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Yin J, Daryanani A, Lu F, Ku AT, Bright JR, Alilin ANS, Bowman J, Lake R, Li C, Truong TM, Twohig JD, Mostaghel EA, Ishikawa M, Simpson M, Trostel SY, Corey E, Sowalsky AG, Kelly K. Reproducible preclinical models of androgen receptor driven human prostate cancer bone metastasis. Prostate 2024; 84:1033-1046. [PMID: 38708958 PMCID: PMC11216894 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models recapitulating the metastatic phenotypes are essential for developing the next-generation therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). We aimed to establish a cohort of clinically relevant mPC models, particularly androgen receptor positive (AR+) bone metastasis models, from LuCaP patient-derived xenografts (PDX) that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of mPC. METHODS PDX tumors were dissociated into single cells, modified to express luciferase, and were inoculated into NSG mice via intracardiac injection. The progression of metastases was monitored by bioluminescent imaging. Histological phenotypes of metastases were characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Castration responses were further investigated in two AR-positive models. RESULTS Our PDX-derived metastasis (PDM) model collection comprises three AR+ adenocarcinomas (ARPC) and one AR- neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEPC). All ARPC models developed bone metastases with either an osteoblastic, osteolytic, or mixed phenotype, while the NEPC model mainly developed brain metastasis. Different mechanisms of castration resistance were observed in two AR+ PDM models with distinct genotypes, such as combined loss of TP53 and RB1 in one model and expression of AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7) expression in another model. Intriguingly, the castration-resistant tumors displayed inter- and intra-tumor as well as organ-specific heterogeneity in lineage specification. CONCLUSION Genetically diverse PDM models provide a clinically relevant system for biomarker identification and personalized medicine in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuanJuan Yin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Asha Daryanani
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anson T. Ku
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R. Bright
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aian Neil S. Alilin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Bowman
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chennan Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tri M. Truong
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph D. Twohig
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elahe A. Mostaghel
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shana Y. Trostel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam G. Sowalsky
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Yuan X, Ma Y, Gao R, Cui S, Wang Y, Fa B, Ma S, Wei T, Ma S, Yu Z. HEARTSVG: a fast and accurate method for identifying spatially variable genes in large-scale spatial transcriptomics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5700. [PMID: 38972896 PMCID: PMC11228050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of diseases and tissue structures, posing a distinctive challenge in spatial transcriptomics research. We propose HEARTSVG, a distribution-free, test-based method for fast and accurately identifying spatially variable genes in large-scale spatial transcriptomic data. Extensive simulations demonstrate that HEARTSVG outperforms state-of-the-art methods with higherF 1 scores (averageF 1 Score=0.948), improved computational efficiency, scalability, and reduced false positives (FPs). Through analysis of twelve real datasets from various spatial transcriptomic technologies, HEARTSVG identifies a greater number of biologically significant SVGs (average AUC = 0.792) than other comparative methods without prespecifying spatial patterns. Furthermore, by clustering SVGs, we uncover two distinct tumor spatial domains characterized by unique spatial expression patterns, spatial-temporal locations, and biological functions in human colorectal cancer data, unraveling the complexity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanran Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruitian Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuya Cui
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Botao Fa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shiyang Ma
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
| | - Zhangsheng Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Translational Science Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zou J, Chen Q, He Y, Pan Y, Zhao H, Shi J, Wei Z, Yu S, Zhao Y, Han X, Lu Y, Chen W. Systematic optimization and evaluation of culture conditions for the construction of circulating tumor cell clusters using breast cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:507. [PMID: 38654231 PMCID: PMC11036701 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters play a critical role in carcinoma metastasis. However, the rarity of CTC clusters and the limitations of capture techniques have retarded the research progress. In vitro CTC clusters model can help to further understand the biological properties of CTC clusters and their clinical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish reliable in vitro methodological models to form CTC clusters whose biological characteristics are very similar to clinical CTC clusters. METHODS The assays of immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, EdU incorporation, cell adhension and microfluidic chips were used. The experimental metastasis model in mice was used. RESULTS We systematically optimized the culture methods to form in vitro CTC clusters model, and more importantly, evaluated it with reference to the biological capabilities of reported clinical CTC clusters. In vitro CTC clusters exhibited a high degree of similarity to the reported pathological characteristics of CTC clusters isolated from patients at different stages of tumor metastasis, including the appearance morphology, size, adhesive and tight junctions-associated proteins, and other indicators of CTC clusters. Furthermore, in vivo experiments also demonstrated that the CTC clusters had an enhanced ability to grow and metastasize compared to single CTC. CONCLUSIONS The study provides a reliable model to help to obtain comparatively stable and qualified CTC clusters in vitro, propelling the studies on tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueyao Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Fontana R, Mestre-Farrera A, Yang J. Update on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Progression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:133-156. [PMID: 