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Zou Z, Luo T, Wang X, Wang B, Li Q. Exploring the interplay between triple-negative breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment for effective therapeutic strategies. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38807378 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy with poor treatment outcomes. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) plays an important role in the development of TNBC. Owing to their ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, BCSCs maintain tumor growth, drive metastatic colonization, and facilitate the development of drug resistance. TME is the main factor regulating the phenotype and metastasis of BCSCs. Immune cells, cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), cytokines, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix within the TME form a complex communication network, exert highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide a conducive environment for the formation of BCSC niches. Tumor growth and metastasis can be controlled by targeting the TME to eliminate BCSC niches or targeting BCSCs to modify the TME. These approaches may improve the treatment outcomes and possess great application potential in clinical settings. In this review, we summarized the relationship between BCSCs and the progression and drug resistance of TNBC, especially focusing on the interaction between BCSCs and TME. In addition, we discussed therapeutic strategies that target the TME to inhibit or eliminate BCSCs, providing valuable insights into the clinical treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Zou
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tinglan Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Chongqing Medicine University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Mistry T, Nath A, Pal R, Ghosh S, Mahata S, Kumar Sahoo P, Sarkar S, Choudhury T, Nath P, Alam N, Nasare VD. Emerging Futuristic Targeted Therapeutics: A Comprising Study Towards a New Era for the Management of TNBC. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:132-148. [PMID: 38145412 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by high lethality attributed to factors such as chemoresistance, transcriptomic, and genomic heterogeneity, leading to a poor prognosis and limiting available targeted treatment options. While the identification of molecular targets remains pivotal for therapy involving chemo drugs, the current challenge lies in the poor response rates, low survival rates, and frequent relapses. Despite various clinical investigations exploring molecular targeted therapies in conjunction with conventional chemo treatment, the outcomes have been less than optimal. The critical need for more effective therapies underscores the urgency to discover potent novel treatments, including molecular and immune targets, as well as emerging strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of conventional treatment approaches and explores emerging molecular and immune-targeted therapeutics, elucidating their mechanisms to address the existing obstacles for a more effective management of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuma Mistry
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Screening
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Arijit Nath
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Screening
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neyaz Alam
- Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
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Li J, Li Z, Yang W, Pan J, You H, Yang L, Zhang X. Development and verification of a novel immunogenic cell death-related signature for predicting the prognosis and immune infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2007. [PMID: 38425247 PMCID: PMC10905160 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis and tumor immunology of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited the development of immunotherapy. The importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) in immunotyping, prognostic assessment and immunotherapy efficacy of cancer has been emphasized, however, potential immunogenic cell death (ICD) related genes function in TME of TNBC has been rarely investigated. AIMS To initially explore the role and related mechanisms of ICD in TNBC, especially the role played in the TME of TNBC, and to identify different relevant subtypes based on ICD, and then develop an ICD-related risk score to predict each TNBC patient TME status, prognosis and immunotherapy response. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we identified distinct ICD-related modification patterns based on 158 TNBC cases in the TCGA-TNBC cohort. We then investigated the possible correlation between ICD-related modification patterns and TME cell infiltration characteristics in TNBC. By using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, we created a risk scoring system (ICD score) to quantifiably evaluate the impact of ICD-related modification patterns in individual TNBC patient. Two different ICD-related modification patterns were found with significant differences in immune infiltration. Lower ICD score was correlated with higher immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden and significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, indicating a strong ability to activate immune response, which might account for relatively favorable prognosis of TNBC patients and could serve as a predictor to select suitable candidates for immunotherapy. We used two independent cohorts, GSE58812 cohort and Metabric cohort to validate prognosis and immunohistochemistry for preliminary in vitro validation. CONCLUSION This study evidenced that the ICD-related modification patterns might exert pivotal roles in the immune infiltration landscape of TNBC and ICD score might act as potential predictors of prognostic assessment and immunotherapy response. This research provides unique insights for individualize immune treatment strategies and promising immunotherapy candidates screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhengtian Li
- Department of Bone and Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Wenkang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Huazong You
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Lixiang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Said SS, Ibrahim WN. Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:369. [PMID: 38397971 PMCID: PMC10886684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with pronounced immunogenicity, exhibiting rapid proliferation and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. TNBC's heterogeneity poses challenges to immunological treatments, inducing resistance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, are explored in preclinical and clinical trials. Promising results emerge from combining ICIs with anti-TGF-β and VISTA, hindering TNBC tumor growth. TNBC cells employ complex evasion strategies involving interactions with stromal and immune cells, suppressing immune recognition through various cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites. The recent focus on unraveling humoral and cellular components aims to disrupt cancer crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment. This review identifies TNBC's latest resistance mechanisms, exploring potential targets for clinical trials to overcome immune checkpoint resistance and enhance patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
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Tenggara JB, Rachman A, Prihartono J, Rachmadi L, Panigoro SS, Heriyanto DS, Sutandyo N, Nasution IR, Rahadiati FB, Steven R, Betsy R, Juanputra S, Sudoyo AW. The relationship between high ratios of CD4/FOXP3 and CD8/CD163 and the improved survivability of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38308298 PMCID: PMC10835864 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been documented as the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze antitumor and protumor immune activities, and their ratios as significant prognostic biomarkers in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). METHODS A multicenter cohort study was conducted among 103 de novo mTNBC patients. The expression of CD8 and CD163 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry staining, CD4 and FOXP3 using double-staining immunohistochemistry, and PD-L1 using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that high CD4/FOXP3 (HR 1.857; 95% CI 1.049-3.288; p = 0.034) and the CD8/CD163 ratio (HR 2.089; 95% CI 1.174-3.717; p = 0.012) yield significantly improved 1 year overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high levels of CD4 (p = 0.023), CD8 (p = 0.043), CD4/FOXP3 (p = 0.016), CD8/FOXP3 (p = 0.005), CD8/CD163 (p = 0.005) ratios were significantly associated with higher rate of 1 year OS. Furthermore, 1 year OS was directly correlated with antitumor CD4 (R = 0.233; p = 0.018) and CD8 (R = 0.219; p = 0.026) and was indirectly correlated with protumor CD163 and FOXP3 through CD4/FOXP3 (R = 0.282; p = 0.006), CD4/CD163 (R = 0.239; p = 0.015), CD8/FOXP3 (R = 0.260; p = 0.008), and CD8/CD163 (R = 0.258; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that high levels of CD4/FOXP3 and CD8/CD163 significantly improved the 1 year OS in de novo mTNBC patients. Thus, we recommend the application of these markers as prognosis determination and individual treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry Beta Tenggara
