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Zhou Y, Han W, Feng Y, Wang Y, Sun T, Xu J. Microbial metabolites affect tumor progression, immunity and therapy prediction by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:73. [PMID: 38847233 PMCID: PMC11173369 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the gut microbiome and tumor microbiota may affect tumors. Emerging metabolomics research illustrates the need to examine the variations in microbial metabolite composition between patients with cancer and healthy individuals. Microbial metabolites can impact the progression of tumors and the immune response by influencing a number of mechanisms, including modulation of the immune system, cancer or immune‑related signaling pathways, epigenetic modification of proteins and DNA damage. Microbial metabolites can also alleviate side effects and drug resistance during chemotherapy and immunotherapy, while effectively activating the immune system to exert tumor immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact of microbial metabolites on tumor immunity can be both beneficial and harmful, potentially influenced by the concentration of the metabolites or the specific cancer type. The present review summarizes the roles of various microbial metabolites in different solid tumors, alongside their influence on tumor immunity and treatment. Additionally, clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic effects of microbial metabolites or related microbes on patients with cancer have been listed. In summary, studying microbial metabolites, which play a crucial role in the interaction between the microbiota and tumors, could lead to the identification of new supplementary treatments for cancer. This has the potential to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment and enhance patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Schwarcz S, Nyerges P, Bíró TI, Janka E, Bai P, Mikó E. Cytostatic Bacterial Metabolites Interfere with 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel Efficiency in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3073. [PMID: 38999024 PMCID: PMC11243325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is capable of modulating the bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs, mainly due to metabolizing these agents. Multiple cytostatic bacterial metabolites were recently identified that have cytostatic effects on cancer cells. In this study, we addressed the question of whether a set of cytostatic bacterial metabolites (cadaverine, indolepropionic acid and indoxylsulfate) can interfere with the cytostatic effects of the chemotherapy agents used in the management of breast cancer (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, irinotecan, methotrexate, rucaparib, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel). The chemotherapy drugs were applied in a wide concentration range to which a bacterial metabolite was added in a concentration within its serum reference range, and the effects on cell proliferation were assessed. There was no interference between gemcitabine, irinotecan, methotrexate or rucaparib and the bacterial metabolites. Nevertheless, cadaverine and indolepropionic acid modulated the Hill coefficient of the inhibitory curve of doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. Changes to the Hill coefficient implicate alterations to the kinetics of the binding of the chemotherapy agents to their targets. These effects have an unpredictable significance from the clinical or pharmacological perspective. Importantly, indolepropionic acid decreased the IC50 value of paclitaxel, which is a potentially advantageous combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandra Schwarcz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Nyerges
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Ingrid Bíró
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Janka
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Allergology Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Yamada M, Jinno H, Naruse S, Isono Y, Maeda Y, Sato A, Matsumoto A, Ikeda T, Sugimoto M. Predictive analysis of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy through plasma metabolomics. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07370-2. [PMID: 38740665 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative chemotherapy is a critical component of breast cancer management, yet its effectiveness is not uniform. Moreover, the adverse effects associated with chemotherapy necessitate the identification of a patient subgroup that would derive the maximum benefit from this treatment. This study aimed to establish a method for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients utilizing a metabolomic approach. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 87 breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our facility, collected both before the commencement of the treatment and before the second treatment cycle. Metabolite analysis was conducted using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We performed comparative profiling of metabolite concentrations by assessing the metabolite profiles of patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) against those who did not, both in initial and subsequent treatment cycles. RESULTS Significant variances were observed in the metabolite profiles between pCR and non-pCR cases, both at the onset of preoperative chemotherapy and before the second cycle. Noteworthy distinctions were also evident between the metabolite profiles from the initial and the second neoadjuvant chemotherapy courses. Furthermore, metabolite profiles exhibited variations associated with intrinsic subtypes at all assessed time points. CONCLUSION The application of plasma metabolomics, utilizing CE-MS and LC-MS, may serve as a tool for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer in the future after all necessary validations have been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Jinno
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
| | - Saki Naruse
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Yuka Isono
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Ayana Sato
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
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4
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Zhou M, Sun W, Chu J, Liao Y, Xu P, Chen X, Li M. Identification of novel biomarkers for frailty diagnosis via serum amino acids metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024; 18:e2300035. [PMID: 38196151 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to analyze serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients, gain a better understanding of the metabolic mechanisms in frailty, and assess the diagnostic value of metabolomics-based biomarkers of frailty. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study utilized the ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to examine amino acids associated with frailty. Additionally, we employed multivariate statistical methods, metabolomic data analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Among the assayed amino acid metabolites, we identified biomarkers for frailty. ROC curve analysis for frailty diagnosis based on the modified Fried's frailty index showed that the areas under ROC curve of tryptophan, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and combination were 0.775, 0.679, 0.667, and 0.807, respectively. ROC curve analysis for frailty diagnosis based on Frail Scale showed that the areas under ROC curve of cystine, phenylalanine, and combination of amino acids (cystine, L-Glutamine, citrulline, tyrosine, kynurenine, phenylalanine, glutamin acid) were 0.834, 0.708, and 0.854 respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, we explored the serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of frailty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Frailty is a clinical syndrome, as a consequence it is challenging to identify at early course of the disease, even based on the existing frailty scales. Early diagnosis and appropriate patient management are the key to improve the survival and limit disabilities in frailty patients. Proven by the extensive laboratory and clinical studies on frailty, comprehensive analysis of metabolic levels in frail patients, identification of biomarkers and study of pathogenic pathways of metabolites contribute to the prediction and early diagnosis of frailty. In this study, we explored the serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhou
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Chu
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Chen
