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Tawil S, Khaddage-Soboh N. Cancer research in Lebanon: Scope of the most recent publications of an academic institution (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:350. [PMID: 38872861 PMCID: PMC11170263 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer may be considered one of the most interesting areas of study, and although oncology research has grown markedly over the last decade, there is as yet no known cure for cancer. The objective of the present review is to examine various approaches to cancer research from a single institution, summarize their key conclusions and offer recommendations for future evaluations. The review examined 72 cancer-associated studies that were published within six years from 2017 to 2022. Published works in the subject fields of 'cancer' or 'oncology' and 'research' that were indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were retrieved and sorted according to article title, author names, author count, citation count and key words. After screening, a total of 28 in vitro/animal studies and 46 patient-associated published studies were obtained. A large proportion of these studies comprised literature reviews (20/72), while 20 studies were observational in nature. The 72 publications included 23 in which various types of cancer were examined, while the remaining studies focused on specific types of cancer, including lung, breast, colon and brain cancer. These studies aimed to investigate the incidence, prevalence, treatment and prevention mechanisms associated with cancer. Despite the existence of extensive cancer research, scientists seldom contemplate an ultimate cure for cancer. However, it is crucial to continuously pursue research on cancer prevention and treatment in order to enhance the effectiveness and minimize potential side effects of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Tawil
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Nada Khaddage-Soboh
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
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Sánchez‐Iglesias JL, Morales‐Coma C, Minig L, Lago V, Domingo S, Mancebo G, Siegrist J, Fidalgo García MS, Llueca A, Serra A, Cobas Lozano P, Lekuona Artola A, Gómez‐Hidalgo NR, Acosta Ú, Ferrer‐Costa R, Bradbury M, Pérez‐Benavente A, Gil‐Moreno A. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early markers of anastomotic leakage in intestinal resections for advanced ovarian cancer (EDMOCS). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:1302-1310. [PMID: 38532280 PMCID: PMC11168259 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serum levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been used to predict anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery, but information is scarce in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) surgery with bowel resection. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of procalcitonin and CRP in detecting anastomotic leakage after AOC surgery with bowel resection. The study also aimed to determine the optimal postoperative reference values and the best day for evaluating these markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective, observational and multicentric trial included 92 patients with AOC undergoing debulking surgery with bowel resection between 2017 and 2020 in 10 reference hospitals in Spain. Procalcitonin and CRP levels were measured at baseline and on postoperative days 1-6. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of procalcitonin and CRP at each postoperative day. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS Anastomotic leakage was detected in six patients (6.5%). Procalcitonin and CRP values were consistently higher in patients with anastomotic leakage at all postoperative days. The maximum area under the curve (AUC) for procalcitonin was observed at postoperative day 1 (AUC = 0.823) with a cutoff value of 3.8 ng/mL (83.3% sensitivity, 81.3% specificity). For CRP, the maximum AUC was found at postoperative day 3 (AUC = 0.833) with a cutoff level of 30.5 mg/dL (100% sensitivity, 80.4% specificity). CONCLUSIONS Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein are potential biomarkers for early detection of anastomotic leakage after ovarian cancer surgery with bowel resection. Further prospective studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sánchez‐Iglesias
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Lucas Minig
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyIMED HospitalValenciaSpain
- Department of GynecologyCEU Cardenal Herrera UniversityValenciaSpain
| | - Víctor Lago
- Department of GynecologyCEU Cardenal Herrera UniversityValenciaSpain
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyLa Fe University HospitalValenciaSpain
| | - Santiago Domingo
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyLa Fe University HospitalValenciaSpain
| | - Gemma Mancebo
- Gynecological Cancer Multidisciplinary UnitHospital del MarBarcelonaSpain
- Department of GynecologyUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jaime Siegrist
- Oncologic Gynecology Unit, Department of GynecologyLa Paz University HospitalMadridSpain
| | | | - Antoni Llueca
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Abdominal Pelvic Oncology SurgeryHospital General Universitario de CastellonCastellónSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversidad Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Anna Serra
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Abdominal Pelvic Oncology SurgeryHospital General Universitario de CastellonCastellónSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversidad Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Paloma Cobas Lozano
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHospital Universitario Donostia, OSI DonostialdeDonostiaSpain
| | - Arantza Lekuona Artola
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHospital Universitario Donostia, OSI DonostialdeDonostiaSpain
| | | | - Úrsula Acosta
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roser Ferrer‐Costa
- Department of BiochemistryVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Melissa Bradbury
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Assumpció Pérez‐Benavente
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonio Gil‐Moreno