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Andhika Rachman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joedo Prihartono
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lisnawati Rachmadi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonar Soni Panigoro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Noorwati Sutandyo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Intan Russianna Nasution
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Familia Bella Rahadiati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ricci Steven
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachelle Betsy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Juanputra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aru Wisaksono Sudoyo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Monteiro AC, de Andrade Garcia D, Du Rocher B, Fontão APGA, Nogueira LP, Fidalgo G, Colaço MV, Bonomo A. Cooperation between T and B cells reinforce the establishment of bone metastases in a mouse model of breast cancer. Bone 2024; 178:116932. [PMID: 37832903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells educated by the primary breast tumor and their secreted factors support the formation of bone pre-metastatic niche. Indeed, we showed that RANKL+ CD3+ T cells, specific for the 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line, arrive at the bone marrow before metastatic cells and set the pre-metastatic niche. In the absence of RANKL expressed by T cells, there is no pre-metastatic osteolytic disease and bone metastases are completely blocked. Adding to the role of T cells, we have recently demonstrated that dendritic cells assist RANKL+ T cell activities at bone pre-metastatic niche, by differentiating into potent bone resorbing osteoclast-like cells, keeping their antigen-presenting cell properties, providing a positive feedback loop to the osteolytic profile. Here we are showing that bone marrow-derived CD19+ B cells, from 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, also express the pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). Analysis of trabecular bone mineral density by conventional histomorphometry and X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) demonstrated that B cells expressing RANKL cooperate with 4T1-primed CD3+ T cells to induce bone loss. Moreover, RANKL expression by B cells depends on T cells activity, since experiments performed with B cells derived from 4T1 tumor-bearing nude BALB/c mice resulted in the maintenance of trabecular bone mass instead of bone loss. Altogether, we believe that 4T1-primed RANKL+ B cells alone are not central mediators of bone loss in vivo but when associated with T cells induce a strong decrease in bone mass, accelerating both breast cancer progression and bone metastases establishment. Although several studies performed in different pathological settings, showed that B cells, positively and negatively impact on osteoclastogenesis, due to their capacity to secret pro or anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, as far as we know, this is the first report showing the role of RANKL expression by B cells on breast cancer-derived bone metastases scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory of Osteo and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Diego de Andrade Garcia
- Laboratory of Osteo and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Du Rocher
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Applied Physics to Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Colaço
- Laboratory of Applied Physics to Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dinakar YH, Rajana N, Kumari NU, Jain V, Mehra NK. Recent Advances of Multifunctional PLGA Nanocarriers in the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:258. [PMID: 38097825 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though chemotherapy stands as a standard option in the therapy of TNBC, problems associated with it such as anemia, bone marrow suppression, immune suppression, toxic effects on healthy cells, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) can compromise their effects. Nanoparticles gained paramount importance in overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among the various options, nanotechnology has appeared as a promising path in preclinical and clinical studies for early diagnosis of primary tumors and metastases and destroying tumor cells. PLGA has been extensively studied amongst various materials used for the preparation of nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery and adjuvant therapy because of their capability of higher encapsulation, easy surface functionalization, increased stability, protection of drugs from degradation versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Furthermore, this review also provides an overview of PLGA-based nanoparticles including hybrid nanoparticles such as the inorganic PLGA nanoparticles, lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles, cell membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles, hydrogels, exosomes, and nanofibers. The effects of all these systems in various in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC were explained thus pointing PLGA-based NPs as a strategy for the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirivinti Hayagreeva Dinakar
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Nalla Usha Kumari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India.
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Kumar H, Gupta NV, Jain R, Madhunapantula SV, Babu CS, Kesharwani SS, Dey S, Jain V. A review of biological targets and therapeutic approaches in the management of triple-negative breast cancer. J Adv Res 2023; 54:271-292. [PMID: 36791960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, aggressive phenotype of breast cancer with associated chemoresistance. The development of chemo- or radioresistance could be attributed to diverse tumor microenvironments, overexpression of membrane proteins (transporters), epigenetic changes, and alteration of the cell signaling pathways/genes associated with the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). AIM OF REVIEW Due to the diverse and heterogeneous nature of TNBC, therapeutic response to the existing modalities offers limited scope and thus results in reccurance after therapy. To establish landmark therapeutic efficacy, a number of novel therapeutic modalities have been proposed. In addition, reversal of the resistance that developed during treatment may be altered by employing appropriate therapeutic modalities. This review aims to discuss the plethora of investigations carried out, which will help readers understand and make an appropriate choice of therapy directed toward complete elimination of TNBC. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This manuscript addresses the major contributory factors from the tumor microenvironment that are responsible for the development of chemoresistance and poor prognosis. The associated cellular events and molecular mechanism-based therapeutic interventions have been explained in detail. Inhibition of ABC transporters, cell signaling pathways associated with CSCs, and epigenetic modification offers promising results in this regard. TNBC progression, invasion, metastasis and recurrence can also be inhibited by blocking multiple cell signaling pathways, targeting specific receptors/epigenetic targets, disrupting bioenergetics and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - N Vishal Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - C Saravana Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | | | - Surajit Dey
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India.
