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Shen P, Shi Y, Xu P, Rao L, Wang Z, Jiang J, Weng M. The construction of a prognostic model by apoptosis-related genes to predict survival, immune landscape, and medication in cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102430. [PMID: 39069260 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive and invasive malignant tumor of the bile duct, with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Currently, there is a lack of effective targeted treatment methods and reliable biomarkers for prognosis. METHODS We downloaded RNA-seq and clinical data of CCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases as training and test sets. The apoptosis-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MsigDB) database. We used univariate/multivariate Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses to construct a riskscore prognostic model. Based on the median riskscore, we clustered the patients into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups. We carried out Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HR and LR groups. The single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to analyze the immune infiltration of the HR and LR groups. The CellMiner database was utilized to predict drugs and perform molecular docking on drugs and target proteins. RESULTS We identified 8 genes with prognostic significance to construct a prognostic model. Results of GO and KEGG demonstrated that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological functions such as fatty acid metabolic processes and pathways such as the cAMP signaling pathway. Results of ssGSEA uncovered that immune cells such as DCs and Macrophages in the HR group, as well as immune functions such as Check-point and Parainflammation, were considerably higher than those in the LR group. Drug sensitivity prediction and results of molecular docking revealed that Rigosertib targeted the prognostic genes MAP3K1. HYPOTHEMYCIN and AMG900 effectively targeted JUN. CONCLUSION Our project suggested that the prognostic model with apoptotic features can effectively predict prognosis in CCA patients, proffering prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Hepatological surgery, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Yinsheng Shi
- Department of Hepatological surgery, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Hepatological surgery, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Linbin Rao
- Department of Hepatological surgery, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Zhengfei Wang
- Department of Hepatological surgery, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Hepatological surgery, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Meiling Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Qu Zhou, No. 100 Minjiang Avenue, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000, China.
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Wang H, Kim SJ, Lei Y, Wang S, Wang H, Huang H, Zhang H, Tsung A. Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:235. [PMID: 39300084 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation. Evidence suggests that excessive accumulation of NETs can result in vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the progression and exacerbation of various pathological states. Nevertheless, NETs exhibit dual functionalities in certain pathological contexts. While NETs may act as autoantigens, aggregated NET complexes can function as inflammatory mediators by degrading proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The delineation of molecules and signaling pathways governing NET formation aids in refining our appreciation of NETs' role in immune homeostasis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the multifaceted roles of NETs in both homeostasis and disease, whilst discussing their potential as therapeutic targets. Our aim is to enhance the understanding of the intricate functions of NETs across the spectrum from physiology to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Susan J Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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3
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Qu Y, Gao N, Zhang S, Gao L, He B, Wang C, Gong C, Shi Q, Li Z, Yang S, Xiao Y. Role of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e715. [PMID: 39252821 PMCID: PMC11381670 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification of RNA in eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have shown that m6A is pivotal in diverse diseases especially cancer. m6A corelates with the initiation, progression, resistance, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. However, despite these insights, a comprehensive understanding of its specific roles and mechanisms within the complex landscape of cancer is still elusive. This review begins by outlining the key regulatory proteins of m6A modification and their posttranslational modifications (PTMs), as well as the role in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity within cancer cells. Additionally, it highlights that m6A modifications impact cancer progression by modulating programmed cell death mechanisms and affecting the tumor microenvironment through various cancer-associated immune cells. Furthermore, the review discusses how microorganisms can induce enduring epigenetic changes and oncogenic effect in microorganism-associated cancers by altering m6A modifications. Last, it delves into the role of m6A modification in cancer immunotherapy, encompassing RNA therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, cytokine therapy, adoptive cell transfer therapy, and direct targeting of m6A regulators. Overall, this review clarifies the multifaceted role of m6A modification in cancer and explores targeted therapies aimed at manipulating m6A modification, aiming to advance cancer research and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Limin Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Qiuyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
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Shi X, Wang X, Yao W, Shi D, Shao X, Lu Z, Chai Y, Song J, Tang W, Wang X. Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:192. [PMID: 39090094 PMCID: PMC11294630 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality. Despite its significance, the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated. Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process. Tumor cells undergoing invasion engage with other cellular entities and proteins en route to their destination. Insights into these engagements have enhanced our comprehension of the principles directing the movement and adaptability of metastatic cells. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells by enabling tumor cells to navigate through stromal barriers. Such attributes are influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in the tumor cells and their surrounding milieu. A profound understanding of the metastatic process's biological mechanisms is indispensable for devising efficacious therapeutic strategies. This review delves into recent developments concerning metastasis-associated genes, important signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, metabolic processes, peripheral immunity, and mechanical forces and cancer metastasis. In addition, we combine recent advances with a particular emphasis on the prospect of developing effective interventions including the most popular cancer immunotherapies and nanotechnology to combat metastasis. We have also identified the limitations of current research on tumor metastasis, encompassing drug resistance, restricted animal models, inadequate biomarkers and early detection methods, as well as heterogeneity among others. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to the advancement of cancer metastasis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihuan Shao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqing Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chai
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Al-Hassan JM, Afzal M, Oommen S, Liu YF, Khan M, Pace-Asciak C. Oxidized Cholesterol Derivatives in Fraction B Prepared from Gulf Catfish ( Arius bilineatus, Val.) Skin Regulate Calcium Response and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Formation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1380. [PMID: 39061953 PMCID: PMC11274240 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present in vitro actions of pure commercial preparations of oxidized and/or dehydrated metabolites of cholesterol (OS) identified in the lipid fraction of Fraction B (FB) prepared from a catfish skin preparation on calcium transients and on the formation of human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These investigations are part of an ongoing effort to understand the important roles these compounds play as components of FB when FB is applied to accelerate the healing of wounds and the healing of highly infected non-healing diabetic foot ulcers, without the use of antibiotics. Our aim was to determine potential therapeutic interventions for various disease states. Our results reveal interesting findings, demonstrating specific actions of the individual compounds. Compounds 7α-hydroxy-cholesterol (S3), Cholestane-3,5,6-triol (S5), 5-cholesten-3β-ol-7-one (S8) and Cholesta-3,5 dien-7-one (S10) are inhibitory, while Cholesterol 5β,6β-epoxide (S4) and 5α-cholestane-3,6-dione (S11) activate the response for calcium influx in human neutrophils. A somewhat similar response is observed in dHL60 cell lines, where S3, S5, S7, S8, and cholesta-2,4-diene (S14) inhibit the calcium influx, although S4, S10, and S11 activate the response in this cell line. Furthermore, we observed a relationship between actions against NETosis and calcium transients. Interestingly, relative to the vehicle control, S3, Cholesta-3,5 diene (S9), and S14 appeared to significantly stimulate DNA release (NETosis), while S2, 7α-hydroxy-cholesterol (S6) and cholesta-3,5 dien-7-one (S10) caused lesser stimulation. We provide the IC50 activities for each compound tested in each assay. Calcium influx and NETs formation (NETosis) correlate with diseases exacerbation. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of individual OS for various diseases, highlighting their importance in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassim M. Al-Hassan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait or (J.M.A.-H.); or (M.A.); or (S.O.)