37758242 PMCID: PMC10872224 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process by which epithelial cells lose their characteristics and acquire mesenchymal traits to promote cell movement. This program is aberrantly activated in human cancers and endows tumor cells with increased abilities in tumor initiation, cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. The EMT program in tumors is rarely binary and often leads to a series of gradual or intermediate epithelial-mesenchymal states. Functionally, epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) improves the fitness of cancer cells during tumor progression and in response to therapies. Here, we discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of the diverse roles of EMP in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance and address major clinical challenges due to EMP-driven phenotypic heterogeneity in cancer. Uncovering novel molecular markers and key regulators of EMP in cancer will aid the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent cancer recurrence and overcome therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Aida Mestre-Farrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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5
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Bhatia S, Gunter JH, Burgess JT, Adams MN, O'Byrne K, Thompson EW, Duijf PH. Stochastic epithelial-mesenchymal transitions diversify non-cancerous lung cell behaviours. Transl Oncol 2023; 37:101760. [PMID: 37611490 PMCID: PMC10466920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a hallmark of cancer. By enabling cells to shift between different morphological and functional states, EMP promotes invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. We report that near-diploid non-cancerous human epithelial lung cells spontaneously shift along the EMP spectrum without genetic changes. Strikingly, more than half of single cell-derived clones adopt a mesenchymal morphology. We independently characterise epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like clones. Mesenchymal clones lose epithelial markers, display larger cell aspect ratios and lower motility, with mostly unaltered proliferation rates. Stemness marker expression and metabolic rewiring diverge independently of phenotypes. In 3D culture, more epithelial clones become mesenchymal-like. Thus, non-cancerous epithelial cells may acquire cancer metastasis-associated features prior to genetic alterations and cancerous transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Joshua T Burgess
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark N Adams
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal Hg Duijf
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide SA, 5001, Australia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Rago V, Perri A, Di Agostino S. New Therapeutic Perspectives in Prostate Cancer: Patient-Derived Organoids and Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Precision Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2743. [PMID: 37893116 PMCID: PMC10604340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals in the advancement of basic cancer research focuses on the development of new anticancer therapies. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer progression, acquired drug resistance, and the metastatic process, the use of preclinical in vitro models that faithfully summarize the properties of the tumor in patients is still a necessity. The tumor is represented by a diverse group of cell clones, and in recent years, to reproduce in vitro preclinical tumor models, monolayer cell cultures have been supplanted by patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cultured organoids derived from the patient (PDO). These models have proved indispensable for the study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with tumor cells. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common neoplasia in men in the world. It is characterized by genomic instability and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, PCa remains a leading cause of cancer death. Here, we review the studies of the last 10 years as the number of papers is growing very fast in the field. We also discuss the discovered limitations and the new challenges in using the organoid culture system and in using PDXs in studying the prostate cancer phenotype, performing drug testing, and developing anticancer molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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7
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Karihtala P, Kilpivaara O, Porvari K. Mutational signatures and their association with survival and gene expression in urological carcinomas. Neoplasia 2023; 44:100933. [PMID: 37678146 PMCID: PMC10495641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Different sources of mutagenesis cause consistently identifiable patterns of mutations and mutational signatures that mirror the various carcinogenetic processes. We used publicly available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate the associations between the activity of the mutational signatures and various survival endpoints in six types of urological cancers after adjusting for established prognostic factors. The predictive power of the signatures was evaluated with dynamic area under curve models. In addition, links between mutational signature activities and differences in gene expression patterns were analysed. APOBEC-related signature SBS2 was associated with improved overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in bladder carcinomas in the multivariate analysis, while clock-like signature SBS1 predicted shortened DSS and progression-free interval (PFI) in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). In papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC), SBS45 was a predictor of improved outcomes, and APOBEC-related SBS13 was a predictor of worse outcomes. Gene expression analyses revealed various enriched pathways between the low- and high-signature groups. Interestingly, in both the ccRCC and pRCC cohorts, the genes of several members of the melanoma antigen (MAGE) family were highly upregulated in the signatures, which predicted poor outcomes, and downregulated in signatures, which were associated with improved survival. To summarize, SBS signatures provide substantial prognostic value compared with just the traditional prognostic factors in certain cancer types. APOBEC-related SBS2 and SBS13 seem to provide robust prognostic information for particular urological cancers, maybe driven by the expression of specific groups of genes, including the MAGE gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland.