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Mei M, Tang L, Zhou H, Xue N, Li M. Honokiol prevents lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating polarization and recruitment of macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176076. [PMID: 37797675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer-associated death. Lung metastasis commonly occurs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis, worsening the TNBC prognosis. Considering their role in tumor progression and metastasis, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that honokiol inhibits tumor growth and progression. Here we assessed how honokiol inhibits lung metastasis of TNBC by regulating the polarization of macrophages. We found that honokiol decreased the expression of IL-13-triggered M2 markers like CD206, Arg1, and CCL2, preventing the invasion and migration ability of TNBC cells. The activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT6 and STAT3 was significantly suppressed by honokiol in M2 polarized macrophages. Meanwhile, honokiol increased the expression of LPS/IFNγ-induced M1 markers such as CD11c, iNOS, and IL12 by promoting STAT1 phosphorylation. Besides, honokiol decreased both the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages and the expression of the IL-10/IL-12 gene in lung tissues, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of murine breast cancer. Moreover, honokiol reduced the infiltration of macrophages to the lung tissue through the CCL2/CCR2 pathways. These results highlight the potential of honokiol in suppressing TNBC tumor progression and lung metastasis by regulating the polarization and recruitment of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Linfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nina Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Mathias C, Kozak VN, Magno JM, Baal SCS, dos Santos VHA, Ribeiro EMDSF, Gradia DF, Castro MAA, Carvalho de Oliveira J. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Can Long Noncoding RNAs Be Associated? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4682. [PMID: 37835376 PMCID: PMC10572024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) emerge as a paradigm-shifting treatment option for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, there is a growing demand for biomarkers that can distinguish which patients are likely to benefit. In the case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by a lack of therapeutic targets, pembrolizumab approval for high-risk early-stage disease occurred regardless of PD-L1 status, which keeps the condition in a biomarker limbus. In this review, we highlight the participation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, as well as in the definition of prognostic immune-related signatures in many types of tumors, aiming to shed light on molecules that deserve further investigation for a potential role as biomarkers. We also conducted a bioinformatic analysis to investigate lncRNAs already investigated in PD-1/PDL-1 pathways in other cancer types, considering the TNBC molecular context. In this sense, from the generated data, we evidence here two lncRNAs, UCA1 and HCP5, which have not yet been identified in the context of the tumoral immune response in breast cancer. These candidates can be further explored to verify their use as biomarkers for ICI response. In this article, we present an updated review regarding the use of lncRNA as biomarkers of response to ICI, highlighting the versatility of using these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mathias
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81530-980, Brazil; (C.M.)
| | - Vanessa Nascimento Kozak
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81530-980, Brazil; (C.M.)
| | - Jessica Maria Magno
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81520-260, Brazil (V.H.A.d.S.)
| | - Suelen Cristina Soares Baal
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81530-980, Brazil; (C.M.)
| | - Victor Henrique Apolonio dos Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81520-260, Brazil (V.H.A.d.S.)
| | | | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81530-980, Brazil; (C.M.)
| | - Mauro Antonio Alves Castro
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81520-260, Brazil (V.H.A.d.S.)
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81530-980, Brazil; (C.M.)
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11
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Srivastava N, Usmani SS, Subbarayan R, Saini R, Pandey PK. Hypoxia: syndicating triple negative breast cancer against various therapeutic regimens. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199105. [PMID: 37492478 PMCID: PMC10363988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest subtypes of breast cancer (BC) for its high aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and hypoxic nature. Based on biological and clinical observations the TNBC related mortality is very high worldwide. Emerging studies have clearly demonstrated that hypoxia regulates the critical metabolic, developmental, and survival pathways in TNBC, which include glycolysis and angiogenesis. Alterations to these pathways accelerate the cancer stem cells (CSCs) enrichment and immune escape, which further lead to tumor invasion, migration, and metastasis. Beside this, hypoxia also manipulates the epigenetic plasticity and DNA damage response (DDR) to syndicate TNBC survival and its progression. Hypoxia fundamentally creates the low oxygen condition responsible for the alteration in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) signaling within the tumor microenvironment, allowing tumors to survive and making them resistant to various therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for society to establish target-based therapies that overcome the resistance and limitations of the current treatment plan for TNBC. In this review article, we have thoroughly discussed the plausible significance of HIF-1α as a target in various therapeutic regimens such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, adjuvant therapy photodynamic therapy, adoptive cell therapy, combination therapies, antibody drug conjugates and cancer vaccines. Further, we also reviewed here the intrinsic mechanism and existing issues in targeting HIF-1α while improvising the current therapeutic strategies. This review highlights and discusses the future perspectives and the major alternatives to overcome TNBC resistance by targeting hypoxia-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Educations, Chennai, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Kumar Pandey
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Opthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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12
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Wang M, Li X, Du W, Sun M, Ling G, Zhang P. Microneedle-mediated treatment for superficial tumors by combining multiple strategies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1600-1620. [PMID: 36735217 PMCID: PMC9897165 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Superficial tumors are still challenging to overcome due to the high risk and toxicity of surgery and conventional chemotherapy. Microneedles (MNs) are widely used in the treatment of superficial skin tumors (SST) due to the high penetration rate of the stratum corneum (SC), excellent biocompatibility, simple preparation process, high patient compliance, and minimal invasion. Most importantly, MNs can provide not only efficient and rarely painful delivery carriers, but also combine multi-model strategies with photothermal therapy (PTT), immunotherapy, and gene therapy for synergistic efficacy. To promote an in-depth understanding of their superiorities, this paper systematically summarized the latest application progress of MNs in the treatment of SST by delivering various types of photosensitizers, immune signal molecules, genes, and chemotherapy drugs. Just as important, the advantages, limitations, and drug release mechanisms of MNs based on different materials are introduced in the paper. In addition, the application of MN technology to clinical practice is the ultimate goal of all the work. The obstacles and possible difficulties in expanding the production of MNs and achieving clinical transformation are briefly discussed in this paper. To be anticipated, our work will provide new insights into the precise and rarely painful treatment of SST in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenzhen Du