- Health Sciences Research Center, Khaldiya Campus, Abdullah Al-Salem University, Khaldiya, Kuwait City 72303, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait or (J.M.A.-H.); or (M.A.); or (S.O.)
- Health Sciences Research Center, Khaldiya Campus, Abdullah Al-Salem University, Khaldiya, Kuwait City 72303, Kuwait
| | - Sosamma Oommen
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait or (J.M.A.-H.); or (M.A.); or (S.O.)
- Health Sciences Research Center, Khaldiya Campus, Abdullah Al-Salem University, Khaldiya, Kuwait City 72303, Kuwait
| | - Yuan Fang Liu
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G OA4, Canada; (Y.F.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Meraj Khan
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G OA4, Canada; (Y.F.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Cecil Pace-Asciak
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G OA4, Canada; (Y.F.L.); (M.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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6
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Kong J, Deng Y, Xu Y, Zhang P, Li L, Huang Y. A Two-Pronged Delivery Strategy Disrupting Positive Feedback Loop of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Metastasis Suppression. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15432-15451. [PMID: 38842256 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) severely affect tumor metastasis through a self-perpetuating feedback loop involving two key steps: (1) mitochondrial aerobic respiration-induced hypoxia promotes NET formation and (2) NETs enhance mitochondrial metabolism to exacerbate hypoxia. Herein, we propose a two-pronged approach with the activity of NET-degrading and mitochondrion-damaging by simultaneously targeting drugs to NETs and tumor mitochondria of this loop. In addition to specifically recognizing and eliminating extant NETs, the NET-targeting nanoparticle also reduces NET-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, thus inhibiting the initial step of the feedback loop and mitigating extant NETs' impact on tumor metastasis. Simultaneously, the mitochondrion-targeting system intercepts mitochondrial metabolism and alleviates tumor hypoxia, inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and subsequent NET formation, which reduces the source of NETs and disrupts another step of the self-amplifying feedback loop. Together, the combination significantly reduces the formation of NET-tumor cell clusters by disrupting the interaction between NETs and tumor mitochondria, thereby impeding the metastatic cascade including tumor invasion, hematogenous spread, and distant colonization. This work represents an innovative attempt to disrupt the feedback loop in tumor metastasis, offering a promising therapeutic approach restraining NET-assisted metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Kong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yudi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tumbath S, Jiang L, Li X, Zhang T, Zahid KR, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Yin Z, Lu T, Jiang S, Chen Y, Chen X, Fu YX, Huang X. β-Lapachone promotes the recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) toward an antitumor (N1) phenotype in NQO1-positive cancers. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2363000. [PMID: 38846085 PMCID: PMC11155710 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2363000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is overexpressed in most solid cancers, emerging as a promising target for tumor-selective killing. β-Lapachone (β-Lap), an NQO1 bioactivatable drug, exhibits significant antitumor effects on NQO1-positive cancer cells by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enhancing tumor immunogenicity. However, the interaction between β-Lap-mediated antitumor immune responses and neutrophils, novel antigen-presenting cells (APCs), remains unknown. This study demonstrates that β-Lap selectively kills NQO1-positive murine tumor cells by significantly increasing intracellular ROS formation and inducing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), resulting in DNA damage. Treatment with β-Lap efficiently eradicates immunocompetent murine tumors and significantly increases the infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) into the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in the drug's therapeutic efficacy. Further, the presence of β-Lap-induced antigen medium leads bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMNs) to directly kill murine tumor cells, aiding in dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment and significantly enhancing CD8+ T cell proliferation. β-Lap treatment also drives the polarization of TANs toward an antitumor N1 phenotype, characterized by elevated IFN-β expression and reduced TGF-β cytokine expression, along with increased CD95 and CD54 surface markers. β-Lap treatment also induces N1 TAN-mediated T cell cross-priming. The HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascade influences neutrophil infiltration into β-Lap-treated tumors. Blocking this cascade or depleting neutrophil infiltration abolishes the antigen-specific T cell response induced by β-Lap treatment. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the role of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in the β-Lap-induced antitumor activity against NQO1-positive murine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Tumbath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Taolan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhijun Yin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shu Jiang
- Division of public health sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yaomin Chen
- Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bonni S, Brindley DN, Chamberlain MD, Daneshvar-Baghbadorani N, Freywald A, Hemmings DG, Hombach-Klonisch S, Klonisch T, Raouf A, Shemanko CS, Topolnitska D, Visser K, Vizeacoumar FJ, Wang E, Gibson SB. Breast Tumor Metastasis and Its Microenvironment: It Takes Both Seed and Soil to Grow a Tumor and Target It for Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:911. [PMID: 38473273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a major challenge in treating breast cancer. Breast tumors metastasize to organ-specific locations such as the brain, lungs, and bone, but why some organs are favored over others remains unclear. Breast tumors also show heterogeneity, plasticity, and distinct microenvironments. This contributes to treatment failure and relapse. The interaction of breast cancer cells with their metastatic microenvironment has led to the concept that primary breast cancer cells act as seeds, whereas the metastatic tissue microenvironment (TME) is the soil. Improving our understanding of this interaction could lead to better treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer. Targeted treatments for different subtypes of breast cancers have improved overall patient survival, even with metastasis. However, these targeted treatments are based upon the biology of the primary tumor and often these patients' relapse, after therapy, with metastatic tumors. The advent of immunotherapy allowed the immune system to target metastatic tumors. Unfortunately, immunotherapy has not been as effective in metastatic breast cancer relative to other cancers with metastases, such as melanoma. This review will describe the heterogeneic nature of breast cancer cells and their microenvironments. The distinct properties of metastatic breast cancer cells and their microenvironments that allow interactions, especially in bone and brain metastasis, will also be described. Finally, we will review immunotherapy approaches to treat metastatic breast tumors and discuss future therapeutic approaches to improve treatments for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Bonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nima Daneshvar-Baghbadorani
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Denise G Hemmings
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Afshin Raouf
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OT5, Canada
- Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9, Canada
| | - Carrie Simone Shemanko
