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Xiao X, Tang L, Li C, Sun Z, Yao Q, Zhang GJ, Sun Y, Zhu F, Zhang Y. Cascade CRISPR/Cas12a and DSN for the electrochemical biosensing of miR-1246 in BC-derived exosomes. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108753. [PMID: 38833812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
MiR-1246 in breast cancer-derived exosomes was a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer(BC). However, the low abundance, high homology and complex background interference make the accurate quantitative detection of miR-1246 facing great challenges. In this study, we developed an electrochemical biosensor based on the subtly combined of CRISPR/Cas12a, double-stranded specific nuclease(DSN) and magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) for the detection of miR-1246 in BC-derived exosomes. Ascribed to the good synergistic effect of DSN, Cas12a and MNPs, the developed electrochemical biosensor exhibited excellent performance with the linear range from 500 aM to 5 pM, and the detection limit as low down to about 50 aM. The target-specific triggered enzyme-digest activity of DSN and Cas12a system, as well as the powerful separation ability of MNPs ensure the high specificity of developed electrochemical biosensor which can distinguish single base mismatches. In addition, the developed electrochemical biosensor has been successfully applied to detect miR-1246 in blood-derived exosomes and realize distinguishing the BC patients from the healthy individuals. It is expected that the well-designed biosensing platform will open up new avenues for clinical liquid biopsy and early screening of breast cancer, as well as provide deeper insights into clinical oncology treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Xiao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lina Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Chaoqing Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Zongyue Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Qunfeng Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China.
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2
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Jayaswal N, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Belagodu Sridhar S, Khalid A, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Alhazmi HA, Mohan S, Tambuwala MM. Precision arrows: Navigating breast cancer with nanotechnology siRNA. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124403. [PMID: 38944167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including siRNA, present an innovative approach to treating breast cancer, which disproportionately affects women. These systems enable personalized and targeted therapies, adept at managing drug resistance and minimizing off-target effects. This review delves into the current landscape of nanotechnology-derived siRNA transport systems for breast cancer treatment, discussing their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical research, therapeutic applications, challenges, and future prospects. Emphasis is placed on the importance of targeted delivery and precise gene silencing in improving therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. The review addresses specific hurdles such as specificity, biodistribution, immunological reactions, and regulatory approval, offering potential solutions and avenues for future research. SiRNA drug delivery systems hold promise in revolutionizing cancer care and improving patient outcomes, but realizing their full potential necessitates ongoing research, innovation, and collaboration. Understanding the intricacies of siRNA delivery mechanisms is pivotal for designing effective cancer treatments, overcoming challenges, and advancing siRNA-based therapies for various diseases, including cancer. The article provides a comprehensive review of the methods involved in siRNA transport for therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment, elucidating the complex journey of siRNA molecules from extracellular space to intracellular targets. Key mechanisms such as endocytosis, receptor-mediated uptake, and membrane fusion are explored, alongside innovative delivery vehicles and technologies that enhance siRNA delivery efficiency. Moreover, the article discusses challenges and opportunities in the field, including issues related to specificity, biodistribution, immune response, and clinical translation. By comprehending the mechanisms of siRNA delivery, researchers can design and develop more effective siRNA-based therapies for various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandani Jayaswal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahayogi Gorakhnath University, Gorakhpur, 273007, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 273007, India; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 273007, India
| | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
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3