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Nair A, Tungare K, De A, Jobby R. Probing the Potential: Exploring Probiotics as a Novel Frontier in Cancer Prevention and Therapeutics. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:77-90. [PMID: 38505914 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2023049792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, with a consistent rise in the number of cases observed over the past few decades. The rising mortality rates associated with cancer have transformed it into a significant global challenge. Despite the presence of various anti-cancer drugs, the complete eradication of cancer remains an elusive goal. The numerous undesirable effects associated with cancer therapy further emphasize the importance of developing an alternative technique of cancer treatment. Recent research has established the beneficial effects of a probiotic diet or supplementation against cancer without displaying any detrimental consequences. An alteration in the gut microbiome balance in humans can result in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Probiotics play a pivotal role in restoring the balance of gut flora, potentially contributing to cancer prevention. Furthermore, they have the capacity to curb the invasion and dissemination of infections that carry the risk of triggering cancer. Probiotics can combat cancer in various ways, such as by eliciting and boosting the immune response, secreting metabolites, preventing cancer cells from metastasizing, inhibiting carcinogenic chemicals, and mitigating their toxicity, etc. The present review intends to outline the significance of probiotics and their underlying mechanisms in combating various cancer types. Additionally, this review highlights the benefits of probiotic use in pre- and post-operative cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Nair
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra - Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, CBD Belapur-400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ameyota De
- D. Y. Patil School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra
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Dalal N, Makharia GK, Dalal M, Mohan A, Singh R, Kumar A. Gut Metabolite Indoxyl Sulfate Has Selective Deleterious and Anticancer Effect on Colon Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2023; 66:17074-17085. [PMID: 38103027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of reports about anticancer activity of indole derivatives. In this study, we investigated the role of indoxyl sulfate (IS) for its selective anticancer activity on colon cancer cells. IS treatment on HCT-116 and HT-29 human epithelial adenocarcinoma cells led to a decrease in cell proliferation, cell viability, and ATP content. Colon cancer cells showed a 10% increase in cell apoptosis in comparison to control. Due to IS treatment, cell morphology got distorted, cell number found decreased, intracellular vesicles formed, and cells were found floating in the media. Cells also showed a loss in membrane integrity and a decrease in colony-forming ability and ceased at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. No significant change was noted in the level of inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNF-α, histology, length of intestine, and spleen after 100 mM IS treatment to balb/c mice. These observations indicate the selective anticancer effect of IS on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Dalal
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monu Dalal
- ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi 110077, India
| | - Anand Mohan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
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Opitz CA, Holfelder P, Prentzell MT, Trump S. The complex biology of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in cancer and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115798. [PMID: 37696456 PMCID: PMC10570930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway is a complex regulatory network that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including cellular metabolism, development, and immune responses. The complexity of AHR signaling arises from multiple factors, including the diverse ligands that activate the receptor, the expression level of AHR itself, and its interaction with the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT). Additionally, the AHR crosstalks with the AHR repressor (AHRR) or other transcription factors and signaling pathways and it can also mediate non-genomic effects. Finally, posttranslational modifications of the AHR and its interaction partners, epigenetic regulation of AHR and its target genes, as well as AHR-mediated induction of enzymes that degrade AHR-activating ligands may contribute to the context-specificity of AHR activation. Understanding the complexity of AHR signaling is crucial for deciphering its physiological and pathological roles and developing therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway. Ongoing research continues to unravel the intricacies of AHR signaling, shedding light on the regulatory mechanisms controlling its diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Opitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pauline Holfelder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Shadboorestan A, Koual M, Dairou J, Coumoul X. The Role of the Kynurenine/AhR Pathway in Diseases Related to Metabolism and Cancer. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231185102. [PMID: 37719171 PMCID: PMC10503295 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231185102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a xenobiotic and endobiotic receptor, which regulates many cellular processes from contaminant metabolism to immunomodulation. Consequently, it is also involved in pathophysiological pathways and now represents a potential therapeutical target. In this review, we will highlight the ancestral function of the protein together with an illustration of its ligand's battery, emphasizing the different responses triggered by these high diverse molecules. Among them, several members of the kynurenine pathway (one key process of tryptophan catabolism) are AhR agonists and are subsequently involved in regulatory functions. We will finally display the interplay between Tryptophan (Trp) catabolism and dysregulation in metabolic pathways drawing hypothesis on the involvement of the AhR pathway in these cancer-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meriem Koual
- T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Gynecologic and Breast Oncologic Surgery Department, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Ujlaki G, Kovács T, Vida A, Kókai E, Rauch B, Schwarcz S, Mikó E, Janka E, Sipos A, Hegedűs C, Uray K, Nagy P, Bai P. Identification of Bacterial Metabolites Modulating Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Molecules 2023; 28:5898. [PMID: 37570868 PMCID: PMC10420980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients are characterized by the oncobiotic transformation of multiple microbiome communities, including the gut microbiome. Oncobiotic transformation of the gut microbiome impairs the production of antineoplastic bacterial metabolites. The goal of this study was to identify bacterial metabolites with antineoplastic properties. We constructed a 30-member bacterial metabolite library and screened the library compounds for effects on cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The metabolites were applied to 4T1 murine breast cancer cells in concentrations corresponding to the reference serum concentrations. However, yric acid, glycolic acid, d-mannitol, 2,3-butanediol, and trans-ferulic acid exerted cytostatic effects, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid exerted hyperproliferative effects. Furthermore, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-butanediol, and hydrocinnamic acid inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition. We identified redox sets among the metabolites (d-mannitol-d-mannose, 1-butanol-butyric acid, ethylene glycol-glycolic acid-oxalic acid), wherein only one partner within the set (d-mannitol, butyric acid, glycolic acid) possessed bioactivity in our system, suggesting that changes to the local redox potential may affect the bacterial secretome. Of the nine bioactive metabolites, 2,3-butanediol was the only compound with both cytostatic and anti-EMT properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Endre Kókai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Boglára Rauch
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Szandra Schwarcz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Eszter Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (T.K.); (A.V.); (E.K.); (B.R.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.); (K.U.)
