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Janneh AH. Sphingolipid Signaling and Complement Activation in Glioblastoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapeutic Intervention. BIOCHEM 2024; 4:126-143. [PMID: 38894892 PMCID: PMC11185840 DOI: 10.3390/biochem4020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment options. Therefore, new treatment options are required. Sphingolipids are essential components of the cell membrane, while complement components are integral to innate immunity, and both play a critical role in regulating glioblastoma survival signaling. This review focuses on recent studies investigating the functional roles of sphingolipid metabolism and complement activation signaling in glioblastoma. It also discusses how targeting these two systems together may emerge as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhaji H Janneh
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Zhu XL, Zhang L, Qi SX. Association of complement components with risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2168-2180. [PMID: 38764810 PMCID: PMC11099464 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement components could contribute to the tumor microenvironment and the systemic immune response. Nevertheless, their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a contentious subject. AIM To elucidate the relationship between complement components and CRC risk and clinical characteristics. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database until June 1, 2023. We included cohort studies encompassing participants aged ≥ 18 years, investigating the association between complement components and CRC. The studies were of moderate quality or above, as determined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The meta-analysis employed fixed-effects or random-effects models based on the I² test, utilizing risk ratio (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for outcomes. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the collective estimates and identify the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Data from 15 studies, comprising 1631 participants that met the inclusion criteria, were included in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that protein levels of cluster of differentiation 46 (CD46) (RR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.75-7.64, P < 0.001), CD59 (RR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.36-6.01, P = 0.005), and component 1 (C1) (RR = 5.88, 95%CI: 1.75-19.73, P = 0.004) and serum levels of C3 (standardized mean difference = 1.82, 95%CI: 0.06-3.58, P = 0.040) were significantly elevated in patients with CRC compared to healthy controls. Strong expression of CD55 or CD59 was associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, whereas strong CD46 expression correlated with a higher incidence of tumor differentiation compared to low CD46 expression (P < 0.05 for all). Although specific pooled results demonstrated notable heterogeneity, subgroup analyses pointed to regional differences as the primary source of inconsistency among the studies. CONCLUSION Our analysis underscores that increased levels of specific complement components are associated with a heightened risk of CRC, emphasizing the potential significance of monitoring elevated complement component levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Su-Xia Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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Gong Z, He Y, Mi X, Li C, Sun X, Wang G, Li L, Han Y, Xu C, Wang W, Cai S, Wang L, Liu Z. Complement and coagulation cascades pathway-related signature as a predictor of immunotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9479-9498. [PMID: 37747262 PMCID: PMC10564431 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown efficacy in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), however, only a small subset of patients could benefit from ICIs. Identifying predictive biomarkers of ICIs in patients with mUC is clinical meaningful for patient stratification and administration. METHODS Clinical and transcriptomic data of mUC patients treated with ICIs from mUC cohort (IMvigor210 study) was utilized to explore the predictive biomarkers. LASSO Cox regression was performed to construct a predictive model. The predictive model was trained and tested in the mUC cohort, and then exploratively tested in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and melanoma cohorts in which patients also received ICIs regimens. RESULTS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in complement and coagulation cascades pathway (CCCP) were mainly enriched in non-responders of ICIs in the mUC cohort. A CCCP risk score was constructed based on the DEGs in CCCP. Patients with a low-risk score were more responsive to ICIs and had better overall survival (OS) than those with a high-risk score in the training set (HR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.27-0.53, P<0.001) and the test set (HR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.17-0.71, P=0.003). The association between the CCCP risk score and OS remained significant in the multivariable cox regression by adjusting PD-L1 expression and TMB (P<0.05). In addition, there was no difference for OS in the bladder cancer patients without ICIs (TCGA-BLCA cohort, HR, 0.76, 95%CI, 0.49-1.18, P=0.22), suggesting a predictive but not prognostic effect of the risk score. For the exploratory analysis, consistent results were observed that low-risk group showed superior OS in ccRCC cohort (HR, 0.52, 95%CI, 0.37-0.75, P<0.001) and melanoma cohort (HR, 0.27, 95%CI, 0.12-0.62, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the CCCP risk score is an independent biomarker that predicts the efficacy of ICIs in mUC patients. The patients with a low-risk score tend to have a better response to ICIs and a longer life time probably due to the immune-activated TME. Further studies are needed to validate the clinical utility of the seven-gene signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuming He
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiao Mi
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | | | - Xiaoran Sun
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | | | - Leo Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yusheng Han
