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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Gu H, Yang Y, Zhang H, Miao C. Perioperative NETosis and Cancer Progression: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01573-y. [PMID: 39012468 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, an ongoing and exaggerated NETs formation may have adverse clinical consequences and even promote cancer progression. This review will discuss the complex relationship between NETosis and cancer progression. RECENT FINDINGS NETs exhibits cancer-promoting effects by causing cancer metastaisis and tumor-associated thrombosis. Many studies have found that many mechanisms are involved in the process, and the corresponding targets could be applied for cancer therapy. Although NETs may have anti-bacteria effects, it is necessary to inhibit an excessive NETs formation, mostly showing cancer-promoting effects. The contribution of NETs to cancer progression has gained a growing appreciation and the approaches to targeting NETs deposition exhibited beneficial effects both in primary and metastatic tumors, which, however, has been challenged by a recent finding demonstrating an opposite effect of NETs to suppress tumor growth via the activation of immune response against tumor. This seeming discrepancy reflects we are in the early stage of NETs study facing fundamental questions and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiyun Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
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Kong J, Deng Y, Xu Y, Zhang P, Li L, Huang Y. A Two-Pronged Delivery Strategy Disrupting Positive Feedback Loop of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Metastasis Suppression. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15432-15451. [PMID: 38842256 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) severely affect tumor metastasis through a self-perpetuating feedback loop involving two key steps: (1) mitochondrial aerobic respiration-induced hypoxia promotes NET formation and (2) NETs enhance mitochondrial metabolism to exacerbate hypoxia. Herein, we propose a two-pronged approach with the activity of NET-degrading and mitochondrion-damaging by simultaneously targeting drugs to NETs and tumor mitochondria of this loop. In addition to specifically recognizing and eliminating extant NETs, the NET-targeting nanoparticle also reduces NET-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, thus inhibiting the initial step of the feedback loop and mitigating extant NETs' impact on tumor metastasis. Simultaneously, the mitochondrion-targeting system intercepts mitochondrial metabolism and alleviates tumor hypoxia, inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and subsequent NET formation, which reduces the source of NETs and disrupts another step of the self-amplifying feedback loop. Together, the combination significantly reduces the formation of NET-tumor cell clusters by disrupting the interaction between NETs and tumor mitochondria, thereby impeding the metastatic cascade including tumor invasion, hematogenous spread, and distant colonization. This work represents an innovative attempt to disrupt the feedback loop in tumor metastasis, offering a promising therapeutic approach restraining NET-assisted metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Kong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yudi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jin X, Han H, Liang Q. Effects of surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss on tumour progression. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1412367. [PMID: 38912060 PMCID: PMC11190163 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1412367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the primary treatment of choice for tumours, and improves prognosis, prolongs survival and is potentially curative. Previous studies have described the effects of anaesthesia and changes in the neuroendocrine, circulatory and sympathetic nervous systems on postoperative cancer progression. There is growing evidence that intraoperative blood loss is an independent prognostic factor for tumour recurrence, postoperative inflammation is a predictor of cancer prognosis, and immunosuppressive status correlates with the degree of surgical damage. This paper outlines the potential mechanisms by which blood loss, surgical trauma and postoperative immunosuppressive status contribute to tumour growth and recurrence by reducing intraoperative haemorrhage and perioperative immunotherapy, thereby reducing tumour growth and recurrence, and improving long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qilian Liang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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James P, Kaushal D, Beaumont Wilson R. NETosis in Surgery: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Ann Surg 2024; 279:765-780. [PMID: 38214150 PMCID: PMC10997183 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide surgeons with an understanding of the latest research on NETosis, including the pathophysiology and treatment of conditions involving neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the care of surgical patients. BACKGROUND A novel function of neutrophils, the formation of NETs, was described in 2004. Neutrophils form mesh-like structures of extruded decondensed chromatin, comprising DNA and histones decorated with bactericidal proteins. These NETs exert antimicrobial action by trapping microorganisms and preventing their wider dissemination through the body. RESULTS A narrative review of the existing literature describing NETosis was conducted, including NET pathophysiology, conditions related to NET formation, and treatments relevant to surgeons. CONCLUSIONS In addition to its canonical antimicrobial function, NETosis can exacerbate inflammation, resulting in tissue damage and contributing to numerous diseases. NETs promote gallstone formation and acute pancreatitis, impair wound healing in the early postoperative period and in chronic wounds, and facilitate intravascular coagulation, cancer growth, and metastasis. Agents that target NET formation or removal have shown promising efficacy in treating these conditions, although large clinical trials are required to confirm these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa James