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group ELKH, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Li S. Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1209613. [PMID: 37521424 PMCID: PMC10382180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, the 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway (also the Serotonin pathway), and the Microbial pathway. Of these, the Microbial Trp metabolic pathways in the gut have recently been extensively studied for their production of bioactive molecules. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial Trp metabolites can influence the development and progression of various diseases, including inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, by mediating the body's immunity. This review briefly outlines the crosstalk between gut microorganisms and Trp metabolism in the body, starting from the three metabolic pathways of Trp. The mechanisms by which microbial Trp metabolites act on organism immunity are summarized, and the potential implications for disease prevention and treatment are highlighted.
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Di Paola R, De A, Izhar R, Abate M, Zappavigna S, Capasso A, Perna AF, La Russa A, Capasso G, Caraglia M, Simeoni M. Possible Effects of Uremic Toxins p-Cresol, Indoxyl Sulfate, p-Cresyl Sulfate on the Development and Progression of Colon Cancer in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1257. [PMID: 37372437 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces several systemic effects, including the accumulation and production of uremic toxins responsible for the activation of various harmful processes. Gut dysbiosis has been widely described in CKD patients, even in the early stages of the disease. The abundant discharge of urea and other waste substances into the gut favors the selection of an altered intestinal microbiota in CKD patients. The prevalence of bacteria with fermentative activity leads to the release and accumulation in the gut and in the blood of several substances, such as p-Cresol (p-C), Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) and p-Cresyl Sulfate (p-CS). Since these metabolites are normally eliminated in the urine, they tend to accumulate in the blood of CKD patients proportionally to renal impairment. P-CS, IS and p-C play a fundamental role in the activation of various pro-tumorigenic processes, such as chronic systemic inflammation, the increase in the production of free radicals and immune dysfunction. An up to two-fold increase in the incidence of colon cancer development in CKD has been reported in several studies, although the pathogenic mechanisms explaining this compelling association have not yet been described. Based on our literature review, it appears likely the hypothesis of a role of p-C, IS and p-CS in colon cancer development and progression in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Paola
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ananya De
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raafiah Izhar
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Abate
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 75063, USA
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella La Russa
- Department of Sperimental Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l. Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Viswanathan S, Parida S, Lingipilli BT, Krishnan R, Podipireddy DR, Muniraj N. Role of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer and Drug Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030468. [PMID: 36986390 PMCID: PMC10058520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The cause of cancer is multifactorial. An early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of cancer can improve the chances of survival. Recent studies have shown that breast cancer is influenced by the microbiota. Different microbial signatures have been identified in the breast microbiota, which have different patterns depending on the stage and biological subgroups. The human digestive system contains approximately 100 trillion bacteria. The gut microbiota is an emerging field of research that is associated with specific biological processes in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, brain disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. In this review article, we discuss the impact of the microbiota on breast cancer, with a primary focus on the gut microbiota’s regulation of the breast cancer microenvironment. Ultimately, updates on how immunotherapy can affect the breast cancer-based microbiome and further clinical trials on the breast and microbiome axis may be an important piece of the puzzle in better predicting breast cancer risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheetal Parida
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Bhuvana Teja Lingipilli
- Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Deemed University, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramalingam Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Rao Podipireddy
- Rangaraya Medical College, Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences, Kakinada 533001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, 111, Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-476-2466
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Barrea L, Verde L, Auriemma RS, Vetrani C, Cataldi M, Frias-Toral E, Pugliese G, Camajani E, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Probiotics and Prebiotics: Any Role in Menopause-Related Diseases? Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:83-97. [PMID: 36746877 PMCID: PMC9974675 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the menopause-related changes in microbiota and their role in the pathogenesis of menopause-related diseases. In addition, evidence on probiotic supplementation as a therapeutic strategy is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS The human microbiota is a complex community that lives in a mutualism relationship with the host. Menopause is associated with dysbiosis, and these changes in the composition of microbiota in different sites (gut, vaginal, and oral microbiota) might play a role in the pathogenesis of menopause-related diseases (i.e., osteoporosis, breast cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, periodontitis, and cardiometabolic diseases). The present review highlights the pivotal role of microbiota in postmenopausal women health, in particular it (a) may increase intestinal calcium absorption thus preventing osteoporosis, (b) is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer and type 1 endometrial hyperplasia, (c) reduces gingival inflammation and menopausal periodontitis, and (d) beneficially affects multiple cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., obesity, inflammation, and blood glucose and lipid metabolism). However, whether oral probiotic supplementation might be used for the treatment of menopause-related dysbiosis requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Kacsir I, Sipos A, Kiss T, Major E, Bajusz N, Tóth E, Buglyó P, Somsák L, Kardos G, Bai P, Bokor É. Half sandwich-type osmium, ruthenium, iridium and rhodium complexes with bidentate glycosyl heterocyclic ligands induce cytostasis in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells and bacteriostasis