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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Wei B, Shen Q, Shi C, Chen P. RAS protein activator-like 2 (RASAL2) initiates peritubular capillary rarefaction in hypoxic renal interstitial fibrosis. Transl Res 2024; 269:14-30. [PMID: 38453052 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) often involves renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and subsequent loss of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), which enhances disease severity. Despite advancements in our understanding of fibrosis, effective interventions for reversing capillary loss remain elusive. Notably, RIF exhibits reduced capillary density, whereas renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows robust angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hypoxic human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and renal cancer cells (786-0). Analysis of altered Ras and PI3K/Akt pathways coupled with hub gene investigation revealed RAS protein activator-like 2 (RASAL2) as a key candidate. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed RASAL2's early-stage response in RIF, which reduced with fibrosis progression. RASAL2 suppression in HK-2 cells enhanced angiogenesis, as evidenced by increased proliferation, migration, and branching of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with HK-2 cells. In mice, RASAL2 knockdown improved Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO)-induced fibrosis (compared to wild type). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) emerged as a pivotal mediator, substantiated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, with its induction linked to activation. Hypoxia increased the production of RASAL2-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tubular cells, which were internalized by endothelial cells, contributing to the exacerbation of PTC loss. These findings underscore RASAL2's role in mediating reduced angiogenesis in RIF and reveal a novel EV-mediated communication between hypoxic tubular- and endothelial cells, demonstrating a complex interplay between angiogenesis and fibrosis in CKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bizhen Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanbing Shi
- Department of Pathology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Han T, Liu X, Zhou J. Progression/Recurrence of Meningioma: An Imaging Review Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. World Neurosurg 2024; 186:98-107. [PMID: 38499241 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. The preferred treatment is maximum safe resection, and the heterogeneity of meningiomas results in a variable prognosis. Progression/recurrence (P/R) can occur at any grade of meningioma and is a common adverse outcome after surgical treatment and a major cause of postoperative rehospitalization, secondary surgery, and mortality. Early prediction of P/R plays an important role in postoperative management, further adjuvant therapy, and follow-up of patients. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly analyze the heterogeneity of meningiomas and predict postoperative P/R with the aid of noninvasive preoperative imaging. In recent years, the development of advanced magnetic resonance imaging technology and machine learning has provided new insights into noninvasive preoperative prediction of meningioma P/R, which helps to achieve accurate prediction of meningioma P/R. This narrative review summarizes the current research on conventional magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and machine learning in predicting meningioma P/R. We further explore the significance of tumor microenvironment in meningioma P/R, linking imaging features with tumor microenvironment to comprehensively reveal tumor heterogeneity and provide new ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospita, Lanzhou, China; Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianwang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospita, Lanzhou, China; Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospita, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Apra C, Bemora JS, Palfi S. Achieving Gross Total Resection in Neurosurgery: A Review of Intraoperative Techniques and Their Influence on Surgical Goals. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:246-253. [PMID: 38431211 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The definition of complete resection in neurosurgery depends on tumor type, surgical aims, and postoperative investigations, directly guiding the choice of intraoperative tools. Most common tumor types present challenges in achieving complete resection due to their infiltrative nature and anatomical constraints. The development of adjuvant treatments has altered the balance between oncological aims and surgical risks. We review local recurrence associated with incomplete resection based on different definitions and emphasize the importance of achieving maximal safe resection in all tumor types. Intraoperative techniques that aid surgeons in identifying tumor boundaries are used in practice and in preclinical or clinical research settings. They encompass both conservative and invasive techniques. Among them, morphological tools include imaging modalities such as intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. Fluorescence-guided surgery, mainly using 5-aminolevulinic acid, enhances gross total resection in glioblastomas. Nuclear methods, including positron emission tomography probes, provide tumor detection based on beta or gamma emission after a radiotracer injection. Mass spectrometry- and spectroscopy-based methods offer molecular insights. The adoption of these techniques depends on their relevance, effectiveness, and feasibility. With the emergence of positron emission tomography imaging for use in recurrence benchmarking, positron emission tomography probes raise particular interest among those tools. While all such tools provide valuable insights, their clinical benefits need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Apra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Biotherapies Department, INSERM U955, Créteil, France; Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.