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Sungu M, Isik M, Güler Ü, Eylem CC, Eskizengin H, Nemutlu E, Salih B, Derkus B. Manipulating macrophage polarization with nanoparticles to control metastatic behavior in heterotypic breast cancer micro-tissues via exosome signaling. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:394-410. [PMID: 38073471 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoparticles on macrophage polarization and their subsequent influence on post-tumorigenic behavior. Initially, seven different nanoparticles were applied to macrophages, and Zn-Ni-FeO (100 nm) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs, ∼25 nm) were found to induce M1-polarization in macrophages. A co-culture experiment was then conducted to examine the effects of macrophages on MCF-7 breast cancer micro-tissues. The M2-macrophages promoted tumor proliferation, while M1- and PdNPs-induced macrophages showed anti-tumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation. To reveal the mechanisms of effect, exosomes isolated from M1 (M1-Exo), M0 (M0-Exo), M2 (M2-Exo), and PdNPs-induced (PdNPs-Exo) macrophages were applied to the heterotypic tumor micro-tissues including MCF-7, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and primary human dermal fibroblasts (phDFs). M2-Exo was seen to promote the migration of cancer cells and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while M1-Exo suppressed these behaviors. PdNPs-Exo was effective in suppressing the aggressive nature of breast cancer cells similar to M1-Exo, moreover, the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was increased in combination with PdNPs-Exo in both MCF-7 and heterotypic micro-tissues. In conclusion, PdNPs-Exo has potential anti-tumor effects, can be used as a combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, as well as innovative implants for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sungu
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Melis Isik
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ülkü Güler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eskizengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Excellence Joint Application and Research Center (NEUROM), 06560 Ankara, Turkey
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Guo Q, Pan K, Qiu P, Liu Z, Chen J, Lin J. Identification of an exosome-related signature associated with prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18198. [PMID: 37875600 PMCID: PMC10598067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, nanosized vesicles, play a vital role in breast cancer (BC) occurrence, development, and drug resistance. Hence, we proceeded to study the potential prognostic value of exosome-related genes and their relationship to the immune microenvironment in BC. 121 exosome-related genes were provided by the ExoBCD database, and 7 final genes were selected to construct the prognostic signature. Besides, the expression levels of the 7 exosome-related genes were validated by the experiment in BC cell lines. Based on the signature, BC patients from the training and validation cohorts were separated into low- and high-risk groups. Subsequently, the R clusterProfiler package was applied to identify the distinct enrichment pathways between high-risk groups and low-risk groups. The relevance of the tumor immune microenvironment and exosome-related gene risk score were analyzed in BC. Eventually, the different expression levels of immune checkpoint-related genes were compared between the two risk groups. Based on the risk model, the low-risk groups were identified with a higher survival rate both in the training and validation cohorts. A better overall survival was revealed in patients with higher scores evaluated by the estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Subsequently, BC patients with lower risk scores were indicated by higher expression levels of some immune checkpoint-related genes and immune cell infiltration. Exosomes are closely associated with the prognosis and immune cell infiltration of BC. These findings may contribute to improving immunotherapy and provide a new vision for BC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Kelun Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pengjun Qiu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zundong Liu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianpeng Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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5
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Deng J, Pan T, Lv C, Cao L, Li L, Zhou X, Li G, Li H, Vicencio JM, Xu Y, Wei F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhou G, Yin M. Exosomal transfer leads to chemoresistance through oxidative phosphorylation-mediated stemness phenotype in colorectal cancer. Theranostics 2023; 13:5057-5074. [PMID: 37771767 PMCID: PMC10526671 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently years have seen the increasing evidence identifying that OXPHOS is involved in different processes of tumor progression and metastasis and has been proposed to be a potential therapeutical target for cancer treatment. However, the exploration in oxidative phosphorylation-mediated chemoresistance is still scarce. In our study, we identify exosomal transfer leads to chemoresistance by reprogramming metabolic phenotype in recipient cells. Methods: RNA sequencing analysis was used to screen altered targets mediating exosome transfer-induced chemoresistance. Seahorse assay allowed us to measure mitochondrial respiration. Stemness was measured by spheroids formation assay. Serum exosomes were isolated for circ_0001610 quantification. Results: The induced oxidative phosphorylation leads to more stem-like properties, which is dependent on the transfer of exosomal circ_0001610. Exosome transfer results in the removal of miR-30e-5p-mediated suppression of PGC-1a, a master of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Consequently, increased PGC-1a reshapes cellular metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation, leading to chemoresistance. Inhibition of OXPHOS or exosomal si-circ_0001610 increases the sensitivity of chemotherapy by decreasing cell stemness in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our data suggests that exosomal circ_0001610-induced OXPHOS plays an important role in chemoresistance and supports a therapeutical potential of circ_0001610 inhibitors in the treatment of oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer by manipulating cell stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Hunan Zixing Intelligent Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Chunxin Lv