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUSLAB Laboratory of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Katja Porvari
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90220, Finland
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8
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Lawrence MG, Taylor RA, Cuffe GB, Ang LS, Clark AK, Goode DL, Porter LH, Le Magnen C, Navone NM, Schalken JA, Wang Y, van Weerden WM, Corey E, Isaacs JT, Nelson PS, Risbridger GP. The future of patient-derived xenografts in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:371-384. [PMID: 36650259 PMCID: PMC10789487 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are generated by engrafting human tumours into mice. Serially transplantable PDXs are used to study tumour biology and test therapeutics, linking the laboratory to the clinic. Although few prostate cancer PDXs are available in large repositories, over 330 prostate cancer PDXs have been established, spanning broad clinical stages, genotypes and phenotypes. Nevertheless, more PDXs are needed to reflect patient diversity, and to study new treatments and emerging mechanisms of resistance. We can maximize the use of PDXs by exchanging models and datasets, and by depositing PDXs into biorepositories, but we must address the impediments to accessing PDXs, such as institutional, ethical and legal agreements. Through collaboration, researchers will gain greater access to PDXs representing diverse features of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia B Cuffe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa S Ang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clémentine Le Magnen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Mohamed BM, Ward MP, Bates M, Spillane CD, Kelly T, Martin C, Gallagher M, Heffernan S, Norris L, Kennedy J, Saadeh FA, Gleeson N, Brooks DA, Brooks RD, Selemidis S, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Ex vivo expansion of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3704. [PMID: 36879003 PMCID: PMC9988863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a critical intermediate step in the process of cancer metastasis. The reliability of CTC isolation/purification has limited both the potential to report on metastatic progression and the development of CTCs as targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we report a new methodology, which optimises the culture conditions for CTCs using primary cancer cells as a model system. We exploited the known biology that CTCs thrive in hypoxic conditions, with their survival and proliferation being reliant on the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). We isolated epithelial-like and quasi-mesenchymal CTC phenotypes from the blood of a cancer patient and successfully cultured these cells for more than 8 weeks. The presence of CTC clusters was required to establish and maintain long-term cultures. This novel methodology for the long-term culture of CTCs will aid in the development of downstream applications, including CTC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir M Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cathy D Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tanya Kelly
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lucy Norris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Kennedy
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
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10
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Couto-Cunha A, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Circulating Tumor Cells as Biomarkers for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Ready for Prime Time? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010287. [PMID: 36612281 PMCID: PMC9818240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the 15 most common cancers worldwide, with rising incidence. In most cases, this is a silent disease until it reaches advance stages, demanding new effective biomarkers in all domains, from detection to post-therapy monitoring. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have the potential to provide minimally invasive information to guide assessment of the disease's aggressiveness and therapeutic strategy, representing a special pool of neoplastic cells which bear metastatic potential. In some tumor models, CTCs' enumeration has been associated with prognosis, but there is a largely unexplored potential for clinical applicability encompassing screening, diagnosis, early detection of metastases, prognosis, response to therapy and monitoring. Nonetheless, lack of standardization and high cost hinder the translation into clinical practice. Thus, new methods for collection and analysis (genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolomic) are needed to ascertain the role of CTC as a RCC biomarker. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the most recently published data on the role and clinical potential of CTCs in RCC, addressing their biology and the molecular characterization of this remarkable set of tumor cells. Furthermore, we highlight the existing and emerging techniques for CTC enrichment and detection, exploring clinical applications in RCC. Notwithstanding the notable progress in recent years, the use of CTCs in a routine clinical scenario of RCC patients requires further research and technological development, enabling multimodal analysis to take advantage of the wealth of information they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Couto-Cunha
