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Dutt M, Hartel G, Richards RS, Shah AK, Mohamed A, Apostolidou S, Gentry‐Maharaj A, Hooper JD, Perrin LC, Menon U, Hill MM. Discovery and validation of serum glycoprotein biomarkers for high grade serous ovarian cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200114. [PMID: 37147936 PMCID: PMC7615076 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify serum glycoprotein biomarkers for early detection of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common and aggressive histotype of ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The glycoproteomics pipeline lectin magnetic bead array (LeMBA)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used in age-matched case-control serum samples. Clinical samples collected at diagnosis were divided into discovery (n = 30) and validation (n = 98) sets. We also analysed a set of preclinical sera (n = 30) collected prior to HGSOC diagnosis in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening. RESULTS A 7-lectin LeMBA-MS/MS discovery screen shortlisted 59 candidate proteins and three lectins. Validation analysis using 3-lectin LeMBA-multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) confirmed elevated A1AT, AACT, CO9, HPT and ITIH3 and reduced A2MG, ALS, IBP3 and PON1 glycoforms in HGSOC. The best performing multimarker signature had 87.7% area under the receiver operating curve, 90.7% specificity and 70.4% sensitivity for distinguishing HGSOC from benign and healthy groups. In the preclinical set, CO9, ITIH3 and A2MG glycoforms were altered in samples collected 11.1 ± 5.1 months prior to HGSOC diagnosis, suggesting potential for early detection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings provide evidence of candidate early HGSOC serum glycoprotein biomarkers, laying the foundation for further study in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mriga Dutt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | - Alok K. Shah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Sophia Apostolidou
- MRC Clinical Trials UnitInstitute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aleksandra Gentry‐Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials UnitInstitute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute – The University of QueenslandTranslational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQLDAustralia
| | - Lewis C. Perrin
- Mater Research Institute – The University of QueenslandTranslational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQLDAustralia
- Mater Adult HospitalSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials UnitInstitute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michelle M. Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- UQ Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Lab-on-a-chip systems for cancer biomarker diagnosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115266. [PMID: 36706542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system is one of the microfluidic technologies defined as the adaptation, miniaturization, integration, and automation of analytical laboratory procedures into a single instrument or "chip". In this article, we review developments over the past five years in the application of LOC biosensors for the detection of different types of cancer. Microfluidics encompasses chemistry and biotechnology skills and has revolutionized healthcare diagnosis. Superior to traditional cell culture or animal models, microfluidic technology has made it possible to reconstruct functional units of organs on chips to study human diseases such as cancer. LOCs have found numerous biomedical applications over the past five years, including integrated bioassays, cell analysis, metabolomics, drug discovery and delivery systems, tissue and organ physiology and disease modeling, and personalized medicine. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in microfluidic-based cancer research, with pros, cons, and prospects.
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Semi-Automated Lectin Magnetic Bead Array (LeMBA) for Translational Serum Glycoprotein Biomarker Discovery and Validation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:395-411. [PMID: 36781799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein glycosylation is a characteristic of diverse diseases which has been explored as biomarkers. To support translational serum glycoprotein biomarker discovery and validation, we developed a semi-automated workflow using individual lectin-coupled magnetic beads to conduct lectin pulldowns in a high-throughput format. Lectins are naturally occurring glycoprotein binding proteins widely used in glycobiology. While lectin-affinity isolation has been coupled to mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the lectin magnetic bead array (LeMBA) platform allows technically robust screening and measurement of clinical cohorts. This chapter describes detailed lectin-magnetic bead coupling, serum denaturation, lectin magnetic bead pulldown, and on-bead trypsin digest. The resulting tryptic peptides are analyzed by untargeted or targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), for biomarker discovery, or qualification/validation, respectively. LeMBA-MS generates quantitative data for glycoforms based on lectin affinity of the glycoprotein coupled with MS measurement of one or more prototypic peptides and has successfully been used to discover and validate novel serum cancer glycoprotein biomarkers. This chapter includes detailed protocols for two different liquid handlers, along with recommendations on quality control measures for clinical biomarker studies.
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Kolka CM, Webster J, Lepletier A, Winterford C, Brown I, Richards RS, Zelek WM, Cao Y, Khamis R, Shanmugasundaram KB, Wuethrich A, Trau M, Brosda S, Barbour A, Shah AK, Eslick GD, Clemons NJ, Morgan BP, Hill MM. C5b-9 Membrane Attack Complex Formation and Extracellular Vesicle Shedding in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842023. [PMID: 35345676 PMCID: PMC8957096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The early complement components have emerged as mediators of pro-oncogenic inflammation, classically inferred to cause terminal complement activation, but there are limited data on the activity of terminal complement in cancer. We previously reported elevated serum and tissue C9, the terminal complement component, in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) compared to the precursor condition Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) and healthy controls. Here, we investigate the level and cellular fates of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, also known as the membrane attack complex. Punctate C5b-9 staining and diffuse C9 staining was detected in BE and EAC by multiplex immunohistofluorescence without corresponding increase of C9 mRNA transcript. Increased C9 and C5b-9 staining were observed in the sequence normal squamous epithelium, BE, low- and high-grade dysplasia, EAC. C5b-9 positive esophageal cells were morphologically intact, indicative of sublytic or complement-evasion mechanisms. To investigate this at a cellular level, we exposed non-dysplastic BE (BAR-T and CP-A), high-grade dysplastic BE (CP-B and CP-D) and EAC (FLO-1 and OE-33) cell lines to the same sublytic dose of immunopurified human C9 (3 µg/ml) in the presence of C9-depleted human serum. Cellular C5b-9 was visualized by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Shed C5b-9 in the form of extracellular vesicles (EV) was measured in collected conditioned medium using recently described microfluidic immunoassay with capture by a mixture of three tetraspanin antibodies (CD9/CD63/CD81) and detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) after EV labelling with C5b-9 or C9 antibody conjugated SERS nanotags. Following C9 exposure, all examined cell lines formed C5b-9, internalized C5b-9, and shed C5b-9+ and C9+ EVs, albeit at varying levels despite receiving the same C9 dose. In conclusion, these results confirm increased esophageal C5b-9 formation during EAC development and demonstrate capability and heterogeneity in C5b-9 formation and shedding in BE and EAC cell lines following sublytic C9 exposure. Future work may explore the molecular mechanisms and pathogenic implications of the shed C5b-9+ EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn M Kolka
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Webster
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Brown
- Envoi Pathology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Renee S Richards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yilang Cao
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ramlah Khamis
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Karthik B Shanmugasundaram
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra Brosda
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Barbour
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alok K Shah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MaCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle M Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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