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Diana Topolnitska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OT5, Canada
- Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Visser
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Edwin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics, and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Himcinschi ME, Uscatescu V, Gherghe G, Stoian I, Vlad A, Popa DC, Coriu D, Anghel A. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Outcome of Malignant Epitheliomas: Significance of CA215 Involvement. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:328. [PMID: 38337844 PMCID: PMC10855654 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were originally discovered as a part of the innate immune response of the host to bacteria. They form a web-like structure that can immobilize microorganisms or exhibit direct antimicrobial properties, such as releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). NETs are established when neutrophils undergo a sort of cellular death following exposure to ROS, chemokines, cytokines, or other soluble factors. This process results in the release of the neutrophil's DNA in a web-like form, which is decorated with citrullinated histones (H3/H4-cit), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Emerging studies have put into perspective that NETs play an important role in oncology as they were shown to influence tumor growth, malignant initiation, and proliferation, mediate the transition from endothelial to mesenchymal tissue, stimulate angiogenesis or metastasis, and can even help cancer cells evade the immune response. The role of NETs in cancer therapy resides in their ability to form and act as a mechanical barrier that will provide the primary tumor with a reduced response to irradiation or pharmaceutical penetration. Subsequently, cancer cells are shown to internalize NETs and use them as a strong antioxidant when pharmaceutical treatment is administered. In this review, we explored the role of NETs as part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in the context of malignant epitheliomas, which are capable of an autonomous production of CA215, a subvariant of IgG, and part of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) superfamily. Studies have shown that CA215 has a functional Fc subdivision able to activate the Fc-gamma-RS receptor on the surface of neutrophils. This activation may afterward stimulate the production of NETs, thus indicating CA215 as a potential factor in cancer therapy surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Emanuel Himcinschi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentina Uscatescu
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Georgiana Gherghe
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Irina Stoian
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruța Popa
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Coriu
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.E.H.); (A.A.)
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10
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Liu R, Zhu G, Sun Y, Li M, Hu Z, Cao P, Li X, Song Z, Chen J. Neutrophil infiltration associated genes on the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1304529. [PMID: 38204755 PMCID: PMC10777728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The neutrophils exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects in cancers. The correlation between neutrophils and tumor development in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still uncertain, possibly due to a lack of specific neutrophil infiltration evaluation methods. In this study, we identified 30 hub genes that were significantly associated with neutrophil infiltration in LUAD through data mining, survival analysis, and multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) analysis, including TIMER, CIBERSORT, QUANTISEQ, XCELL, and MCPCOUNTER. Consensus clustering analysis showed that these 30 hub genes were correlated with clinical features in LUAD. We further developed a neutrophil scoring system based on these hub genes. The neutrophil score was significantly correlated with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in LUAD. It was also positively associated with PD-L1 expression and negatively associated with tumor mutational burden (TMB). When combined with the neutrophil score, the predictive capacity of PD-L1 and TMB for prognosis was significantly improved. Thus, the 30 hub genes might play an essential role in the interaction of neutrophils and LUAD, and the neutrophil scoring system might effectually assess the infiltration of neutrophils. Furthermore, we verified the expression of these 30 genes in the LUAD tumor tissues collected from our department. We further found that overexpressed TNFAIP6 and TLR6 and downregulated P2RY13, SCARF1, DPEP2, PRAM1, CYP27A1, CFP, GPX3, and NCF1 in LUAD tissue might be potentially associated with neutrophils pro-tumor effects. The following in vitro experiments demonstrated that TNFAIP6 and TLR6 were significantly overexpressed, and P2RY13 and CYP27A1 were significantly downregulated in LUAD cell lines, compared to BEAS-2B cells. Knocking down TNFAIP6 in A549 and PC9 resulted in the upregulation of FAS, CCL3, and ICAM-1, and the downregulation of CCL2, CXCR4, and VEGF-A in neutrophils when co-culturing with the conditioned medium (CM) from LUAD cells. Knocking down TNFAIP6 in LUAD also led to an elevated early apoptosis rate of neutrophils. Therefore, overexpressed TNFAIP6 in LUAD cancer cells might lead to neutrophils "N2" polarization, which exhibited pro-tumor effects. Further research based on the genes identified in this pilot study might shed light on neutrophils' effects on LUAD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwang Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonglin Sun
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingbiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peijun Cao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanguang Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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11
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Baghy K, Ladányi A, Reszegi A, Kovalszky I. Insights into the Tumor Microenvironment-Components, Functions and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17536. [PMID: 38139365 PMCID: PMC10743805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarly to our healthy organs, the tumor tissue also constitutes an ecosystem. This implies that stromal cells acquire an altered phenotype in tandem with tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor survival. Cancer cells are fueled by abnormal blood vessels, allowing them to develop and proliferate. Tumor-associated fibroblasts adapt their cytokine and chemokine production to the needs of tumor cells and alter the peritumoral stroma by generating more collagen, thereby stiffening the matrix; these processes promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor cell invasion. Chronic inflammation and the mobilization of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory cells further facilitate tumor expansion. All of these events can impede the effective administration of tumor treatment; so, the successful inhibition of tumorous matrix remodeling could further enhance the success of antitumor therapy. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made with the introduction of novel immunotherapy that targets the inhibitory mechanisms of T cell activation. However, extensive research is also being conducted on the stromal components and other cell types of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Baghy
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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12