- Department of General Surgery, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Department of General Surgery, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wang Y, Du C, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Composition and Function of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Biomolecules 2024; 14:416. [PMID: 38672433 PMCID: PMC11048602 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate fibrous structures released by neutrophils in response to specific stimuli. These structures are composed of depolymerized chromatin adorned with histones, granule proteins, and cytosolic proteins. NETs are formed via two distinct pathways known as suicidal NETosis, which involves NADPH oxidase (NOX), and vital NETosis, which is independent of NOX. Certain proteins found within NETs exhibit strong cytotoxic effects against both pathogens and nearby host cells. While NETs play a defensive role against pathogens, they can also contribute to tissue damage and worsen inflammation. Despite extensive research on the pathophysiological role of NETs, less attention has been paid to their components, which form a unique structure containing various proteins that have significant implications in a wide range of diseases. This review aims to elucidate the components of NETs and provide an overview of their impact on host defense against invasive pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chunjing Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
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Wang P, Jie Y, Yao L, Sun YM, Jiang DP, Zhang SQ, Wang XY, Fan Y. Cells in the liver microenvironment regulate the process of liver metastasis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3969. [PMID: 38459746 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The research of liver metastasis is a developing field. The ability of tumor cells to invade the liver depends on the complicated interactions between metastatic cells and local subpopulations in the liver (including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and immune-related cells). These interactions are mainly mediated by intercellular adhesion and the release of cytokines. Cell populations in the liver microenvironment can play a dual role in the progression of liver metastasis through different mechanisms. At the same time, we can see the participation of liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells in the process of liver metastasis of different tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize the relationship between cellular components of liver microenvironment and metastasis and emphasize the importance of different cells in the occurrence or potential regression of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Jie
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Meng Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Peng Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Lin Y, Tang H, Teng H, Feng W, Li F, Liu S, Liu Y, Wei Q. Development and validation of neutrophil extracellular traps-derived signature to predict the prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111364. [PMID: 38101221 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to be crucial in tumorigenesis and malignant progression. However, their prognostic significance, association with tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and therapeutic response in osteosarcoma (OS) stills remain unclear. Hence, TARGET and GSE21257 cohorts were included for analysis. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to extract NETs-derived genes. Subsequently, the NETs score (NETScore) model, consisting of 4 signature genes, was established and validated with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analysis. Our results indicated that NETScore has satisfactory predictability of the patient's overall survival, with AUC values at 1-, 3- and 5-year in the training cohort of 0.798, 0.792 and 0.804, respectively; similar prominent prediction performance was obtained in three validation cohorts. Further, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was conducted to determine the expression of signature genes in human osteoblasts and OS cells. Besides, NETScore and clinical factors (age, gender, metastatic status) were integrated to construct a nomogram. C-index and AUC values at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were above 0.800, displaying robust predictive performance. Patients with high and low NETScore had different immune statuses and drug sensitivity. Meanwhile, several positive regulatory immune function pathways, including T cell proliferation, activation and migration, were significantly suppressed among patients with high NETScore. Summarily, we established a novel NETScore that can accurately predict OS patients' prognosis, which correlated closely with the immune landscape and therapeutic response and might help to guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Lin
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongcai Teng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyu Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feicui Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangyu Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Martins-Cardoso K, Maçao A, Souza JL, Silva AG, König S, Martins-Gonçalves R, Hottz ED, Rondon AMR, Versteeg HH, Bozza PT, Almeida VH, Monteiro RQ. TF/PAR2 Signaling Axis Supports the Protumor Effect of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 38201433 PMCID: PMC10778307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in several hallmarks of cancer. Among the protumor effects, NETs promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in different cancer models. EMT has been linked to an enhanced expression of the clotting-initiating protein, tissue factor (TF), thus favoring the metastatic potential. TF may also exert protumor effects by facilitating the activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Herein, we evaluated whether NETs could induce TF expression in breast cancer cells and further promote procoagulant and intracellular signaling