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de Castro Alves CE, Bogza SL, Bohdan N, Rozhenko AB, de Freitas Gomes A, de Oliveira RC, de Azevedo RG, Maciel LRS, Dhyani A, Grafov A, Pontes GS. Pharmacological assessment of the antineoplastic and immunomodulatory properties of a new spiroindolone derivative (7',8'-Dimethoxy-1',3'-dimethyl-1,2,3',4'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,5'-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin]-2-one) in chronic myeloid leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:629-637. [PMID: 37452982 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of effective novel compounds is paramount in oncology for improving cancer therapy. In this study, we developed a new derivative of spiroindolone (7',8'-Dimethoxy-1',3'-dimethyl-1,2,3',4'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,5'- pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin]-2-one) and evaluated its anticancer- and immunomodulatory potential in a vitro model of chronic leukemia. We utilized the chronic leukemia cell line K562, as well as non-cancerous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Vero cells (kidney epithelium of Cercopithecus aethiops). We assessed the cytotoxicity of the compound using the MTT assay, and performed cell cycle assays to determine its impact on different stages of the cell cycle. To evaluate its antineoplastic activity, we conducted a colony formation test to measure the effect of the compound on the clonal growth of cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the compound by measuring the levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The study findings demonstrate that the spiroindolone-derived compound exerted noteworthy cytotoxic effects against K562 cells, with an IC50 value of 25.27 µg/mL. Additionally, it was observed that the compound inhibited the clonal proliferation of K562 cells while displaying minimal toxicity to normal cells. The compound exhibited its antiproliferative activity by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, preventing the entry of K562 cells into mitosis. Notably, the compound demonstrated an immunomodulatory effect by upregulating the production of cytokines IL-6 and IL-12/23p40. In conclusion, the spiroindolone-derived compound evaluated in this study has demonstrated significant potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Further investigations are warranted to explore its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067- 375, AM, Brazil
| | - Serge L Bogza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str. 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Nathalie Bohdan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str. 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander B Rozhenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str. 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Beresteiskyi prosp. 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Alice de Freitas Gomes
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, The State University of Amazon, Manaus, 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Renata Galvão de Azevedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Larissa Raquel Silva Maciel
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067- 375, AM, Brazil
| | - Anamika Dhyani
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, The State University of Amazon, Manaus, 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067- 375, AM, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, The State University of Amazon, Manaus, 69050-010, AM, Brazil.
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Janani G, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Supremacy of nanoparticles in the therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia. ADMET AND DMPK 2023; 11:499-511. [PMID: 37937247 PMCID: PMC10626512 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The reciprocal translocation of the ABL gene from chromosome 9 to chromosome 22 near the BCR gene gives rise to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The translocation results in forming the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL) tyrosine kinase. CML results in an increase in the number of white blood cells and alteration in tyrosine kinase expression. CML prognosis includes three stages, namely chronic, accelerated, and blast. The diagnosis method involves a CT scan, biopsy, and complete blood count. However, due to certain disadvantages, early diagnosis of CML is not possible by traditional methods. Nanotechnology offers many advantages in diagnosing and treating cancer. Experimental approach We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the keywords Philadelphia chromosome, bionanotechnology, tyrosine kinase pathway, half-life, passive targeting, and organic and inorganic nanoparticles. The relevant papers and the classical papers in this field were selected to write about in this review. Key results The sensitivity and specificity of an assay can be improved by nanoparticles. Utilizing this property, peptides, antibodies, aptamers, etc., in the form of nanoparticles, can be used to detect cancer at a much earlier stage. The half-life of the drug is also increased by nanoformulation. The nanoparticle-coated drugs can easily escape from the immune system. Conclusion Depending on their type, nanoparticles can be categorized into organic, inorganic and hybrid. Each type has its advantages. Organic nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, inorganic nanoparticles increase the half-life of the drugs. In this review, we highlight the nanoparticles involved in treating CML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
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Lupane Triterpene Derivatives Improve Antiproliferative Effect on Leukemia Cells through Apoptosis Induction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238263. [PMID: 36500355 PMCID: PMC9738192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the most frequent types of cancer. No effective treatment currently exists, driving a search for new compounds. Simple structural modifications were made to novel triterpenes isolated from Phoradendron wattii. Of the three resulting derivatives, 3α-methoxy-24-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (T1m) caused a decrease in the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) on the K562 cell line. Its mode of action was apparently apoptosis, ROS generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Molecular docking analysis showed T1m to produce lower binding energies than its precursor for the Bcl-2 and EGFR proteins. Small, simple, and viable modifications to triterpenes can improve their activity against leukemia cell lines. T1m is a potentially promising element for future research. Clarifying the targets in its mode of action will improve its applicability.