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Minge Sun
- Shenyang Narnia Biomedical Technology Company, Ltd, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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13
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Meng Y, Zhou J, Liu X, Zeng F, Wen T, Meng J, Liu J, Xu H. CXC Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Antagonistic Gold Nanorods Induce Specific Immune Responses and Long-Term Immune Memory to Combat Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18734-18746. [PMID: 37017641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly challenging in its treatment because of the lack of the targeted markers. TNBC patients are not able to acquire benefits from endocrine therapy and targeted therapy except for chemotherapy. CXCR4 is highly expressed on TNBC cells that mediated the tumor cell metastasis as well as proliferation by the response of its ligand CXCL12, therefore holding promising potential of a candidate target for the treatment. In this work, a novel conjugate of CXCR4 antagonist peptide E5 and gold nanorods was fabricated (AuNRs-E5), which was applied to murine breast cancer tumor cells and an animal model, aiming to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress by endoplasmic reticulum-targeted photothermal immunological effects. Results showed that AuNRs-E5 could induce much more generation of damage-related molecular patterns in 4T1 cells under laser irradiation than AuNRs, which significantly promoted the maturation of dendritic cells and stimulated systematic anti-tumor immune responses by enhancing the infiltration of CD8+T cells into the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node, downregulating the regulatory T lymphocytes, and upregulating M1 macrophages in tumors, reversing the microenvironment from "cold" tumors to "hot" tumors. The administration of AuNRs-E5 with laser irradiation not only inhibited the tumor growth significantly but also exerted specific long immune responses to the triple-negative breast cancer tumor cells, which led to the prolonged survival of the mice and the specific immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xuanxin Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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14
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Wu Y, Shum HCE, Wu K, Vadgama J. From Interaction to Intervention: How Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affect and Target Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041182. [PMID: 37189800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expressions, making targeted therapies ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising approach for TNBC treatment by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and interacting with cancer cells. This review aims to comprehensively overview the role of MSCs in TNBC treatment, including their mechanisms of action and application strategies. We analyze the interactions between MSC and TNBC cells, including the impact of MSCs on TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, along with the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved. We also explore the impact of MSCs on other components of the TME, such as immune and stromal cells, and the underlying mechanisms. The review discusses the application strategies of MSCs in TNBC treatment, including their use as cell or drug carriers and the advantages and limitations of different types and sources of MSCs in terms of safety and efficacy. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of MSCs in TNBC treatment and propose potential solutions or improvement methods. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of MSCs as a novel therapeutic approach for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hang Chee Erin Shum
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Agnello L, d’Argenio A, Nilo R, Fedele M, Camorani S, Cerchia L. Aptamer-Based Strategies to Boost Immunotherapy in TNBC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072010. [PMID: 37046670 PMCID: PMC10093095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system (IS) may play a crucial role in preventing tumor development and progression, leading, over the last years, to the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, immune evasion, the capability of tumors to circumvent destructive host immunity, remains one of the main obstacles to overcome for maximizing treatment success. In this context, promising strategies aimed at reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting antitumor immunity are rapidly emerging. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor outcomes, is highly immunogenic, suggesting immunotherapy is a viable strategy. As evidence of this, already, two immunotherapies have recently become the standard of care for patients with PD-L1 expressing tumors, which, however, represent a low percentage of patients, making more active immunotherapeutic approaches necessary. Aptamers are short, highly structured, single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to their protein targets at high affinity and specificity. They are used for therapeutic purposes in the same way as monoclonal antibodies; thus, various aptamer-based strategies are being actively explored to stimulate the IS’s response against cancer cells. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential of the recently reported aptamer-based approaches to boost the IS to fight TNBC.
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16
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Hashemi M, Paskeh MDA, Orouei S, Abbasi P, Khorrami R, Dehghanpour A, Esmaeili N, Ghahremanzade A, Zandieh MA, Peymani M, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hushmandi K. Towards dual function of autophagy in breast cancer: A potent regulator of tumor progression and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114546. [PMID: 36958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a devastating disease, breast cancer has been responsible for decrease in life expectancy of females and its morbidity and mortality are high. Breast cancer is the most common tumor in females and its treatment has been based on employment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The changes in biological behavior of breast tumor relies on genomic and epigenetic mutations and depletions as well as dysregulation of molecular mechanisms that autophagy is among them. Autophagy function can be oncogenic in increasing tumorigenesis, and when it has pro-death function, it causes reduction in viability of tumor cells. The carcinogenic function of autophagy in breast tumor is an impediment towards effective therapy of patients, as it can cause drug resistance and radio-resistance. The important hallmarks of breast tumor such as glucose metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis can be regulated by autophagy. Oncogenic autophagy can inhibit apoptosis, while it promotes stemness of breast tumor. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interaction with tumor microenvironment components such as macrophages and its level can be regulated by anti-tumor compounds in breast tumor therapy. The reasons of considering autophagy in breast cancer therapy is its pleiotropic function, dual role (pro-survival and pro-death) and crosstalk with important molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis. Moreover, current review provides a pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of autophagy in breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Abbasi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esmaeili
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ghahremanzade