- Oncology Department, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yihan Xu
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanglin Zhou
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
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6
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Sisodiya S, Kasherwal V, Khan A, Roy B, Goel A, Kumar S, Arif N, Tanwar P, Hussain S. Liquid Biopsies: Emerging role and clinical applications in solid tumours. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101716. [PMID: 37327582 PMCID: PMC10285278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Late detection and lack of precision diagnostics are the major challenges in cancer prevention and management. Biomarker discovery in specific cancers, especially at the pre-invasive stage, is vital for early diagnosis, positive treatment response, and good disease prognosis. Traditional diagnostic measures require invasive procedures such as tissue excision using a needle, an endoscope, and/or surgical resection which can be unsafe, expensive, and painful. Additionally, the presence of comorbid conditions in individuals might render them ineligible for undertaking a tissue biopsy, and in some cases, it is difficult to access tumours depending on the site of occurrence. In this context, liquid biopsies are being explored for their clinical significance in solid malignancies management. These non-invasive or minimally invasive methods are being developed primarily for identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutics. In this review, we have summarised the use and importance of liquid biopsy as significant tool in diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic development. We have also discussed the challenges that are encountered and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sisodiya
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Vishakha Kasherwal
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnudeo Roy
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Anjana Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Nazneen Arif
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India.
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7
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Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, Bruno KA, Ikezu T, March KL, Cooper LT, Wolfram J, Fairweather D. Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101155. [PMID: 36456416 PMCID: PMC10073244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Beetler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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8
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Magoling BJA, Wu AYT, Chen YJ, Wong WWT, Chuo STY, Huang HC, Sung YC, Hsieh HT, Huang P, Lee KZ, Huang KW, Chen RH, Chen Y, Lai CPK. Membrane Protein Modification Modulates Big and Small Extracellular Vesicle Biodistribution and Tumorigenic Potential in Breast Cancers In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208966. [PMID: 36609913 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells to mediate intercellular communication under pathological and physiological conditions. While small EVs (sEVs; <100-200 nm, exosomes) are intensely investigated, the properties and functions of medium and large EVs (big EVs (bEVs); >200 nm, microvesicles) are less well explored. Here, bEVs and sEVs are identified as distinct EV populations, and it is determined that bEVs are released in a greater bEV:sEV ratio in the aggressive human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. PalmGRET, bioluminescence-resonance-energy-transfer (BRET)-based EV reporter, reveals dose-dependent EV biodistribution at nonlethal and physiological EV dosages, as compared to lipophilic fluorescent dyes. Remarkably, the bEVs and sEVs exhibit unique biodistribution profiles, yet individually promote in vivo tumor growth in a syngeneic immunocompetent TNBC breast tumor murine model. The bEVs and sEVs share mass-spectrometry-identified tumor-progression-associated EV surface membrane proteins (tpEVSurfMEMs), which include solute carrier family 29 member 1, Cd9, and Cd44. tpEVSurfMEM depletion attenuates EV lung organotropism, alters biodistribution, and reduces protumorigenic potential. This study identifies distinct in vivo property and function of bEVs and sEVs in breast cancer, which suggest the significant role of bEVs in diseases, diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan John Abel Magoling
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, TIGP, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Anthony Yan-Tang Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, TIGP, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wendy Wan-Ting Wong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Steven Ting-Yu Chuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chien Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chieh Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Tzu Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Poya Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Zhang Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, TIGP, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, TIGP, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Guney Eskiler G, Kazan N, Haciefendi A, Deveci Ozkan A, Ozdemir K, Ozen M, Kocer HB, Yilmaz F, Kaleli S, Sahin E, Bilir C. The prognostic and predictive values of differential expression of exosomal receptor tyrosine kinases and associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:460-472. [PMID: 36181664 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cell-derived exosomes are the mediator of the tumor microenvironment and the molecular content of exosomes presents a promising prognostic or predictive marker in tumor progression and the treatment response of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to identify the expression levels of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and AKT1 and mTOR before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the exosomes of BC patients compared with healthy females. METHODS After isolating exosomes in the serum of 25 BC patients and characterization by flow cytometry, the mRNA levels of FGFR2, FGFR3, PDGFRB, AKT1 and mTOR in the exosomes were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Our preliminary findings showed that FGFR2, PDGFRB, AKT1 and mTOR levels were significantly upregulated in BC patients before NACT compared with the healthy group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels PDGFRB and AKT1 were significantly down-regulated after NACT compared with control. PDGFRB expression level could predict pathological non-response and significantly correlated with tumor size after NACT. CONCLUSION Therefore, especially FGFR2, PDGFRB and AKT1 could be a therapeutic target as a prognostic marker, whereas PDGFRB may be a promising predictive indicator of therapy response in BC patients. However, the prognostic or predictive role of RTKs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the exosomes should be further investigated in a large patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Nur Kazan
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ayten Haciefendi
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Asuman Deveci Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Ozdemir
- Department of General Surgery, Nevsehir Urgup State Hospital, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Mirac Ozen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Havva Belma Kocer
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Fahri Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaleli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Elvan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bilir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University VM Medical Park Pendik Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Sadu L, Krishnan RH, Akshaya RL, Das UR, Satishkumar S, Selvamurugan N. Exosomes in bone remodeling and breast cancer bone metastasis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 175:120-130. [PMID: 36155749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome-derived microvesicles that carry cell-specific biological cargo, such as proteins, lipids, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). They play a key role in bone remodeling by enabling the maintenance of a balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Recent evidence indicates that exosomes disrupt bone remodeling that occurs during breast cancer (BC) progression. The bone is a preferred site for BC metastasis owing to its abundant osseous reserves. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of exosomes derived from bone cells and breast tumor in bone remodeling and BC bone metastasis (BCBM). We also briefly outline the mechanisms of action of ncRNAs and proteins carried by exosomes secreted by bone and BCBM. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential of utilizing exosomes as biomarkers or delivery vehicles for the diagnosis and treatment of BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana Sadu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Hari Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R L Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udipt Ranjan Das
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Satishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hBMSCs)-Derived miR-29a-3p-Containing Exosomes Impede Laryngocarcinoma Cell Malignant Phenotypes by Inhibiting PTEN. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8133632. [PMID: 36338027 PMCID: PMC9635976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8133632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNA-29a-3p was reported to inhibit laryngocarcinoma progression, the potential mechanisms have not been explored clearly. Laryngocarcinoma tissues were collected for analyzing the levels of miR-29a-3p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The miR mimics or inhibitor was transfected into laryngocarcinoma cell lines M4E and Hep2 for the investigation of the biological functions (proliferative, invasion, migratory rates, and apoptotic rates) of this miRNA. The exosomes (Exo) from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) after the transfection of miR mimics/inhibitor/si-PTEN were isolated and used to stimulate M4E and Hep2 cells. The in vivo mouse model was constructed to verify our findings. The miR-29a-3p level was decreased, and PTEN level was elevated in laryngocarcinoma tissues and the cancer cell lines. MiR mimics could inhibit proliferative, invasive migratory rates while promoting apoptotic rates of M4E and Hep2 cells. MiR-29a-3p was enriched in hBMSC-derived Exo, and the Exo from miR-29a-3p mimics transfected hBMSCs could inhibit laryngocarcinoma cell malignant phenotypes in vitro and prevent tumor progression in vivo. In addition, the direct binding relationship between miR-29a-3p and PTEN in this disease was determined. In conclusion, hBMSC-derived Exo with upregulated miR-29a-3p inhibited laryngocarcinoma progression via regulating PTEN, providing a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in this disease.