- Integrated Master in Medicine, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (P.CCC Raquel Seruca), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (P.CCC Raquel Seruca), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or
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11
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Lu L, Hu W, Liu B, Yang T. Insights into Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters: A Barometer for Treatment Effects and Prognosis for Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163985. [PMID: 36010983 PMCID: PMC9406494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising biomarker for the risk of prostate cancer aggressiveness and metastasis and play a role in the processes of tumor migration and metastasis. CTC clusters, which have different physical and biological properties from individual CTCs, are collections of tumor cells and non-malignant cells, resulting in greater metastatic potential. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of CTC clusters in metastasis as well as related biological properties and to suggest possibilities for their usage in diagnostic and therapeutic practice. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits high cellular heterogeneity across patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more real-time and accurate detection methods, in both prognosis and treatment in clinical settings. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters, a population of tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the blood of patients with tumors, are a promising non-invasive tool for screening PCa progression and identifying potential benefit groups. CTC clusters are associated with tumor metastasis and possess stem-like characteristics, which are likely attributable to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, these biological properties of CTC clusters, particularly androgen receptor V7, have indicated the potential to reflect curative effects, guide treatment modalities, and predict prognosis in PCa patients. Here, we discuss the role of CTC clusters in the mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis and clinical applications, with the aim of informing more appropriate clinical decisions, and ultimately, improving the overall survival of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyao Lu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Bingli Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (T.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-2050-9000 (B.L.); +86-21-6803-6506 (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (T.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-2050-9000 (B.L.); +86-21-6803-6506 (T.Y.)
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12
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Identification of epithelial and mesenchymal circulating tumor cells in clonal lineage of an aggressive prostate cancer case. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:41. [PMID: 35729213 PMCID: PMC9213535 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the complexity and plasticity of circulating tumor cell (CTC) biology in different compartments of the fluid microenvironment during tumor metastasis. Here we integrated phenomics, genomics, and targeted proteomics to characterize CTC phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in paired peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) from a metastatic prostate cancer patient following the rapid disease progression, using the High-Definition Single Cell Assay 3.0 (HDSCA3.0). Uniquely, we identified a subgroup of genetically clonal CTCs that acquired a mesenchymal-like state and its presence was significantly associated with one subclone that emerged along the clonal lineage. Higher CTC abundance and phenotypic diversity were observed in the BMA than PB and differences in genomic alterations were also identified between the two compartments demonstrating spatial heterogeneity. Single cell copy number profiling further detected clonal heterogeneity within clusters of CTCs (also known as microemboli or aggregates) as well as phenotypic variations by targeted proteomics. Overall, these results identify epithelial and mesenchymal CTCs in the clonal lineage of an aggressive prostate cancer case and also demonstrate a single cell multi-omic approach to deconvolute the heterogeneity and association of CTC phenotype and genotype in multi-medium liquid biopsies of metastatic prostate cancer.