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Tunali G, Yanik H, Ozturk SC, Demirkol-Canli S, Efthymiou G, Yilmaz KB, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Esendagli G. A positive feedback loop driven by fibronectin and IL-1β sustains the inflammatory microenvironment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:27. [PMID: 36922898 PMCID: PMC10015813 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory alterations of the extracellular matrix shape the tumor microenvironment and promote all stages of carcinogenesis. This study aims to determine the impact of cellular fibronectin on inflammatory facets of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer. Cellular fibronectin (FN) harboring the alternatively spliced extra domain A (FN-EDA) was determined to be a matrix component produced by the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. High levels of FN-EDA correlated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β enhanced the expression of cellular fibronectin including FN-EDA. TAMs were frequently observed in the tumor areas rich in FN-EDA. Conditioned media from TNBC cells induced the differentiation of CD206+CD163+ macrophages and stimulated the STAT3 pathway, ex vivo. In the macrophages, the STAT3 pathway enhanced FN-EDA-induced IL-1β secretion and NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, our data indicate a self-reinforcing mechanism sustained by FN-EDA and IL-1β through NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in TAMs which fosters an inflammatory environment in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Tunali
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey. .,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hamdullah Yanik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Can Ozturk
- Research and Application Center for Animal Experiments, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Demirkol-Canli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kerim Bora Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Chang Q, Fan L, Li M, Liu L. Novel diagnostic biomarkers of T cell-mediated tumor killing characteristics for early-stage triple negative breast cancer: A SEER analysis and molecular portraits. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33059. [PMID: 36827041 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective was to investigate the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and clinical survival to identify potential transcriptome biomarkers to promote early diagnosis and screening of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients (E-TNBC) and late-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients (L-TNBC) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2019. The difference in cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) between E-TNBC and L-TNBC was analyzed via a Kaplan-Meier plotter. 118 triple-negative breast cancer samples and 114 normal samples with the RNA sequencing expression data were selected from the cohort of TCGA breast cancer from UCSC Xena Database. The study involved 13,690 patients with L-TNBC and 44,994 patients with E-TNBC. L-TNBC patients were more frequently to be ≤ 60 years old (54.9% vs 52.2%), multiple primary site (44.0% vs 30.1%), and were more likely to receive radiotherapy (49.6% vs 47.4%) and chemotherapy (81.1% vs 72.1%), while L-TNBC patients were less likely to be white (68.7% vs 73.0%), married or with domestic partner (46.7% vs 54.7%), poorly differentiated grade (54.0% vs 61.9%), < 3 months from diagnosis to treatment (91.6% vs 96.4%), and were less likely to receive surgery (72.3% vs 95.4%). Stage-stratified survival analysis revealed that the prognosis of L-TNBC was worse when compared to E-TNBC, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that there were striking differences in OS and CSS between E-TNBC and L-TNBC. In the multivariable regression models, L-TNBC was the single highest risk factor, with a death risk that was 4.741 and 6.074 times higher than E-TNBC in terms of OS and CSS, respectively. The results also showed that treatment with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy was effective for a better prognosis. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the top 5 upregulated genes in L-TNBC were, respectively, ISX, ALOX15B, MADCAM1, TP63, and ARG1 compared with E-TNBC. And the top 5 downregulated genes were, respectively, CTAG1B, CT45A1, MAGEC2, TFF2, and TNFRSF11B. The L-TNBC exhibited a lower rate of survival than E-TNBC, and the 2 groups differed in terms of transcriptome characteristics. To date, the diagnostic value of T cell-mediated tumor killing portraits on E-TNBC may not be completely recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Khatun S, Pebam M, Putta CL, Rengan AK. Camptothecin loaded casein nanosystem for tuning the therapeutic efficacy against highly metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2518-2530. [PMID: 36779378 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01814d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The heterogenic of TNBC and the side effects of chemo drugs lead to the failure of therapy. Protein-based nanoplatforms have emerged as an important domain in protein-engineered biomedicine for delivering anticancer therapeutics. Protein-based nanosystems are biocompatible and biodegradable, with a long half-life and high purity. TNBC is sensitive to DNA-damaging chemo drugs. In this study, we used 10-hydroxy camptothecin, which causes DNA damage in cancer cells. However, the inappropriate solubility and toxic side effects limit its application in cancer therapy. We encapsulated 10-Hydroxycamptothecin in biocompatible casein by synthesizing nanoparticles from it. The synthesized CS and CCS NPs showed excellent biocompatibility in fibroblast cell lines L929, NIH-3T3, and zebrafish embryos. Enhanced uptake of CCS NPs in zebrafish embryos and 4T1 cells, cancer cell toxicity of nearly 80-85%, sub-cellular mitochondrial localization, alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential, lysosomal localization, and reactive oxygen species generation that causes cancer cell apoptosis have been observed. Growth inhibition of 4T1 cell colonies and antimetastatic activity were also noted. Further upregulation of γ-H2AX which causes DNA damage, downregulation of the PARP protein related to DNA repair, and increased level of the CHOP protein marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death were observed. The 3-D model of 4T1 cells exhibited deep tumor penetration with significant therapeutic efficacy for CCS NPs. These results imply that casein-based nanoformulation could open a new scope for safe and affordable cancer therapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajmina Khatun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Monika Pebam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Chandra Lekha Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
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20
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Akhouayri L, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Gregnanin I, Crivelli F, Laurora S, Liscia D, Leone F, Santoro A, Mulè A, Guarino D, Maggiore C, Carlino A, Magno S, Scatolini M, Di Leone A, Masetti R, Chiorino G. Identification of a minimum number of genes to predict triple-negative breast cancer subgroups from gene expression profiles. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 36536459 PMCID: PMC9764480 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very heterogeneous disease. Several gene expression and mutation profiling approaches were used to classify it, and all converged to the identification of distinct molecular subtypes, with some overlapping across different approaches. However, a standardised tool to routinely classify TNBC in the clinics and guide personalised treatment is lacking. We aimed at defining a specific gene signature for each of the six TNBC subtypes proposed by Lehman et al. in 2011 (basal-like 1 (BL1); basal-like 2 (BL2); mesenchymal (M); immunomodulatory (IM); mesenchymal stem-like (MSL); and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)), to be able to accurately predict them. METHODS Lehman's TNBCtype subtyping tool was applied to RNA-sequencing data from 482 TNBC (GSE164458), and a minimal subtype-specific gene signature was defined by combining two class comparison techniques with seven attribute selection methods. Several machine learning algorithms for subtype prediction were used, and the best classifier was applied on microarray data from 72 Italian TNBC and on the TNBC subset of the BRCA-TCGA data set. RESULTS We identified two signatures with the 120 and 81 top up- and downregulated genes that define the six TNBC subtypes, with prediction accuracy ranging from 88.6 to 89.4%, and even improving after removal of the least important genes. Network analysis was used to identify highly interconnected genes within each subgroup. Two druggable matrix metalloproteinases were found in the BL1 and BL2 subsets, and several druggable targets were complementary to androgen receptor or aromatase in the LAR subset. Several secondary drug-target interactions were found among the upregulated genes in the M, IM and MSL subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our study took full advantage of available TNBC data sets to stratify samples and genes into distinct subtypes, according to gene expression profiles. The development of a data mining approach to acquire a large amount of information from several data sets has allowed us to identify a well-determined minimal number of genes that may help in the recognition of TNBC subtypes. These genes, most of which have been previously found to be associated with breast cancer, have the potential to become novel diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for specific TNBC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akhouayri