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Sounbuli K, Alekseeva LA, Markov OV, Mironova NL. A Comparative Study of Different Protocols for Isolation of Murine Neutrophils from Bone Marrow and Spleen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17273. [PMID: 38139101 PMCID: PMC10743699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered as the main player in innate immunity. In the last few years, it has been shown that they are involved in different physiological conditions and diseases. However, progress in the field of neutrophil biology is relatively slow due to existing difficulties in neutrophil isolation and maintenance in culture. Here we compare four protocols based on density-gradient and immunomagnetic methods for isolation of murine neutrophils from bone marrow and spleen. Neutrophil isolation was performed using Ficoll 1.077/1.119 g/mL density gradient, Ficoll 1.083/1.090/1.110 g/mL density gradient and immunomagnetic method of negative and positive selection. The different protocols were compared with respect to sample purity, cell viability, yield, and cost. The functionality of isolated neutrophils was checked by NETosis analysis and neutrophil oxidative burst test. Obtained data revealed that given purity/yield/viability/cost ratio the protocol based on cell centrifugation on Ficoll 1.077/1.119 g/mL density gradient is recommended for isolation of neutrophils from bone marrow, whereas immunomagnetic method of positive selection using Dynabeads is recommended for isolation of splenic neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Sounbuli
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila A. Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Oleg V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Nadezhda L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
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13
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Kong X, Zhang Y, Xiang L, You Y, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Wu R, Zhang J, Zhou L, Duan L. Fusobacterium nucleatum-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate colorectal carcinoma progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:236. [PMID: 37684625 PMCID: PMC10492297 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) acts as a procarcinogenic bacterium in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) by regulating the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can be generated by persistent inflammation, have been recently considered to be significant contributors in promoting cancer progression. However, whether NETs are implicated in Fn-related carcinogenesis is still poorly characterized. Here, we explored the role of NETs in Fn-related CRC as well as their potential clinical significance. METHODS Fn was measured in tissue specimens and feces samples from CRC patients. The expression of NET markers were also detected in tissue specimens, freshly isolated neutrophils and blood serum from CRC patients, and the correlation of circulating NETs levels with Fn was evaluated. Cell-based experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism by which Fn modulates NETs formation. In addition, we clarified the functional mechanism of Fn-induced NETs on the growth and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS Tissue and blood samples from CRC patients, particularly those from Fn-infected CRC patients, exhibited greater neutrophil infiltration and higher NETs levels. Fn infection induced abundant NETs production in in vitro studies. Subsequently, we demonstrated that Fn-induced NETs indirectly accelerated malignant tumor growth through angiopoiesis, and facilitated tumor metastasis, as manifested by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related cell migration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated basement membrane protein degradation, and trapping of CRC cells. Mechanistically, the Toll-like receptor (TLR4)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor (NOD1/2)-dependent signaling were responsible for Fn-stimulated NETs formation. More importantly, circulating NETs combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) could predict CRC occurrence and metastasis, with areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.92 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that Fn-induced NETs abundance by activating TLR4-ROS and NOD1/2 signalings in neutrophils facilitated CRC progression. The combination of circulating NETs and CEA was identified as a novel screening strategy for predicting CRC occurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74 Linjiang Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74 Linjiang Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Linwei Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74 Linjiang Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74 Linjiang Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Academic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74 Linjiang Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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14
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Gibellini L, Borella R, Santacroce E, Serattini E, Boraldi F, Quaglino D, Aramini B, De Biasi S, Cossarizza A. Circulating and Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Dynamics, Phenotypes, Metabolism, and Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3327. [PMID: 37444436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant myeloid cells in the blood and are a considerable immunological component of the tumor microenvironment. However, their functional importance has often been ignored, as they have always been considered a mono-dimensional population of terminally differentiated, short-living cells. During the last decade, the use of cutting-edge, single-cell technologies has revolutionized the classical view of these cells, unmasking their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize the emerging concepts in the field of neutrophils in cancer, by reviewing the recent literature on the heterogeneity of both circulating neutrophils and tumor-associated neutrophils, as well as their possible significance in tumor prognosis and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Santacroce
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenia Serattini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University Hospital GB Morgagni-L Pierantoni, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
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15
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Wang H, Liu X, Jia Z, Liu L, Qi Y, Zhou Q, Xu F, Zhang Y. Mapping current status and emerging trends in NETosis: A bibliometric study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33806. [PMID: 37233403 PMCID: PMC10219726 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NETosis is a critical innate immune mechanism of neutrophils that contributes to the accelerated progression of autoimmune diseases, thrombosis, cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the relevant literature by bibliometric methods in order to provide a more comprehensive and objective view of the knowledge dynamics in the field. METHODS The literature on NETosis was downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection, analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft for co-authorship, co-occurrence, and co-citation analysis. RESULTS In the field of NETosis, the United States was the most influential countries. Harvard University was the most active institutions. Mariana J. Kaplan and Brinkmann V were, respectively, the most prolific and most co-cited authors. Frontiers in Immunology, Journal of Immunology, Plos One, Blood, Science, Journal of Cell Biology, and Nature Medicine were the most influential journals. The top 15 keywords are associated with immunological and NETosis formation mechanisms. The keywords with the strongest burst detection were mainly related to COVID-19 (coronavirus, ACE2, SARS coronavirus, cytokine storm, pneumonia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), and cancer (circulating tumor cell). CONCLUSION Research on NETosis is currently booming. The mechanism of NETosis and its role in innate immunity, autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and thrombosis are the focus of research in the field of NETosis. A future study will concentrate on the function of NETosis in COVID-19 and recurrent metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Wang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Jia
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbing Zhou