effects via the TF/PAR2 axis. T-47D and MCF7 cell lines were treated with isolated NETs, and samples were obtained for real-time PCR, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and plasma coagulation assays. In silico analyses were performed employing RNA-seq data from breast cancer patients deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A positive correlation was observed between neutrophil/NETs gene signatures and TF gene expression. Neutrophils/NETs gene signatures and PAR2 gene expression also showed a significant positive correlation in the bioinformatics model. In vitro analysis showed that treatment with NETs upregulated TF gene and protein expression in breast cancer cell lines. The inhibition of ERK/JNK reduced the TF gene expression induced by NETs. Remarkably, the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the TF/PAR2 signaling axis attenuated the NETs-induced expression of several protumor genes. Also, treatment of NETs with a neutrophil elastase inhibitor reduced the expression of metastasis-related genes. Our results suggest that the TF/PAR2 signaling axis contributes to the pro-cancer effects of NETs in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Martins-Cardoso
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (A.M.); (J.L.S.); (A.G.S.); (V.H.A.)
| | - Aquiles Maçao
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (A.M.); (J.L.S.); (A.G.S.); (V.H.A.)
| | - Juliana L. Souza
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (A.M.); (J.L.S.); (A.G.S.); (V.H.A.)
| | - Alexander G. Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (A.M.); (J.L.S.); (A.G.S.); (V.H.A.)
| | - Sandra König
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Remy Martins-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.M.-G.); (P.T.B.)
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil;
| | - Araci M. R. Rondon
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, 333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.R.R.); (H.H.V.)
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, 333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.R.R.); (H.H.V.)
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.M.-G.); (P.T.B.)
| | - Vitor H. Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (A.M.); (J.L.S.); (A.G.S.); (V.H.A.)
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (A.M.); (J.L.S.); (A.G.S.); (V.H.A.)
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Gajendran D, Veeraraghavan VP, Surapaneni KM, Prashar L, Mony U. Neutrophil extracellular trap interfering therapy: a potential therapeutic option for cancers? Int J Surg 2023; 109:2880-2881. [PMID: 37300897 PMCID: PMC10498840 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhivyadharshini Gajendran
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medical Education, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills and Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute
- SMAART Population Health Informatics Intervention Center, Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lavina Prashar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Unza Ridgeway Campus, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University
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Gong Q, Chen X, Liu F, Cao Y. Machine learning-based integration develops a neutrophil-derived signature for improving outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216585. [PMID: 37575244 PMCID: PMC10419218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironments is a major factor in poor prognosis among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Neutrophils have been identified as playing a critical role in the immune microenvironment of HCC based on recent single-cell studies. However, there is still a need to stratify HCC patients based on neutrophil heterogeneity. Therefore, developing an approach that efficiently describes "neutrophil characteristics" in HCC patients is crucial to guide clinical decision-making. Methods We stratified two cohorts of HCC patients into molecular subtypes associated with neutrophils using bulk-sequencing and single-cell sequencing data. Additionally, we constructed a new risk model by integrating machine learning analysis from 101 prediction models. We compared the biological and molecular features among patient subgroups to assess the model's effectiveness. Furthermore, an essential gene identified in this study was validated through molecular biology experiments. Results We stratified patients with HCC into subtypes that exhibited significant differences in prognosis, clinical pathological characteristics, inflammation-related pathways, levels of immune infiltration, and expression levels of immune genes. Furthermore, A risk model called the "neutrophil-derived signature" (NDS) was constructed using machine learning, consisting of 10 essential genes. The NDS's RiskScore demonstrated superior accuracy to clinical variables and correlated with higher malignancy degrees. RiskScore was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and showed predictive value for HCC patient prognosis. Additionally, we observed associations between RiskScore and the efficacy of immune therapy and chemotherapy drugs. Discussion Our study highlights the critical role of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of HCC. The developed NDS is a powerful tool for assessing the risk and clinical treatment of HCC. Furthermore, we identified and analyzed the feasibility of the critical gene RTN3 in NDS as a molecular marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology 2, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous & Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous & Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fahui Liu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhua Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology 2, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous & Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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Wu Z, Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:731-756. [PMID: 37275444 PMCID: PMC10237026 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Okamoto M, Mizuno R, Kawada K, Itatani Y, Kiyasu Y, Hanada K, Hirata W, Nishikawa Y, Masui H, Sugimoto N, Tamura T, Inamoto S, Sakai Y, Obama K. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Metastases of Colorectal Cancers through Activation of ERK Signaling by Releasing Neutrophil Elastase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021118. [PMID: 36674635 PMCID: PMC9867023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in host immunity, as there is increasing evidence of their contribution to the progression of several types of cancers even though their role in colorectal cancers (CRCs) remains unclear. To investigate the clinical relevance of NETs in CRCs, we examined the expression of citrullinated histone H3 using immunohistochemistry and preoperative serum myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes in CRC patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High expression of intratumoral or systemic NETs was found to correlate with poor relapse-free survival (RFS), for which it is an independent prognostic factor. In vitro investigations of CRC cells (HCT116, HT29) revealed that NETs did not affect their proliferation but did promote the migration of CRC cells mediated by neutrophil elastase (NE) released during NETosis to increase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. In vivo experiments using nude mice (KSN/slc) revealed that NE inhibition suppressed liver metastases in CRC cells, although it did not affect the growth of subcutaneously implanted tumors. Taken together, these results suggest that NET formation correlates with poor prognoses of patients with CRC and that the inhibition of NE could be a potential therapy for CRC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto 611-0041, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-751-3445
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama 710-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Keita Hanada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wataru Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Masui
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Sugimoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Inamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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13
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Ouyang K, Zheng DX, Agak GW. T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246058. [PMID: 36551547 PMCID: PMC9775569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and frequently lethal skin cancer with neuroendocrine characteristics. MCC can originate from either the presence of MCC polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA or chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure that can cause DNA mutations. MCC is predominant in sun-exposed regions of the body and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone, and brain. Older, light-skinned individuals with a history of significant sun exposure are at the highest risk. Previous studies have shown that tumors containing a high number of tumor-infiltrating T-cells have favorable survival, even in the absence of MCPyV DNA, suggesting that MCPyV infection enhances T-cell infiltration. However, other factors may also play a role in the host antitumor response. Herein, we review the impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly the CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T-cell (Tregs) responses on the course of MCC, including their role in initiating MCPyV-specific immune responses. Furthermore, potential research avenues related to T-cell biology in MCC, as well as relevant immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Ouyang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - David X. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George W. Agak
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Yu I, Wu R, Tokumaru Y, Terracina KP, Takabe K. The Role of the Microbiome on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225685. [PMID: 36428777 PMCID: PMC9688177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has long been known to play a role in various aspects of health modulation, including the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). With immunotherapy recently emerging as a successful treatment in microsatellite instability high (MSI-high) CRC, and with a newly demonstrated involvement of the gut microbiome in the modulation of therapeutic responses, there has been an explosion of research into the mechanisms of microbial effects on CRC. Harnessing and reprogramming the microbiome may allow for the expansion of these successes to broader categories of CRC, the prevention of CRC in high-risk patients, and the enhancement of standard treatments. In this review, we pull together both well-documented phenomena and recent discoveries that pertain to the microbiome and CRC. We explore the microbial mechanisms associated with CRC pathogenesis and progression, recent advancements in CRC systemic therapy, potential options for diagnosis and prevention, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-845-5128
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15
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Chen Y, Hu H, Tan S, Dong Q, Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang H, He J. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer progression, metastasis and therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:99. [PMCID: PMC9667637 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by activated neutrophils typically consist of DNA-histone complexes and granule proteins. NETs were originally identified as a host defense system against foreign pathogens and are strongly associated with autoimmune diseases. However, a novel and predominant role of NETs in cancer is emerging. Increasing evidence has confirmed that many stimuli can facilitate NET formation in an NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent/NOX-independent manner. In cancer, NETs have been linked to cancer progression, metastasis, and cancer-associated thrombosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current available knowledge regarding NET formation and focused on the role of NETs in cancer biological behaviors. The potential target for cancer therapy will be further discussed.