in Gram-positive multiresistant bacteria. Front Chem 2023; 11:1086267. [PMID: 36793764 PMCID: PMC9923724 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1086267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of and resistance to platinum complexes as cisplatin, oxaliplatin or carboplatin calls for the replacement of these therapeutic agents in clinical settings. We have previously identified a set of half sandwich-type osmium, ruthenium and iridium complexes with bidentate glycosyl heterocyclic ligands exerting specific cytostatic activity on cancer cells but not on non-transformed primary cells. The apolar nature of the complexes, conferred by large, apolar benzoyl protective groups on the hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate moiety, was the main molecular feature to induce cytostasis. We exchanged the benzoyl protective groups to straight chain alkanoyl groups with varying length (3 to 7 carbon units) that increased the IC50 value as compared to the benzoyl-protected complexes and rendered the complexes toxic. These results suggest a need for aromatic groups in the molecule. The pyridine moiety of the bidentate ligand was exchanged for a quinoline group to enlarge the apolar surface of the molecule. This modification decreased the IC50 value of the complexes. The complexes containing [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(II)], [(η6-p-cymene)Os(II)] or [(η5-Cp*)Ir(III)] were biologically active unlike the complex containing [(η5-Cp*)Rh(III)]. The complexes with cytostatic activity were active on ovarian cancer (A2780, ID8), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Capan2), sarcoma (Saos) and lymphoma cell lines (L428), but not on primary dermal fibroblasts and their activity was dependent on reactive oxygen species production. Importantly, these complexes were cytostatic on cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells with similar IC50 values as on cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells. In addition, the quinoline-containing Ru and Os complexes and the short chain alkanoyl-modified complexes (C3 and C4) proved to be bacteriostatic in multiresistant Gram-positive Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Hereby, we identified a set of complexes with submicromolar to low micromolar inhibitory constants against a wide range of cancer cells, including platinum resistant cells and against multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Kacsir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Evelin Major
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Bajusz
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group ELKH, Debrecen, Hungary,*Correspondence: Péter Bai, ; Éva Bokor,
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,*Correspondence: Péter Bai, ; Éva Bokor,
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15
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Parida S, Siddharth S, Xia Y, Sharma D. Concomitant analyses of intratumoral microbiota and genomic features reveal distinct racial differences in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36702853 PMCID: PMC9880005 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial disparities are most accentuated among Black women as their lifetime risk of breast cancer incidence is lower than white and Asian women but their breast cancer related mortality is the highest among all races. Black women are more likely to develop triple-negative breast cancer at a younger age and harbor more aggressive tumors. In addition to tumor-centric alterations, tumor growth is also influenced by multiple other tumor microenvironment-related features, including resident immune cells and microbiota. Hence, in this study, we conduct concurrent genomic and metagenomic analyses, and uncover distinctive intratumoral microbial community compositions and tumor immune microenvironment-related traits in breast tumors from Asian, Black and white women. Interestingly, unique racially associated genomic nodes are found in the breast tumors from Asian, Black and white women. Examination of the cellular heterogeneity show differential enrichment of 11 out of 64 immune and stroma cell types in the breast tumors from different racial groups. In terms of microbial diversity, significant differences are revealed in alpha and beta-diversity measures. Intriguingly, potential race-specific microbial biomarkers of breast cancer are identified which significantly correlate with genes involved with tumor aggressiveness, angiogenesis, tumor cell migration and metastasis as well as oncogenic pathways-GLI and Notch. Investigating the metabolic features of intratumoral microbes, we find a significant differential enrichment of environmental information processing pathways, oncogenic pathways, and lipid metabolism pathways. Concomitantly investigating tumor-centric, tumor immune microenvironment-related and microbial alterations, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of racial disparities in breast cancer and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Parida
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuqing Xia
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Its Ligands in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225574. [PMID: 36428667 PMCID: PMC9688153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease which is defined by numerous cellular and molecular markers that can be used to develop more targeted and successful therapies. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in many breast tumor sub-types, including estrogen receptor -positive (ER+) tumors; however, the prognostic value of the AhR for breast cancer patient survival is not consistent between studies. Moreover, the functional role of the AhR in various breast cancer cell lines is also variable and exhibits both tumor promoter- and tumor suppressor- like activity and the AhR is expressed in both ER-positive and ER-negative cells/tumors. There is strong evidence demonstrating inhibitory AhR-Rα crosstalk where various AhR ligands induce ER degradation. It has also been reported that different structural classes of AhR ligands, including halogenated aromatics, polynuclear aromatics, synthetic drugs and other pharmaceuticals, health promoting phytochemical-derived natural products and endogenous AhR-active compounds inhibit one or more of breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration/invasion, and metastasis. AhR-dependent mechanisms for the inhibition of breast cancer by AhR agonists are variable and include the downregulation of multiple genes/gene products such as CXCR4, MMPs, CXCL12, SOX4 and the modulation of microRNA levels. Some AhR ligands, such as aminoflavone, have been investigated in clinical trials for their anticancer activity against breast cancer. In contrast, several publications have reported that AhR agonists and antagonists enhance and inhibit mammary carcinogenesis, respectively, and differences between the anticancer activities of AhR agonists in breast cancer may be due in part to cell context and ligand structure. However, there are reports showing that the same AhR ligand in the same breast cancer cell line gives opposite results. These differences need to be resolved in order to further develop and take advantage of promising agents that inhibit mammary carcinogenesis by targeting the AhR.