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhao J, Xie X. Prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response in breast cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps-related classification. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1165776. [PMID: 37304069 PMCID: PMC10250592 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1165776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a network of DNA histone complexes and proteins released by activated neutrophils, have been demonstrated to be associated with inflammation, infection related immune response and tumorigenesis in previous reports. However, the relationship between NETs related genes and breast cancer remains controversial. In the study, we retrieved transcriptome data and clinical information of BRCA patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The expression matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) related genes was generated and consensus clustering was performed by Partitioning Around Medoid (PAM) to classify BRCA patients into two subgroups (NETs high group and NETs low group). Subsequently, we focus on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two NETs-related subgroups and further explored NETs enrichment related signaling pathways by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In addition, we constructed a risk signature model by LASSO Cox regression analysis to evaluate the association between riskscore and prognosis. Even more, we explored the landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment and the expression of immune checkpoints related genes as well as HLA genes between two NETs subtypes in breast cancer patients. Moreover, we found and validated the correlation of different immune cells with risk score, as well as the response to immunotherapy in different subgroups of patients was detected by Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) database. Ultimately, a nomogram prognostic prediction model was established to speculate on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The results suggest that high riskscore is associated with poor immunotherapy response and adverse clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, we established a NETs-related stratification system that is beneficial for guiding the clinical treatment and predicting prognosis of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zhao
- General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University School, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xie
- General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou, China
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Starska-Kowarska K. The Role of Different Immunocompetent Cell Populations in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Cancer-Regulatory Mechanisms of Pro- and Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Impact on Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1642. [PMID: 36980527 PMCID: PMC10046400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous groups of human neoplasms. HNSCC is characterized by high morbidity, accounting for 3% of all cancers, and high mortality with ~1.5% of all cancer deaths. It was the most common cancer worldwide in 2020, according to the latest GLOBOCAN data, representing the seventh most prevalent human malignancy. Despite great advances in surgical techniques and the application of modern combinations and cytotoxic therapies, HNSCC remains a leading cause of death worldwide with a low overall survival rate not exceeding 40-60% of the patient population. The most common causes of death in patients are its frequent nodal metastases and local neoplastic recurrences, as well as the relatively low response to treatment and severe drug resistance. Much evidence suggests that the tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and circulating various subpopulations of immunocompetent cells, such regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs), cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and CD3+CD4+ T helper type 1/2/9/17 (Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17) lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and CD56dim/CD16bright activated natural killer cells (NK), carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (N1/N2 TANs), as well as tumour-associated macrophages (M1/M2 phenotype TAMs) can affect initiation, progression and spread of HNSCC and determine the response to immunotherapy. Rapid advances in the field of immuno-oncology and the constantly growing knowledge of the immunosuppressive mechanisms and effects of tumour cancer have allowed for the use of effective and personalized immunotherapy as a first-line therapeutic procedure or an essential component of a combination therapy for primary, relapsed and metastatic HNSCC. This review presents the latest reports and molecular studies regarding the anti-tumour role of selected subpopulations of immunocompetent cells in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, including HPV+ve (HPV+) and HPV-ve (HPV-) tumours. The article focuses on the crucial regulatory mechanisms of pro- and anti-tumour activity, key genetic or epigenetic changes that favour tumour immune escape, and the strategies that the tumour employs to avoid recognition by immunocompetent cells, as well as resistance mechanisms to T and NK cell-based immunotherapy in HNSCC. The present review also provides an overview of the pre- and clinical early trials (I/II phase) and phase-III clinical trials published in this arena, which highlight the unprecedented effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy in HNSCC, and the emerging issues facing the field of HNSCC immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Guo X, Song X, Long X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Xie C, Ji B. New nomogram for predicting lymph node positivity in pancreatic head cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1053375. [PMID: 36761960 PMCID: PMC9907461 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1053375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide, and it mostly occurs in the head of the pancreas. Existing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) surgical techniques have has undergone a learning curve, a wide variety of approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer have been proposed, and the operation has matured. At present, pancreatic head cancer has been gradually changing from "surgeons' evaluation of anatomical resection" to "biologically inappropriate resection". In this study, the risk of lymph node metastasis in pancreatic head cancer was predicted using common preoperative clinical indicators. Methods The preoperative clinical data of 191 patients with pancreatic head cancer who received LPD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from May 2016 to December 2021 were obtained. A univariate regression analysis study was conducted, and the indicators with a significance level of P<0.05 were included in the univariate logistic regression analysis into multivariate. Lastly, a nomogram was built based on age, tumor size, leucocyte,albumin(ALB), and lymphocytes/monocytes(LMR). The model with the highest resolution was selected by obtaining the area under a curve. The clinical net benefit of the prediction model was examined using decision curve analyses.Risk stratification was performed by combining preoperative CT scan with existing models. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis found age, tumor size, WBC, ALB, and LMR as five independent factors. A nomogram model was constructed based on the above indicators. The model was calibrated by validating the calibration curve within 1000 bootstrap resamples. The ROC curve achieved an AUC of 0.745(confidence interval of 95%: 0.673-0.816), thus indicating that the model had excellent discriminative skills. DCA suggested that the predictive model achieved a high net benefit in the nearly entire threshold probability range. Conclusions This study has been the first to investigate a nomogram for preoperative prediction of lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic head cancer. The result suggests that age, ALB, tumor size, WBC, and LMR are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in pancreatic head cancer. This study may provide a novel perspective for the selection of appropriate continuous treatment regimens, the increase of the survival rate of patients with pancreatic head cancer, and the selection of appropriate neoadjuvant therapy patients.