- grid.412148.a0000 0001 2180 2473Department of Biomedical Sciences, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II-Casablanca University, Casablanca, Morocco ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Crivelli
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy ,Clinical Research Division, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Sara Laurora
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Daniele Liscia
- Pathology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Oncology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maggiore
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Carlino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Scatolini
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
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21
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Yue J, Chen ZS, Xu XX, Li S. Functions and therapeutic potentials of exosomes in osteosarcoma. ACTA MATERIA MEDICA 2022; 1:552-562. [PMID: 36710945 PMCID: PMC9879305 DOI: 10.15212/amm-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of the skeleton with the morbidity of 2.5 in 1 million. The regularly on-set is in the epiphysis of the extremities with a high possibility of early metastasis, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. The survival rate of patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma remains low, and novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles 30-150 nm in diameter secreted by various cells that are widely present in various body fluids. Exosomes are abundant in biologically active components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Exosomes participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes via intercellular substance exchange and signaling. This review presents the novel findings of exosomes in osteosarcoma in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, PR China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY,United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
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22
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Peterko AC, Rajković-Molek K, Gulić T, Vujaklija DV, Lovasić IB, Lovasić F, Mustać E, Avirović M. HSP70 In triple negative breast cancer: Prognostic value and clinical significance. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154127. [PMID: 36174439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and the highest immunogenic potential of all breast cancer subtypes. It is characterized by a lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as HER2. A major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). A chaperone heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved in several pathways that enable tumour growth and progression, as well as in immune modulation. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of HSP70 expression in immune cells, as well as expression of immunosuppressive markers CTLA4 and PD-L1 and major TILs components: CD8, CD4 and Tregs were analyzed in the superficial and deep tumor layer of primary TNBC and compared with established clinicopathological parameters. Clinical data and surgical tissue samples from 68 TNBC patients who underwent initial surgery were included in the analysis and 36 control samples from benign breast tissue biopsies. RESULTS A higher expression of TILs, CD4, CD8 and PD-L1 was found in the invasive tumor front (ITF), as compared to the tumor center (TC) (p < 0001). HSP70 positive immune cells (HSP70(+) IC) in TC were associated with adverse clinical and pathological markers: higher stage of disease (P = 0.013), higher grade (P = 0.05) and a higher pN status (P < 0.001). In addition, higher expression of HSP70(+) IC from TC was correlated with the higher expression of FOXP3(+)T cells both in ITF (N = 61, rho=0.42, p < 0.001) and in metastatic tissue from the draining lymph nodes (N = 13, rho=0.61, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION Correlations between HSP70 immune cells expression and individual TILs components support the hypothesis of its active role in inducing immunosuppression and tumor progression. Routine determination of HSP70 expression, in immune cells of TC, may be of added value in the clinical decision-making process concerning axillary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Car Peterko
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Rajković-Molek
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Tamara Gulić
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Immunology and Pathophysiology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Ingrid Belac Lovasić
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Franjo Lovasić
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Elvira Mustać
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Manuela Avirović
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rijeka, Croatia; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Rijeka, Croatia
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23
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Gao X, Gao B, Li S. Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002742. [PMID: 36211364 PMCID: PMC9539319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer that is highly prevalent among adolescents and adults below the age of 20 years. The prognostic outcome of metastatic OS or relapse is extremely poor; thus, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating OS is necessary. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30–150 nm in diameter are commonly produced in different cells and are found in various types of body fluids. EVs are rich in biologically active components like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They also strongly affect pathophysiological processes by modulating the intercellular signaling pathways and the exchange of biomolecules. Many studies have found that EVs influence the occurrence, development, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The regulation of inflammatory communication pathways by EVs affects OS and other bone-related pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings related to diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the development of treatment strategies for OS from the perspective of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Li, ;
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24
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Chang Q, Chang L, Li M, Fan L, Bao S, Wang X, Liu L. Nanobiotherapeutic strategies to target immune microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4083-4102. [PMID: 36225648 PMCID: PMC9548023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype with the least favourable outcomes in breast cancer. Besides chemotherapy, there is a chronic lack of other effective treatments. Advances in omic technologies have liberated us from the ambiguity of TNBC heterogeneity in terms of cancer cell and immune microenvironment in recent years. This new understanding of TNBC pathology has already led to the exploitation of novel nanoparticulate systems, including tumor vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and antibody derivatives. The revolutionary ideas in the therapeutic landscape provide new opportunities for TNBC patients. Translating these experimental medicines into clinical benefit is both appreciated and challenging. In this review, we describe the prospective nanobiotherapy of TNBC that has been developed to overcome clinical obstacles, and provide our vision for this booming field at the overlap of cancer biotherapy and nanomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Xi’an Technological UniversityXi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Mo Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shunchao Bao
