1
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Xiao X, Ding Z, Shi Y, Zhang Q. Causal Role of Immune Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. COPD 2024; 21:2327352. [PMID: 38573027 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2327352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of immune cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the understanding of the causal association between immunity and COPD remains incomplete due to the existence of confounding variables. In this study, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, utilizing the genome-wide association study database, to investigate the causal association between 731 immune-cell signatures and the susceptibility to COPD from a host genetics perspective. To validate the consistency of our findings, we utilized MR analysis results of lung function data to assess directional concordance. Furthermore, we employed MR-Egger intercept tests, Cochrane's Q test, MR-PRESSO global test, and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analyses to evaluate the presence of horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and stability, respectively. Inverse variance weighting results showed that seven immune phenotypes were associated with the risk of COPD. Analyses of heterogeneity and pleiotropy analysis confirmed the reliability of MR results. These results highlight the interactions between the immune system and the lungs. Further investigations into their mechanisms are necessary and will contribute to inform targeted prevention strategies for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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2
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Guruprasad P, Carturan A, Zhang Y, Cho JH, Kumashie KG, Patel RP, Kim KH, Lee JS, Lee Y, Kim JH, Chung J, Joshi A, Cohen I, Shestov M, Ghilardi G, Harris J, Pajarillo R, Angelos M, Lee YG, Liu S, Rodriguez J, Wang M, Ballard HJ, Gupta A, Ugwuanyi OH, Hong SJA, Bochi-Layec AC, Sauter CT, Chen L, Paruzzo L, Kammerman S, Shestova O, Liu D, Vella LA, Schuster SJ, Svoboda J, Porazzi P, Ruella M. The BTLA-HVEM axis restricts CAR T cell efficacy in cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1020-1032. [PMID: 38831106 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies is limited by immunosuppressive pressures in the tumor microenvironment. Here we show a predominant role for the interaction between BTLA on effector T cells and HVEM (TNFRSF14) on immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment cells, namely regulatory T cells. High BTLA expression in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells correlated with poor clinical response to treatment. Therefore, we deleted BTLA in CAR T cells and show improved tumor control and persistence in models of lymphoma and solid malignancies. Mechanistically, BTLA inhibits CAR T cells via recruitment of tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, upon trans engagement with HVEM. BTLA knockout thus promotes CAR signaling and subsequently enhances effector function. Overall, these data indicate that the BTLA-HVEM axis is a crucial immune checkpoint in CAR T cell immunotherapy and warrants the use of strategies to overcome this barrier.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/genetics
- Mice
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneeth Guruprasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ruchi P Patel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- R&D Center, AbClon Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Lee
- R&D Center, AbClon Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- R&D Center, AbClon Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Junho Chung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Akshita Joshi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Cohen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maksim Shestov
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guido Ghilardi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaryse Harris
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew Angelos
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Gu Lee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Rodriguez
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hatcher J Ballard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aasha Gupta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ositadimma H Ugwuanyi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seok Jae Albert Hong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Audrey C Bochi-Layec
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher T Sauter
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linhui Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shane Kammerman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga Shestova