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17
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Zhao Q, Chen T, Ni C, Hu Y, Nan Y, Lin W, Liu Y, Zheng F, Shi X, Lin Z, Zhu J, Lin Z. Indole-3-propionic Acid Attenuates HI-Related Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Neonatal Rats by Modulating the PXR Signaling Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2897-2912. [PMID: 36129348 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier of the human body contributing to maintaining brain homeostasis and normal function. Hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is one of the main causes of neonatal acute morbidity and chronic disability. The previous research of our group confirmed that there was serious BBB destruction during HI brain injury. However, at present, the protection strategy of BBB is very limited, and further research on the protection mechanism is warranted. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a bacterial metabolism with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, having neuroprotective effects and protective effects on the mucosal barrier. However, the role of IPA in BBB is not clear. In this research, we demonstrated the protective effect of IPA on BBB disruption from HI brain injury and hypothesized that it involves the amelioration of inflammation, oxidative stress, and MMP activation, thereby inhibiting apoptosis of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs). We demonstrated that expression levels of several inflammatory markers, including iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, were significantly increased from HI damage or OGD injury. However, IPA treatment inhibited the increase significantly. Moreover, we demonstrated that IPA reduced intracellular ROS levels and MMP activation in rBMECs from OGD injury. Further research on the underlying detailed molecular mechanisms suggested that IPA attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of the relationship between PXR activation and NF-κB inhibition. The results suggested overexpression of PXR in rBMECs could significantly counteract the decrease of junction proteins and downregulate the increased p-IκB-α and p-NF-κB from OGD injury. However, the protective effects of IPA were reversed by antagonists of the PXR. Taken together, IPA might mitigate HI-induced damage of the BBB and the protective effect may be exerted through modulating the PXR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yan Nan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of PICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Feixia Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xulai Shi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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18
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Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091244. [PMID: 36139083 PMCID: PMC9496174 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver health plays a vital role in human health and disease. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease, and liver failure. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, AHR can be activated by endogenous ligands of microbial metabolites such as tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn) or indole derivatives locally or distantly. However, the therapeutic effects of the gut microbiota-regulated AHR pathway remain to be clarified. In this review, we summarize recent progress and examine the role of AHR signaling as a target for gut microbiota intervention in liver diseases. The focus on AHR signaling will identify a promising target in the gut microbiota for better understanding and therapeutic opportunities in liver diseases.
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Hubková B, Valko-Rokytovská M, Čižmárová B, Zábavníková M, Mareková M, Birková A. Tryptophan: Its Metabolism along the Kynurenine, Serotonin, and Indole Pathway in Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169160. [PMID: 36012419 PMCID: PMC9408957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tryptophan metabolism is known to be one of the important mechanisms used by cancer to evade immune surveillance. Altered tryptophan metabolism was studied in patients with pigmented malignant melanoma confirmed histologically by the anatomic stage grouping for cutaneous melanoma using clinical staging on the basis of the Breslow thickness of the melanoma, the degree of spread to regional lymph nodes, and by the presence of distant metastasis. (2) Methods: Urinary tryptophan metabolites were detected by RP-HPLC method. (3) Results: In the present work, we provided evidence of altered metabolism of all tryptophan pathways in melanoma patients. (4) Conclusions: Knowledge of the shifted serotonin pathway toward DHICA formation and kynurenine pathway shifted toward NAD+ production could serve in the early detection of the disease and the initiation of early treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Hubková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Valko-Rokytovská
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.V.-R.); (A.B.)
| | - Beáta Čižmárová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Birková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.V.-R.); (A.B.)
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Hou Z, Song F, Xing J, Zheng Z, Liu S, Liu Z. Comprehensive fecal metabolomics and gut microbiota for the evaluation of the mechanism of Panax Ginseng in the treatment of Qi-deficiency liver cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115222. [PMID: 35341933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qi deficiency liver cancer (QDLC) is an important part of liver cancer research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the course of its treatment, Panax ginseng is often selected as the main Chinese herbal medicine, and its function has special significance in the tumor treatment of Qi deficiency constitution. However, its mechanism is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The research tried to evaluate the mechanism of Panax ginseng in the treatment of QDLC through fecal metabonomics and gut microbiota on the basis of previous pharmacodynamic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were screened and identified by metabonomics and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to investigate the composition, β diversity and key differences of gut microbiota. Finally, the relationship among phenotypes, gut microbiota and fecal metabolites was comprehensively analyzed by spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS 31 pharmacodynamic potential biomarkers and 20 synergistic potential biomarkers of effective parts of Panax ginseng on QDLC were screened and identified by fecal metabonomics. And then, 6 major metabolic pathways were searched, including bile acid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism. In the study of gut microbiota, at the genus level, 25 species of bacteria with significant differences of effective parts on QDLC and 23 species of bacteria with significant differences of synergistic action of ginsenosides and polysaccharides were screened. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a complex potential relationship among phenotype, gut microbiota and fecal metabolites during the development of QDLC and Panax ginseng intervention, which was mainly reflected in the close potential relationship between bacteria and fecal metabolites such as bile acids, unsaturated fatty acids and indole compounds. CONCLUSION Through the changes of fecal endogenous metabolites and intestinal bacteria, the mechanism of Panax ginseng on QDLC were preliminarily clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Hou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Junpeng Xing
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
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21
