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Lodge M, Dykes R, Kennedy A. Regulation of Fructose Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 39062559 PMCID: PMC11274671 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevations in fructose consumption have been reported to contribute significantly to an increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in industrial countries. Mechanistically, a high fructose intake leads to the dysregulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and causes elevations in inflammation and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high fructose consumption is considered to be toxic to the body, and there are ongoing measures to develop pharmaceutical therapies targeting fructose metabolism. Although a large amount of work has summarized the effects fructose exposure within the intestine, liver, and kidney, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how fructose both indirectly and directly influences immune cell recruitment, activation, and function in metabolic tissues, which are essential to tissue and systemic inflammation. The most recent literature demonstrates that direct fructose exposure regulates oxidative metabolism in macrophages, leading to inflammation. The present review highlights (1) the mechanisms by which fructose metabolism impacts crosstalk between tissues, nonparenchymal cells, microbes, and immune cells; (2) the direct impact of fructose on immune cell metabolism and function; and (3) therapeutic targets of fructose metabolism to treat NAFLD. In addition, the review highlights how fructose disrupts liver tissue homeostasis and identifies new therapeutic targets for treating NAFLD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall Campus, Box 7622, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Uguz H, Avcı B, Palabıyık E, Nurseli Sulumer A, Kızıltunç Özmen H, Demir Y, Aşkın H. Naringenin, Hesperidin and Quercetin Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Damage In Rats: In Vivo And In Silico Evaluations. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301613. [PMID: 38105348 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to determine how well naringenin, hesperidin, and quercetin prevented damage brought on by radiotherapy. During the investigation, 48 adult female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Eight groups of eight rats each were formed by randomly assigning the rats to the groups. The normal control group was represented by Group 1. Group 2 rats were those that received a dose of 15 Gray (Gy) of radiotherapy. The rats assigned to Group 3 received only Naringenin, whereas those assigned to Group 4 received only quercetine, and those assigned to Group 5 received only hesperidin. Rats in Group 6, 7 and 8 were received naringenin, quarcetin and hesperidin at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for one week prior to radiotheraphy exposition. After radiotheraphy and phenolic compounds rats were sacrificed and some metabolic enzyme (aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) activity was determined in eye and brain tissues. It was found that phenolic compounds have protective effect against radiation-induced damage because of their anti-diabetic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, hesperidin was found to be superior to quercetin and naringenin in terms of enzyme activity efficacy. Furthermore, hesperidin exhibited favorable binding affinity for BChE in silico compared to other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Uguz
- Deparment Department of Field Crops, Ataturk University, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kızıltunç Özmen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
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Sulumer AN, Palabıyık E, Avcı B, Uguz H, Demir Y, Serhat Özaslan M, Aşkın H. Protective effect of bromelain on some metabolic enzyme activities in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:17-27. [PMID: 37749825 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of one or more plasma lipids, such as phospholipids, cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and triglycerides, is known as hyperlipidemia. In humans and experimental animals, bromelain, the primary active ingredient isolated from pineapple stems, has several positive effects, including anti-tumor growth, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective impact of bromelain on some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], aldose reductase [AR], butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], and acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), activity in the heart, kidney, and liver of rats with tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into three groups: control group, HL-control group (tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p. administered group), and HL+bromelain (group receiving bromelain 250 mg/kg/o.d. prior to administration of tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p.). BChE, SDH, and AR enzyme activities were significantly increased in all tissues in HL-control compared to the control, whereas the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. Bromelain had a regulatory effect on all tissues and enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results prove that bromelain is a new mediator that decreases hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uguz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Li X, Wang J, Guo Z, Ma Y, Xu D, Fan D, Dai P, Chen Y, Liu Q, Jiao J, Fan J, Wu N, Li X, Li G. Copper metabolism-related risk score identifies hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes and SLC27A5 as a potential regulator of cuproptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:15084-15113. [PMID: 38157255 PMCID: PMC10781498 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Dysregulated copper metabolism has been noticed in many types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, a comprehensive understanding about this dysregulation still remains unclear in HCC. METHODS A set of bioinformatic tools was integrated to analyze the expression and prognostic significance of copper metabolism-related genes. A related risk score, termed as CMscore, was developed via univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression. Pathway enrichment analyses and tumor immune cell infiltration were further investigated in CMscore stratified HCC patients. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify potential regulator of cuproptosis. RESULTS Copper metabolism was dysregulated in HCC. HCC patients in the high-CMscore group showed a significantly lower overall survival (OS) and enriched in most cancer-related pathways. Besides, HCC patients with high CMscore had higher expression of pro-tumor immune infiltrates and immune checkpoints. Moreover, cancer patients with high CMscore from two large cohorts exhibited significantly prolonged survival time after immunotherapy. WGCNA and subsequently correlation analysis revealed that SLC27A5 might be a potential regulator of cuproptosis in HCC. In vitro experiments revealed that SLC27A5 inhibited cell proliferation and migration of HCC cells and could upregulate FDX1, the key regulator of cuproptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The CMscore is helpful in clustering HCC patients with distinct prognosis, gene mutation signatures, and sensitivity to immunotherapy. SLC27A5 might serve as a potential target in the induction of cuproptosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zongliang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Daguang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongwen Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Jinke Jiao