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Garley M. Unobvious Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Signification in the Course of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231159313. [PMID: 36814071 PMCID: PMC9950614 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231159313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The current standards of treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, research on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the treatment of OSCC has also been conducted.Purpose: Studies indicate that nonspecific immune mechanisms involved in the course of the anticancer response also need to be taken into account.Research Design: This review summarizes the results of our research on the active participation of neutrophils, which are previously underestimated, in the antitumor response in the course of OSCC, taking into account the ability of these cells to generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).Results: We proved that the formation of NETs accompanies not only inflammatory changes but also the neoplastic process and that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin 17 (IL-17) plays a critical role in inducing the formation of NETs during the OSCC. The greatest achievement of our published findings was the demonstration of the formation and release of NETs from neutrophils cocultured with tumor cells, as well as after stimulation with supernatant from the SCC culture with a PI3K-independent Akt kinase activation mechanism. Moreover, the pioneering achievement of our studies was the localization of NET structures in the tumor tissue, as well as the observation of high concentrations of NET markers in the serum of OSCC patients with low concentrations in the saliva, indicating the differences in the course of immune response between the periphery and the local reactions.Conclusions: The data presented here provide surprising but important information on the role of NETs in the course of OSCC, thus pointing to a promising new direction in the development of management strategies for early noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of the disease course, and perhaps immunotherapy. Furthermore, this review raises further questions and elaborates on the process of NETosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of
Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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20
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Jain N, Shahrukh S, Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Immune cell-camouflaged surface-engineered nanotherapeutics for cancer management. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:57-79. [PMID: 36347447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (NCs) have shown potential in delivering hydrophobic cytotoxic drugs and tumor-specific targeting. However, the inability to penetrate the tumor microenvironment and entrapment by macrophages has limited their clinical translation. Various cell-based drug delivery systems have been explored for their ability to improve circulation half-life and tumor accumulation capabilities. Tumors are characterized by high inflammation, which aids in tumor progression and metastasis. Immune cells show natural tumor tropism and penetration inside the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are a topic of great interest in cancer drug delivery. However, the TME is immunosuppressive and can polarize immune cells to pro-tumor. Thus, the use of immune cell membrane-coated NCs has gained popularity. Such carriers display immune cell-specific surface receptors for tumor-specific accumulation but lack cell machinery. The lack of immune cell machinery makes them unaffected by the immunosuppressive TME, meanwhile maintaining the inherent tumor tropism. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism behind the movement of various immune cells toward TME, the preparation and characterization of membrane-coated NCs, and the efficacy of immune cell-mimicking NCs in tumor therapy. Regulatory guidelines and the bottlenecks in clinical translation are also highlighted. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nanocarriers have been explored for the site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutics. However, low systemic circulation half-life, extensive entrapment by macrophages, and poor accumulation inside the tumor microenvironment prevent the clinical translation of conventional nanotherapeutics. Immune cells possess the natural tropism towards the tumor along the chemokine gradient. Hence, coating the nanocarriers with immune cell-derived membranes can improve the accumulation of nanocarriers inside the tumor. Moreover, coating with membranes derived autologous immune cells will prevent engulfment by the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitik Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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21
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Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng J, Zhou H, Zong Z. Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010334. [PMID: 36613779 PMCID: PMC9820455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibrous networks consisting of depolymerized chromatin DNA skeletons with a variety of antimicrobial proteins. They are secreted by activated neutrophils and play key roles in host defense and immune responses. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are globally known for their high mortality and morbidity. Increasing research suggests that NETs contribute to the progression and metastasis of digestive tract tumors, among them gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. This article explores the formation of NETs and reviews the role that NETs play in the gastrointestinal oncologic microenvironment, tumor proliferation and metastasis, tumor-related thrombosis, and surgical stress. At the same time, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative detection methods of NETs in recent years and found that NETs are specific markers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Then, we explore the possibility of NET inhibitors for the treatment of digestive tract tumor diseases to provide a new, efficient, and safe solution for the future therapy of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sounbuli K, Mironova N, Alekseeva L. Diverse Neutrophil Functions in Cancer and Promising Neutrophil-Based Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415827. [PMID: 36555469 PMCID: PMC9779721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most abundant cell type of leukocytes in the human blood and have been considered a vital player in the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Recently, several studies showed that neutrophils play an active role in the immune response during cancer development. They exhibited both pro-oncogenic and anti-tumor activities under the influence of various mediators in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils can be divided into several subpopulations, thus contradicting the traditional concept of neutrophils as a homogeneous population with a specific function in the innate immunity and opening new horizons for cancer therapy. Despite the promising achievements in this field, a full understanding of tumor-neutrophil interplay is currently lacking. In this review, we try to summarize the current view on neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer, discuss the different communication pathways between tumors and neutrophils, and focus on the implementation of these new findings to develop promising neutrophil-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Sounbuli
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Ludmila Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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23
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Zhu D, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. PAD4 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2414. [PMID: 36365233 PMCID: PMC9699117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic spread of malignancies and the risk of cancer-associated thrombosis are major clinical challenges in cancer therapy worldwide. As an important post-translational modification enzyme, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) could mediate the citrullination of protein in different components (including nucleus and cytoplasm, etc.) of a variety of cells (tumor cells, neutrophils, macrophages, etc.), thus participating in gene regulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) and macrophage extracellular trap (MET). Thereby, PAD4 plays an important role in enhancing the growth of primary tumors and facilitating the distant metastasis of cancer cells. In addition, it is related to the formation of cancer-associated thrombosis. Therefore, the development of PAD4-specific inhibitors may be a promising strategy for treating cancer, and it may improve patient prognosis. In this review, we describe PAD4 involvement in gene regulation, protein citrullination, and NET formation. We also discuss its potential role in cancer and cancer-associated thrombosis, and we summarize the development and application of PAD4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
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24