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Režen T, Rozman D, Kovács T, Kovács P, Sipos A, Bai P, Mikó E. The role of bile acids in carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:243. [PMID: 35429253 PMCID: PMC9013344 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBile acids are soluble derivatives of cholesterol produced in the liver that subsequently undergo bacterial transformation yielding a diverse array of metabolites. The bulk of bile acid synthesis takes place in the liver yielding primary bile acids; however, other tissues have also the capacity to generate bile acids (e.g. ovaries). Hepatic bile acids are then transported to bile and are subsequently released into the intestines. In the large intestine, a fraction of primary bile acids is converted to secondary bile acids by gut bacteria. The majority of the intestinal bile acids undergo reuptake and return to the liver. A small fraction of secondary and primary bile acids remains in the circulation and exert receptor-mediated and pure chemical effects (e.g. acidic bile in oesophageal cancer) on cancer cells. In this review, we assess how changes to bile acid biosynthesis, bile acid flux and local bile acid concentration modulate the behavior of different cancers. Here, we present in-depth the involvement of bile acids in oesophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, colorectal, breast, prostate, ovarian cancer. Previous studies often used bile acids in supraphysiological concentration, sometimes in concentrations 1000 times higher than the highest reported tissue or serum concentrations likely eliciting unspecific effects, a practice that we advocate against in this review. Furthermore, we show that, although bile acids were classically considered as pro-carcinogenic agents (e.g. oesophageal cancer), the dogma that switch, as lower concentrations of bile acids that correspond to their serum or tissue reference concentration possess anticancer activity in a subset of cancers. Differences in the response of cancers to bile acids lie in the differential expression of bile acid receptors between cancers (e.g. FXR vs. TGR5). UDCA, a bile acid that is sold as a generic medication against cholestasis or biliary surge, and its conjugates were identified with almost purely anticancer features suggesting a possibility for drug repurposing. Taken together, bile acids were considered as tumor inducers or tumor promoter molecules; nevertheless, in certain cancers, like breast cancer, bile acids in their reference concentrations may act as tumor suppressors suggesting a Janus-faced nature of bile acids in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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What If Not All Metabolites from the Uremic Toxin Generating Pathways Are Toxic? A Hypothesis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030221. [PMID: 35324718 PMCID: PMC8953523 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The topic of uremic toxicity has received broad attention from the nephrological community over the past few decades. An aspect that is much less often considered is the possibility that the metabolic pathways that generate uremic toxins also may produce molecules that benefit body functions. Here, we discuss this dualism based on the example of tryptophan-derived metabolites, which comprise elements that are mainly toxic, such as indoxyl sulfate, kynurenine and kynurenic acid, but also beneficial compounds, such as indole, melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid, and ambivalent (beneficial for some aspects and harmful for others) compounds such as serotonin. This dualism can also be perceived at the level of the main receptor of the tryptophan-derived metabolites, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which has also been linked to both harm and benefit. We hypothesize that these beneficial effects are the reason why uremic toxin generation remained preserved throughout evolution. This duality is also not unique for the tryptophan-derived metabolites, and in this broader context we discuss the remote sensing and signaling theory (RSST). The RSST proposes that transporters (e.g., organic anion transporter 1—OAT1; ATP-binding cassette transporter G—ABCG2) and drug metabolizing enzymes form a large network of proteins interacting to promote small molecule remote communication at the inter-organ (e.g., gut–liver–heart–brain–kidney) and inter-organismal (e.g., gut microbe–host) levels. These small molecules include gut microbe-derived uremic toxins as well as beneficial molecules such as those discussed here. We emphasize that this positive side of uremic metabolite production needs more attention, and that this dualism especially needs to be considered when assessing and conceiving of therapeutic interventions. These homeostatic considerations are central to the RSST and suggest that interventions be aimed at preserving or restoring the balance between positive and negative components rather than eliminating them all without distinction.
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23
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Leigh SJ, Lynch CMK, Bird BRH, Griffin BT, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Gut microbiota-drug interactions in cancer pharmacotherapies: implications for efficacy and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:5-26. [PMID: 35176217 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2043849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota is involved in host physiology and health. Reciprocal microbiota-drug interactions are increasingly recognized as underlying some individual differences in therapy response and adverse events. Cancer pharmacotherapies are characterized by a high degree of interpatient variability in efficacy and side effect profile and recently, the microbiota has emerged as a factor that may underlie these differences. AREAS COVERED The effects of cancer pharmacotherapy on microbiota composition and function are reviewed with consideration of the relationship between baseline microbiota composition, microbiota modification, antibiotics exposure and cancer therapy efficacy. We assess the evidence implicating the microbiota in cancer therapy-related adverse events including impaired gut function, cognition and pain perception. Finally, potential mechanisms underlying microbiota-cancer drug interactions are described, including direct microbial metabolism, and microbial modulation of liver metabolism and immune function. This review focused on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last 5 years. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical and clinical research supports a role for baseline microbiota in cancer therapy efficacy, with emerging evidence that the microbiota modification may assist in side effect management. Future efforts should focus on exploiting this knowledge towards the development of microbiota-targeted therapies. Finally, a focus on specific drug-microbiota-cancer interactions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Reactive Oxygen Species Production Is Responsible for Antineoplastic Activity of Osmium, Ruthenium, Iridium and Rhodium Half-Sandwich Type Complexes with Bidentate Glycosyl Heterocyclic Ligands in Various Cancer Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020813. [PMID: 35054999 PMCID: PMC8776094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum complexes are used in chemotherapy, primarily as antineoplastic agents. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic and cytostatic properties of a set of osmium(II), ruthenium(II), iridium(III) and rhodium(III) half-sandwich-type complexes with bidentate monosaccharide ligands. We identified 5 compounds with moderate to negligible acute cytotoxicity but with potent long-term cytostatic activity. These structure-activity relationship studies revealed that: (1) osmium(II) p-cymene complexes were active in all models, while rhodium(III) and iridium(III) Cp* complexes proved largely inactive; (2) the biological effect was influenced by the nature of the central azole ring of the ligands—1,2,3-triazole was the most effective, followed by 1,3,4-oxadiazole, while the isomeric 1,2,4-oxadiazole abolished the cytostatic activity; (3) we found a correlation between the hydrophobic character of the complexes and their cytostatic activity: compounds with O-benzoyl protective groups on the carbohydrate moiety were active, compared to O-deprotected ones. The best compound, an osmium(II) complex, had an IC50 value of 0.70 µM. Furthermore, the steepness of the inhibitory curve of the active complexes suggested cooperative binding; cooperative molecules were better inhibitors than non-cooperative ones. The cytostatic activity of the active complexes was abolished by a lipid-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a major role in the biological activity of the complexes. The complexes were active on ovarian cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells, but were inactive on primary, non-transformed human fibroblasts, indicating their applicability as potential anticancer agents.
