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Tsuji S, Kudo U, Hatakeyama R, Shoda K, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M. Linagliptin decreased the tumor progression on glioblastoma model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149897. [PMID: 38608433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic drugs and are used for type II diabetes. Previous studies showed that DPP-4 expression is observed in several tumor types and DPP-4 inhibitors suppress the tumor progression on murine tumor models. In this study, we evaluated the role of DPP-4 and the antitumor effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, on glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS We analyzed DPP-4 expression in glioma patients by the public database. We also analyzed DPP-4 expression in GBM cells and the murine GBM model. Then, we evaluated the cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration, and expression of some proteins on GBM cells with linagliptin. Furthermore, we evaluated the antitumor effect of linagliptin in the murine GBM model. RESULTS The upregulation of DPP-4 expression were observed in human GBM tissue and murine GBM model. In addition, DPP-4 expression levels were found to positively correlate with the grade of glioma patients. Linagliptin suppressed cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell migration in GBM cells. Linagliptin changed the expression of phosphorylated NF-kB, cell cycle, and cell adhesion-related proteins. Furthermore, oral administration of linagliptin decreases the tumor progression in the murine GBM model. CONCLUSION Inhibition of DPP-4 by linagliptin showed the antitumor effect on GBM cells and the murine GBM model. The antitumor effects of linagliptin is suggested to be based on the changes in the expression of several proteins related to cell cycle and cell adhesion via the regulation of phosphorylated NF-kB. This study suggested that DPP-4 inhibitors could be a new therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tsuji
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Urara Kudo
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatakeyama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Shoda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Enomoto Y, Matsubara H, Ishihara T, Shoda K, Mizutani D, Egashira Y, Ishii A, Sakamoto M, Sumita K, Nakagawa I, Higashi T, Yoshimura S. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy for stent-assisted coiling or flow diverter placement. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:491-497. [PMID: 37344176 PMCID: PMC11041548 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary to prevent thromboembolic complications after stent-assisted coiling (SAC) or flow-diversion (FD) for cerebral aneurysms, but the optimal antiplatelet regimen remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal DAPT duration in patients with SAC/FD. METHODS This multicenter cohort study enrolled patients who received SAC/FD for cerebral aneurysms at seven Japanese institutions between January 2010 and December 2020. The primary outcome was the time from procedure to the occurrence of a composite of target vessel-related thromboembolic events, procedure-unrelated major bleeding events, or death. The cumulative event-free survival rates were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier curve, and the differences in each outcome between the groups dichotomized by the duration of DAPT were analyzed using the log-rank test. RESULTS Of 632 patients (median observational period, 646 days), primary outcome occurred in 63 patients (10.0%), most frequently within 30 days after the procedure. The cumulative event-free survival rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years after the procedure were 93.3% (91.4 to 95.3%), 91.5% (89.3 to 93.7%), and 89.5% (87.0 to 92.0%), respectively. The cumulative event-free survival rates after switching to monotherapy were similar for the >91 and <90 days DAPT groups in the population limited to patients who were switched from DAPT to monotherapy without major clinical events. CONCLUSIONS Thromboembolic events rarely occurred beyond 30 days after SAC/FD. The duration of DAPT may be shortened if patients have a periprocedural period without events. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine the optimal duration of antiplatelet therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000044122 :https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000050384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Enomoto
- Neurosurgery, Gifu Univeristy Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Shoda
