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Vallini G, Calabrese L, Canino C, Trovato E, Gentileschi S, Rubegni P, Tognetti L. Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2534. [PMID: 37947611 PMCID: PMC10647618 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common human neoplasms world-wide. In detail, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignancy in the fair-skinned population. The incidence of BCC remains difficult to assess due to the poor registration practice; however, it has been increasing in the last few years. Approximately, 85% of sporadic BCCs carry mutations in Hedgehog pathway genes, especially in PTCH, SUFU and SMO genes, which lead to the aberrant activation of GLI transcriptional factors, typically silent in cells of adult individuals. The management of advanced BCC (aBCC), both metastatic (mBCC) and locally advanced BCC (laBCC), not candidates for surgical excision or radiotherapy, remains challenging. The discovery of mutations in the Hh signaling pathway has paved the way for the development of Hh pathway inhibiting agents, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, which have represented a breakthrough in the aBCC management. However, the use of these agents is limited by the frequent occurrence of adverse events or the development of drug resistance. In this review, we thoroughly describe the current knowledge regarding the available options for the pharmacological management of aBCCs and provide a forward-looking update on novel therapeutic strategies that could enrich the therapeutic armamentarium of BCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vallini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrese
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Canino
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Trovato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Stefano Gentileschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Linda Tognetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
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Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2): A Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37509370 PMCID: PMC10378128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2) is one of the main contributors to the human phosphoproteome. It is regarded as a possible therapeutic strategy in several malignant diseases, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy. CK2 is an important regulator of intracellular signaling in AML cells, especially PI3K-Akt, Jak-Stat, NFκB, Wnt, and DNA repair signaling. High CK2 levels in AML cells at the first time of diagnosis are associated with decreased survival (i.e., increased risk of chemoresistant leukemia relapse) for patients receiving intensive and potentially curative antileukemic therapy. However, it is not known whether these high CK2 levels can be used as an independent prognostic biomarker because this has not been investigated in multivariate analyses. Several CK2 inhibitors have been developed, but CX-4945/silmitasertib is best characterized. This drug has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in primary human AML cells. The preliminary results from studies of silmitasertib in the treatment of other malignancies suggest that gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicities are relatively common. However, clinical AML studies are not available. Taken together, the available experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the possible use of CK2 inhibition in the treatment of AML should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Vázquez-Blomquist D, Ramón AC, Rosales M, Pérez GV, Rosales A, Palenzuela D, Perera Y, Perea SE. Gene expression profiling unveils the temporal dynamics of CIGB-300-regulated transcriptome in AML cell lines. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:373. [PMID: 37400761 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase CK2 activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of various hematological malignancies like Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) that remains challenging concerning treatment. This kinase has emerged as an attractive molecular target in therapeutic. Antitumoral peptide CIGB-300 blocks CK2 phospho-acceptor sites on their substrates but it also binds to CK2α catalytic subunit. Previous proteomic and phosphoproteomic experiments showed molecular and cellular processes with relevance for the peptide action in diverse AML backgrounds but earlier transcriptional level events might also support the CIGB-300 anti-leukemic effect. Here we used a Clariom S HT assay for gene expression profiling to study the molecular events supporting the anti-leukemic effect of CIGB-300 peptide on HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cell lines. RESULTS We found 183 and 802 genes appeared significantly modulated in HL-60 cells at 30 min and 3 h of incubation with CIGB-300 for p < 0.01 and FC > = │1.5│, respectively; while 221 and 332 genes appeared modulated in OCI-AML3 cells. Importantly, functional enrichment analysis evidenced that genes and transcription factors related to apoptosis, cell cycle, leukocyte differentiation, signaling by cytokines/interleukins, and NF-kB, TNF signaling pathways were significantly represented in AML cells transcriptomic profiles. The influence of CIGB-300 on these biological processes and pathways is dependent on the cellular background, in the first place, and treatment duration. Of note, the impact of the peptide on NF-kB signaling was corroborated by the quantification of selected NF-kB target genes, as well as the measurement of p50 binding activity and soluble TNF-α induction. Quantification of CSF1/M-CSF and CDKN1A/P21 by qPCR supports peptide effects on differentiation and cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS We explored for the first time the temporal dynamics of the gene expression profile regulated by CIGB-300 which, along with the antiproliferative mechanism, can stimulate immune responses by increasing immunomodulatory cytokines. We provided fresh molecular clues concerning the antiproliferative effect of CIGB-300 in two relevant AML backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Vázquez-Blomquist
- Pharmacogenomic Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ailyn C Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mauro Rosales
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, 10600, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - George V Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ailenis Rosales
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daniel Palenzuela
- Pharmacogenomic Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, 10600, Havana, Cuba.
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Hunan Province, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City, 425000, China.
| | - Silvio E Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, 10600, Havana, Cuba.