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13
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Xiao J, McGill JR, Nasir A, Lekan A, Johnson B, Wilkins DJ, Pearson GW, Tanner K, Goodarzi H, Glasgow E, Schlegel R, Agarwal S. Identifying drivers of breast cancer metastasis in progressively invasive subpopulations of zebrafish-xenografted MDA-MB-231. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:16. [PMID: 35614362 PMCID: PMC9133282 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of the high mortality rate among human cancers. Efforts to identify therapeutic agents targeting cancer metastasis frequently fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials despite strong preclinical evidence. Until recently, most preclinical studies used mouse models to evaluate anti-metastatic agents. Mouse models are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, an important drawback is that mouse models inadequately model the early stages of metastasis which plausibly leads to the poor correlation with clinical outcomes. Here, we report an in vivo model based on xenografted zebrafish embryos where we select for progressively invasive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A subpopulation analogous to circulating tumor cells found in human cancers was selected by injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into the yolk sacs of 2 days post-fertilized zebrafish embryos and selecting cells that migrated to the tail. The selected subpopulation derived from MDA-MB-231 cells were increasingly invasive in zebrafish. Isolation of these subpopulations and propagation in vitro revealed morphological changes consistent with activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Differential gene analysis and knockdown of genes identified gene-candidates (DDIT4, MT1X, CTSD, and SERPINE1) as potential targets for anti-metastasis therapeutics. Furthermore, RNA-splicing analysis reinforced the importance of BIRC5 splice variants in breast cancer metastasis. This is the first report using zebrafish to isolate and expand progressively invasive populations of human cancer cells. The model has potential applications in understanding the metastatic process, identification and/or development of therapeutics that specifically target metastatic cells and formulating personalized treatment strategies for individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph R McGill
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devan J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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14
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Hassan S, Blick T, Wood J, Thompson EW, Williams ED. Circulating Tumour Cells Indicate the Presence of Residual Disease Post-Castration in Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:858013. [PMID: 35493092 PMCID: PMC9043137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.858013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer. Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) has been associated with disease progression to CRPC, and prostate cancer therapies targeting the androgen signalling axis, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), promote EMP. We explored effects of castration on EMP in the tumours and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) of patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-bearing castrated mice using human-specific RT-qPCR assays and immunocytochemistry. Expression of prostate epithelial cell marker KLK3 was below detection in most tumours from castrated mice (62%, 23/37 mice), consistent with its known up-regulation by androgens. Endpoint tumour size after castration varied significantly in a PDX model-specific pattern; while most tumours were castration-sensitive (BM18, LuCaP70), the majority of LuCaP105 tumours continued to grow following castration. By contrast, LuCaP96 PDX showed a mixed response to castration. CTCs were detected in 33% of LuCaP105, 43% of BM18, 47% of LuCaP70, and 54% of LuCaP96 castrated mice using RPL32 mRNA measurement in plasma. When present, CTC numbers estimated using human RPL32 expression ranged from 1 to 458 CTCs per ml blood, similar to our previous observations in non-castrated mice. In contrast to their non-castrated counterparts, there was no relationship between tumour size and CTC burden in castrated mice. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the gene expression profiles of CTCs collected from castrated and non-castrated mice revealed distinct CTC sub-groups within the pooled population that were classified as having mesenchymal, epithelial, or EMP hybrid gene expression profiles. The epithelial signature was only found in CTCs from non-castrated mice. Hybrid and mesenchymal signatures were detected in CTCs from both castrated and non-castrated mice, with an emphasis towards mesenchymal phenotypes in castrated mice. Post-castration serum PSA levels were either below detection or very low for all the CTC positive samples highlighting the potential usefulness of CTCs for disease monitoring after androgen ablation therapy. In summary, our study of castration effects on prostate cancer PDX CTCs showed that CTCs were often detected in the castrate setting, even in mice with no palpable tumours, and demonstrated the superior ability of CTCs to reveal residual disease over the conventional clinical biomarker serum PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassan
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jack Wood
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth D. Williams,
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15
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Comments on "Detection of circulating tumour cells before and following adjuvant chemotherapy and long-term prognosis of early breast cancer". Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1659-1660. [PMID: 35414689 PMCID: PMC9130133 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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16