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakub Svoboda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Wojciechowicz K, Kuncewicz K, Rutkowski J, Jassem J, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Wardowska A, Spodzieja M. Targeting BTLA with the peptide inhibitor HVEM(14-39) - A new way to restore the activity of T cells in melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116675. [PMID: 38733770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex of B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) plays a critical role in immune regulation and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential of the peptide inhibitor HVEM(14-39) to restore peripheral T cell activity in patients with advanced melanoma. In these patients, CD8+ T cells downregulated BTLA expression and increased HVEM expression upon activation. The addition of HVEM(14-39) reduced the percentage of BTLA+ CD8+ T cells and increased the subpopulation of HVEM+ CD8+ T cells. Additionally, HVEM(14-39) enhanced T cell activation, proliferation, and the shift toward effector memory T cell subpopulations. Finally, this peptide affected the proliferation rate and late apoptosis of melanoma cell line in co-culture with T cells. These findings suggest that HVEM(14-39) can overcome T cell exhaustion and improve antitumor responses. Peptide-based immunotherapy targeting the BTLA-HVEM complex offers a promising alternative to monoclonal antibody-based therapies, with the potential for fewer side effects and higher treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Rutkowski
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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4
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Guo J, Si G, Si F. Association of immune cells and the risk of esophageal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study in a East Asian population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38064. [PMID: 38701252 PMCID: PMC11062746 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been used in esophageal cancer (EC), but the causal relationship between EC and immune cells is not clear. Although the cellular phenotype has been reported as a biomarker for immunotherapy, the biomarker studies for immunotherapy in EC still face great challenges. Comprehensive 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to determine the causal association between immune cell signatures and EC in this study. Based on publicly available genetic data, we explored causal associations between 731 immune cell signatures and EC risk. EC had no statistically significant effect on immunophenotypes. Nine immunophenotype types were positively associated with the risk of EC: CD20-%B cell, CD20% lymphocytes, CD25 on IgD- CD27-, CD25 on IgD+ CD24+, CD27 on IgD+ CD24+, CD28+ CD45RA- CD8br AC, CD3 on TD CD8br, IgD-CD38dim%B cells, and Mo MDSC AC. In addition, a total of 15 immunophenotypes were identified as causally associated with EC. IgD+ CD38- %B cell, IgD- CD24- %lymphocyte, CD19 on IgD- CD38dim, CD20 on IgD+ CD24+, CD62L-myeloid DC AC, CD4+ AC, Lymphocyte %leukocyte, CD3 on HLA-DR+ T cell, CD3 on CD45RA- CD4+, HVEM on naive CD4+ AC, HVEM on CD45RA- CD4+, CD4 on TD CD4+, CD4 on CD4 Treg, and CD4 on CD39+ resting Treg, and CD4 on activated & secreting Treg. Our study has demonstrated the close connection between immune cells and EC by genetic means, thus providing guidance for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Guo
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Academy of Zhongjing, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Henan International Joint, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gao Si
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Si
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Academy of Zhongjing, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Henan International Joint, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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5
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Hu X. The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:358-370. [PMID: 38483699 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is widely recognized as a prevalent contributor to cancer mortality and ranks as the second most prevalent form of cancer among women across the globe. Hence, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative to effectively manage BC. The B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) complex has garnered significant scientific interest as a crucial regulator in various immune contexts. The interaction between BTLA-HVEM ligand on the surface of T cells results in reduced cellular activation, cytokine synthesis, and proliferation. The BTLA-HVEM complex has been investigated in various cancers, yet its specific mechanisms in BC remain indeterminate. In this study, we aim to examine the function of BTLA-HVEM and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence in relation to BC. The obstruction or augmentation of these pathways may potentially enhance the efficacy of BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- College of Health Industry, Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, 130000, China.