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Kovács T, Mikó E, Ujlaki G, Yousef H, Csontos V, Uray K, Bai P. The involvement of oncobiosis and bacterial metabolite signaling in metastasis formation in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1223-1249. [PMID: 34967927 PMCID: PMC8825384 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is characterized by pathological changes to the microbiome of breast tissue, the tumor, the gut, and the urinary tract. Changes to the microbiome are determined by the stage, grade, origin (NST/lobular), and receptor status of the tumor. This year is the 50th anniversary of when Hill and colleagues first showed that changes to the gut microbiome can support breast cancer growth, namely that the oncobiome can reactivate excreted estrogens. The currently available human and murine data suggest that oncobiosis is not a cause of breast cancer, but can support its growth. Furthermore, preexisting dysbiosis and the predisposition to cancer are transplantable. The breast’s and breast cancer’s inherent microbiome and the gut microbiome promote breast cancer growth by reactivating estrogens, rearranging cancer cell metabolism, bringing about a more inflammatory microenvironment, and reducing the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, the gut microbiome can produce cytostatic metabolites, the production of which decreases or blunts breast cancer. The role of oncobiosis in the urinary tract is largely uncharted. Oncobiosis in breast cancer supports invasion, metastasis, and recurrence by supporting cellular movement, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell function, and diapedesis. Finally, the oncobiome can modify the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs. The microbiome provides novel leverage on breast cancer that should be exploited for better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Kovács
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Heba Yousef
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Viktória Csontos
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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26
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Rigalli JP, Theile D, Nilles J, Weiss J. Regulation of PXR Function by Coactivator and Corepressor Proteins: Ligand Binding Is Just the Beginning. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113137. [PMID: 34831358 PMCID: PMC8625645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a nuclear receptor which exerts its regulatory function by heterodimerization with the retinoid-X-receptor α (RXRα, NR2B1) and binding to the promoter and enhancer regions of diverse target genes. PXR is involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and excretion, metabolic and immunological functions and cancer pathogenesis. PXR activity is strongly regulated by the association with coactivator and corepressor proteins. Coactivator proteins exhibit histone acetyltransferase or histone methyltransferase activity or associate with proteins having one of these activities, thus promoting chromatin decondensation and activation of the gene expression. On the contrary, corepressor proteins promote histone deacetylation and therefore favor chromatin condensation and repression of the gene expression. Several studies pointed to clear cell- and ligand-specific differences in the activation of PXR. In this article, we will review the critical role of coactivator and corepressor proteins as molecular determinants of the specificity of PXR-mediated effects. As already known for other nuclear receptors, understanding the complex mechanism of PXR activation in each cell type and under particular physiological and pathophysiological conditions may lead to the development of selective modulators with therapeutic potential.
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High Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Expression Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11111946. [PMID: 34829293 PMCID: PMC8624096 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is involved in human cancer, either by directly affecting carcinogenesis or by inducing drug-drug interactions and chemotherapy resistance. The clinical significance of PXR expression in invasive breast carcinoma was evaluated in the present study. PXR protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded breast invasive carcinoma tissue sections, obtained from 148 patients, and was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, molecular phenotypes, tumor cells' proliferative capacity, and overall disease-free patients' survival. Additionally, the expression of PXR was examined on human breast carcinoma cell lines of different histological grade, hormonal status, and metastatic potential. PXR positivity was noted in 79 (53.4%) and high PXR expression in 48 (32.4%), out of 148 breast carcinoma cases. High PXR expression was positively associated with nuclear grade (p = 0.0112) and histological grade of differentiation (p = 0.0305), as well as with tumor cells' proliferative capacity (p = 0.0051), and negatively with luminal A subtype (p = 0.0295). Associations between high PXR expression, estrogen, and progesterone receptor negative status were also recorded (p = 0.0314 and p = 0.0208, respectively). High PXR expression was associated with shorter overall patients' survival times (log-rank test, p = 0.0009). In multivariate analysis, high PXR expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor of overall patients' survival (Cox-regression analysis, p = 0.0082). PXR expression alterations were also noted in breast cancer cell lines of different hormonal status. The present data supported evidence that PXR was related to a more aggressive invasive breast carcinoma phenotype, being a strong and independent poor prognosticator.
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Panitz V, Končarević S, Sadik A, Friedel D, Bausbacher T, Trump S, Farztdinov V, Schulz S, Sievers P, Schmidt S, Jürgenson I, Jung S, Kuhn K, Pflüger I, Sharma S, Wick A, Pfänder P, Selzer S, Vollmuth P, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Heiland I, Hopf C, Schulz-Knappe P, Pike I, Platten M, Wick W, Opitz CA. Tryptophan metabolism is inversely regulated in the tumor and blood of patients with glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9217-9233. [PMID: 34646367 PMCID: PMC8490504 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp)-catabolic enzymes (TCEs) produce metabolites that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and promote tumor progression and immunosuppression in glioblastoma. As therapies targeting TCEs or AHR become available, a better understanding of Trp metabolism is required. Methods: The combination of LC-MS/MS with chemical isobaric labeling enabled the simultaneous quantitative comparison of Trp and its amino group-bearing metabolites in multiple samples. We applied this method to the sera of a cohort of 43 recurrent glioblastoma patients and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Tumor volumes were measured in MRI data using an artificial neural network-based approach. MALDI MSI visualized Trp and its direct metabolite N-formylkynurenine (FK) in glioblastoma tissue. Analysis of scRNA-seq data was used to detect the presence of Trp metabolism and AHR activity in different cell types in glioblastoma. Results: Compared to healthy controls, glioblastoma patients showed decreased serum Trp levels. Surprisingly, the levels of Trp metabolites were also reduced. The decrease became smaller with more enzymatic steps between Trp and its metabolites, suggesting that Trp availability controls the levels of its systemic metabolites. High tumor volume associated with low systemic metabolite levels and low systemic kynurenine levels associated with worse overall survival. MALDI MSI demonstrated heterogeneity of Trp catabolism across glioblastoma tissues. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that genes involved in Trp metabolism were expressed in almost all the cell types in glioblastoma and that most cell types, in particular macrophages and T cells, exhibited AHR activation. Moreover, high AHR activity associated with reduced overall survival in the glioblastoma TCGA dataset. Conclusion: The novel techniques we developed could support the identification of patients that may benefit from therapies targeting TCEs or AHR activation.