- Neurosurgery, Gifu Univeristy Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizutani
- Neurosurgery, Gifu Univeristy Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Neurosurgery, Gifu Univeristy Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Neurosurgery, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakamoto
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
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Shoda K, Tsuji S, Nakamura S, Egashira Y, Enomoto Y, Nakayama N, Shimazawa M, Iwama T, Hara H. Canagliflozin Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth and Proliferation by Activating AMPK. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:879-892. [PMID: 35435536 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs affecting SGLT2. Recent studies have shown various cancers expressing SGLT2, and SGLT2 inhibitors attenuating tumor proliferation. We evaluated the antitumor activities of canagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, on glioblastoma (GBM). Three GBM cell lines, U251MG (human), U87MG (human), and GL261 (murine), were used. We assessed the expression of SGLT2 of GBM through immunoblotting, specimen-use, cell viability assays, and glucose uptake assay with canagliflozin. Then, we assessed phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p70 S6 kinase, and S6 ribosomal protein by immunoblotting. Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM canagliflozin were used in these tests. We also evaluated cell viability and immunoblotting using U251MG with siRNA knockdown of SGLT2. Furthermore, we divided the mice into vehicle group and canagliflozin group. The canagliflozin group was administrated with 100 mg/kg of canagliflozin orally for 10 days starting from the third days post-GBM transplant. The brains were removed and the tumor volume was evaluated using sections. SGLT2 was expressed in GBM cell and GBM allograft mouse. Canagliflozin administration at 40 μM significantly inhibited cell proliferation and glucose uptake into the cell. Additionally, canagliflozin at 40 μM significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and suppressed that of p70 S6 kinase and S6 ribosomal protein. Similar results of cell viability assays and immunoblotting were obtained using siRNA SGLT2. Furthermore, although less effective than in vitro, the canagliflozin group significantly suppressed tumor growth in GBM-transplanted mice. This suggests that canagliflozin can be used as a potential treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shoda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuji
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Enomoto Y, Shoda K, Mizutani D, Matsubara H, Egashira Y, Iwama T. Platelet reactivity after clopidogrel loading in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:887243. [PMID: 36090856 PMCID: PMC9449631 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.887243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIt remains unclear when sufficient antiplatelet effect is achieved after administration of a loading dose of clopidogrel in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the clopidogrel response in patients with AIS identified by the platelet function test (PFT).MethodsP2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) values measured using VerifyNow at baseline and at 6, 24, and 72 h after administration of a loading dose (300 mg) of clopidogrel were compared between patients with AIS and those of other cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence of clopidogrel abnormal response and its associated factors were examined.ResultsThe PRU value was significantly reduced with time in the other CVD group (p < 0.0001), and also in the AIS group (p = 0.0073). The PRU values were significantly higher in the AIS group than in the other CVD group (p < 0.0001 between the groups, baseline: 314 ± 53 vs. 284 ± 62, p = 0.35; 6 h: 290 ± 66 vs. 214 ± 71, p = 0.016; 24 h: 270 ± 75 vs. 190 ± 70, p < 0.0001; and 72 h: 231 ± 76 vs. 163 ± 93, p = 0.105). The prevalence of clopidogrel hypo-responder (PRU > 240 at 24 h after administration) was higher in the AIS group (79 vs. 33%, p < 0.0001) and associated with the baseline PRU value but not with the cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype or clinical ischemic events.ConclusionsResidual platelet reactivity at 24 h after clopidogrel loading was substantially higher in patients with AIS than in patients with other CVD. In addition, most patients with AIS were judged to be hypo-responders on PFT. This should be carefully interpreted in patients with AIS because of poor specificity for predicting clinical ischemic events.