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
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25
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Araujo JM, De la Cruz-Ku G, Cornejo M, Doimi F, Dyer R, Gomez HL, Pinto JA. Prognostic Capability of TNBC 3-Gene Score among Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174286. [PMID: 36077821 PMCID: PMC9454544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and molecularly heterogeneous entity, with the poorest outcome compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Previously, we developed a TNBC 3-gene score with a significant prognostic capability. This study aims to test the 3-gene score in the different TNBC subtypes. Methods: Data from 204 TNBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrieved from public datasets and pooled (GSE25066, GSE58812, and GSE16446). After removing batch effects, cases were classified into Lehman’s TNBC subtypes and then the TNBC 3-gene score was used to evaluate the risk of distant recurrence in each subgroup. In addition, the association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) levels was evaluated in a retrospective group of 72 TNBC cases. Results: The TNBC 3-gene score was able to discriminate patients with different risks within the pooled cohort (HR = 2.41 for high vs. low risk; 95%CI: 1.50−3.86). The score showed predictive capability in the immunomodulatory subtype (HR = 4.16; 95%CI: 1.63−10.60) and in the mesenchymal stem-like subtype (HR = 18.76; 95%CI: 1.68−208.97). In the basal-like 1, basal-like-2, and mesenchymal subtypes, the observed differential risk patterns showed no statistical significance. The score had poor predictive capability in the luminal androgen receptor subtype (p = 0.765). In addition, a low TNBC 3-gene score was related to a high level of TIL infiltration (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The TNBC 3-gene score is able to predict the risk of distant recurrence in TNBC patients, specifically in the immunomodulatory and mesenchymal stem-like subtype. Despite a small sample size in each subgroup, an improved prognostic capability was seen in TNBC subtypes with tumor-infiltrating components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhajaira M. Araujo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA Ideas, Lima 15036, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Gabriel De la Cruz-Ku
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
- Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Melanie Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA Ideas, Lima 15036, Peru
| | - Franco Doimi
- Departamento de Patología, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima 15036, Peru
| | - Richard Dyer
- Departamento de Patología, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima 15036, Peru
| | - Henry L. Gomez
- Departamento de Medicina Oncológica, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima 15036, Peru
| | - Joseph A. Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA Ideas, Lima 15036, Peru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-1-5137900 (ext. 2231)
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26
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Zhang X, Ge X, Jiang T, Yang R, Li S. Research progress on immunotherapy in triple‑negative breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:95. [PMID: 35762339 PMCID: PMC9256074 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy. Due to the absence of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors and the lack of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, TNBC responds poorly to endocrine and targeted therapies. As a neoadjuvant therapy, chemotherapy is usually the only option for TNBC; however, chemotherapy may induce tumor resistance. The emergence of immunotherapy as an adjuvant therapy is expected to make up for the deficiency of chemotherapy. Most of the research on immunotherapies has been performed on advanced metastatic TNBC, which has provided significant clinical benefits. In the present review, possible immunotherapy targets and ongoing immunotherapy strategies were discussed. In addition, progress in research on immune checkpoint inhibitors in early TNBC was outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tinghan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ruming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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27
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Su YC, Wang CC, Weng JH, Yeh SA, Chen PJ, Hwang TZ, Chen HC. 5-Methoxytryptophan Sensitizing Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell to Cisplatitn Through Inhibiting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Front Oncol 2022; 12:834941. [PMID: 35936759 PMCID: PMC9353643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer of the oral cavity. Cisplatin (CDDP) is the ideal chemo-radiotherapy used for several tumor types, but resistance to the drug has become a major obstacle in treating patients with HNSCC. 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a 5-methoxyindole metabolite of tryptophan metabolism, reduces inflammation-mediated proliferation and metastasis. This study aimed to assess the anti-oral cancer activity of 5-MTP when used alone or in combination with CDDP. Results showed that CDDP dose dependently reduced the growth of SSC25 cells but not 5-MTP. The combination of CDDP and 5-MTP exerted additional inhibitory effect on the growth of SSC25 cells by attenuating the phosphorylation of STAT3. In the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced oral cancer mouse model, 5-MTP sensitized the reduction effect of CDDP on tumorigenesis, which restricted the tongue tissue in hyperkeratotic lesion rather than squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of CDDP and 5-MTP may be a potent therapeutic strategy for HNSCC patients with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsi Weng
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-An Yeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Zen Hwang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Huang-Chi Chen,
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28
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Bard JE, Nowak NJ, Buck MJ, Sinha S. Multimodal Dimension Reduction and Subtype Classification of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892207. [PMID: 35912202 PMCID: PMC9326399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional analysis of genomic data from bulk sequencing experiments seek to group and compare sample cohorts into biologically meaningful groups. To accomplish this task, large scale databases of patient-derived samples, like that of TCGA, have been established, giving the ability to interrogate multiple data modalities per tumor. We have developed a computational strategy employing multimodal integration paired with spectral clustering and modern dimension reduction techniques such as PHATE to provide a more robust method for cancer sub-type classification. Using this integrated approach, we have examined 514 Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSC) tumor samples from TCGA across gene-expression, DNA-methylation, and microbiome data modalities. We show that these approaches, primarily developed for single-cell sequencing can be efficiently applied to bulk tumor sequencing data. Our multimodal analysis captures the dynamic heterogeneity, identifies new and refines subtypes of HNSC, and orders tumor samples along well-defined cellular trajectories. Collectively, these results showcase the inherent molecular complexity of tumors and offer insights into carcinogenesis and importance of targeted therapy. Computational techniques as highlighted in our study provide an organic and powerful approach to identify granular patterns in large and noisy datasets that may otherwise be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Bard
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Norma J. Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Michael J. Buck, ; Satrajit Sinha,
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Michael J. Buck, ; Satrajit Sinha,
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29