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6
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Wojciechowicz K, Spodzieja M, Wardowska A. The BTLA-HVEM complex - The future of cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116231. [PMID: 38387336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The BTLA-HVEM complex plays a pivotal role in cancer and cancer immunotherapy by regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of BTLA and HVEM expression contributes to immunosuppression and tumor progression across various cancer types. Targeting the interaction between BTLA and HVEM holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Disruption of this complex presents a valuable avenue for advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies. Aberrant expression of BTLA and HVEM adversely affects immune cell function, particularly T cells, exacerbating tumor evasion mechanisms. Understanding and modulating the BTLA-HVEM axis represents a crucial aspect of designing effective immunotherapeutic interventions against cancer. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the structure and function of BTLA and HVEM, along with their interaction with each other and various immune partners. Moreover, the expression of soluble and transmembrane forms of BTLA and HVEM in different types of cancer and their impact on the prognosis of patients is also discussed. Additionally, inhibitors of the proteins binding that might be used to block BTLA-HVEM interaction are reviewed. All the presented data highlight the plausible clinical application of BTLA-HVEM targeted therapies in cancer and autoimmune disease management. However, further studies are required to confirm the practical use of this concept. Despite the increasing number of reports on the BTLA-HVEM complex, many aspects of its biology and function still need to be elucidated. This review can be regarded as an encouragement and a guide to follow the path of BTLA-HVEM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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7
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Song Z, Li W, Han Y, Xu Y, Ding H, Wang Y. Association of immune cell traits with Parkinson's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1340110. [PMID: 38455666 PMCID: PMC10917892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1340110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity and neuroinflammation play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, prior investigations into the correlation between immune inflammation and PD have produced varying results. Identifying specific immune cell phenotypes that are truly associated with PD is challenging, and the causal relationship between immune cells and PD remains elusive. Methods This study conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, employing five distinct analytical approaches, to clarify the causal connection between immune cell characteristics and the risk of PD. Utilizing GWAS data, we investigated the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and PD. These immune cell phenotypes encompass absolute cell (AC) counts, median fluorescence intensity (MFI), and relative cell (RC) counts for B cells, cDCs, mature stage T cells, monocytes, myeloid cells, TBNK (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells), and Tregs, as well as the logistic parameter (MP) for cDCs and TBNK. Results The inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated that Myeloid DCs (p = 0.004), HVEM expression on CD45RA- CD4+ T cells (p = 0.007), CD62L- CD86+ Myeloid DCs (p = 0.015), and HLA DR expression on monocytes (p = 0.019) were associated with a reduced risk of PD. CD14+ CD16+ monocytes (p = 0.005), HLA DR+ NK cells within CD3- lymphocytes (p = 0.023), and CD28 expression on activated & secreting Tregs (p = 0.032) were associated with an increased risk of PD. Conclusion This study establishes a causal link between immune cell phenotype and the pathogenesis of PD, identifying several specific immune cell characteristics associated with PD. This could inspire researchers to delve into the pathogenesis of PD at the cellular subtype level, and aid in the identification of potential pharmacological protein targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Song
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wangyu Li
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yupeng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiya Xu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haiqi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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8
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Jang J, Kim H, Park SS, Kim M, Min YK, Jeong HO, Kim S, Hwang T, Choi DWY, Kim HJ, Song S, Kim DO, Lee S, Lee CH, Lee JW. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Cellular Factors for Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Aplastic Anemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e977. [PMID: 37908861 PMCID: PMC10615405 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a lethal hematological disorder; however, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is a major treatment option for AA, one-third of patients do not respond to IST and its resistance mechanism remains elusive. To understand AA pathogenesis and IST resistance, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bone marrow (BM) from healthy controls and patients with AA at diagnosis. We found that CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells were significantly depleted in AA, which suggests that the depletion of CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells might be one of the major mechanisms for AA pathogenesis related with BM-cell hypoplasia. More importantly, we observed the significant enrichment of CD8+ T cells and T cell-activating intercellular