1
|
Floyd J, Desanto K, Bitler BG, Brubaker LW. Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1) in ovarian cancer: a scoping literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024:104456. [PMID: 39033867 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and the deadliest histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. HGSC is a therapeutic challenge, as it recurs in 80% of patients diagnosed, often as chemoresistant disease. The mechanism of this chemoresistance is not fully elucidated, but it is partly attributed to the ability of HGSC to maintain a stem-like phenotype that enables development of resistance to current therapies. Polycomb Repressor Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1/2) have been implicated in the maintenance of the stem cell compartment through silencing tumor suppressor genes and regulating stem cells. These complexes are comprised of multiple polycomb group (PcG) proteins that play a role in normal development, and when deregulated contribute to the development of cancer [2]. Proteins included in PRC1 include B lymphoma mouse Moloney leukemia virus insertion region (BMI1), RING1, and chromobox (CBX) proteins. We aimed to review each of the protein components of PRC1 and their mechanistic relationships to promoting chemoresistant recurrences and propagation of ovarian cancer. Where possible, we reviewed therapeutic investigations of these proteins. We utilized a scoping literature review through Covidence to identify 42 articles meeting criteria for inclusion. The authors identified four relevant articles and the Yale MeSH Analysis Grid Generator was used to establish additional keywords and heading terms. A medical librarian used these terms and articles to draft an initial search strategy within each of the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection, yielding 439 articles based on title and abstract. Abstracts were independently reviewed by the authors, identifying 77 articles for full text review, of which 35 were ultimately excluded, leaving 42 articles for full review. Our review identified the currently known mechanisms of the subunits of PRC1 that contribute to HGSC development, recurrence, and chemoresistance. By compiling a comprehensive review of available scientific knowledge, we support and direct further investigation into PRC1 that can affect meaningful advances in the treatment of HGSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Floyd
- Divisions of Gynecologic Oncology and University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045 USA
| | - Kristen Desanto
- Strauss Health Sciences Library, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12950 E Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045 USA
| | - Lindsay W Brubaker
- Divisions of Gynecologic Oncology and University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seipel K, Mandhair H, Bacher U, Pabst T. FLT3 and IRAK4 Inhibitor Emavusertib in Combination with BH3-Mimetics in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2946-2960. [PMID: 38666914 PMCID: PMC11049208 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting the FLT3 receptor and the IL-1R associated kinase 4 as well as the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL2 may be a promising novel approach in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The FLT3 and IRAK4 inhibitor emavusertib (CA4948), the MCL1 inhibitor S63845, the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, and the HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 were assessed as single agents and in combination for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells in vitro. AML cells represented all major morphologic and molecular subtypes, including FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutant AML cell lines and a variety of patient-derived AML cells. Emavusertib in combination with MCL1 inhibitor S63845 or BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MOLM-13 cells. In primary AML cells, the response to emavusertib was associated with the presence of the FLT3 gene mutation with an allelic ratio >0.5 and the presence of NPM1 gene mutations. S63845 was effective in all tested AML cell lines and primary AML samples. Blast cell percentage was positively associated with the response to CA4948, S63845, and venetoclax, with elevated susceptibility of primary AML with blast cell fraction >80%. Biomarkers of the response to venetoclax included the blast cell percentage and bone marrow infiltration rate, as well as the expression levels of CD11b, CD64, and CD117. Elevated susceptibility to CA4948 combination treatments with S63845 or PU-H71 was associated with FLT3-mutated AML and CD34 < 30%. The combination of CA4948 and BH3-mimetics may be effective in the treatment in FLT3-mutated AML with differential target specificity for MCL1 and BCL2 inhibitors. Moreover, the combination of CA4948 and PU-H71 may be a candidate combination treatment in FLT3-mutated AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Seipel
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Harpreet Mandhair
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Groot AP, de Haan G. How CBX proteins regulate normal and leukemic blood cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38426219 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions are dictated by epigenetic landscapes. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses genes that induce differentiation, thereby maintaining HSC self-renewal. Depending on which chromobox (CBX) protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, or CBX8) is part of the PRC1 complex, HSC fate decisions differ. Here, we review how this occurs. We describe how CBX proteins dictate age-related changes in HSCs and stimulate oncogenic HSC fate decisions, either as canonical PRC1 members or by alternative interactions, including non-epigenetic regulation. CBX2, CBX7, and CBX8 enhance leukemia progression. To target, reprogram, and kill leukemic cells, we suggest and describe multiple therapeutic strategies to interfere with the epigenetic functions of oncogenic CBX proteins. Future studies should clarify to what extent the non-epigenetic function of cytoplasmic CBX proteins is important for normal, aged, and leukemic blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seipel K, Kohler S, Bacher U, Pabst T. HSP90 Inhibitor PU-H71 in Combination with BH3-Mimetics in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7011-7026. [PMID: 37754227 PMCID: PMC10529370 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the molecular chaperone HSP90 