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Sun Y, Patterson-Fortin J, Han S, Li Z, Nowicka Z, Hirohashi Y, Kilgas S, Yi JK, Spektor A, Fendler W, Konstantinopoulos PA, Chowdhury D. 53BP1 loss elicits cGAS-STING-dependent antitumor immunity in ovarian and pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6676. [PMID: 39107288 PMCID: PMC11303708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
53BP1 nucleates the anti-end resection machinery at DNA double-strand breaks, thereby countering BRCA1 activity. Loss of 53BP1 leads to DNA end processing and homologous recombination in BRCA1-deficient cells. Consequently, BRCA1-mutant tumors, typically sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), become resistant in the absence of 53BP1. Here, we demonstrate that the 'leaky' DNA end resection in the absence of 53BP1 results in increased micronuclei and cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA, leading to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and pro-inflammatory signaling. This enhances CD8+ T cell infiltration, activates macrophages and natural killer cells, and impedes tumor growth. Loss of 53BP1 correlates with a response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and improved overall survival. Immunohistochemical assessment of 53BP1 in two malignancies, high grade serous ovarian cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which are refractory to ICBs, reveals that lower 53BP1 levels correlate with an increased adaptive and innate immune response. Finally, BRCA1-deficient tumors that develop resistance to PARPi due to the loss of 53BP1 are susceptible to ICB. Therefore, we conclude that 53BP1 is critical for tumor immunogenicity and underpins the response to ICB. Our results support including 53BP1 expression as an exploratory biomarker in ICB trials for malignancies typically refractory to immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Female
- Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism
- Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Animals
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- BRCA1 Protein/metabolism
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Immunity, Innate
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Sun
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jeffrey Patterson-Fortin
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yuna Hirohashi
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Kilgas
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bordet G, Kotova E, Tulin AV. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating pathway regulates development from stem cell niche to longevity control. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101071. [PMID: 34949666 PMCID: PMC8739260 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of homopolymer ADP-ribose chains on nuclear proteins, has been extensively studied over the last decades for its involvement in tumorigenesis processes. However, the regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the enzyme responsible for removing this posttranslational modification, has attracted little attention. Here we identified that PARG activity is partly regulated by two phosphorylation sites, ph1 and ph2, in Drosophila We showed that the disruption of these sites affects the germline stem-cells maintenance/differentiation balance as well as embryonic and larval development, but also the synchronization of egg production with the availability of a calorically sufficient food source. Moreover, these PARG phosphorylation sites play an essential role in the control of fly survivability from larvae to adults. We also showed that PARG is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 and that this phosphorylation seems to protect PARG protein against degradation in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulation of PARG protein activity plays a crucial role in the control of several developmental processes.
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