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shangli Cai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Liang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Khaled ML, Tarhini AA, Forsyth PA, Smalley I, Piña Y. Leptomeningeal Disease (LMD) in Patients with Melanoma Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061884. [PMID: 36980770 PMCID: PMC10047692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication caused by seeding malignant cells to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the leptomeningeal membrane. LMD is diagnosed in 5-15% of patients with systemic malignancy. Management of LMD is challenging due to the biological and metabolic tumor microenvironment of LMD being largely unknown. Patients with LMD can present with a wide variety of signs and/or symptoms that could be multifocal and include headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia, and weakness, among others. The median survival time for patients with LMD is measured in weeks and up to 3-6 months with aggressive management, and death usually occurs due to progressive neurologic dysfunction. In melanoma, LMD is associated with a suppressive immune microenvironment characterized by a high number of apoptotic and exhausted CD4+ T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and a low number of CD8+ T-cells. Proteomics analysis revealed enrichment of complement cascade, which may disrupt the blood-CSF barrier. Clinical management of melanoma LMD consists primarily of radiation therapy, BRAF/MEK inhibitors as targeted therapy, and immunotherapy with anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4, and anti-LAG-3 immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review summarizes the biology and anatomic features of melanoma LMD, as well as the current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Lotfy Khaled
- Metabolism and Physiology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Neuro-Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Inna Smalley
- Metabolism and Physiology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yolanda Piña
- Neuro-Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Fan Y, Liao J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zheng H, Wang Y. miR-132-3p regulates antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells by directly targeting CD55. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:57-67. [PMID: 36571232 PMCID: PMC9993456 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) on tumour cells helps them survive complement attacks by suppressing antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Consequently, mCRP overexpression limits monoclonal antibody drug immune efficacy. CD55, an mCRP, plays an important role in inhibiting antibody-mediated CDC. However, the mechanisms regulating CD55 expression in tumour cells remain unclear. Here, the aim was to explore CD55-targeting miRNAs. We previously constructed an in vitro model comprising cancer cell lines expressing α-gal and serum containing natural antibodies against α-gal and complement. This was used to simulate antibody-mediated CDC in colon cancer cells. We screened microRNAs that directly target CD55 using LoVo and Ls-174T colon cell lines, which express CD55 at low and high levels, respectively. miR-132-3p expression was dramatically lower in Ls-174T cells than in LoVo cells. miR-132-3p overexpression or inhibition transcriptionally regulated CD55 expression by specifically targeting its mRNA 3'-untranslated regions. Further, miR-132-3p modulation regulated colon cancer cell sensitivity to antibody-mediated CDC through C5a release and C5b-9 deposition. Moreover, miR-132-3p expression was significantly reduced, whereas CD55 expression was increased, in colon cancer tissues compared to levels in adjacent normal tissues. CD55 protein levels were negatively correlated with miR-132-3p expression in colon cancer tissues. Our results indicate that miR-132-3p regulates colon cancer cell sensitivity to antibody-mediated CDC by directly targeting CD55. In addition, incubating the LoVo human tumour cell line, stably transfected with the xenoantigen α-gal, with human serum containing natural antibodies comprises a stable and cheap in vitro model to explore the mechanisms underlying antibody-mediated CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Correspondence: Yanping Wang, 5# Gongxing Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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O’Brien RM, Lynam-Lennon N, Olcina MM. Thinking inside the box: intracellular roles for complement system proteins come into focus. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:165-167. [PMID: 36650365 PMCID: PMC9902547 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, perspectives on the complement system in the context of cancer have shifted, with complement proteins now implicated in many of the hallmarks of cancer. Systemically, the generation of complement anaphylatoxin C5a, the most potent inflammatory mediator of the cascade, occurs following convertase-mediated cleavage of complement component C5. In a recent manuscript, Ding et al., propose that in colorectal cancer cells, C5 cleavage can occur intracellularly and in a convertase-independent manner, identifying cathepsin D as an enzyme capable of cleaving C5 into C5a [1]. Intracellular C5a is functional and promotes β-catenin stabilisation via the assembly of a KCTD5/cullin3/Roc-1 complex. Importantly, the blockade of C5aR1 prevents tumorigenesis. This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that complement proteins, previously thought to primarily have extracellular or membrane-bound functions, also have important intracellular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland ,grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Monica M. Olcina
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
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Complement and Fungal Dysbiosis as Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets in PDAC Treatment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9833-9854. [PMID: 36547187 PMCID: PMC9777542 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still hampered by a dismal prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment within the pancreas and of the factors affecting its composition is of utmost importance for developing new diagnostic and treatment tools. In this context, the complement system plays a prominent role. Not only has it been shown to shape a T cell-mediated immune response, but it also directly affects proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor cells, influencing angiogenesis, metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. This makes complement proteins appealing not only as early biomarkers of PDAC development, but also as therapeutic targets. Fungal dysbiosis is currently the new kid on the block in tumorigenesis with cancer-associated mycobiomes extracted from several cancer types. For PDAC, colonization with the yeast Malassezia seems to promote cancer progression, already in precursor lesions. One responsible mechanism appears to be complement activation via the lectin pathway. In the present article, we review the role of the complement system in tumorigenesis, presenting observations that propose it as the missing link between fungal dysbiosis and PDAC development. We also present the results of a small pilot study supporting the crucial interplay between the complement system and Malassezia colonization in PDAC pathogenesis.