interactions in IST responders, indicating the association between the expansion and activation of T cells and the positive response of IST in AA. Taken together, our findings represent a valuable resource offering novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity in the BM of AA and reveal potential biomarkers for IST, building the foundation for future precision therapies in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-oh Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - David Whee-Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea SCBIO Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Grottker F, Gehre S, Reichardt CM, Sengedorj A, Jost T, Rieckmann T, Hecht M, Gostian AO, Frey B, Fietkau R, Gaipl US, Rückert M. Radiotherapy combined with docetaxel alters the immune phenotype of HNSCC cells and results in increased surface expression of CD137 and release of HMGB1 of specifically HPV-positive tumor cells. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100944. [PMID: 37857049 PMCID: PMC10589749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papilloma virus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors respond significantly better to anticancer treatments. It is assumed to be due to a better response to radiotherapy (RT), and presumably to an increased immunogenicity. However, little is known how the immune phenotype of HNSCC tumor cells is modulated by standard treatment, namely by radiochemotherapy (RCT). METHODS Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of the HPV status on the immune phenotype of HNSCC cell lines following RCT with 5 × 3Gy or 1 × 19.3Gy and/or docetaxel, by analyzing cell death, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), surface expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) and the impact on activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (hmDCs). RESULTS Cell death induction and Hsp70 release following RCT was independent of the HPV status, and RCT significantly increased the expression of the immune suppressive ICMs PD-L1, PD-L2 and HVEM. An immune stimulatory ICM, CD137, was significantly increased following RCT only on HPV-positive cell lines, as well as the release of HMGB1. Although the treatment increased cell death and modulated ICM expression in HNSCC, the hmDCs were not activated after co-incubation with treated tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our data with the HPV-dependent release of HMGB1 and increased expression of CD137 following RCT provide a hint for increased immunogenicity underlining the better prognosis for HPV positive tumors following RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridolin Grottker
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Simon Gehre
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Clara M Reichardt
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Azzaya Sengedorj
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Tina Jost
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Klinikum Straubing, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Rückert
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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He S, Ji Z, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Hu J, Wang R, Ding Y. Investigation of LGALS2 expression in the TCGA database reveals its clinical relevance in breast cancer immunotherapy and drug resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17445. [PMID: 37838802 PMCID: PMC10576795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is known as the leading cause of death in women worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Traditional therapeutic strategies such as surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause adverse reactions such as drug resistance. Immunotherapy, a new treatment approach with fewer side effects and stronger universality, can prolong the survival of BRCA patients and even achieve clinical cure. However, due to population heterogeneity and other reasons, there are still certain factors that limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, the importance of finding new tumor immune biomarker cannot be emphasized enough. Studies have reported that LGALS2 was closely related to immunotherapy efficacy, however, it is unclear whether it can act as an immune checkpoint for BRCA immunotherapy. In the current study, changes in LGALS2 expression were analyzed in public datasets such as TCGA-BRCA. We found that LGALS2 expression was associated with immune infiltration, drug resistance and other characteristics of BRCA. Moreover, high LGALS2 expression was closely related to immunotherapy response, and was associated with methylation modifications and clinical resistance for the first time. These findings may help to elucidate the role of LGALS2 in BRCA for the development and clinical application of future immunotherapy strategies against BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- The Eye Center in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218#, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Current Approaches of Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1408-1438. [PMID: 37561383 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Increasing understanding of the complex interaction between leukemic and immune cells, which is responsible for tumor progression and immune evasion, has paved the way for the development of novel immunotherapy approaches in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). One of the well-known immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells is the up-regulation of immune checkpoint molecules. In recent years, targeting immune checkpoint receptors is the most clinically effective immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this regard, various immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs are currently been investigating for their potential effects on improving anti-tumor immune response and clinical efficacy in the hematological malignancies; however, their effectiveness in patients with CLL has shown less remarkable success, and ongoing research is focused on identifying strategies to enhance the efficacy of ICB in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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12