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16
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Szabó O, Horgas V, Sipos F. Cell-Free DNA in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Non-Infectious Inflammations and Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112853. [PMID: 36359370 PMCID: PMC9687442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of the immune system is the protection of the host against infections, along with the preservation of the individual antigenic identity. The process of self-tolerance covers the discrimination between self and foreign antigens, including proteins, nucleic acids, and larger molecules. Consequently, a broken immunological self-tolerance results in the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Immunocompetent cells express pattern-recognition receptors on their cell membrane and cytoplasm. The majority of endogenous DNA is located intracellularly within nuclei and mitochondria. However, extracellular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can also be detected in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and malignancies, which has sparked interest in using cfDNA as a possible biomarker. In recent years, the widespread use of liquid biopsies and the increasing demand for screening, as well as monitoring disease activity and therapy response, have enabled the revival of cfDNA research. The majority of studies have mainly focused on the function of cfDNA as a biomarker. However, research regarding the immunological consequences of cfDNA, such as its potential immunomodulatory or therapeutic benefits, is still in its infancy. This article discusses the involvement of various DNA-sensing receptors (e.g., absent in melanoma-2; Toll-like receptor 9; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/activator of interferon genes) in identifying host cfDNA as a potent danger-associated molecular pattern. Furthermore, we aim to summarize the results of the experimental studies that we recently performed and highlight the immunomodulatory capacity of cfDNA, and thus, the potential for possible therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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17
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Cheng X, Zhang H, Hamad A, Huang H, Tsung A. Surgery-mediated tumor-promoting effects on the immune microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:408-419. [PMID: 35066156 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection continues to be the mainstay treatment for solid cancers even though chemotherapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient overall survival and progression-free survival. Numerous studies have shown that surgery induces the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and that the resultant inflammatory response promotes occult tumor growth and the metastatic process by forming a supportive tumor microenvironment (TME). Surgery-induced platelet activation is one of the initial responses to a wound and the formation of fibrin clots can provide the scaffold for recruited inflammatory cells. Activated platelets can also shield CTCs to protect them from blood shear forces and promote CTCs evasion of immune destruction. Similarly, neutrophils are recruited to the fibrin clot and enhance cancer metastatic dissemination and progression by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Activated macrophages are also recruited to surgical sites to facilitate the metastatic spread. More importantly, the body's response to surgical insult results in the recruitment and expansion of immunosuppressive cell populations (i.e. myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells) and in the suppression of natural killer (NK) cells that contribute to postoperative cancer recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of the pro-tumorigenic mechanisms resulting from surgery's impact on these cells in the TME. Further understanding of these events will allow for the development of perioperative therapeutic strategies to prevent surgery-associated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ahmad Hamad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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18
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Huang J, Hong W, Wan M, Zheng L. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e162. [PMID: 36000086 PMCID: PMC9390875 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that neutrophils can protect the host against pathogens in multiple ways, including the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web‐like structures composed of fibers, DNA, histones, and various neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can capture and kill pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The process of NET formation is called NETosis. According to whether they depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), NETosis can be divided into two categories: “suicidal” NETosis and “vital” NETosis. However, NET components, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cell‐free DNA, cause a proinflammatory response and potentially severe diseases. Compelling evidence indicates a link between NETs and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, small‐vessel vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, COVID‐19, and others. Therefore, targeting the process and products of NETosis is critical for treating diseases linked with NETosis. Researchers have discovered that several NET inhibitors, such as toll‐like receptor inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers, can prevent uncontrolled NET development. This review summarizes the mechanism of NETosis, the receptors associated with NETosis, the pathology of NETosis‐induced diseases, and NETosis‐targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
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19
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Han T, Tang H, Lin C, Shen Y, Yan D, Tang X, Guo D. Extracellular traps and the role in thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:951670. [PMID: 36093130 PMCID: PMC9452724 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.951670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic complications pose serious health risks worldwide. A significant change in our understanding of the pathophysiology of thrombosis has occurred since the discovery of extracellular traps (ETs) and their prothrombotic properties. As a result of immune cells decondensing chromatin into extracellular fibers, ETs promote thrombus formation by acting as a scaffold that activates platelets and coagulates them. The involvement of ETs in thrombosis has been reported in various thrombotic conditions including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary emboli, acute myocardial infarction, aucte ischemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. This review summarizes the existing evidence of ETs in human and animal model thrombi. The authors described studies showing the existence of ETs in venous or arterial thrombi. In addition, we studied potential novel therapeutic opportunities related to the resolution or prevention of thrombosis by targeting ETs.