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Shoda K, Ohe N, Sasai H, Miyai M, Ohnishi H, Iwama T. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus in a patient with achondroplasia: a case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3907-3911. [PMID: 33779806 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus, a complication of achondroplasia, requires treatment when it is symptomatic. Hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia is often treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is rarely performed in these patients. Here, we report the case of an 18-month-old boy with achondroplasia and progressive hydrocephalus who underwent ETV. He had a family history of achondroplasia and was diagnosed with achondroplasia at birth. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the age of 1 month showed no hydrocephalus. At the age of 15 months, he was admitted to our hospital due to increased head circumference. He had developmental delays, and MRI showed hydrocephalus with ballooning of the third ventricle. The ETV success score was 80 points; therefore, we performed ETV. Postoperatively, the progression of head circumference increase was controlled. The ventricular size remained unchanged on MRI at 13 months after surgery. Recently, an association between non-communicating hydrocephalus and achondroplasia has been reported. Depending on age and imaging findings, ETV may be effective in some patients with achondroplasia with hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Ohe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hideo Sasai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ogaki Tokusyukai Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Shoda K, Enomoto Y, Egashira Y, Kinoshita T, Mizutani D, Iwama T. Long-term complications after stent assist coiling dependent on clopidogrel response. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:247. [PMID: 34182941 PMCID: PMC8237461 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary for stent assisted coiling. However, long term use of DAPT has a potential risk of hemorrhagic events. We aimed to examine the relationship between clopidogrel reactivity and complications. METHODS Patients who underwent stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms or previously treated aneurysms and received periprocedural DAPT in our institution between August 2011 to March 2020 were included. Platelet reactivity for clopidogrel was measured by VerifyNow assay system, and we defined the cut off value of P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU) at 208 and classified patients as hypo-responders (PRU≧208) or responders (PRU<208). The rates of hemorrhagic and thrombotic events within 30 days (acute phase) and 30 days after the procedure (delayed phase) were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, changes in hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the procedure and at chronic stages (1 to 6 months thereafter). RESULTS From 61 patients included in this study, 36 patients were hypo-responders and 25 patients were responders. Hemorrhagic events occurred 8.0% only in responders in the acute phase (p = 0.16), and 2.78% in hypo-responders and 20.0% in responders in the delayed phase (p = 0.037). Changes in hemoglobin levels before and after the procedure were 1.22 g/dl in hypo-responders and 1.74 g/dl in responders (p = 0.032) while before the procedure and chronic stages they were 0.39 g/dl in hypo-responders and 1.39 g/dl in responders (p < 0.01). Thrombotic events were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Long term use of DAPT after stent assisted coiling is related to hemorrhagic events in the delayed phase. Preventing for hemorrhagic events, the duration of DAPT should be carefully considered in clopidogrel responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizutani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Yamaguchi T, Makiguchi T, Nakamura H, Yamatsu Y, Hirai Y, Shoda K, Suzuki K, Kim M, Kurozumi S, Motegi SI, Shirabe K, Yokoo S. Impact of muscle volume loss on acute oral mucositis in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy after oral cancer resection. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 50:1195-1202. [PMID: 33414037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between skeletal muscle mass depletion and severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy after oral cancer resection. Skeletal muscle mass was evaluated in 60 patients using the skeletal muscle index, which was based on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (on computed tomography) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. In accordance with the grading criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, patients with a grade ≥3 were defined as having severe oral mucositis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent risk factors for severe oral mucositis. Eleven patients (18.3%) were diagnosed with low skeletal muscle mass. Severe oral mucositis occurred in 17 (28.3%) patients, and the mean skeletal muscle index was 42.8 cm2/m2. A low skeletal muscle mass (hazard ratio 18.1; P=0.001) and a chemotherapy regimen consisting of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (versus cisplatin only) (hazard ratio 5.5; P=0.015) were independent risk factors for severe oral mucositis. Future prospective studies are warranted to identify effective pre- and perioperative exercises and nutrition programmes to increase low skeletal muscle mass and reduce the incidence of severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy after oral cancer resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - T Makiguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - H Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Yamatsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Hirai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Shoda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Suzuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - M Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - S Kurozumi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - S I Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - S Yokoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Ganesh S, Shoda K, Amano K, Uchiyama A, Kumada S, Moriyama N, Hirose S, Yamakawa K. Mutation screening for Japanese Lafora's disease patients: identification of novel sequence variants in the coding and upstream regulatory regions of EPM2A gene. Mol Cell Probes 2001; 15:281-9. [PMID: 11735300 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Lafora type (LD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the EPM2A gene. We demonstrated recently that EPM2A encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase that is primarily associated with polyribosomes. In