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12
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Gao X, Gao B, Li S. Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002742. [PMID: 36211364 PMCID: PMC9539319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer that is highly prevalent among adolescents and adults below the age of 20 years. The prognostic outcome of metastatic OS or relapse is extremely poor; thus, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating OS is necessary. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30–150 nm in diameter are commonly produced in different cells and are found in various types of body fluids. EVs are rich in biologically active components like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They also strongly affect pathophysiological processes by modulating the intercellular signaling pathways and the exchange of biomolecules. Many studies have found that EVs influence the occurrence, development, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The regulation of inflammatory communication pathways by EVs affects OS and other bone-related pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings related to diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the development of treatment strategies for OS from the perspective of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Li, ;
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13
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Camels' biological fluids contained nanobodies: promising avenue in cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:279. [PMID: 36071488 PMCID: PMC9449263 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health concern and accounts for one of the main causes of death worldwide. Innovative strategies are needed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers. Recently, there has been an evolving interest in utilizing nanobodies of camel origin as therapeutic tools against cancer. Nanotechnology uses nanobodies an emerging attractive field that provides promises to researchers in advancing different scientific sectors including medicine and oncology. Nanobodies are characteristically small-sized biologics featured with the ability for deep tissue penetration and dissemination and harbour high stability at high pH and temperatures. The current review highlights the potential use of nanobodies that are naturally secreted in camels’ biological fluids, both milk and urine, in the development of nanotechnology-based therapy for treating different typesQuery of cancers and other diseases. Moreover, the role of nano proteomics in the invention of novel therapeutic agents specifically used for cancer intervention is also illustrated.
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14
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Guo X, Sui R, Piao H. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles: potential roles and mechanism in glioma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:383. [PMID: 35999601 PMCID: PMC9400220 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) are extracellular vesicles containing DNA, RNA, and proteins and are involved in intercellular communication and function, playing an essential role in the growth and metastasis of tumors. SEVs are present in various body fluids and can be isolated and extracted from blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, SEVs can be released by some cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, in a cytosolic manner. SEVs secreted by tumor cells are called tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) because of their origin in the corresponding parent cells. Glioma is the most common intracranial tumor, accounting for approximately half of the primary intracranial tumors, and is characterized by insidious onset, high morbidity, and high mortality rate. Complete removal of tumor tissues by surgery is difficult. Chemotherapy can improve the survival quality of patients to a certain extent; however, gliomas are prone to chemoresistance, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. In recent years, TEXs have played a vital role in the occurrence, development, associated immune response, chemotherapy resistance, radiation therapy resistance, and metastasis of glioma. This article reviews the role of TEXs in glioma progression, drug resistance, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China.
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15
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Combination Therapy Comprising Paclitaxel and 5-Fluorouracil by Using Folic Acid Functionalized Bovine Milk Exosomes Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy against Breast Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081143. [PMID: 36013322 PMCID: PMC9410314 DOI: 10.3390/life12081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PAC) has been approved by FDA for clinical use (Taxol®), yet dose-dependent severe toxicity due to the adjuvant Cremophor EL® in combination with ethanol is a major drawback. The drawbacks of the current therapy can be overcome by (i) finding a suitable vehicle that cannot only bypass the above adjuvant but also be used to deliver drugs orally and (ii) combining the PAC with some other chemotherapeutics to have the enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In the current work, we have used folic acid (FA) functionalized bovine milk-derived exosomes for oral delivery of PAC in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Exosomes before and after the drug loading were found to have a particle size in the range of 80–100 nm, polydispersity index (PDI ~0.20), zeta potential (~−25 mV), entrapment efficiency (~82%), practical drug loading (~28%) and sustained drug release for 48 h. Significant decreases in IC50 were observed in the case of exosomes loaded drugs which further improved following the FA functionalization. FA functionalized coumarin-6-loaded exosomes showed remarkably higher cellular uptake in comparison with free coumarin-6. Moreover, FA-functionalized drug-loaded exosomes showed a higher apoptotic index with better control over cell migration. Collectively, data suggested the enhanced efficacy of the combination following its loading to the folic acid functionalized exosomes against breast cancer.
