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Mohammad Faizal NDF, Ramli NA, Mat Rani NNI, Shaibie NA, Aarti, Poonsawas P, Sharma SK, Mohd Amin MCI. Leveraging immunoliposomes as nanocarriers against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100855. [PMID: 38125653 PMCID: PMC10730353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic arising from SARS-CoV-2 has impacted many lives, gaining interest worldwide ever since it was first identified in December 2019. Till 2023, 752 million cumulative cases and 6.8 million deaths were documented globally. COVID-19 has been rapidly evolving, affecting virus transmissibility and properties and contributing to increased disease severity. The Omicron is the most circulating variant of concern. Although success in its treatment has indicated progress in tackling the virus, limitations in delivering the current antiviral agents in battling emerging variants remain remarkable. With the latest advancements in nanotechnology for controlling infectious diseases, liposomes have the potential to counteract SARS-CoV-2 because of their ability to employ different targeting strategies, incorporating monoclonal antibodies for the active and passive targeting of infected patients. This review will present a concise summary of the possible strategies for utilizing immunoliposomes to improve current treatment against the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Dini Fatini Mohammad Faizal
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Afina Ramli
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP) No.3, Jalan Greentown, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nur Adania Shaibie
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Aarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Sunil K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Liu L, Gray JL, Tate EW, Yang A. Bacterial enzymes: powerful tools for protein labeling, cell signaling, and therapeutic discovery. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1385-1399. [PMID: 37328400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a diverse set of enzymes that enable them to subvert host defense mechanisms as well as to form part of the prokaryotic immune system. Due to their unique and varied biochemical activities, these bacterial enzymes have emerged as key tools for understanding and investigating biological systems. In this review, we summarize and discuss some of the most prominent bacterial enzymes used for the site-specific modification of proteins, in vivo protein labeling, proximity labeling, interactome mapping, signaling pathway manipulation, and therapeutic discovery. Finally, we provide a perspective on the complementary advantages and limitations of using bacterial enzymes compared with chemical probes for exploring biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Janine L Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Hong Y, Nam SM, Moon A. Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies targeting cancers: applications of click chemistry. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:131-148. [PMID: 36877356 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering approaches using antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapies and therapeutic antibodies such as drug resistance and non-specific toxicity. Cancer immunotherapies have been shown to be clinically successful with checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy; however, overactive immune systems still represent a major problem. Given the complexity of a tumor environment, it would be advantageous to have a strategy targeting two or more molecules. We highlight the necessity and importance of a multi-target platform strategy against cancer. Approximately 400 ADCs and over 200 bsAbs are currently being clinically developed for several indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. ADCs include antibodies that recognize tumor antigens, linkers that stably connect drugs, and powerful cytotoxic drugs, also known as payloads. ADCs have direct therapeutic effects by targeting cancers with a strong payload. Another type of drug that uses antibodies are bsAbs, targeting two antigens by linking to antigen recognition sites or bridging cytotoxic immune cells to tumor cells, resulting in cancer immunotherapy. Three bsAbs and one ADC have been approved for use by the FDA and the EMA in 2022. Among these, two of the bsAbs and the one ADC are used for cancers. We introduced that bsADC, a combination of ADC and bsAbs, has yet to be approved and several candidates are in the early stages of clinical development in this review. bsADCs technology helps increase the specificity of ADCs or the internalization and killing ability of bsAbs. We also briefly discuss the application of click chemistry in the efficient development of ADCs and bsAbs as a conjugation strategy. The present review summarizes the ADCs, bsAbs, and bsADCs that have been approved for anti-cancer or currently in development. These strategies selectively deliver drugs to malignant tumor cells and can be used as therapeutic approaches for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Su-Min Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea.
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Deng H, Niu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Wang Y, Yang J. Back on the scene: advances and challenges in CD3-related drugs in tumor therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2199-2208. [PMID: 35489674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD3 molecules are mainly distributed on the membrane of mature T cells. They are involved in T cell antigen recognition, signal transduction, and regulation of T cell development. CD3-related monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Nearly half of all bispecific antibodies developed are used in tumor therapy, one of which is CD3 antigen. In this review, we discuss the importance of biological function and the crucial role of CD3 in tumor therapy. We highlight the research status of antibodies and small molecules targeting CD3 to provide guidance for future drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhendong Niu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Jixuan Zhang
- Office of Supervision, Sichuan Development Holding Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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