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20
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Kim GT, Kim EY, Shin SH, Lee H, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW. Improving anticancer effect of aPD-L1 through lowering neutrophil infiltration by PLAG in tumor implanted with MB49 mouse urothelial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:727. [PMID: 35787261 PMCID: PMC9251917 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PD-L1 antibody is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) attracting attention. The third-generation anticancer drug has been proven to be very effective due to fewer side effects and higher tumor-specific reactions than conventional anticancer drugs. However, as tumors produce additional resistance in the host immune system, the effectiveness of ICI is gradually weakening. Therefore, it is very important to develop a combination therapy that increases the anticancer effect of ICI by removing anticancer resistance factors present around the tumor. METHODS The syngeneic model was used (n = 6) to investigate the enhanced anti-tumor effect of PD-L1 antibody with the addition of PLAG. MB49 murine urothelial cancer cells were implanted into the C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously. PLAG at different dosages (50/100 mpk) was daily administered orally for another 4 weeks with or without 5 mpk PD-L1 antibody (10F.9G2). PD-L1 antibody was delivered via IP injection once a week. RESULTS The aPD-L1 monotherapy group inhibited tumor growth of 56% compared to the positive group, while the PLAG and aPD-L1 co-treatment inhibited by 89%. PLAG treatment effectively reduced neutrophils infiltrating localized in tumor and converted to a tumor microenvironment with anti-tumor effective T-cells. PLAG increased tumor infiltration of CD8 positive cytotoxic T-cell populations while effectively inhibiting the infiltration of neoplastic T-cells such as CD4/FoxP3. Eventually, neutrophil-induced tumor ICI resistance was resolved by restoring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to the normal range. In addition, regulation of cytokine and chemokine factors that inhibit neutrophil infiltration and increase the killing activity of cytotoxic T cells was observed in the tumors of mice treated with PLAG + aPD-L1. CONCLUSIONS PLAG effectively turned the tumor-promoting microenvironment into a tumor-suppressing microenvironment. As a molecule that increases the anti-tumor effectiveness of aPD-L1, PLAG has the potential to be an essential and effective ICI co-therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea
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21
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Mafi AR, Ghanbari Motlagh A, Azadeh P. The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Recurrence: A Narrative Review. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:450-455. [PMID: 36404512 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) continues to be a worldwide healthcare problem. While our knowledge of the interaction of cancer and its management with COVID-19 mortality is gradually evolving, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on cancer and its prognosis. Several factors activated during COVID-19 have been implicated in tumorigenesis and the development of metastasis. Inflammation, hypoxia, reduced levels of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, elevated levels of Interleukin 6 and some other cytokines that are hallmarks of COVID-19 are capable of inducing tumor relapse and metastasis. On the other hand, there are reports that COVID-19 has been associated with cancer cure. Understanding the interaction between COVID-19 and tumor cells is essential for evaluating the potential long-term risks of COVID-19 in cancer patients, and for scheduling necessary preventive and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we briefly overview the potential impacts that COVID-19 might have on tumorigenesis and cancer relapse, as well as the role that COVID-19 might play in cancer remission and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Mafi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari Motlagh
- Radiation Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Azadeh
- Radiation Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kim GT, Shin SH, Kim EY, Lee H, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW. PLAG co-treatment increases the anticancer effect of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in a triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:110-116. [PMID: 35753218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy induces tumor cell death and inhibits tumor progression, but the accompanying immune responses in the surrounding dying tissue cause significant inflammation. These responses, such as excessive neutrophil infiltration into tumor tissue, are the main causes of resistance to anticancer treatment. The development of drugs that reduce neutrophil infiltration into tumors is necessary to increase the anticancer effect of chemotherapy. Here, we show that the antitumor effect of the chemotherapy AC regimen (Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide) was increased by 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) cotreatment in the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Tumor growth was inhibited up to 56% in mice treated with AC and inhibited up to 94% in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. Side effects of chemotherapy, such as a reduction in body weight, were alleviated in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. Excessive neutrophil infiltration caused by the AC regimen was successfully cleared in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. We conclude that PLAG inhibits excessive neutrophil infiltration that aids tumor growth. Reduced neutrophils and increased lymphocytes in PLAG-treated mice can maximize the antitumor effect of the AC regimen and inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea.