| | - Joseph Synèse Bemora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Biotherapies Department, INSERM U955, Créteil, France; Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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Zhong K, Luo W, Li N, Tan X, Li Y, Yin S, Huang Y, Fang L, Ma W, Cai Y, Yin Y. CDK12 regulates angiogenesis of advanced prostate cancer by IGFBP3. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:20. [PMID: 38186306 PMCID: PMC10783938 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy among men, with a majority of patients presenting with distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. These patients are at a heightened risk of developing more aggressive castration‑resistant PCa following androgen deprivation therapy, which poses a greater challenge for treatment. Notably, the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis should not be considered an ineffective treatment strategy. The regulatory role of CDK12 in transcriptional and post‑transcriptional processes is essential for the proper functioning of various cellular processes. In the present study, the expression of CDK12 was first knocked down in cells using CRISPR or siRNA technology. Subsequently, RNA‑seq analysis, co‑immunoprecipitation, western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the LinkedOmics database were employed to reveal that CDK12 inhibits insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). Western blot analysis also demonstrated that CDK12 promoted VEGFA expression by inhibiting IGFBP3, which involves the Akt signaling pathway. Then, CDK12 was found to promote PCa cell proliferation, cell migration and angiogenesis by inhibiting IGFBP3 through cell proliferation assays, cell migration assays and tube formation assays, respectively. Finally, animal experiments were performed for in vivo validation. It was concluded that CDK12 promoted PCa and its angiogenesis by inhibiting IGFBP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wenwu Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shiyuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Linna Fang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Wijethilake N, MacCormac O, Vercauteren T, Shapey J. Imaging biomarkers associated with extra-axial intracranial tumors: a systematic review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131013. [PMID: 37182138 PMCID: PMC10167010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra-axial brain tumors are extra-cerebral tumors and are usually benign. The choice of treatment for extra-axial tumors is often dependent on the growth of the tumor, and imaging plays a significant role in monitoring growth and clinical decision-making. This motivates the investigation of imaging biomarkers for these tumors that may be incorporated into clinical workflows to inform treatment decisions. The databases from Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline were searched from 1 January 2000 to 7 March 2022, to systematically identify relevant publications in this area. All studies that used an imaging tool and found an association with a growth-related factor, including molecular markers, grade, survival, growth/progression, recurrence, and treatment outcomes, were included in this review. We included 42 studies, comprising 22 studies (50%) of patients with meningioma; 17 studies (38.6%) of patients with pituitary tumors; three studies (6.8%) of patients with vestibular schwannomas; and two studies (4.5%) of patients with solitary fibrous tumors. The included studies were explicitly and narratively analyzed according to tumor type and imaging tool. The risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability were assessed using QUADAS-2. Most studies (41/44) used statistics-based analysis methods, and a small number of studies (3/44) used machine learning. Our review highlights an opportunity for future work to focus on machine learning-based deep feature identification as biomarkers, combining various feature classes such as size, shape, and intensity. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022306922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodini Wijethilake
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar MacCormac
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Shapey
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Ghodrati F, Mekonnen M, Mahgerefteh N, Zhang AB, Pradhan A, Mozaffari K, Duong C, Yang I. Preoperative meningioma vascularity index is associated with significantly increased intraoperative blood loss and greater risk of subtotal resection. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:583-591. [PMID: 36786952 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical recovery of meningiomas relies on a variety of factors, including tumor volume, vascularity, embolization status, and blood loss during excision. Although hypervascular meningiomas can potentially be amendable to embolization, methods for determining optimal vascularity for this procedure are currently lacking. Our group previously established the meningioma vascularity index (MVI) as a marker of tumor vascularity. In this study, we aim to build on our previous work and further examine the relationship between MVI and intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL). METHODS A retrospective data extraction was conducted between August 2010 and October 2019 from patients undergoing craniotomy for meningioma. Of the 85 intracranial meningiomas included, 39 were embolized. Demographic data, extent of resection, embolization status, and EBL were among the extracted variables. Flow void volumes were measured on T2-weighted MRI images using a segmentation software with a voxel-based segmentation method. RESULTS MVI was a predictor of EBL within the entire cohort, when controlling for tumor volume (R2 adjusted = 0.26; P = 0.027). A high MVI (> 2.01 cm3) was associated with higher likelihood of receiving subtotal resection (STR) (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.17-14.15; P = 0.035). Although the mean MVI and tumor volume were higher in the embolized cohort (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005), there were no significant differences in EBL, or blood transfusion rates regardless of embolization status. CONCLUSIONS MVI may be used as a non-invasive radiological marker to gauge meningioma vascularity, predict EBL, and guide the decision-making process when it comes to embolization and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ghodrati
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahlet Mekonnen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ashley B Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anjali Pradhan
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Duong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Radiation Oncology, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 562, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1761, USA.
