations between CDKN1A expression and clinicopathological parameters of GBM patients. Moreover, CDKN1A was found to be involved in AKT-mediated TMZ resistance of glioma cells. In addition, KEGG analysis of CDKN1A-associated coexpression genes showed that CDKN1A was potentially involved in complement and coagulation cascades pathways in GBM. Finally, TISIDB database was used to investigate the role of CDKN1A in tumor-immune system interactions in GBM. These findings enhanced our understanding of the roles of CDKN1A in tumorigenesis and therapy response in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Geting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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47
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Kozak J, Forma A, Czeczelewski M, Kozyra P, Sitarz E, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Sitarz M, Baj J. Inhibition or Reversal of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer: Pharmacological Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010277. [PMID: 33383973 PMCID: PMC7795012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) constitutes one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis consisting in the re-differentiation of the epithelial cells into mesenchymal ones changing the cellular phenotype into a malignant one. EMT has been shown to play a role in the malignant transformation and while occurring in the tumor microenvironment, it significantly affects the aggressiveness of gastric cancer, among others. Importantly, after EMT occurs, gastric cancer patients are more susceptible to the induction of resistance to various therapeutic agents, worsening the clinical outcome of patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for the newest pharmacological agents targeting EMT to prevent further progression of gastric carcinogenesis and potential metastases. Therapies targeted at EMT might be combined with other currently available treatment modalities, which seems to be an effective strategy to treat gastric cancer patients. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in gastric cancer treatment in terms of targeting EMT specifically, such as the administration of polyphenols, resveratrol, tangeretin, luteolin, genistein, proton pump inhibitors, terpenes, other plant extracts, or inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Paweł Kozyra
- Student Research Group, Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Mazurek M, Kulesza B, Stoma F, Osuchowski J, Mańdziuk S, Rola R. Characteristics of Fluorescent Intraoperative Dyes Helpful in Gross Total Resection of High-Grade Gliomas-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1100. [PMID: 33339439 PMCID: PMC7766001 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A very important aspect in the treatment of high-grade glioma is gross total resection to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. One of the methods to facilitate this task is intraoperative fluorescence navigation. The aim of the study was to compare the dyes used in this technique fluorescent intraoperative navigation in terms of the mechanism of action and influence on the treatment of patients. Methods: The review was carried out on the basis of articles found in PubMed, Google Scholar, and BMC search engines, as well as those identified by searched bibliographies and suggested by experts during the preparation of the article. The database analysis was performed for the following phrases: "glioma", "glioblastoma", "ALA", "5ALA", "5-ALA", "aminolevulinic acid", "levulinic acid", "fluorescein", "ICG", "indocyanine green", and "fluorescence navigation". Results: After analyzing 913 citations identified on the basis of the search criteria, we included 36 studies in the review. On the basis of the analyzed articles, we found that 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein are highly effective in improving the percentage of gross total resection achieved in high-grade glioma surgery. At the same time, the limitations resulting from the use of these methods are marked-higher costs of the procedure and the need to have neurosurgical microscope in combination with a special light filter in the case of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), and low specificity for neoplastic cells and the dependence on the degree of damage to the blood-brain barrier in the intensity of fluorescence in the case of fluorescein. The use of indocyanine green in the visualization of glioma cells is relatively unknown, but some researchers have suggested its utility and the benefits of using it simultaneously with other dyes. Conclusion: The use of intraoperative fluorescence navigation with the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein allows the range of high-grade glioma resection to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Filip Stoma
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Jacek Osuchowski
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Sławomir Mańdziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of Leptin and Its Receptor ObR in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123691. [PMID: 33316976 PMCID: PMC7764087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite recent advances in molecular brain tumor therapies, glioblastoma multiforme remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with, in most cases, unfavorable outcome. Leptin and related mediators of immune-metabolic traffic have attracted increased recognition in the past decade in brain tumor biology, in particular potential implications in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed high and low grade gliomas. Randomized controlled trails are on the way to elaborate the role of leptin and its receptor ObR by targeting and using antidiabetic drugs known to interact with distinct pathways associated with leptin signaling. To date, most of the findings in clinical studies remain preliminary and of heterogenous character, although experimental studies have underpinned the relevance of leptin and ObR in the pathophysiology of brain tumors in general. Abstract Leptin has been recognized as a potential tumor growth promoter in various cancers including cranial tumor pathologies such as pituitary adenomas, meningiomas and gliomas. Despite recent advances in adjunctive therapy and the established surgical resection, chemo- and radiotherapy regimen, glioblastoma multiforme remains a particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenge among the intracranial tumor pathologies, with a poor long-term prognosis. Systemic inflammation and immune-metabolic signaling through diverse pathways are thought to impact the genesis and recurrence of brain tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme in particular. Among the various circulating mediators, leptin has gained especial diagnostic and therapeutic interest, although the precise relationship between leptin and glioblastoma biology remains largely unknown. In this narrative review (MEDLINE/OVID, SCOPUS, PubMed and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles), we discuss the current literature using the following search terms: leptin, glioblastoma multiforme, carcinogenesis, immunometabolism, biomarkers, metformin, antidiabetic medication and metabolic disorders. An increasing body of experimental evidence implicates a relationship between the development and maintenance of gliomas (and brain tumors in general) with a dysregulated central and peripheral immune-metabolic network mediated by circulating adipokines, chemokines and cellular components, and in particular the leptin adipokine. In this review, we summarize the current evidence of the role of leptin in glioblastoma pathophysiology. In addition, we describe the status of alternative diagnostic tools and adjunctive therapeutics targeting leptin, leptin-receptors, antidiabetic drugs and associated pathways. Further experimental and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action and the value of immune-metabolism molecular phenotyping (central and peripheral) in order to develop novel adjunctive diagnostics and therapeutics for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma patients.
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Forma A, Tyczyńska M, Kędzierawski P, Gietka K, Sitarz M. Gastric carcinogenesis: a comprehensive review of the angiogenic pathways. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 14:14-25. [PMID: 33206367 PMCID: PMC7886717 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-020-01295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is undoubtedly one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Since GC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths with nearly one million new diagnoses reported every year, there is a need for the development of new, effective treatment strategies of GC. Gastric carcinogenesis is a complex process that is induced by numerous factors and further stimulated by many pro-oncogenic pathways. Angiogenesis is the process of the new blood vessels formation from the already existing ones and it significantly contributes to the progression of gastric tumorigenesis and the growth of the cancerous tissues. The newly formed vessels provide cancer cells with proper nutrition, growth factors, and oxygen supply that are crucial for tumor growth and progression. Tumor-associated vessels differ from the physiological ones both morphologically and functionally. They are usually inefficient and unevenly distributed due to structural transformations. Thus, the development of the angiogenesis inhibitors that possess therapeutic effects has been the main focus of recent studies. Angiogenesis inhibitors mostly affect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway since it is a major factor that stimulates the pro-angiogenic pathways. The aim of this review was to describe and summarize other promising molecular pathways that might be crucial in further improvements in GC therapies. This article provides an overview of how a meaningful role in tumor progression the angiogenetic process has. Furthermore, this review includes a description of the most important angiogenic factors as well as pathways and their involvement in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierawski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Gietka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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