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Wan Y, Shen J, Ouyang J, Dong P, Hong Y, Liang L, Liu J. Bibliometric and visual analysis of neutrophil extracellular traps from 2004 to 2022. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025861. [PMID: 36341351 PMCID: PMC9634160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are specialized structures formed by neutrophils that were initially found to be important in killing pathogenic bacteria during infection. With the development of related research, the relationship between NETs and diseases such as sepsis, cancer, and systemic lupus erythematosus has received close attention. However, there is a lack of reports that comprehensively and objectively present the current status of NETs-related studies. Therefore, this study aims to visually analyze the current status and trends of NETs-related research by means of bibliometrics and knowledge mapping. Methods NETs-related articles and reviews were retrieved using the Web of Science core collection subject search, and bibliometric analysis was performed in Excel 365, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix (R-Tool of R-Studio). Results A total of 4866 publications from 2004 to 2022 were included in the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications shows an increasing trend from year to year. Collaborative network analysis shows that the United States and Germany are the most influential countries in this field, with the highest number of publications and citations. The journal with the most publications is Frontiers in Immunology. Brinkmann Volker is an authoritative author in this field, and his publication "Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria" is the most frequently cited. The literature and keyword analysis shows that the relationship between NETs and diseases (hematological diseases, sepsis, cancer, etc.) and cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, etc.) is a popular research topic. Currently, NETs and SARS-CoV-2-related studies are at the forefront of the field. Conclusion This study is the first to visualize the research in NETs-related fields using bibliometric methods, revealing the trends and frontiers of NETs research. This study will provide valuable references for scholars to find research focus questions and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Dong
- College of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jinghua Liu,
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25
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Bożyk A, Nicoś M. The Overview of Perspectives of Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1640. [PMID: 36295075 PMCID: PMC9604747 DOI: 10.3390/life12101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard diagnostics procedure for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires a pathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained by surgery or biopsy, which are considered invasive sampling procedures. Due to this fact, re-sampling of the primary tumor at the moment of progression is limited and depends on the patient's condition, even if it could reveal a mechanism of resistance to applied therapy. Recently, many studies have indicated that liquid biopsy could be provided for the noninvasive management of NSCLC patients who receive molecularly targeted therapies or immunotherapy. The liquid biopsy of neoplastic patients harbors small fragments of circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) secreted to the circulation from normal cells, as well as a subset of tumor-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). In NSCLC patients, a longitudinal assessment of genetic alterations in "druggable" genes in liquid biopsy might improve the follow-up of treatment efficacy and allow for the detection of an early progression before it is detectable in computed tomography or a clinical image. However, a liquid biopsy may be used to determine a variety of relevant molecular or genetic information for understanding tumor biology and its evolutionary trajectories. Thus, liquid biopsy is currently associated with greater hope for common diagnostic and clinical applications. In this review, we would like to highlight diagnostic challenges in the application of liquid biopsy into the clinical routine and indicate its implications on the metastatic spread of NSCLC or monitoring of personalized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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26
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Rada M, Hassan N, Lazaris A, Metrakos P. The molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil infiltration in vessel co-opting colorectal cancer liver metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004793. [PMID: 36330498 PMCID: PMC9623070 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLMs) have two major histopathological growth patterns (HGPs): desmoplastic (DHGP) and replacement (RHGP). The DHGP tumours derive their vasculature by angiogenesis, while the RHGP tumours use vessel co-option. Various studies have associated RHGP tumours with an unfavourable prognosis, as well as high levels of resistance to anti-angiogenic agents and chemotherapy. Recently, we reported higher numbers of neutrophils in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of vessel co-opting tumours compared to their angiogenic counterparts. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotype are unclear. Herein, we suggested a positive correlation between the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) in the hepatocytes and the presence of neutrophils in vessel co-opting tumours. Importantly, upregulation of Ang1 in the hepatocytes is associated with the presence of runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) in the neighboring cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our data suggest the molecular mechanisms by which neutrophils are infiltrated in vessel co-opting CRCLM lesions. This finding may yield novel therapeutic strategies for CRCLM patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Rada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Metrakos
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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27
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Jiang W, Li X, Xiang C, Zhou W. Neutrophils in pancreatic cancer: Potential therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1025805. [PMID: 36324574 PMCID: PMC9618950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1025805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a digestive system malignancy and poses a high mortality worldwide. Traditionally, neutrophils have been thought to play a role in acute inflammation. In contrast, their importance during tumor diseases has been less well studied. Generally, neutrophils are recruited into the tumor microenvironment and exert inflammation and tumor-promoting effects. As an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils play diverse roles in pancreatic cancer, such as angiogenesis, progression, metastasis and immunosuppression. Additionally, neutrophils can be a new potential therapeutic target in cancer. Inhibitors of cytokines, chemokines and neutrophil extracellular traps can exert antitumor effects. In this review, we describe the role of neutrophils in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, discuss their potential as therapeutic targets, and aim to provide ideas for improving the prognosis of patients with this malignant tumor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caifei Xiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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28
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High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Facilitates Cancer Growth-Currently Marketed Drugs Tadalafil, Isotretinoin, Colchicine, and Omega-3 to Reduce It: The TICO Regimen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194965. [PMID: 36230888 PMCID: PMC9564173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several elements that are composed of, or related to, neutrophils, have been shown to inhibit strong immune responses to cancer and promote cancers’ growth. This paper presents the collected data showing these elements and how their coordinated actions as an ensemble facilitate growth in the common cancers. The paper goes on to present a drug regimen, TICO, designed to reduce the cancer growth enhancing effects of the neutrophil related elements. TICO uses four already marketed, readily available generic drugs, repurposed to inhibit neutrophil centered growth facilitation of cancer. Abstract This paper presents remarkably uniform data showing that higher NLR is a robust prognostic indicator of shorter overall survival across the common metastatic cancers. Myeloid derived suppressor cells, the NLRP3 inflammasome, neutrophil extracellular traps, and absolute neutrophil count tend to all be directly related to the NLR. They, individually and as an ensemble, contribute to cancer growth and metastasis. The multidrug regimen presented in this paper, TICO, was designed to decrease the NLR with potential to also reduce the other neutrophil related elements favoring malignant growth. TICO is comprised of already marketed generic drugs: the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil, used to treat inadequate erections; isotretinoin, the retinoid used for acne treatment; colchicine, a standard gout (podagra) treatment; and the common fish oil supplement omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These individually impose low side effect burdens. The drugs of TICO are old, cheap, well known, and available worldwide. They all have evidence of lowering the NLR or the growth contributing elements related to the NLR when clinically used in general medicine as reviewed in this paper.