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Kuncewicz K, Bojko M, Battin C, Karczyńska A, Sieradzan A, Sikorska E, Węgrzyn K, Wojciechowicz K, Wardowska A, Steinberger P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Spodzieja M. BTLA-derived peptides as inhibitors of BTLA/HVEM complex formation - design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115161. [PMID: 37473684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints can be divided into co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules that regulate the activation and effector functions of T cells. The co-inhibitory pathways mediated by ICPs are used by cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance, and therefore the blockade of these receptor/ligand interactions is one of the strategies used in the treatment of cancer. The two main pathways currently under investigation are CTLA-4/CD80/CD86 and PD-1/PD-L1, and the monoclonal Abs targeting them have shown potent immunomodulatory effects and activity in clinical environments. Another interesting target in cancer treatment is the BTLA/HVEM complex. Binding of BTLA protein on T cells to HVEM on cancer cells leads to inhibition of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In the presented work, we focused on blocking the HVEM protein using BTLA-derived peptides. Based on the crystal structure of the BTLA/HVEM complex and MM/GBSA analysis performed here, we designed and synthesized peptides, specifically fragments of BTLA protein. We subsequently checked the inhibitory capacities of these compounds using ELISA and a cellular reporter platform. Two of these peptides, namely BTLA(35-43) and BTLA(33-64)C58Abu displayed the most promising properties, and we therefore performed further studies to evaluate their affinity to HVEM protein, their stability in plasma and their effect on viability of human PBMCs. In addition, the 3D structure for the peptide BTLA(33-64)C58Abu was determined using NMR. Obtained data confirmed that the BTLA-derived peptides could be the basis for future drugs and their immunomodulatory potential merits further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bojko
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Claire Battin
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Karczyńska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzan
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marta Spodzieja
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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13
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Shuptrine CW, Perez VM, Selitsky SR, Schreiber TH, Fromm G. Shining a LIGHT on myeloid cell targeted immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2023; 187:147-160. [PMID: 37167762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a decade of clinical trials combining inhibition of emerging checkpoints with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor backbone, meaningful survival benefits have not been shown in PD-1/L1 inhibitor resistant or refractory solid tumours, particularly tumours dominated by a myelosuppressive microenvironment. Achieving durable anti-tumour immunity will therefore likely require combination of adaptive and innate immune stimulation, myeloid repolarisation, enhanced APC activation and antigen processing/presentation, lifting of the CD47/SIRPα (Cluster of Differentiation 47/signal regulatory protein alpha) 'do not eat me' signal, provision of an apoptotic 'pro-eat me' or 'find me' signal, and blockade of immune checkpoints. The importance of effectively targeting mLILRB2 and SIRPAyeloid cells to achieve improved response rates has recently been emphasised, given myeloid cells are abundant in the tumour microenvironment of most solid tumours. TNFSF14, or LIGHT, is a tumour necrosis superfamily ligand with a broad range of adaptive and innate immune activities, including (1) myeloid cell activation through Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor (LTβR), (2) T/NK (T cell and natural killer cell) induced anti-tumour immune activity through Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), (3) potentiation of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretion through LTβR on tumour stromal cells, (4) direct induction of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro, and (5) the reorganisation of lymphatic tissue architecture, including within the tumour microenvironment (TME), by promoting high endothelial venule (HEV) formation and induction of tertiary lymphoid structures. LTBR (Lymphotoxin beta receptor) and HVEM rank highly amongst a range of costimulatory receptors in solid tumours, which raises interest in considering how LIGHT-mediated costimulation may be distinct from a growing list of immunotherapy targets which have failed to provide survival benefit as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors, particularly in the checkpoint acquired resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Shuptrine
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Taylor H Schreiber
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - George Fromm