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Kacsir I, Sipos A, Ujlaki G, Buglyó P, Somsák L, Bai P, Bokor É. Ruthenium Half-Sandwich Type Complexes with Bidentate Monosaccharide Ligands Show Antineoplastic Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cell Models through Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910454. [PMID: 34638791 PMCID: PMC8508960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are developed as substitutes for platinum complexes to be used in the chemotherapy of hematological and gynecological malignancies, such as ovarian cancer. We synthesized and screened 14 ruthenium half-sandwich complexes with bidentate monosaccharide ligands in ovarian cancer cell models. Four complexes were cytostatic, but not cytotoxic on A2780 and ID8 cells. The IC50 values were in the low micromolar range (the best being 0.87 µM) and were similar to or lower than those of the clinically available platinum complexes. The active complexes were cytostatic in cell models of glioblastoma, breast cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, while they were not cytostatic on non-transformed human skin fibroblasts. The bioactive ruthenium complexes showed cooperative binding to yet unidentified cellular target(s), and their activity was dependent on reactive oxygen species production. Large hydrophobic protective groups on the hydroxyl groups of the sugar moiety were needed for biological activity. The cytostatic activity of the ruthenium complexes was dependent on reactive species production. Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor, potentiated the effects of ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Kacsir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.K.); (L.S.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (G.U.)
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.K.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (É.B.)
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Rao Malla R, Marni R, Kumari S, Chakraborty A, Lalitha P. Microbiome Assisted Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Target of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:200-211. [PMID: 34625387 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome assisted tumor microenvironment (TME) supports the tumors by modulating multiple mechanisms. Recent studies reported that microbiome dysbiosis is the main culprit of immune suppressive phenotypes of TME. Further, it has been documented that immune suppressive stimulate metastatic phenotype in TME via modulating signaling pathways, cell differentiation, and innate immune response. This review aims at providing comprehensive developments in microbiome and breast TME interface. The combination of microbiome and breast cancer, breast TME and microbiome or microbial dysbiosis, microbiome and risk of breast cancer, microbiome and phytochemicals or anticancer drugs were as used keywords to retrieve literature from PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science from 2015 onwards. Based on the literature, we presented the impact of TME assisted microbiome dysbiosis and estrobolome in breast cancer risk, drug resistance, and antitumor immunity. We have discussed the influence of antibiotics on the breast microbiome. we also presented the possible dietary phytochemicals that target microbiome dysbiosis to restore the tumor suppression immune environment in breast TME. We presented the microbiome as a possible marker for breast cancer diagnosis. This study will help in the identification of microbiome as a novel target and diagnostic markers and phytochemicals and microbiome metabolites for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Rakshmitha Marni
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pappu Lalitha
- Department of Microbiology and FST, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sipos A, Ujlaki G, Mikó E, Maka E, Szabó J, Uray K, Krasznai Z, Bai P. The role of the microbiome in ovarian cancer: mechanistic insights into oncobiosis and to bacterial metabolite signaling. Mol Med 2021; 27:33. [PMID: 33794773 PMCID: PMC8017782 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by dysbiosis, referred to as oncobiosis in neoplastic diseases. In ovarian cancer, oncobiosis was identified in numerous compartments, including the tumor tissue itself, the upper and lower female genital tract, serum, peritoneum, and the intestines. Colonization was linked to Gram-negative bacteria with high inflammatory potential. Local inflammation probably participates in the initiation and continuation of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, local bacterial colonies in the peritoneum may facilitate metastasis formation in ovarian cancer. Vaginal infections (e.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis) increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Bacterial metabolites, produced by the healthy eubiome or the oncobiome, may exert autocrine, paracrine, and hormone-like effects, as was evidenced in breast cancer or pancreas adenocarcinoma. We discuss the possible involvement of lipopolysaccharides, lysophosphatides and tryptophan metabolites, as well as, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and polyamines in the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer. We discuss the applicability of nutrients, antibiotics, and probiotics to harness the microbiome and support ovarian cancer therapy. The oncobiome and the most likely bacterial metabolites play vital roles in mediating the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Finally, we discuss the potential of oncobiotic changes as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and microbial metabolites as possible adjuvant agents in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Eszter Maka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoárd Krasznai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Girer NG, Tomlinson CR, Elferink CJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Energy Balance: The Road from Dioxin-Induced Wasting Syndrome to Combating Obesity with Ahr Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E49. [PMID: 33374508 PMCID: PMC7793057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been studied for over 40 years, yet our understanding of this ligand-activated transcription factor remains incomplete. Each year, novel findings continually force us to rethink the role of the AHR in mammalian biology. The AHR has historically been studied within the context of potent activation via AHR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), with a focus on how the AHR mediates TCDD toxicity. Research has subsequently revealed that the AHR is actively involved in distinct physiological processes ranging from the development of the liver and reproductive organs, to immune system function and wound healing. More recently, the AHR was implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism and is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for obesity. In this review, we re-trace the steps through which the early toxicological studies of TCDD led to the conceptual framework for the AHR as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disease. We additionally discuss the key discoveries that have been made concerning the role of the AHR in energy metabolism, as well as the current and future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G. Girer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
| | - Craig R. Tomlinson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
| | - Cornelis J. Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
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