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29
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Tang X, Li D, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Li A, Qi F, Liu J. Natural cell based biomimetic cellular transformers for targeted therapy of digestive system cancer. Theranostics 2022; 12:7080-7107. [PMID: 36276645 PMCID: PMC9576611 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the world. Although cancer treatment options are increasingly diversified, the mortality rate of malignant cancer of the digestive system remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to explore effective cancer treatment methods. Recently, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems based on natural cells that organically integrate the low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, cancer targeting, and controllable, versatile functionality of smart nanocarrier design with natural cells have been expected to break through the bottleneck of tumor targeted therapy. In this review, we focus on the dynamic changes and complex cellular communications that occur in vivo in natural cells based vehicles. Recent studies on the development of advanced targeted drug delivery systems using the dynamic behaviors such as specific surface protein affinity, morphological changes, and phenotypic polarization of natural cells are summarized. In addition to drug delivery mediated by dynamic behavior, functional "delivery" based on the natural cell themselves is also involved. Aiming to make the best use of the functions of cells, providing clues for the development of advanced drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Fu Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201315, China
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30
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Kaltenmeier C, Yazdani HO, Handu S, Popp B, Geller D, Tohme S. The Role of Neutrophils as a Driver in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cancer Growth. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887565. [PMID: 35844608 PMCID: PMC9284204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an essential role in the response to sterile inflammation and its association with liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Liver IRI often manifests during times of surgical stress such as cancer surgery or liver transplantation. Following the initiation of liver IRI, stressed hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which promote the infiltration of innate immune cells which then initiate an inflammatory cascade and cytokine storm. Upon reperfusion, neutrophils are among the first cells that infiltrate the liver. Within the liver, neutrophils play an important role in fueling tissue damage and tumor progression by promoting the metastatic cascade through the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETs are composed of web-like DNA structures containing proteins that are released in response to inflammatory stimuli in the environment. Additionally, NETs can aid in mediating liver IRI, promoting tumor progression, and most recently, in mediating early graft rejection in liver transplantation. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of innate immune cells, with a focus on neutrophils, and their role in mediating IRI in mouse and human diseases, including cancer and transplantation. Moreover, we will investigate the interaction of Neutrophils with varying subtypes of other cells. Furthermore, we will discuss the role and different treatment modalities in targeting Neutrophils and NETs to prevent IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Kaltenmeier
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sanah Handu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brandon Popp
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - David Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Samer Tohme,
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Kast RE, Alfieri A, Assi HI, Burns TC, Elyamany AM, Gonzalez-Cao M, Karpel-Massler G, Marosi C, Salacz ME, Sardi I, Van Vlierberghe P, Zaghloul MS, Halatsch ME. MDACT: A New Principle of Adjunctive Cancer Treatment Using Combinations of Multiple Repurposed Drugs, with an Example Regimen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2563. [PMID: 35626167 PMCID: PMC9140192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In part one of this two-part paper, we present eight principles that we believe must be considered for more effective treatment of the currently incurable cancers. These are addressed by multidrug adjunctive cancer treatment (MDACT), which uses multiple repurposed non-oncology drugs, not primarily to kill malignant cells, but rather to reduce the malignant cells' growth drives. Previous multidrug regimens have used MDACT principles, e.g., the CUSP9v3 glioblastoma treatment. MDACT is an amalgam of (1) the principle that to be effective in stopping a chain of events leading to an undesired outcome, one must break more than one link; (2) the principle of Palmer et al. of achieving fractional cancer cell killing via multiple drugs with independent mechanisms of action; (3) the principle of shaping versus decisive operations, both being required for successful cancer treatment; (4) an idea adapted from Chow et al., of using multiple cytotoxic medicines at low doses; (5) the idea behind CUSP9v3, using many non-oncology CNS-penetrant drugs from general medical practice, repurposed to block tumor survival paths; (6) the concept from chess that every move creates weaknesses and strengths; (7) the principle of mass-by adding force to a given effort, the chances of achieving the goal increase; and (8) the principle of blocking parallel signaling pathways. Part two gives an example MDACT regimen, gMDACT, which uses six repurposed drugs-celecoxib, dapsone, disulfiram, itraconazole, pyrimethamine, and telmisartan-to interfere with growth-driving elements common to cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. gMDACT is another example of-not a replacement for-previous multidrug regimens already in clinical use, such as CUSP9v3. MDACT regimens are designed as adjuvants to be used with cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Alfieri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1100, Lebanon;
| | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Ashraf M. Elyamany
- Oncology Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, SECI Assiut University Egypt/King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Christine Marosi
- Clinical Division of Medical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael E. Salacz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mohamed S. Zaghloul
- Children’s Cancer Hospital & National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.-E.H.)
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