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Demerlé C, Gorvel L, Mello M, Pastor S, Degos C, Zarubica A, Angelis F, Fiore F, Nunes JA, Malissen B, Greillier L, Guittard G, Luche H, Barlesi F, Olive D. Anti-HVEM mAb therapy improves antitumoral immunity both in vitro and in vivo, in a novel transgenic mouse model expressing human HVEM and BTLA molecules challenged with HVEM expressing tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006348. [PMID: 37230538 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14)/herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is the ligand for B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160-negative immune co-signaling molecules as well as viral proteins. Its expression is dysregulated with an overexpression in tumors and a connection with tumors of adverse prognosis. METHODS We developed C57BL/6 mouse models co-expressing human (hu)BTLA and huHVEM as well as antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that completely prevent the interactions of HVEM with its ligands. RESULTS Here, we show that the anti-HVEM18-10 mAb increases primary human αβ-T cells activity alone (CIS-activity) or in the presence of HVEM-expressing lung or colorectal cancer cells in vitro (TRANS-activity). Anti-HVEM18-10 synergizes with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) mAb to activate T cells in the presence of PD-L1-positive tumors, but is sufficient to trigger T cell activation in the presence of PD-L1-negative cells. In order to better understand HVEM18-10 effects in vivo and especially disentangle its CIS and TRANS effects, we developed a knockin (KI) mouse model expressing human BTLA (huBTLA+/+) and a KI mouse model expressing both huBTLA+/+/huHVEM+/+ (double KI (DKI)). In vivo preclinical experiments performed in both mouse models showed that HVEM18-10 treatment was efficient to decrease human HVEM+ tumor growth. In the DKI model, anti-HVEM18-10 treatment induces a decrease of exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells and an increase of effector memory CD4+ T cells within the tumor. Interestingly, mice which completely rejected tumors (±20%) did not develop tumors on rechallenge in both settings, therefore showing a marked T cell-memory phenotype effect. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our preclinical models validate anti-HVEM18-10 as a promising therapeutic antibody to use in clinics as a monotherapy or in combination with existing immunotherapies (antiprogrammed cell death protein 1/anti-PD-L1/anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Demerlé
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marielle Mello
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Pastor
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clara Degos
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Zarubica
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Angelis
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunes
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Geoffrey Guittard
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Luche
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, CHU NORD, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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15
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Shetty KS, Jose A, Bani M, Vinod PK. Network diffusion-based approach for survival prediction and identification of biomarkers using multi-omics data of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:871-882. [PMID: 37093328 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Identification of cancer subtypes based on molecular knowledge is crucial for improving the patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this work, we integrated copy number variations (CNVs) and transcriptomic data of Kidney Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (KIRP) using a network diffusion strategy to stratify cancers into clinically and biologically relevant subtypes. We constructed GeneNet, a KIRP specific gene expression network from RNA-seq data. The copy number variation data was projected onto GeneNet and propagated on the network for clustering. We identified robust subtypes that are biologically informative and significantly associated with patient survival, tumor stage and clinical subtypes of KIRP. We performed a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis of KIRP subtypes, which revealed the genes/silent players related to poor survival. A differential gene expression analysis between subtypes showed that genes related to immune, extracellular matrix organization, and genomic instability are upregulated in the poor survival group. Overall, the network-based approach revealed the molecular subtypes of KIRP and captured the relationship between gene expression and CNVs. This framework can be further expanded to integrate other omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi S Shetty
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Aswin Jose
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Mihir Bani
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - P K Vinod
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
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16
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del Rio ML, de Juan CYD, Roncador G, Caleiras E, Álvarez-Esteban R, Pérez-Simón JA, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. Genetic deletion of HVEM in a leukemia B cell line promotes a preferential increase of PD-1 - stem cell-like T cells over PD-1 + T cells curbing tumor progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113858. [PMID: 37033927 PMCID: PMC10076739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high frequency of mutations affecting the gene encoding Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM, TNFRSF14) is a common clinical finding in a wide variety of human tumors, including those of hematological origin. METHODS We have addressed how HVEM expression on A20 leukemia cells influences tumor survival and its involvement in the modulation of the anti-tumor immune responses in a parental into F1 mouse tumor model of hybrid resistance by knocking-out HVEM expression. HVEM WT or HVEM KO leukemia cells were then injected