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Wang J, Akter R, Shahriar MF, Uddin MN. Cancer-Associated Stromal Fibroblast-Derived Transcriptomes Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes and Immunosuppression in Colon Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610350. [PMID: 35991839 PMCID: PMC9385976 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies revealed that colonic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are associated with the modulation of the colon tumor microenvironment (TME). However, identification of key transcriptomes and their correlations with the survival prognosis, immunosuppression, tumor progression, and metastasis in colon cancer remains lacking. Methods: We used the GSE46824, GSE70468, GSE17536, GSE35602, and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) datasets for this study. We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, hub genes, and survival-associated genes in colon cancer. Finally, we investigated the correlation of key genes with the survival prognosis, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Results: We identified 246 common DEGs between the GSE46824 and GSE70468 datasets of colonic CAFs, which included 72 upregulated and 174 downregulated genes. The upregulated pathways are mainly involved with cancers and cellular signaling, and downregulated pathways are involved with immune regulation and cellular metabolism. The search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING)-based analysis identified 15 hub genes and 9 significant clusters in colonic CAFs. The upregulation of CTHRC1, PDGFC, PDLIM3, NTM, and SLC16A3 and downregulation of FBN2 are correlated with a shorter survival time in colon cancer. The CTHRC1, PDGFC, PDLIM3, and NTM genes are positively correlated with the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), macrophages, M2 macrophages, the regulatory T cells (Tregs), T cell exhaustion, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), indicating the immunosuppressive roles of these transcriptomes in colon cancer. Moreover, the CTHRC1, PDGFC, PDLIM3, NTM, and SLC16A3 genes are gradually increased from normal tissue to the tumor and tumor to the metastatic tumor, and FBN2 showed the reverse pattern. Furthermore, the CTHRC1, FBN2, PDGFC, PDLIM3, and NTM genes are positively correlated with the metastatic scores in colon cancer. Then, we revealed that the expression value of CTHRC1, FBN2, PDGFC, PDLIM3, NTM, and SLC16A3 showed the diagnostic efficacy in colonic CAFs. Finally, the expression level of CTHRC1, PDGFC, and NTM genes are consistently altered in colon tumor stroma as well as in the higher CAFs-group of TCGA COAD patients. Conclusion: The identified colonic CAFs-derived key genes are positively correlated with survival prognosis, immunosuppression, tumor progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Rehana Akter
- Bioinformatics Research Lab, Center for Research Innovation and Development (CRID), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh,*Correspondence: Md. Nazim Uddin,
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Obreshkova D, Ivanova S, Yordanova-Laleva P. Influence of chemical structure and mechanism of hydrolysis on pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of approved platinum drugs. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e87494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The problems with platinum complexes are resistance and toxicity of anticancer therapy. The aim of current study is the comparison of the influence of chemical structure and mechanism of hydrolysis on pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of approved in platinum drugs: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, Heptaplatin, Satraplatin. Hydrolysis of Carboplatin and Nedaplatin occurs by double step hydration, to obtain the same active products as with Cisplatin: diaqudiamine-platinum. The similarity in mechanisms of hydrolysis of Oxaliplatin, Lobaplatin Heptaplatin, and Satraplatin is that the first part of the hydrolysis corresponds to the ring-opening and addition of the first water molecule, and in the second step of reaction occur the loss of the ligand and the formation of the di-aquated product by the addition of a second water molecule. Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxaliplatin are nephrotoxic. Cisplatin and Heptaplatin are nephrotoxic. The similar dose-limiting effects of Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, and Satraplatin is myelosuppression.