the present study, we screened for mutations in the EPM2A gene in 4 Japanese LD families and identified a novel mis-sense mutation, Ala46Pro (136G-->C), in heterozygous condition in one patient. In addition, sequence analyses in the patient and control DNA samples identified 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (75G/A, 120G/T, 159C/G, 171C/T) in the coding region and a novel insertion/deletion polymorphic site (-483[T](11/10)[A](2/3)) and a SNP (-547A/G) in the putative regulatory region of the EPM2A gene. None of the sequence variants, however, co-segregated with the LD phenotype. Haplotype analysis for the 6q24 region in the affected families revealed lack of homozygosity at the EPM2A locus. Our studies suggest that EPM2A is not involved in the disease phenotype of the 4 families studied and that locus heterogeneity for LD may exist in Japanese population also. A simple test described for the detection of Ala46Pro mutation present heterozygously in Japanese population (allele frequency 0.026) can be used for screening this novel allele in a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganesh
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Ganesh S, Agarwala KL, Ueda K, Akagi T, Shoda K, Usui T, Hashikawa T, Osada H, Delgado-Escueta AV, Yamakawa K. Laforin, defective in the progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Lafora type, is a dual-specificity phosphatase associated with polyribosomes. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:2251-61. [PMID: 11001928 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.hmg.a018916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Lafora type is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the EPM2A gene. EPM2A is predicted to encode a putative tyrosine phosphatase protein, named laforin, whose full sequence has not yet been reported. In order to understand the function of the EPM2A gene, we isolated a full-length cDNA, raised an antibody and characterized its protein product. The full-length clone predicts a 38 kDa laforin that was very close to the size detected in transfected cells. Recombinant laforin was able to hydrolyze phosphotyrosine as well as phosphoserine/threonine substrates, demonstrating that laforin is an active dual-specificity phosphatase. Biochemical, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies on the full-length laforin expressed in HeLa cells revealed that laforin is a cytoplasmic protein associated with polyribosomes, possibly through a conformation-dependent protein-protein interaction. We analyzed the intracellular targeting of two laforin mutants with missense mutations. Expression of both mutants resulted in ubiquitin-positive perinuclear aggregates suggesting that they were misfolded proteins targeted for degradation. Our results suggest that laforin is involved in translational regulation and that protein misfolding may be one of the molecular bases of the Lafora disease phenotype caused by missense mutations in the EPM2A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganesh
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics and Neural Architecture Laboratory, Brain Science Institute and Antibiotics Laboratory, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Abstract
Heteroblasty in Arabidopsis thaliana was analyzed in a variety of plants with mutations in leaf morphology using a tissue-specific beta-glucuronidase gene marker. Some mutants exhibited their mutant phenotypes specifically in foliage leaves. The phenotypes associated with the foliage-leaf-specific mutations were also found to be induced ectopically in cotyledons in the presence of the lec1 mutation. Moreover, the features of an emfl lec1 double mutant showed that cotyledons can be partially converted into carpelloids. When heteroblastic traits were examined in foliage leaves in the presence of certain mutations or natural deviations by histochemical analysis of the expression of the tissue-specific marker gene, it was found that ectopic expression of the developmental program for the first foliage leaves in lec1 cotyledons seemed to affect the heteroblastic features of the first set of foliage leaves, while foliage leaves beyond the third position appeared normal. Similarly, in wild-type plants, discrepancies in heteroblastic features, relative to standard features, of foliage leaves at early positions seemed to be eliminated in foliage leaves at later positions. These results suggest that heteroblasty in foliage leaves might be affected in part by the heteroblastic stage of the preceding foliage leaves but is finally controlled autonomously at each leaf position.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsukaya
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Shiraishi H, Ishii K, Takahashi S, Shoda K, Higashimoto T, Uki J, Ishihara I, Kojima T. [Differential diagnosis of schizophrenic symptoms complicated with brain anomalies including bilateral temporal arachnoid cysts by eye mark recorder and PET: a case study]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1999; 101:350-67. [PMID: 10375980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral temporal arachnoid cysts and other intracranial congenital lesions including a moderately large left temporal arachnoid cyst accompanied by remarkable dysplasia of the temporal lobe in particular were discovered by chance during computerized axial tomography of a 26-year-old Japanese male who had been diagnosed as schizophrenia approximately 10 years earlier. A detailed re-assessment revealed no other organic symptoms or signs. His symptoms and clinical course met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, disorganized type. Based on his symptoms, positron emission tomography (PET) and the eye-movement recording test developed by Kojima et al. were performed. In addition, psychological tests including WAIS, Rorschach Test, and Wechsler's Memory Test were administered for further differential diagnosis. PET using continuous inhalation of oxygen 15-gas revealed a regional decrease in CBF and CMRO2 in the superior medial frontal lobe including the anterior cingulate gylus, findings sometimes associated with schizophrenia. However, no abnormal findings were noted around the arachnoid cysts. In the eye-movement recording test, several parameters including the responsive search score (RSS) were about the same level as that commonly observed in schizophrenics and are classified as schizophrenia by discrimination analysis. The psychological tests offered no reason to doubt the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Thus, the patient was diagnosed as schizophrenia with arachnoid cysts and other intracranial lesions. The way of diagnosis we used here might bring forth a breakthrough in schizophrenia research by differentiating schizophrenia from the other organic brain diseases.