intravenously into semiallogeneic F1 recipients and the extent of tumor dissemination was evaluated. RESULTS The loss of HVEM expression on A20 leukemia cells led to a significant increase of lymphoid and myeloid tumor cell infiltration curbing tumor progression. NK cells and to a lesser extent NKT cells and monocytes were the predominant innate populations contributing to the global increase of immune infiltrates in HVEM KO tumors compared to that present in HVEM KO tumors. In the overall increase of the adaptive T cell immune infiltrates, the stem cell-like PD-1- T cells progenitors and the effector T cell populations derived from them were more prominently present than terminally differentiated PD-1+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the PD-1- T cell subpopulation is likely to be a more relevant contributor to tumor rejection than the PD-1+ T cell subpopulation. These findings highlight the role of co-inhibitory signals delivered by HVEM upon engagement of BTLA on T cells and NK cells, placing HVEM/BTLA interaction in the spotlight as a novel immune checkpoint for the reinforcement of the anti-tumor responses in malignancies of hematopoietic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa del Rio
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Carla Yago-Diez de Juan
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, National Center for Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Core Unit, National Center for Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Álvarez-Esteban
- Section of Statistics and Operational Research, Department of Economy and Statistics, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio / Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS / CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
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17
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Fortis SP, Goulielmaki M, Aubert N, Batsaki P, Ouzounis S, Cavouras D, Marodon G, Stokidis S, Gritzapis AD, Baxevanis CN. Radiotherapy-Related Gene Signature in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205032. [PMID: 36291815 PMCID: PMC9599894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiation therapy (RT) is an established therapeutic regimen for prostate cancer patients which aims for the direct elimination of tumor cells in the prostate gland and occasionally at distant anatomic sites. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing-based gene expression analysis in peripheral blood from prostate cancer patients obtained pre- and post-radiotherapy and found six independently down-regulated genes including CCR7, FCGR2B, BTLA, CD6, CD3D, and CD3E. The analysis of the expression of the 6-genes as a signature also revealed significantly lower levels post- vs. pre-radiotherapy. Data extracted from the PRAD (PRostate ADenocarcinomas) dataset linked low levels of the 6-gene signature to better survival. More importantly, this 6-gene signature strongly correlated with a favorable prognosis regardless of poor standard clinicopathological parameters (i.e., Gleason score ≥ 8 and T3), thus highlighting its potential predictive value. Abstract Radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer has increased the cure and survival rates of patients. Besides its local tumoricidal effects, ionizing radiation has been linked to mechanisms leading to systemic immune activation, a phenomenon called the abscopal effect. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis on peripheral blood from prostate cancer patients obtained post- radiotherapy and showed that 6 genes, including CCR7, FCGR2B, BTLA, CD6, CD3D, and CD3E, were down-regulated by a range of 1.5–2.5-fold as compared to pre-radiotherapy samples. The expression of the signature consisting of these six genes was also significantly lower post- vs. pre-radiotherapy. These genes are involved in various tumor-promoting immune pathways and their down-regulation post-radiotherapy could be considered beneficial for patients. This is supported by the fact that low mRNA expression levels for the 6-gene signature in the prostate tumor tissue was linked to better survival. Importantly, we report that this 6-gene signature strongly correlated with a favorable prognosis regardless of poor standard clinicopathological parameters (i.e., Gleason score ≥ 8 and T3 (including T3a and T3b). Our pioneering data open the possibility that the 6-gene signature identified herein may have a predictive value, but this requires further long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas Aubert
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Ouzounis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionisis Cavouras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Savvas Stokidis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos D. Gritzapis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-21-0640-9380
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Zhong H, Jiao K, Huan X, Zhao R, Su M, Goh LY, Zheng X, Zhou Z, Luo S, Zhao C. Herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells as a protective factor for myasthenia gravis: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931821. [PMID: 35979348 PMCID: PMC9376372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-driven, autoantibody-mediated disorder affecting transmission in neuromuscular junctions. The associations between the peripheral T cells and MG have been extensively studied. However, they are mainly of observational nature, thus limiting our understanding of the effect of inflammatory biomarkers on MG risk. With large data sets now available, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether the biomarkers on T cells are causally associated with MG and further validate the relationships. Methods We performed a two-sample MR analysis using genetic data from one genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 210 