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Shi H, Zeng T, Liang Q, Yang J, Chen R, Wu S, Duan N, Zhao J, Li G, Yin Y. Multiplex Assay of Cytokines with Tunable Detection Ranges for the Precise Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3662-3671. [PMID: 38363802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Precise profiling of the cytokine panel consisting of different levels of cytokines can provide personalized information about several diseases at certain stages. In this study, we have designed and fabricated an "all-in-one" diagnostic tool kit to bioassay multiple inflammatory cytokines ranging from picograms per milliliter to μg/mL in a small cytokine panel. Taking advantage of the kit fabricated by the DNA-encoded assembly of nanocatalysts in dynamic regulation and signal amplification, we have demonstrated the multiplex, visual, and quantitative detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with limits of detection of 1.6 ng/mL (61.54 pM), 20 pg/mL (1.57 pM), and 4 pg/mL (0.19 pM), respectively. This diagnostic tool kit can work well with commercial kits for detecting serum cytokines from breast cancer patients treated with immunotherapies. Furthermore, a small cytokine panel composed of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 is revealed to be significantly heterogeneous in each patient and highly dynamic for different treatment courses, showing promise as a panel of quantitative biomarker candidates for individual treatments. So, our work may provide a versatile diagnostic tool kit for the visual detection of clinical biomarkers with an adjustable broad detection range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Women & Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Ningjun Duan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
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C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and a Novel Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Target of Thrombocytopenia in Sepsis. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:2498435. [PMID: 36254312 PMCID: PMC9569219 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2498435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, and drug sensitivity information of adult sepsis, and to provide reference for empirical clinical use; to explore the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and calcitonin (PCT) The clinical value in the diagnosis of adult sepsis. Methods. We collected 455 cases of hospitalized patients with positive blood culture, including 352 cases with sepsis and 103 cases without sepsis; 1609 cases of hospitalized patients with suspected infection and negative blood culture, including 287 cases of sepsis, and 518 cases of non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 804 cases of local infection. Age, gender, route of admission, admission status, CRP, PCT, and white blood cell (WBC) levels were collected from the patients. The differences between the factors were statistically analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to obtain the optimal cut-off values of CRP and PCT and their area under the curve (AUC), and to compare the CRP, PCT and PCT, and the CRP + PCT tandem to diagnose sepsis sensitivity and specificity. Results. (1) 387 pathogenic strains were isolated from blood cultures of patients with sepsis, 71.06% Gram-negative, 26.87% Gram-positive and 2.07% fungi. (2) Among Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was 87.5% resistant to penicillin and sensitive to vancomycin, milantropine, and teicoplanin; among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was resistant to piracillin The resistance rate was 73.1%, fully susceptible to viraemia (100%) and resistant to imipenem, amikacin, and lacillin/tazole. (3) Among patients with positive blood cultures, CRP and PCT levels were higher in patients with sepsis than in those without sepsis. Pairwise comparison of ROC curves showed that the diagnostic value of PCT was greater than that of CRP (
). Conclusion. CRP and PCT have a good reference value for diagnosis of sepsis patients and determination of the degree of infection in septic patients, especially PCT is more valuable for diagnosis of sepsis.
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The ability of inflammatory markers to recognize infection in cancer patients with fever at admission. Immunol Res 2022; 70:667-677. [PMID: 35764901 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infection is one of the main causes of death in cancer patients. Accurate identification of fever caused by infection could avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and other commonly used inflammatory markers in suspected infected adult cancer patients with fever, for better use of antibiotics. This research retrospective analyzed the clinical data of 102 adult cancer patients with fever and compared the serum levels of commonly used inflammatory markers for different fever reasons. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses were performed. In adult cancer patients with fever, the serum PCT, CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 levels of infected patients were significantly higher than uninfected patients (median 1.19 ng/ml vs 0.14 ng/ml, 93.11 mg/l vs 56.55 mg/l, 123.74 pg/ml vs 47.35 pg/ml, 8.74 pg/ml vs 3.22 pg/ml; Mann-Whitney p = 0.000, p = 0.009, p = 0.004, p = 0.000, respectively). The ROC area under the curve(AUC) was 0.769 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.681-0.857; p = 0.000) for PCT, 0.664 (95% CI 0.554-0.775; p = 0.009) for CRP, 0.681(95% CI 0.576-0.785; p = 0.004) for IL-6, and 0.731(95% CI 0.627-0.834; p = 0.000) for IL-10. PCT had specificity of 96.67% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.6%, when the cut-off value is set as 0.69 ng/ml. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels also had significant differences between the infected and uninfected cancer patients with advanced disease (median 128.92 pg/ml vs 36.40 pg/ml, 8.05 pg/ml vs 2.92 pg/ml; Mann-Whitney p = 0.003, p = 0.001, respectively). For the patients with neutropenia, IL-6 and IL-10 had higher AUC of 0.811 and 0.928, respectively. With a cut-off of 9.10 pg/ml, IL-10 had the highest sensitivity 83.33% and specificity 100%. In adult cancer patients, PCT had the best performance compared to CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 in differentiating infected from uninfected causes of fever, with high specificity and PPV. IL-6 and IL-10 might be useful in cancer patients with severe bloodstream infections and advanced disease. However, for patients with neutropenia, IL-10 might be more valuable than PCT in diagnosing infection.