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Luo Y, Lei Y, Guo X, Zhu D, Zhang H, Guo Z, Xu Z, Zhao H, Xi Y, Peng X, Xiao L, Wang Z, Niu X, Chen G. CX-4945 inhibits fibroblast-like synoviocytes functions through the CK2-p53 axis to reduce rheumatoid arthritis disease severity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110163. [PMID: 37060808 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) mediate many pathological processes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including pannus formation, bone erosion, and inflammation. RA FLS have unique aggressive phenotypes and exhibit several tumor cell-like characteristics, including hyperproliferation, excessive migration and invasion. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is reportedly overexpressed in numerous tumor types, and targeted inhibition of CK2 has therapeutic benefits for tumors. However, the expression level of CK2 and its functions in RA FLS remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate whether CK2 is responsible for the aggressive phenotypes of RA FLS and whether targeted therapy can alleviate the severity of RA. We found that CK2 subunits were elevated in RA FLS compared with osteoarthritis FLS, and the activity of CK2 also markedly increased in RA FLS. Targeted inhibition of CK2 using CX-4945 suppressed RA FLS proliferation through cell cycle arrest. Cell migration and invasion were also inhibited by CX-4945 treatment. Moreover, CX-4945 reduced Interleukin-6 (IL-6), CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) secretion in RA FLS. Further proteomic investigation revealed that p53 signaling pathway significantly changes after CX-4945 treatment in RA FLS. The siRNA-mediated p53 knockdown partly abolished the anti-proliferation and reduced IL-6, MMP-3 secretion effects of CX-4945. Furthermore, CX-4945 administration alleviates arthritis severity in CIA mice. Collectively, our results demonstrated the abnormal elevation of CK2 and its positive association with abnormal phenotypes in RA FLS. Our novel findings suggest the possible therapeutic potential of CX-4945 for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Luo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yunxuan Lei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dehao Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zizhen Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zichong Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yebin Xi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guanghua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Protein Kinase CK2 and Epstein-Barr Virus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020358. [PMID: 36830895 PMCID: PMC9953236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a pleiotropic protein kinase, which phosphorylates a number of cellular and viral proteins. Thereby, this kinase is implicated in the regulation of cellular signaling, controlling of cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune response, migration and invasion. In general, viruses use host signaling mechanisms for the replication of their genome as well as for cell transformation leading to cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that CK2 also plays a role in controlling viral infection and the generation of cancer cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytically infects epithelial cells of the oropharynx and B cells. These latently infected B cells subsequently become resting memory B cells when passing the germinal center. Importantly, EBV is responsible for the generation of tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma. EBV was one of the first human viruses, which was connected to CK2 in the early nineties of the last century. The present review shows that protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates EBV encoded proteins as well as cellular proteins, which are implicated in the lytic and persistent infection and in EBV-induced neoplastic transformation. EBV-encoded and CK2-phosphorylated proteins together with CK2-phosphorylated cellular signaling proteins have the potential to provide efficient virus replication and cell transformation. Since there are powerful inhibitors known for CK2 kinase activity, CK2 might become an attractive target for the inhibition of EBV replication and cell transformation.
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Nipun VB, Amin KA. Recent Advances in Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:919-931. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. B. Nipun
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical Collage, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Anti-adipogenic and Pro-lipolytic Effects on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by CX-4945, an Inhibitor of Casein Kinase 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137274. [PMID: 35806278 PMCID: PMC9266649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase and is upregulated in human obesity. CX-4945 (Silmitasertib) is a CK2 inhibitor with anti-cancerous and anti-adipogenic activities. However, the anti-adipogenic and pro-lipolytic effects and the mode of action of CX-4945 in (pre)adipocytes remain elusive. Here, we explored the effects of CX-4945 on adipogenesis and lipolysis in differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, a murine preadipocyte cell line. CX-4945 at 15 μM strongly reduced lipid droplet (LD) accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, indicating the drug’s anti-adipogenic effect. Mechanistically, CX-4945 reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and perilipin A in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Strikingly, CX-4945 further increased the phosphorylation levels of cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B-1 (LKB-1) while decreasing the intracellular ATP content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, CX-4945 had abilities to stimulate glycerol release and elevate the phosphorylation levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), pointing to the drug’s pro-lipolytic effect. In addition, CX-4945 induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), and PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK-1/2, attenuated the CX4945-induced glycerol release and HSL phosphorylation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, indicating the drug’s ERK-1/2-dependent lipolysis. In summary, this investigation shows that CX-4945 has strong anti-adipogenic and pro-lipolytic effects on differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, mediated by control of the expression and phosphorylation levels of CK2, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, AMPK, LKB-1, ERK-1/2, and HSL.