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Xu M, Lu JH, Zhong YZ, Jiang J, Shen YZ, Su JY, Lin SY. Immunogenic Cell Death-Relevant Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Sensing Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870914. [PMID: 35444934 PMCID: PMC9013947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a highly aggressive type of breast cancer which lacks specific biomarkers and drug targets. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may influence the outcome of immunotherapy for TNBC patients. This study aims to develop a DAMPs gene signature to classify TNBC patients and to further predict their prognosis and immunotherapy outcome. Methods We identified the DAMPs-associated subtypes of 330 TNBCs using K-means analysis. Differences in immune status, genomic alterations, and predicted immunotherapy outcome were compared among each subtype. Results A total of 330 TNBCs were divided into three subtypes according to DAMPs gene expression: the nuclear DAMPs subtype, featuring the upregulation of nuclear DAMPs; the inflammatory DAMPs subtype, characterized by the gene set enrichment of the adaptive immune system and cytokine signaling in the immune system; and the DAMPs-suppressed subtype, having the lowest level of ICD-associated DAMPs. Among them, the inflammatory subtype patients had the most favorable survival, while the DAMPs-suppressed subtype was associated with the worst prognosis. The DAMPs subtyping system was successfully validated in the TCGA cohort. Furthermore, we systemically revealed the genomic alterations among the three DAMPs subtypes. The inflammatory DAMPs subtype was predicted to have the highest response rate to immunotherapy, suggesting that the constructed DAMPs clustering had potential for immunotherapy efficacy prediction. Conclusion We established a novel ICD-associated DAMPs subtyping system in TNBC, and DAMPs expression might be a valuable biomarker for immunotherapy strategies. Our work could be helpful to the development of new immunomodulators and may contribute to the development of precision immunotherapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Hua Lu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Yang Su
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng-You Lin
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Gallyas F, Ramadan FHJ, Andreidesz K, Hocsak E, Szabo A, Tapodi A, Kiss GN, Fekete K, Bognar R, Szanto A, Bognar Z. Involvement of Mitochondrial Mechanisms and Cyclooxygenase-2 Activation in the Effect of Desethylamiodarone on 4T1 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031544. [PMID: 35163464 PMCID: PMC8836269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel compounds significantly interfering with the mitochondrial energy production may have therapeutic value in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This criterion is clearly fulfilled by desethylamiodarone (DEA), which is a major metabolite of amiodarone, a widely used antiarrhythmic drug, since the DEA previously demonstrated anti-neoplastic, anti-metastasizing, and direct mitochondrial effects in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, the more than fifty years of clinical experience with amiodarone should answer most of the safety concerns about DEA. Accordingly, in the present study, we investigated DEA’s potential in TNBC by using a TN and a hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC cell line. DEA reduced the viability, colony formation, and invasive growth of the 4T1 cell line and led to a higher extent of the MCF-7 cell line. It lowered mitochondrial transmembrane potential and induced mitochondrial fragmentation. On the other hand, DEA failed to significantly affect various parameters of the cellular energy metabolism as determined by a Seahorse live cell respirometer. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which was upregulated by DEA in the TNBC cell line only, accounted for most of 4T1’s DEA resistance, which was counteracted by the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. All these data indicate that DEA may have potentiality in the therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- LERN-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fadi H. J. Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Kitti Andreidesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Antal Tapodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Gyongyi N. Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Rita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Arpad Szanto
- Urology Clinic, UP Medical Center, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-276
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Gong M, Liu X, Yang W, Song H, Zhao X, Ai X, Wang S, Wang H. Identification of a Lipid Metabolism-Associated Gene Signature Predicting Survival in Breast Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9503-9513. [PMID: 34916832 PMCID: PMC8668231 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s343426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metabolism and specifically lipid metabolism play an important role in breast cancer (BC) progression and metastasis. However, the role of lipid metabolism-associated genes (LMGs) in the prognosis of breast cancer remains unknown. Methods The expression profiles and clinical follow-up information of 1053 BC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and metabolic genes were downloaded from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) dataset. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed on the differentially expressed metabolism-related genes. Then, the formula of the metabolism-related risk model was composed, and the risk score of each patient was calculated. The breast cancer patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups with a cutoff of the median expression value of the risk score, and the prognostic analysis was also used to analyze the survival time between these two groups. Finally, we analyzed the expression, interaction and correlation among the lipid metabolism-associated genes risk model. Results The results from the prognostic analysis indicated that the survival was significantly poorer in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group in TCGA, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) shows it is plausible that lipid metabolism is highly correlated with tumor immunity. Conclusion Lipid metabolism-associated genes may become a new prognostic indicator predicting the survival of BC patients. The prognostic genes (n = 16) may help provide new strategies for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Gong
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of International Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Song
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancheng Ai
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
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Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapies: Mechanisms That Affect Antitumor Immune Response and Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225655. [PMID: 34830808 PMCID: PMC8616397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Hyaluronan Functions in Wound Repair That Are Captured to Fuel Breast Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111551. [PMID: 34827550 PMCID: PMC8615562 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling from an actively remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) has emerged as a critical factor in regulating both the repair of tissue injuries and the progression of diseases such as metastatic cancer. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the ECM that normally functions in tissue injury to sequentially promote then suppress inflammation and fibrosis, a duality in which is featured, and regulated in, wound repair. These essential response-to-injury functions of HA in the microenvironment are hijacked by tumor cells for invasion and avoidance of immune detection. In this review, we first discuss the numerous size-dependent functions of HA and emphasize the multifunctional nature of two of its receptors (CD44 and RHAMM) in regulating the signaling duality of HA in excisional wound healing. This is followed by a discussion of how HA metabolism is de-regulated in malignant progression and how targeting HA might be used to better manage breast cancer progression.
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