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Zhao C, Yu Y, Liu J, Lu G, Li T, Gao Y, Zhang J, Guo X. Diversity of complement activation in different thyroid diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108636. [PMID: 35217432 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate complement components expression in both thyroid tissues and serum from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS C1q, mannose binding lectin (MBL), Bb, C4d, C3d and membrane attack complex (MAC) (C5b-9) deposition and complement regulate proteins (CD46, CD55 and CD59) expression in thyroid tissues from HT, GD, PTC, and control groups were examined by IHC. C1q, MBL, Bb, C4d, C3a, and soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) serum levels in the HT, GD, PTC, and healthy donor (HD) groups were measured by ELISAs. RESULTS MAC deposition was detected in thyroid tissues in the HT, GD and PTC groups, but not the control group. MBL, Bb, C4d, C3d and MAC staining intensities in thyroid tissues were significantly higher in the HT and PTC groups than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The C1q level was higher in HT tissues than in control tissues (both P < 0.05). No complement component had a significant difference in staining intensities between the GD and control groups. CD55 and CD59 expression levels in thyroid tissues were higher in the PTC group than in the HT, GD and control groups (all P < 0.05). Similarly, CD46 levels were higher in HT tissues than in control tissues. Bb, C4d, C3a and sC5b-9 serum levels were significantly increased in HT, GD and PTC patients compared with HDs (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Complement is overactivated in HT and PTC, but not in GD. All the three pathways are activated in HT, and the MBL and alternative complement pathways are activated in PTC. These distinct complement activation profiles may participate in HT, GD and PTC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, No. 89 Dong Gang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guizhi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
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Application of Approved Cisplatin Derivatives in Combination Therapy against Different Cancer Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082466. [PMID: 35458666 PMCID: PMC9031877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The problems with anticancer therapy are resistance and toxicity. From 3000 Cisplatin derivatives tested as antitumor agents, most of them have been rejected, due to toxicity. The aim of current study is the comparison of therapeutic combinations of the currently applied in clinical practice: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, Heptaplatin, and Satraplatin. The literature data show that the strategies for the development of platinum anticancer agents and bypassing of resistance to Cisplatin derivatives and their toxicity are: combination therapy, Pt IV prodrugs, the targeted nanocarriers. The very important strategy for the improvement of the antitumor effect against different cancers is synergistic combination of Cisplatin derivatives with: (1) anticancer agents—Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Pemetrexed, Ifosfamide, Irinotecan, Topotecan, Etoposide, Amrubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Vinorelbine, Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Nab-Paclitaxel; (2) modulators of resistant mechanisms; (3) signaling protein inhibitors—Erlotinib; Bortezomib; Everolimus; (4) and immunotherapeutic drugs—Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Bevacizumab, Cemiplimab, Cetuximab, Durvalumab, Erlotinib, Imatinib, Necitumumab, Nimotuzumab, Nivolumab, Onartuzumab, Panitumumab, Pembrolizumab, Rilotumumab, Trastuzumab, Tremelimumab, and Sintilimab. An important approach for overcoming the drug resistance and reduction of toxicity of Cisplatin derivatives is the application of nanocarriers (polymers and liposomes), which provide improved targeted delivery, increased intracellular penetration, selective accumulation in tumor tissue, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The advantages of combination therapy are maximum removal of tumor cells in different phases; prevention of resistance; inhibition of the adaptation of tumor cells and their mutations; and reduction of toxicity.
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Saad AA. Targeting cancer-associated glycans as a therapeutic strategy in leukemia. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2049901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdullah Saad
- Unit of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and BMT, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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13
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Cedzyński M, Świerzko AS. Components of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in Solid Tumour Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061543. [PMID: 35326694 PMCID: PMC8946279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important branch of the humoral innate immune response that can be activated via three distinct pathways (classical, alternative, lectin), contributing to keeping/restoring homeostasis. It can also interact with cellular innate immunity and with components of acquired immunity. Cross-talk between the complement system and other enzyme-dependent cascades makes it a more influential defence system, but on the other hand, over- or chronic activation can be harmful. This short review is focused on the dual role of the lectin pathway of complement activation in human solid tumour cancers, including those of the female reproductive system, lung, and alimentary tract, with emphasis on the aforementioned cross-talk.