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Yamaya T, Saitoh M, Yamazaki H, Taniuchi T, Shoda K, Tsubota H. Dipole strengths in 11Be from electroproduction of charged pions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:493-499. [PMID: 9970089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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13
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Tokunaga K, Shoda K, Nishino Y, Mori S, Zhong Q, Zheng YH, Kishi M, Ishihara C, Kanda M, Ikuta K. Maintenance of high virus load even after seroconversion in newborn cats acutely infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vaccine 1995; 13:1393-8. [PMID: 8578815 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00073-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The viral loads in adult and newborn cats have been compared following injection with feline CD4+ FeL-039 line cells acutely infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The level of virus genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased progressively despite seroconversion in the newborn cats, whereas the virus genome was apparently cleared after seroconversion in the adult cats. Immunohistochemical staining of thymus of the FIV-infected newborn cats showed clusters of viral antigen-positive cells. These results indicate that FIV infection of the newborn cat results in higher virus loads than infection of the adult cat. We discuss these findings in relation to FIV as a model system for studies of the infection of neonates with an immunosuppressive retrovirus.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/growth & development
- Animals, Newborn/virology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/blood
- Base Sequence
- Cats
- Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology
- Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Genome, Viral
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/genetics
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/immunology
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/physiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thymus Gland/virology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tokunaga
- Section of Serology, Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Zubanov D, Thompson MN, Jury JW, Shoda K. 13C(e,p0,1)12B differential cross section. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:1545-1550. [PMID: 9969377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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15
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Yamazaki M, Shoda K, Torikoshi M, Sasaki O, Tsubota H. Angular distributions of pi + in the 10B( gamma, pi +) reaction leading to low-lying states of 10Be. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1986; 34:1123-1126. [PMID: 9953558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.34.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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16
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Shoda K, Torikoshi M, Sasaki O, Tyama S, Kobayashi T, Kagaya A, Tsubota H. Spin-dipole isovector resonances in 12C and 6Li by positive photopion production. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1986; 33:2179-2182. [PMID: 9953404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.33.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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17
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Pywell RE, Thompson MN, Shoda K, Sugawara M, Saito T, Tsubota H, Miyase H, Uegaki J, Tamae T, Ohashi H, Urano T. Charged Particle Photoemission from 42Ca. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1071/ph800685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Experimental results are presented for the cross sections measured at 90� of the reactions 42Ca(y, p), 42Ca(y, Po) and 42Ca(y, 1(0) between excitation energies 16 and 28 MeV.
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Kanao K, Ishihara S, Honda M, Ogawa T, Shoda K. [Investigation of measurement method for thyroxine using dried filter paper blood (author's transl)]. Horumon To Rinsho 1979; 27:553-6. [PMID: 455765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Sugawara M, Ichinohe T, Urasawa S, Oyamada M, Kubota T, Kurihara A, Konno O, Shibazaki Y, Terasawa T, Nakahara K, Nemoto S, Muto M, Shoda K, Torizuka Y. Performance of an energy compressing system for the Tohoku 300 MeV Linac. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(78)90970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Abstract
A high resolution measurement of the 54Pe(y, n) cross section is reported. This and a previously measured 54Pe(y, p) cross section are discussed in terms of the isospin splitting of the El giant dipole.
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21
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Kimura M, Torizuka Y, Shoda K, Sugawara M, Saito T, Oyamada M, Nakahara K, Itoh K, Sugiyama K, Gotoh M, Miyashita K, Kurahashi K. Detector system for the analysis of scattered electrons in Tohoku University 300-MeV linac. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(71)90538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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