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23
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Entenberg D, Filippou PS, Karagiannis GS. Emerging Roles of Immune Cells in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112642. [PMID: 35681622 PMCID: PMC9179853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, and participate in interactions with tumor cells to promote the acquisition of critical hallmarks of cancer [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (P.S.F.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Panagiota S. Filippou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (P.S.F.); (G.S.K.)
| | - George S. Karagiannis
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (P.S.F.); (G.S.K.)
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24
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Cheng KH, Contreras GP, Yeh TY. Potential Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cardio-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073573. [PMID: 35408933 PMCID: PMC8998890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity has emerged as the leading cause of death in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Thus, cardio-oncology (CO) care must also focus on the prevention and management of related cardiovascular (CV) complications caused by cancer therapy. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—entities with released DNA, proteases, proinflammatory and prooxidative substances from blasted neutrophils—play an important role in cancer proliferation, propagation metastasis, and incident CV events (acute coronary syndrome, thromboembolic events, and heart failure). Although NETs have been shown to be involved in cancer progression and incident CV events, little is known about their relationship with cardio-oncology, especially on cancer treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTRCT). This review aims to explore the evidence of the impact of NETs on cancer, CV events, and CTRCT, and the possible solutions based on the mechanism of NETs activation and NETs released toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Gregory P. Contreras
- Auxergen Inc., Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Ting-Yu Yeh
- Auxergen Inc., Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Alekseeva L, Mironova N. Role of Cell-Free DNA and Deoxyribonucleases in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12246. [PMID: 34830126 PMCID: PMC8625144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. cfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes. Another source of cfDNA is immune cells, including neutrophils that generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite the potential eliminative effect of NETs on tumors, in some cases, their excessive generation provokes tumor growth as well as invasion. Considering both possible pathological contributions of cfDNA, as an agent of oncotransformation and the main component of NETs, the study of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as anticancer and antimetastatic agents is important and promising. This review considers the pathological role of cfDNA in cancer development and the role of DNases as agents to prevent and/or prohibit tumor progression and the development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wei X, Wang H, Gu K. The regulatory mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer biological behavior. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:193. [PMID: 34758877 PMCID: PMC8579641 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the predominant host defense against pathogens, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have attracted increasing attention due to their vital roles in infectious inflammation in the past few years. Interestingly, NETs also play important roles in noninfectious conditions, such as rheumatism and cancer. The process of NETs formation can be regulated and the form of cell death accompanied by the formation of NETs is regarded as "NETosis". A large amount of evidence has confirmed that many stimuli can facilitate the release of NETs from neutrophils. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that NETs promote tumor growth and progression via many molecular pathways. Meanwhile, NETs also can promote metastasis in many kinds of cancers based on multiple studies. In addition, some researchs have found that NETs can promote coagulation and cancer-associated thrombosis. In the present review, it will highlight how NETosis, which is stimulated by various stimuli and signaling pathways, affects cancer biological behaviors via NETs. Given their crucial roles in cancer, NETs will become possible therapeutic targets for inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and thrombosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianling Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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