extensive T-cell traits in 3,757 general population individuals and the largest GWAS for MG currently available (1,873 patients versus 36,370 age/gender-matched controls) from US and Italy. Then the biomarkers of interest were validated separately in two GWASs for MG in FIN biobank (232 patients versus 217,056 controls) and UK biobank (152 patients versus 386,631 controls). Results In the first analysis, three T-cell traits were identified to be causally protective for MG risk: 1) CD8 on terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells (OR [95% CI] = 0.71 [0.59, 0.86], P = 5.62e-04, adjusted P =2.81e-02); 2) CD4+ regulatory T proportion in T cells (OR [95% CI] = 0.44 [0.26, 0.72], P = 1.30e-03, adjusted P =2.81e-02); 3) HVEM expression on total T cells (OR [95% CI] = 0.67 [0.52, 0.86], P = 1.61e-03, adjusted P =2.81e-02) and other eight T-cell subtypes (e.g., naïve CD4+ T cells). In particular, HVEM is a novel immune checkpoint on T cells that has never been linked to MG before. The SNPs on the TNFRSF14 per se further support a more direct link between the HVEM and MG. The validation analysis replicated these results in both FIN and UK biobanks. Both datasets showed a concordant protective trend supporting the findings, albeit not significant. Conclusion This study highlighted the role of HVEM on T cells as a novel molecular-modified factor for MG risk and validated the causality between T cells and MG. These findings may advance our understanding of MG's immunopathology and facilitate the future development of predictive disease-relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Zhong
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Jiao
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Huan
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Manqiqige Su
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ying Goh
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirui Zhou
- Radiation Oncology Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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DNA Methylation Modification Regulator-Mediated Molecular Clusters and Tumor Metabolic Characterization in Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2408637. [PMID: 34804158 PMCID: PMC8601836 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2408637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have indicated a close link between DNA methylation and tumor metabolism. However, the overall influence of DNA methylation on tumor metabolic characteristics in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Methods We first explored the subtypes of DNA methylation modification regulators and tumor metabolic features of 1,205 PCa samples using clustering analysis and gene set variation analysis based on the mRNA levels of DNA methylation modification regulators. A DNA methylation-related score (DMS) was calculated using principal component analysis and the DNA methylation modification-related gene signatures to quantify DNA methylation characteristics. We then performed a meta-analysis to identify the hazard ratio of DMS in the six cohorts. In addition, a nomogram was drawn using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses based on the DMS and clinical variables. Finally, a drug sensitivity analysis of the DMS was performed based on the genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer datasets. Results Three PCa clusters showing different DNA methylation modification patterns and tumor metabolic features were identified. A DMS system was established to quantify the characteristics of DNA methylation modification. PCa samples showed a differential metabolic landscape between the high and low DMS groups. The prognostic value of the DMS and nomogram was independently validated in multiple cohorts. A high DMS was associated with increases in the tumor mutation burden, copy number variation, and microsatellite instability; high tumor heterogeneity; and poor prognosis. Finally, DMS was closely related to different types of antitumor treatment. Conclusion Improving the understanding of tumor metabolism by characterizing DNA methylation modification patterns and using the DMS may help clinicians predict prognosis and aid in more personalized antitumor therapy strategies for PCa.
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Metabolic characterization and metabolism-score of tumor to predict the prognosis in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22486. [PMID: 34795309 PMCID: PMC8602249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metabolism patterns have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of many cancers. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PCa) remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the metabolic characteristics of PCa. First, we downloaded mRNA expression data and clinical information of PCa samples from multiple databases and quantified the metabolic pathway activity level using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Through unsupervised clustering and principal component analyses, we explored metabolic characteristics and constructed a metabolic score for PCa. Then, we independently validated the prognostic value of our metabolic score and the nomogram based on the metabolic score in multiple databases. Next, we found the metabolic score to be closely related to the tumor microenvironment and DNA mutation using multi-omics data and ssGSEA. Finally, we found different features of drug sensitivity in PCa patients in the high/low metabolic score groups. In total, 1232 samples were analyzed in the present study. Overall, an improved understanding of tumor metabolism through the characterization of metabolic clusters and metabolic score may help clinicians predict prognosis and aid the development of more personalized anti-tumor therapeutic strategies for PCa.
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