and the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL2 may be a promising novel approach in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71, MCL1 inhibitor S63845, and BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax were assessed as single agents and in combination for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells. AML cells represented all major morphologic and molecular subtypes including FLT3-ITD and TP53 mutant AML cell lines and a variety of patient-derived AML cells. Results: PU-H71 and combination treatments with MCL1 inhibitor S63845 or BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in susceptible AML cell lines and primary AML. The majority of the primary AML samples were responsive to PU-H71 in combination with BH3 mimetics. Elevated susceptibility to PU-H71 and S63845 was associated with FLT3 mutated AML with CD34 < 20%. Elevated susceptibility to PU-H71 and venetoclax was associated with primary AML with CD117 > 80% and CD11b < 45%. The combination of HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 and MCL1 inhibitor S63845 may be a candidate treatment for FLT3-mutated AML with moderate CD34 positivity while the combination of HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 and BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax may be more effective in the treatment of primitive AML with high CD117 and low CD11b positivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Seipel
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Scarlett Kohler
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herzog AE, Somayaji R, Nör JE. Bmi-1: A master regulator of head and neck cancer stemness. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1080255. [PMID: 36726797 PMCID: PMC9884974 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1080255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are composed of a diverse group of malignancies, many of which exhibit an unacceptably low patient survival, high morbidity and poor treatment outcomes. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis provides an explanation for the substantial patient morbidity associated with treatment resistance and the high frequency of tumor recurrence/metastasis. Stem cells are a unique population of cells capable of recapitulating a heterogenous organ from a single cell, due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into progenitor cells. CSCs share these attributes, in addition to playing a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression by means of their high tumorigenic potential. CSCs constitute only a small fraction of tumor cells but play a major role in tumor initiation and therapeutic evasion. The shift towards stem-like phenotype fuels many malignant features of a cancer cell and mediates resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Bmi-1 is a master regulator of stem cell self-renewal as part of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and has emerged as a prominent player in cancer stem cell biology. Bmi-1 expression is upregulated in CSCs, which is augmented by tumor-promoting factors and various conventional chemotherapies. Bmi-1+ CSCs mediate chemoresistance and metastasis. On the other hand, inhibiting Bmi-1 rescinds CSC function and re-sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, elucidating the functional role of Bmi-1 in CSC-mediated cancer progression may unveil an attractive target for mechanism-based, developmental therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the parallels in the role of Bmi-1 in stem cell biology of health and disease and explore how this can be leveraged to advance clinical treatment strategies for head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Herzog
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ritu Somayaji
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Universityof Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu Y, Yang K, Wu K, Wang H, Li Q, Zhang F, Yang K, Yao Q, Ma X, Deng Y, Zhang J, Liu C, Qu K. Identification of hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes based on PcG-related genes and biological relevance with cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:184. [PMID: 36566204 PMCID: PMC9790136 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extensive heterogeneous disease where epigenetic factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a group of subunits constituting various macro-molecular machines to regulate the epigenetic landscape, which contributes to cancer phenotype and has the potential to develop a molecular classification of HCC. RESULTS Here, based on multi-omics data analysis of DNA methylation, mRNA expression, and copy number of PcG-related genes, we established an epigenetic classification system of HCC, which divides the HCC patients into two subgroups with significantly different outcomes. Comparing these two epigenetic subgroups, we identified different metabolic features, which were related to epigenetic regulation of polycomb-repressive complex 1/2 (PRC1/2). Furthermore, we experimentally proved that inhibition of PcG complexes enhanced the lipid metabolism and reduced the capacity of HCC cells against glucose shortage. In addition, we validated the low chemotherapy sensitivity of HCC in Group A and found inhibition of PRC1/2 promoted HCC cells' sensitivity to oxaliplatin in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that aberrant upregulation of CBX2 in Group A and upregulation of CBX2 were associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Furthermore, we found that manipulation of CBX2 affected the levels of H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub. CONTRIBUTIONS Our study provided a novel molecular classification system based on PcG-related genes data and experimentally validated the biological features of HCC in two subgroups. Our founding supported the polycomb complex targeting strategy to inhibit HCC progression where CBX2 could be a feasible therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Fu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Kaibo Yang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Kunjin Wu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Hai Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Qinglin Li
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Fengping Zhang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Yang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Qing Yao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Yujie Deng