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Peng W, Wu P, Yuan M, Yuan B, Zhu L, Zhou J, Li Q. Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Recurrent and Progressive Meningiomas: A Review of the Latest Literature. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850463. [PMID: 35712491 PMCID: PMC9196588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas, the most frequent primary intracranial tumors of the central nervous system in adults, originate from the meninges and meningeal spaces. Surgical resection and adjuvant radiation are considered the preferred treatment options. Although most meningiomas are benign and slow-growing, some patients suffer from tumor recurrence and disease progression, eventually resulting in poorer clinical outcomes, including malignant transformation and death. It is thus crucial to identify these “high-risk” tumors early; this requires an in-depth understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for establishing personalized and precise treatment in the future. Here, we review the most up-to-date knowledge of the cellular biological alterations involved in the progression of meningiomas, including cell proliferation, neo-angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and immunogenicity. Focused genetic alterations, including chromosomal abnormalities and DNA methylation patterns, are summarized and discussed in detail. We also present latest therapeutic targets and clinical trials for meningiomas' treatment. A further understanding of cellular biological and genetic alterations will provide new prospects for the accurate screening and treatment of recurrent and progressive meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Dazu District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiesong Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Upregulated IGFBP3 with Aging Is Involved in Modulating Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis: A Target of Age-Related Erectile Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6831779. [PMID: 35154570 PMCID: PMC8831074 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6831779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been deemed the primary factor in erectile dysfunction (ED). Herein, age-related changes in the erectile response and histomorphology were detected, and the relationship between aging and ED was investigated based on gene expression levels. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, and intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. Subsequently, the corpus cavernosum (CC) was harvested and prepared for histological examinations of apoptosis, oxidative stress (OS), and fibrosis. Then, the microarray dataset (GSE10804) was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ED progression, and hub genes were selected. In addition, aged CC smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) were isolated to evaluate the function of the hub gene by siRNA interference, qRT–PCR, immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot analysis, CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, and flow cytometry approaches. The ICP/MAP and smooth muscle cell (SMC)/collagen ratios declined with aging, while apoptosis and OS levels increased with aging. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs were investigated, and 15 hub genes were identified, among which IGFBP3 was significantly upregulated. The IGFBP3 upregulation was verified in the CC of aging rats. Furthermore, aged CCSMCs were transfected with siRNA to knock down IGFBP3 expression. The viability and proliferation of the CCSMCs increased, while apoptosis, OS, and fibrosis decreased. Our findings demonstrate that the erectile response of SD rats declines in parallel with enhanced CC apoptosis, OS, and fibrosis with aging. Upregulation of IGFBP3 plays an important role; furthermore, downregulation of IGFBP3 improves the viability and proliferation of CCSMCs and alleviates apoptosis, OS, and fibrosis. Thus, IGFBP3 is a potential therapeutic target for age-related ED.
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