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Luo H, Ge H. Application of Proteomics in the Discovery of Radiosensitive Cancer Biomarkers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852791. [PMID: 35280744 PMCID: PMC8904368 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy remains an important component of cancer treatment. Gene-encoded proteins were the actual executors of cellular functions. Proteomic was a novel technology that can systematically analysis protein composition and measure their levels of change, this was a high throughput method, and were the import tools in the post genomic era. In recent years, rapid progress of proteomic have been made in the study of cancer mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. This article elaborates current advances and future directions of proteomics in the discovery of radiosensitive cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Saber-Ayad M. Complement System: An Immunotherapy Target in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810993. [PMID: 35173724 PMCID: PMC8841337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most fatal cancer worldwide. Several parts of the immune system contribute to fighting cancer including the innate complement system. The complement system is composed of several players, namely component molecules, regulators and receptors. In this review, we discuss the complement system activation in cancer specifically CRC and highlight the possible interactions between the complement system and the various TME components. Additionally, the role of the complement system in tumor immunity of CRC is reviewed. Hence, such work could provide a framework for researchers to further understand the role of the complement system in CRC and explore the potential therapies targeting complement activation in solid tumors such as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
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Lymphoid Organ Proteomes Identify Therapeutic Efficacy Biomarkers Following the Intracavitary Administration of Curcumin in a Highly Invasive Rat Model of Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168566. [PMID: 34445271 PMCID: PMC8395293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the proteomic changes produced by curcumin treatment following stimulation of the host immune system in a rat model of malignant mesothelioma. We analyzed the proteomes of secondary lymphoid organs from four normal rats, four untreated tumor-bearing rats, and four tumor-bearing rats receiving repeated intraperitoneal administrations of curcumin. Cross-comparing proteome analyses of histological sections of the spleen from the three groups first identified a list of eighty-three biomarkers of interest, thirteen of which corresponded to proteins already reported in the literature and involved in the anticancer therapeutic effects of curcumin. In a second step, comparing these data with proteomic analyses of histological sections of mesenteric lymph nodes revealed eight common biomarkers showing a similar pattern of changes in both lymphoid organs. Additional findings included a partial reduction of the increase in spleen-circulating biomarkers, a decrease in C-reactive protein and complement C3 in the spleen and lymph nodes, and an increase in lymph node purine nucleoside phosphorylase previously associated with liver immunodeficiency. Our results suggest some protein abundance changes could be related to the systemic, distant non-target antitumor effects produced by this phytochemical.
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Watanabe J, Mitsuya K, Nakamoto S, Harada H, Deguchi S, Hayashi N, Nakasu Y. Leptomeningeal Metastasis in ER + HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer Patients: A Review of the Cases in a Single Institute Over a 15-year Period. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:225-236. [PMID: 33966182 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ER + HER2-ABC) has a poor prognosis, the details of ER + HER2-LM are unclear. We therefore retrospectively investigated patients with LM from ER + HER2-ABC. METHODS ER + HER2-ABC patients who received any therapy at Shizuoka Cancer Center between October 2002 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases were divided into three groups: brain metastasis (BM) only (B group); BM with LM (BL group); and LM only (L group). RESULTS Among 369 patients, 102 developed CNS metastases: 70 (68.6%), 13 (12.8%), and 19 (18.6%) in the B, BL, and L groups, respectively. The L group showed a later onset, poorer performance status, more symptoms, and more skull metastasis than the other groups. Radiotherapy as the initial treatment was introduced to 13/13 (100%) and 15/19 (78.9%) in the BL and L groups, respectively. Subsequent systemic therapy excluding best supportive care was introduced to 5/13 (38.5%) and 5/19 (26.3%) in the BL and L groups, respectively. The median overall survival from the diagnosis of CNS lesions was 295.0, 146.0, and 99.0 days in the B, BL, and L groups, respectively, and worsening of CNS lesions was the major cause of death in the BL and L groups. Multivariate analyses showed that concurrent soft tissue metastasis (hazard ratio, 4.620) and subsequent systemic therapy (hazard ratio, 0.063) were prognostic for the L group. CONCLUSION Management of LM from ER + HER2-ABC remains challenging, so a multimodal approach with novel systemic therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Watanabe
- Division of Breast Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan. .,Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakamoto
- Division of Breast Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.,Division of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1 Zao-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-8511, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Harada
- Division of Radiation Therapy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Deguchi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nakamasa Hayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Ohtsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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