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Schwarz R, Richter A, Ito ERD, Murua Escobar H, Junghanß C, Hinz B. Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of the CK2 Inhibitor Silmitasertib (CX-4945) in Human Plasma. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082394. [PMID: 35458589 PMCID: PMC9028559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silmitasertib (CX-4945) is currently being investigated in clinical trials against various types of cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has already granted orphan drug designation to the compound for the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma, medulloblastoma, and biliary tract cancer. Silmitasertib inhibits the serine/threonine protein kinase CK2, which exerts a proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptotic effect on cancer cells. In view of current and future applications, the measurement of silmitasertib levels in plasma is expected to play an important role in the evaluation of therapeutic and toxic concentrations in cancer patients. In the present work, we therefore present an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of silmitasertib in human plasma. Using a simple liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate, this method can be performed in any laboratory with mass spectrometry. The validation was carried out according to the FDA guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.S.); (E.R.D.I.)
| | - Anna Richter
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (H.M.E.); (C.J.)
| | - Elisabeth R. D. Ito
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.S.); (E.R.D.I.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (H.M.E.); (C.J.)
| | - Christian Junghanß
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (H.M.E.); (C.J.)
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.S.); (E.R.D.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Rosales M, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Pérez GV, Besada V, Soto T, Ramos Y, González LJ, Zettl K, Wiśniewski JR, Yang K, Perera Y, Perea SE. CIGB-300-Regulated Proteome Reveals Common and Tailored Response Patterns of AML Cells to CK2 Inhibition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:834814. [PMID: 35359604 PMCID: PMC8962202 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.834814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a highly pleiotropic and ubiquitously expressed Ser/Thr kinase with instrumental roles in normal and pathological states, including neoplastic phenotype in solid tumor and hematological malignancies. In line with previous reports, CK2 has been suggested as an attractive prognostic marker and molecular target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a blood malignant disorder that remains as an unmet medical need. Accordingly, this work investigates the complex landscape of molecular and cellular perturbations supporting the antileukemic effect exerted by CK2 inhibition in AML cells. To identify and functionally characterize the proteomic profile differentially modulated by the CK2 peptide-based inhibitor CIGB-300, we carried out LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis in human cell lines representing two differentiation stages and major AML subtypes. Using this approach, 109 and 129 proteins were identified as significantly modulated in HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cells, respectively. In both proteomic profiles, proteins related to apoptotic cell death, cell cycle progression, and transcriptional/translational processes appeared represented, in agreement with previous results showing the impact of CIGB-300 in AML cell proliferation and viability. Of note, a group of proteins involved in intracellular redox homeostasis was specifically identified in HL-60 cell-regulated proteome, and flow cytometric analysis also confirmed a differential effect of CIGB-300 over reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AML cells. Thus, oxidative stress might play a relevant role on CIGB-300-induced apoptosis in HL-60 but not in OCI-AML3 cells. Importantly, these findings provide first-hand insights concerning the CIGB-300 antileukemic effect and draw attention to the existence of both common and tailored response patterns triggered by CK2 inhibition in different AML backgrounds, a phenomenon of particular relevance with regard to the pharmacologic blockade of CK2 and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rosales
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana, Cuba
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - George V. Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - Thalia Soto
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana, Cuba
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis J. González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ke Yang
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Yasser Perera, ; Silvio E. Perea,
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Yasser Perera, ; Silvio E. Perea,
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Yasser Perera, ; Silvio E. Perea,
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Targeting of Protein Kinase CK2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Using the Clinical-Grade Synthetic-Peptide CIGB-300. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070766. [PMID: 34356831 PMCID: PMC8301452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an advent that becomes particularly relevant since the treatment of this hematological neoplasia remains challenging. Here we explored for the first time the effect of the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on AML cells proliferation and viability. CIGB-300 internalization and subcellular distribution were also studied, and the role of B23/nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a major target for the peptide in solid tumors, was addressed by knock-down in model cell lines. Finally, pull-down experiments and phosphoproteomic analysis were performed to study CIGB-interacting proteins and identify the array of CK2 substrates differentially modulated after treatment with the peptide. Importantly, CIGB-300 elicited a potent anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effect in AML cells, with more than 80% of peptide transduced cells within three minutes. Unlike solid tumor cells, NPM1 did not appear to be a major target for CIGB-300 in AML cells. However, in vivo pull-down experiments and phosphoproteomic analysis evidenced that CIGB-300 targeted the CK2α catalytic subunit, different ribosomal proteins, and inhibited the phosphorylation of a common CK2 substrates array among both AML backgrounds. Remarkably, our results not only provide cellular and molecular insights unveiling the complexity of the CIGB-300 anti-leukemic effect in AML cells but also reinforce the rationale behind the pharmacologic blockade of protein kinase CK2 for AML-targeted therapy.
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