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Copeland-Hardin L, Paunesku T, Murley JS, Crentsil J, Antipova O, Li L, Maxey E, Jin Q, Hooper D, Lai B, Chen S, Woloschak GE. Proof of principle study: synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy for identification of previously radioactive microparticles and elemental mapping of FFPE tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7806. [PMID: 37179410 PMCID: PMC10183016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobanks containing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from animals and human atomic-bomb survivors exposed to radioactive particulates remain a vital resource for understanding the molecular effects of radiation exposure. These samples are often decades old and prepared using harsh fixation processes which limit sample imaging options. Optical imaging of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissues may be the only feasible processing option, however, H&E images provide no information about radioactive microparticles or radioactive history. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) is a robust, non-destructive, semi-quantitative technique for elemental mapping and identifying candidate chemical element biomarkers in FFPE tissues. Still, XFM has never been used to uncover distribution of formerly radioactive micro-particulates in FFPE canine specimens collected more than 30 years ago. In this work, we demonstrate the first use of low-, medium-, and high-resolution XFM to generate 2D elemental maps of ~ 35-year-old, canine FFPE lung and lymph node specimens stored in the Northwestern University Radiobiology Archive documenting distribution of formerly radioactive micro-particulates. Additionally, we use XFM to identify individual microparticles and detect daughter products of radioactive decay. The results of this proof-of-principle study support the use of XFM to map chemical element composition in historic FFPE specimens and conduct radioactive micro-particulate forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letonia Copeland-Hardin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Murley
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jasson Crentsil
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - LuXi Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Evan Maxey
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Qiaoling Jin
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - David Hooper
- Nuclear Nonproliferation Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Luo Y, Paunesku T, Antipova O, Liu Y, Zaluzec NJ, Di Z, Woloschak G, Chen S. A reliable workflow for improving nanoscale X-ray fluorescence tomographic analysis on nanoparticle-treated HeLa cells. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac025. [PMID: 35751648 PMCID: PMC9434635 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tomography provides powerful characterization capabilities in evaluating elemental distribution and differentiating their inter- and intra-cellular interactions in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Scanning XRF tomography encounters practical challenges from the sample itself, where the range of rotation angles is limited by geometric constraints, involving sample substrates or nearby features either blocking or converging into the field of view. This study aims to develop a reliable and efficient workflow that can (1) expand the experimental window for nanoscale tomographic analysis of local areas of interest within a laterally extended specimen, and (2) bridge 3D analysis at micrometer and nanoscales on the same specimen. We demonstrate the workflow using a specimen of HeLa cells exposed to iron oxide core and titanium dioxide shell (Fe3O4/TiO2) nanocomposites. The workflow utilizes iterative and multiscale XRF data collection with intermediate sample processing by focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation between measurements at different length scales. Initial assessment combined with precise sample manipulation via FIB allows direct removal of sample regions that are obstacles to both incident X-ray beam and outgoing XRF signals, which considerably improves the subsequent nanoscale tomography analysis. This multiscale analysis workflow has advanced bio-nanotechnology studies by providing deep insights into the interaction between nanocomposites and single cells at a subcellular level as well as statistical assessments from measuring a population of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Luo
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nestor J Zaluzec
- Photon Sciences Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Zichao Di
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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