- grid.417295.c0000 0004 1799 374XDepartment of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Surgical Intensive Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Surgical Intensive Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Kai Qu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molica M, Perrone S. Molecular targets for the treatment of AML in the forthcoming 5th World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:973-986. [PMID: 36271671 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2140137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease for which the treatment armamentarium has been historically restricted to chemotherapy. However, genomic and epigenomic alterations that contribute to AML initiation, maintenance, and relapse have disclosed new insights to the 5th update in WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours. AREAS COVERED After four decades of intensive chemotherapy as a 'one-size-fits-all' concept, several targeted agents have been approved for the treatment of AML. Several compounds, directed against regulators of apoptotic, epigenetic, or micro-environmental pathways, and immune-system modulators, are currently in development and investigation in clinical trials. We review advances in target-based therapy for AML focusing on their mechanism of action, examining the intracellular events and pathways, and the results from published clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION To improve patient clinical outcomes, find new biomarkers for therapeutic response, and pinpoint patients who might benefit from novel targeted medicines, next-generation sequencing is being used to evaluate AML-associated mutations. In fact, the new 5th edition of WHO classification has reaffirmed the importance of genetically defined entities that have a prognostic impact, but not all have a specific treatment available. New class of target drugs are in clinical development and could be beneficial to improve the therapeutic armamentarium available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvatore Perrone
- Hematology, Polo Universitario Pontino, S.M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.,Division of Hematology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rationale for Combining the BCL2 Inhibitor Venetoclax with the PI3K Inhibitor Bimiralisib in the Treatment of IDH2- and FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012587. [PMID: 36293442 PMCID: PMC9604078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In October 2020, the FDA granted regular approval to venetoclax (ABT-199) in combination with hypomethylating agents for newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults 75 years or older, or in patients with comorbidities precluding intensive chemotherapy. The treatment response to venetoclax combination treatment, however, may be short-lived, and leukemia relapse is the major cause of treatment failure. Multiple studies have confirmed the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways associated with resistance to venetoclax. To improve treatment outcome, compounds targeting anti-apoptotic proteins and signaling pathways have been evaluated in combination with venetoclax. In this study, the BCL-XL inhibitor A1331852, MCL1-inhibitor S63845, dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor bimiralisib (PQR309), BMI-1 inhibitor unesbulin (PTC596), MEK-inhibitor trametinib (GSK1120212), and STAT3 inhibitor C-188-9 were assessed as single agents and in combination with venetoclax, for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells grown in the absence or presence of bone marrow stroma. Enhanced cytotoxic effects were present in all combination treatments with venetoclax in AML cell lines and AML patient samples. Elevated in vitro efficacies were observed for the combination treatment of venetoclax with A1331852, S63845 and bimiralisib, with differing response markers for each combination. For the venetoclax and bimiralisib combination treatment, responders were enriched for IDH2 and FLT3 mutations, whereas non-responders were associated with PTPN11 mutations. The combination of PI3K/mTOR dual pathway inhibition with bimiralisib and BCL2 inhibition with venetoclax has emerged as a candidate treatment in IDH2- and FLT3-mutated AML.
Collapse
|
9
|
Badodi S, Pomella N, Lim YM, Brandner S, Morrison G, Pollard SM, Zhang X, Zabet NR, Marino S. Combination of BMI1 and MAPK/ERK inhibitors is effective in medulloblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1273-1285. [PMID: 35213723 PMCID: PMC9340634 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic changes play a key role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. METHODS We explore the therapeutic potential of BMI1 and MAPK/ERK inhibition in BMI1High;CHD7Low MB cells and in a preclinical xenograft model. RESULTS We identify a synergistic vulnerability of BMI1High;CHD7Low MB cells to a combination treatment with BMI1 and MAPK/ERK inhibitors. Mechanistically, CHD7-dependent binding of BMI1 to MAPK-regulated genes underpins the CHD7-BMI1-MAPK regulatory axis responsible of the antitumour effect of the inhibitors in vitro and in a preclinical mouse model. Increased ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation activity is found in BMI1High;CHD7Low G4 MB patients, raising the possibility that they could be amenable to a similar therapy. CONCLUSIONS The molecular dissection of the CHD7-BMI1-MAPK regulatory axis in BMI1High;CHD7Low MB identifies this signature as a proxy to predict MAPK functional activation, which can be effectively drugged in preclinical models, and paves the way for further exploration of combined BMI1 and MAPK targeting in G4 MB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badodi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gillian Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicolae Radu Zabet