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16
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Panigrahi AR, Srinivas L, Panda J. Exosomes: Insights and therapeutic applications in cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101439. [PMID: 35551002 PMCID: PMC9108525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer refers to the division of abnormal cells at an uncontrollable rate that possesses the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal tissues. It frequently spreads to normal tissues throughout the body, a condition known as metastasis, which is a significant concern. It is the second leading cause of mortality globally and treatment therapy can assist in improving survival rates. Exosomes are the extracellular vesicles secreted by several cells that act as messengers between cells. When engineered, exosomes act as promising drug delivery vehicles that help achieve targeted action at the tumour site and reduce the limitations of conventional treatments such as castration, chemotherapy, radiation, etc. The present review provides an overview of exosomes, the biogenesis, sources, isolation methods and characterization. The current status and applications of chemotherapeutic agents loaded, engineered exosomes in cancer treatment were convoluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Raj Panigrahi
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Lankalapalli Srinivas
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India.
| | - Jagadeesh Panda
- Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Visakhapatnam - 531162, India
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18
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Brena D, Huang MB, Bond V. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport: Reprogramming a tumor microenvironment conducive with breast cancer progression and metastasis. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101286. [PMID: 34839106 PMCID: PMC8636863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) role in breast tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche development. Breast cancer EV-mediated transmission of pro-metastatic and drug-resistant phenotypes. Precision medicine with EVs as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for drug and anticancer genetic material.
Breast cancer metastatic progression to critical secondary sites is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. While existing therapies are highly effective in combating primary tumors, metastatic disease is generally deemed incurable with a median survival of only 2, 3 years. Extensive efforts have focused on identifying metastatic contributory targets for therapeutic antagonism and prevention to improve patient survivability. Excessive breast cancer release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose contents stimulate a metastatic phenotype, represents a promising target. Complex breast cancer intercellular communication networks are based on EV transport and transference of molecular information is in bulk resulting in complete reprogramming events within recipient cells. Other breast cancer cells can acquire aggressive phenotypes, endothelial cells can be induced to undergo tubule formation, and immune cells can be neutralized. Recent advancements continue to implicate the critical role EVs play in cultivating a tumor microenvironment tailored to cancer proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and conference of drug resistance. This literature review serves to frame the role of EV transport in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The following five sections will be addressed: (1) Intercellular communication in developing a tumor microenvironment & pre-metastatic niche. (2) Induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (3). Immune suppression & evasion. (4) Transmission of drug resistance mechanisms. (5) Precision medicine: clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States.
| | - Vincent Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
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Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosome-Based Next-Generation Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8100139. [PMID: 34677212 PMCID: PMC8533396 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nano vesicles and exosomes hold compelling evidence in intercellular communication. Exosomal intracellular signal transduction is mediated by the transfer of cargo proteins, lipids, micro (mi)RNAs, long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, small interfering (si)RNAs, DNA, and other functional molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis. However, emerging research trends indicate that exosomes may be used as a promising tool in anticancer treatment. This review features a majority of the bioengineering applications of fabricated exosomal cargoes. It also encompasses how the manipulation and delivery of specific cargoes-noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), recombinant proteins, immune-modulators, chemotherapeutic drugs, and other small molecules-may serve as a precise therapeutic approach in cancer management.
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