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Gene Expression Landscape of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells Overexpressing the Tumor Suppressor Gene PTPRG. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179899. [PMID: 36077295 PMCID: PMC9456469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerns the analysis of the modulation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cell model K562 transcriptome following transfection with the tumor suppressor gene encoding for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type G (PTPRG) and treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Imatinib. Specifically, we aimed at identifying genes whose level of expression is altered by PTPRG modulation and Imatinib concentration. Statistical tests as differential expression analysis (DEA) supported by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and modern methods of ontological term analysis are presented along with some results of current interest for forthcoming experimental research in the field of the transcriptomic landscape of CML. In particular, we present two methods that differ in the order of the analysis steps. After a gene selection based on fold-change value thresholding, we applied statistical tests to select differentially expressed genes. Therefore, we applied two different methods on the set of differentially expressed genes. With the first method (Method 1), we implemented GSEA, followed by the identification of transcription factors. With the second method (Method 2), we first selected the transcription factors from the set of differentially expressed genes and implemented GSEA on this set. Method 1 is a standard method commonly used in this type of analysis, while Method 2 is unconventional and is motivated by the intention to identify transcription factors more specifically involved in biological processes relevant to the CML condition. Both methods have been equipped in ontological knowledge mining and word cloud analysis, as elements of novelty in our analytical procedure. Data analysis identified RARG and CD36 as a potential PTPRG up-regulated genes, suggesting a possible induction of cell differentiation toward an erithromyeloid phenotype. The prediction was confirmed at the mRNA and protein level, further validating the approach and identifying a new molecular mechanism of tumor suppression governed by PTPRG in a CML context.
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Muhammad S, Saba A, Khera RA, Al-Sehemi AG, Algarni H, Iqbal J, Alshahrani MY, Chaudhry AR. Virtual screening of potential inhibitor against breast cancer-causing estrogen receptor alpha (ERα): molecular docking and dynamic simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2072840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afsheen Saba
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah. G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Algarni
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Ismail MA, Nasrallah GK, Monne M, AlSayab A, Yassin MA, Varadharaj G, Younes S, Sorio C, Cook R, Modjtahedi H, Al-Dewik NI. Description of PTPRG genetic variants identified in a cohort of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients and their ability to influence response to Tyrosine kinase Inhibitors. Gene 2021; 813:146101. [PMID: 34906644 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have remarkably transformed Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) management; however, TKI resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Mutations in BCR-ABL1 are well studied but fail to explain 20-40% of resistant cases, suggesting the activation of alternative, BCR-ABL1-independent pathways. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Gamma (PTPRG), a tumor suppressor, was found to be well expressed in CML patients responsive to TKIs and down-regulated in resistant patients. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic variants in PTPRG that could potentially modulate TKIs response in CML patients. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples collected from two CML cohorts (Qatar and Italy) and targeted exome sequencing was performed. Among 31 CML patients, six were TKI-responders and 25 were TKI-resistant. Sequencing identified ten variants, seven were annotated and three were novel SNPs (c.1602_1603insC, c.85+86delC, and c.2289-129delA). Among them, five variants were identified in 15 resistant cases. Of these, one novel exon variant (c.1602_1603insC), c.841-29C>T (rs199917960) and c.1378-224A>G (rs2063204) were found to be significantly different between the resistant cases compared to responders. Our findings suggest that PTPRG variants may act as an indirect resistance mechanism of BCR-ABL1 to affect TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ismail
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of science, engineering & computing-Kingston University London, United Kingdom; Interim Translational Research Institute (iTRI), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria Monne
- Centro di Diagnostica Biomolecolare e Citogenetica Emato-Oncologica, "San Francesco" Hospital, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Ali AlSayab
- Interim Translational Research Institute (iTRI), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Centre for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Salma Younes
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard Cook
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of science, engineering & computing-Kingston University London, United Kingdom
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of science, engineering & computing-Kingston University London, United Kingdom
| | - Nader I Al-Dewik
- Interim Translational Research Institute (iTRI), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar; Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, Kingston University, St. George's University of London, UK; Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Science (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.
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Protein Kinases in Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112747. [PMID: 34206000 PMCID: PMC8198986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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