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo Y, Zhou G, Ma Q, Zhang L, Chen J. Bmi-1 directly upregulates glucose transporter 1 in human gastric adenocarcinoma. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:261-271. [PMID: 35415241 PMCID: PMC8951214 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether and how Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) plays a role in the regulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). GAC and matched noncancerous tissues were obtained from GAC patients who underwent surgical treatment at the China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University (Changchun, Jilin, China). The human GAC cell line AGS and the gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were used for in vitro studies. BALB/c nude mice were used for in vivo studies. The Bmi-1 and GLUT1 protein levels were significantly greater in human tissues from GAC patients and AGS cells in comparison with controls. Silencing of Bmi-1 resulted in significant decrease in glucose uptake, lactate levels, and GLUT1 expression. In vivo18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging studies indicated that the nude mice bearing xenografts of AGS cells treated with Bmi-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) had a significantly lower maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in comparison with the control mice. Thus, Bmi-1 directly upregulates GLUT1 gene expression, through which it is involved in enhancing glucose uptake in GAC. The results also provide scientific evidence for 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to evaluate Bmi-1 and glucose uptake in GAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , 126 Xiantai St., Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , 126 Xiantai St., Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Townsend PA, Kozhevnikova MV, Cexus ONF, Zamyatnin AA, Soond SM. BH3-mimetics: recent developments in cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:355. [PMID: 34753495 PMCID: PMC8576916 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hopeful outcomes from 30 years of research in BH3-mimetics have indeed served a number of solid paradigms for targeting intermediates from the apoptosis pathway in a variety of diseased states. Not only have such rational approaches in drug design yielded several key therapeutics, such outputs have also offered insights into the integrated mechanistic aspects of basic and clinical research at the genetics level for the future. In no other area of medical research have the effects of such work been felt, than in cancer research, through targeting the BAX-Bcl-2 protein-protein interactions. With these promising outputs in mind, several mimetics, and their potential therapeutic applications, have also been developed for several other pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and tissue fibrosis, thus highlighting the universal importance of the intrinsic arm of the apoptosis pathway and its input to general tissue homeostasis. Considering such recent developments, and in a field that has generated so much scientific interest, we take stock of how the broadening area of BH3-mimetics has developed and diversified, with a focus on their uses in single and combined cancer treatment regimens and recently explored therapeutic delivery methods that may aid the development of future therapeutics of this nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Townsend
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inhibition of BMI-1 Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Stabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810107. [PMID: 34576269 PMCID: PMC8472307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI-1, a polycomb ring finger oncogene, is highly expressed in multiple cancer cells and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. BMI-1 represents a cancer stemness marker that is associated with the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. In this study, pharmacological inhibition (PTC596) or knockdown (siRNA) of BMI-1 reduced cancer stem-like cells and enhanced cancer cell death. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BMI-1 induced the downregulation of Mcl-1 protein, but not Mcl-1 mRNA. PTC596 downregulated Mcl-1 protein expression at the post-translational level through the proteasome-ubiquitin system. PTC596 and BMI-1 siRNA induced downregulation of DUB3 deubiquitinase, which was strongly linked to Mcl-1 destabilization. Furthermore, overexpression of Mcl-1 or DUB3 inhibited apoptosis by PTC596. Taken together, our findings reveal that the inhibition of BMI-1 induces Mcl-1 destabilization through downregulation of DUB3, resulting in the induction of cancer cell death.
Collapse
|
13
|
Seipel K, Graber C, Flückiger L, Bacher U, Pabst T. Rationale for a Combination Therapy with the STAT5 Inhibitor AC-4-130 and the MCL1 Inhibitor S63845 in the Treatment of FLT3-Mutated or TET2-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158092. [PMID: 34360855 PMCID: PMC8347059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene is mutated in one-third of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutated FLT3 variants are constitutively active kinases signaling via AKT kinase, MAP kinases, and STAT5. FLT3 inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of FLT3-mutated AML. However, treatment response to FLT3 inhibitors may be short-lived, and resistance may emerge. Compounds targeting STAT5 may enhance and prolong effects of FLT3 inhibitors in this subset of patients with FLT3-mutated AML. Here STAT5-inhibitor AC-4-130, FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin (PKC412), BMI-1 inhibitor PTC596, MEK-inhibitor trametinib, MCL1-inhibitor S63845, and BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax were assessed as single agents and in combination for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells grown in the absence or presence of bone marrow stroma. Synergistic effects on cell viability were detected in both FLT3-mutated and FLT3-wild-type AML cells treated with AC-4-130 in combination with the MCL1 inhibitor S63845. AML patient samples with a strong response to AC-4-130 and S63845 combination treatment were characterized by mutated FLT3 or mutated TET2 genes. Susceptibility of AML cells to AC-4-130, PTC596, trametinib, PKC412, and venetoclax was altered in the presence of HS-5 stroma. Only the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 induced cell death with equal efficacy in the absence or presence of bone marrow stroma. The combination of the STAT5-inhibitor AC-4-130 and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 may be an effective treatment targeting FLT3-mutated or TET2-mutated AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Seipel
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 2008 Bern, Switzerland; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (T.P.); Tel.: +41-31-632-0934 (K.S.)
| | - Carolyn Graber
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 2008 Bern, Switzerland; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Laura Flückiger
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 2008 Bern, Switzerland; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (T.P.); Tel.: +41-31-632-0934 (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|