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Dagher H, Chaftari AM, Mulanovich P, Jiang Y, Hachem R, Malek AE, Borjan J, Viola GM, Raad I. Procalcitonin for antimicrobial stewardship among cancer patients admitted with COVID-19. eLife 2022; 11:81151. [PMID: 36541589 PMCID: PMC9788806 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Procalcitonin (PCT) has been used to guide antibiotic therapy in bacterial infections. We aimed to determine the role of PCT in decreasing the duration of empiric antibiotic therapy among cancer patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective study included cancer patients admitted to our institution for COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and June 28, 2021, with a PCT test done within 72 hr after admission. Patients were divided into two groups: PCT <0.25 ng/ml and PCT ≥0.25 ng/ml. We assessed pertinent cultures, antibacterial use, and duration of empiric antibacterial therapy. Results The study included 530 patients (median age, 62 years [range, 13-91]). All the patients had ≥1 culture test within 7 days following admission. Patients with PCT <0.25 ng/ml were less likely to have a positive culture than were those with PCT ≥0.25 ng/ml (6% [20/358] vs. 17% [30/172]; p<0.0001). PCT <0.25 ng/ml had a high negative predictive value for bacteremia and 30 day mortality. Patients with PCT <0.25 ng/ml were less likely to receive intravenous (IV) antibiotics for >72 hr than were patients with PCT ≥0.25 ng/ml (45% [162/358] vs. 69% [119/172]; p<0.0001). Among patients with PCT <0.25 ng/ml and negative cultures, 30 day mortality was similar between those who received IV antibiotics for ≥72 hr and those who received IV antibiotics for shorter durations (2% [2/111] vs. 3% [5/176], p=0.71). Conclusions Among cancer patients with COVID-19, PCT level <0.25 ng/ml is associated with lower likelihood of bacterial co-infection and greater likelihood of a shorter antibiotic course. In patients with PCT level <0.25 ng/ml and negative cultures, an antibiotic course of >72 hr may not be necessary. PCT could be useful in enhancing antimicrobial stewardship in cancer patients with COVID-19. Funding This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute under award number P30CA016672, which supports MD Anderson Cancer Center's Clinical Trials Office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Dagher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Anne-Marie Chaftari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Patricia Mulanovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Ray Hachem
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Alexandre E Malek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Jovan Borjan
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - George M Viola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Issam Raad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
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Zhu Q, Li H, Zheng S, Wang B, Li M, Zeng W, Zhou L, Guan Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Gao Y, Qiu S, Chen C, Yang S, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Ruan G, Pan X. IL-6 and IL-10 Are Associated With Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria Infection in Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856039. [PMID: 35432366 PMCID: PMC9011156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in patients with lymphoma during the myelosuppression stage of infection. 52 patients with gram-negative bacterial infection (G- group), 49 patients with gram-positive bacterial infection (G+ group), 51 uninfected patients with lymphoma (uninfected group) and 20 healthy controls (healthy group) were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the quantification of Th1/Th2 cytokines with flow cytometry bead assay (CBA) in the sera to explore a rapid diagnostic method to determine the type of infection and anti-infective effect. The levels of procalcitonin (PCT) were also detected simultaneously. The four groups did not differ with regard to IL-2 and IL-4 (P>0.05). The IFN-γ and TNF-α levels of patients with lymphoma were higher than those of healthy controls (P<0.05). There was significantly upregulated IL-6 and IL-10 expression in the G- group (P<0.001). A similar trend was reflected in the IL-6 of the G+ group, which was significantly increased (P<0.001). However, no significant upregulation was observed for IL-10 in the G+ group. According to the different degrees of increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels, We proposed to use the G- Bacterial Infection Cytokine Profile (G- BICP) and the G+ Bacterial Infection Cytokine Profile (G+ BICP) for the first time to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive (G-/G+) bacterial infection in adults with lymphoma in the myelosuppression stage after chemotherapy. The IL-6, IL-10 and PCT in the G- group and the IL-6, PCT in the G+ group were significantly decreased at day 4 and day 8 compared with those at day 1. IL-6 and IL-10 are closely associated with the severity and treatment efficacy in adults with lymphomas who develop infections after chemotherapy and can help distinguish between G- and G+ bacterial infections at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyi Pan, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebing Guan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiu Qiu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaolun Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimei Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuemei Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqiao Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyi Pan, ; Bin Wang,
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