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Feng D, Shi X, Xiong Q, Zhang F, Li D, Yang L. A Gene Prognostic Index Associated With Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Predicting Biochemical Recurrence and Tumor Chemoresistance for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805571. [PMID: 35096608 PMCID: PMC8790245 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to establish a novel epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene prognostic index (EMTGPI) associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and drug resistance for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods We used Lasso and Cox regression analysis to establish the EMTGPI. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Results We established the EMTGPI based on SFRP4 and SPP1. Patients in high-risk group had 2.23 times of BCR risk than those in low-risk group (p = 0.003), as well as 2.36 times of metastasis risk (p = 0.053). In external validation, we detected similar diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value in terms of BCR free survival. For drug resistance, we observe moderately diagnostic accuracy of EMTGPI score (AUC: 0.804). We found that PDCD1LG2 (p = 0.04) and CD96 (p = 0.01) expressed higher in BCR patients compared with their counterpart. For TME analysis, we detected that CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages expressed higher in BCR group. Moreover, stromal score (p = 0.003), immune score (p = 0.01), and estimate score (p = 0.003) were higher in BCR patients. We found that EMTGPI was significantly related to HAVCR2 (r: 0.34), CD96 (r: 0.26), CD47 (r: 0.22), KIR3DL1 (r: −0.21), KLRD1 (r: −0.21), and CD2 (r: 0.21). In addition, we observed that EMTGPI was significantly associated with M1 macrophages (r: 0.6), M2 macrophages (r: −0.33), monocytes (r: −0.18), neutrophils (r: −0.43), CD8+ T cells (r: 0.13), and dendritic cells (r: 0.37). PHA-793887 was the common drug sensitive to SPP1 and SFRP4, and PC3 and DU145 were the common PCa-related cell lines of SPP1, SFRP4, and PHA-793887. Conclusions We concluded that the EMTGPI score based on SFRP4 and SPP1 could be used to predict BCR for PCa patients. We confirmed the impact of immune evasion on the BCR process of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Russo GI, Musso N, Romano A, Caruso G, Petralia S, Lanzanò L, Broggi G, Camarda M. The Role of Dielectrophoresis for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 35008359 PMCID: PMC8750463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is emerging as a potential diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PC) prognosis and diagnosis. Unfortunately, most circulating tumor cells (CTC) technologies, such as AdnaTest or Cellsearch®, critically rely on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) marker, limiting the possibility of detecting cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal-like cells (EMT-CTCs) that are present during PC progression. In this context, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an epCAM independent, label-free enrichment system that separates rare cells simply on the basis of their specific electrical properties. As compared to other technologies, DEP may represent a superior technique in terms of running costs, cell yield and specificity. However, because of its higher complexity, it still requires further technical as well as clinical development. DEP can be improved by the use of microfluid, nanostructured materials and fluoro-imaging to increase its potential applications. In the context of cancer, the usefulness of DEP lies in its capacity to detect CTCs in the bloodstream in their epithelial, mesenchymal, or epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype forms, which should be taken into account when choosing CTC enrichment and analysis methods for PC prognosis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- STLab s.r.l., Via Anapo 53, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Haematological Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Luca Lanzanò
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Pathology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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18
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Chauhan A, Kaur R, Ghoshal S, Chatterjee D, Pal A. Potential prognostic and predictive role of baseline circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2021; 124:105636. [PMID: 34847451 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rajandeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sushmita Ghoshal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Debajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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19
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Bocci F, Zhou P, Nie Q. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Acquisition of Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Increase of Cell-Cell Signaling during EMT Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5726. [PMID: 34830900 PMCID: PMC8616061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate cell states (ICSs) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are emerging as a driving force of cancer invasion and metastasis. ICSs typically exhibit hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal characteristics as well as cancer stem cell (CSC) traits including proliferation and drug resistance. Here, we analyze several single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets to investigate the relation between several axes of cancer progression including EMT, CSC traits, and cell-cell signaling. To accomplish this task, we integrate computational methods for clustering and trajectory inference with analysis of EMT gene signatures, CSC markers, and cell-cell signaling pathways, and highlight conserved and specific processes across the datasets. Our analysis reveals that "standard" measures of pluripotency often used in developmental contexts do not necessarily correlate with EMT progression and expression of CSC-related markers. Conversely, an EMT circuit energy that quantifies the co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal genes consistently increases along EMT trajectories across different cancer types and anatomical locations. Moreover, despite the high context specificity of signal transduction across different cell types, cells undergoing EMT always increased their potential to send and receive signals from other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bocci
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (F.B.); (P.Z.)
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Peijie Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (F.B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (F.B.); (P.Z.)
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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20
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Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111879. [PMID: 34834295 PMCID: PMC8619417 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death. This review discusses the impact of NSCLC therapy strategies based on a meta-analysis of clinical studies. In addition, possible therapeutic strategies for repression when standard methods fail, such as the administration of low-toxicity natural anticancer agents targeting these phenomena (curcumin and flavonoids), are also discussed. These strategies are presented in the context of key mechanisms of tumour biology with a strong influence on CTC spread and metastasis (mechanisms related to tumour-associated and -infiltrating cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and migration of cancer cells).
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