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Jinhan Fan
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Ningxue Wu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoyin Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Center for Teacher Professional Ability Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shannxi, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Kim S, Lee SY, Seo HR. Deciphering the underlying mechanism of liver diseases through utilization of multicellular hepatic spheroid models. BMB Rep 2023; 56:225-233. [PMID: 36814078 PMCID: PMC10140482 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very common form of cancer worldwide and is often fatal. Although the histopathology of HCC is characterized by metabolic pathophysiology, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, the focus of treatment has been on eliminating HCC. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) multicellular hepatic spheroid (MCHS) models have provided a) new therapeutic strategies for progressive fibrotic liver diseases, such as antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory drugs, b) molecular targets, and c) treatments for metabolic dysregulation. MCHS models provide a potent anti-cancer tool because they can mimic a) tumor complexity and heterogeneity, b) the 3D context of tumor cells, and c) the gradients of physiological parameters that are characteristic of tumors in vivo. However, the information provided by an multicelluar tumor spheroid (MCTS) model must always be considered in the context of tumors in vivo. This mini-review summarizes what is known about tumor HCC heterogeneity and complexity and the advances provided by MCHS models for innovations in drug development to combat liver diseases. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(4): 225-233].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Kim
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Palabıyık E, Sulumer AN, Uguz H, Avcı B, Askın S, Askın H, Demir Y. Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3004. [PMID: 36537558 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment are both influenced by hyperlipidemia. Due to their high margin of safety and low cost, natural chemicals have recently attracted particular attention in the context of the treatment of disease. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible amendatory impact of ethanol extract walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat (E-WSC) on some metabolic enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) activity in the liver, kidney, and heart of rats with Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into five groups: control group, HL-Control group (Triton WR-1339 400 mg/kg, i.p administered group), E- WSC + 150 (150 mg/kg,o.d given group), E- WSC + 300 (E- WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d given group) and HL+ E-WSC + 300 (Group receiving E- WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d 30 min prior to administration of Triton WR-1339 400 mg/kg, i.p). In HL-Control, AR, SDH, and BChE enzyme activity was significantly increased in all tissues compared to the control, while the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. The effects of hyperlipidemia on balance were improved and alterations in the activity of the investigated metabolic enzymes were prevented by E-WSC. As a result, promising natural compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cognitive disorders and hyperlipidemia may be found in E-WSC powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uguz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seda Askın
- Health Services Vocational School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Askın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
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Abdel-Hamid NM, Sherif MH, Al Samahy AE, Abdelhamid MS. Plasma Insulin/Erythrocytic Aldose Reductase Ratio as a Predictor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Type II Diabetics and Hepatitis C Virus-infected Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3815-3823. [PMID: 36444594 PMCID: PMC9930971 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a possible oncogenic progression during persistent hepatitis C-infection +/- type II diabetes mellitus (DM). We aim to investigate the plasma insulin, erythrocytic aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) as possible predictive tools for HCC in hepatitis C-infected patients (HCV) +/- DM. Erythrocytes (RBCs) were adopted as a possible vehicle for pre-malignant variations being of short life span. Methods: The study included 20 healthy control and 100 patients of 48-64 years old, divided into 5 equal groups as; type II DM, HCC, HCC with DM, DM- HCV infected and non-DM HCV infected. Plasma levels of AFP and insulin were measured. RESULTS It showed an elevated AR, significant reduction of SDH in RBCs and plasma of DM patients. These values were greatly elevated among HCV, HCC, diabetic HCV, and diabetic HCC patients. All DM patients showed elevated insulin levels than normoglycemic controls. CONCLUSION The study substantiated the use of RBCs as a vehicle for early diagnostic markers better than plasma. We recommend the use of insulin/ erythrocytic AR ratio as a new laboratory marker for predicting HCC among type II diabetics or non-treated HCV-infected patients with control insulin/ erythrocytic AR ratio by each laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Mohie Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Mohamad H Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa E Al Samahy
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Significant Alteration of Critical Metabolic Pathways Due to Sorafenib-Resistance in Hep3B Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911975. [PMID: 36233276 PMCID: PMC9569810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second prominent cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Usually, HCC is diagnosed in advanced stages, wherein sorafenib, a multiple target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used as the first line of treatment. Unfortunately, resistance to sorafenib is usually encountered within six months of treatment. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify the underlying reasons for drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated the proteomic and metabolomics alterations accompanying sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells by employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The Bruker Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) library was used to identify the differentially abundant metabolites through MetaboScape 4.0 software (Bruker). For protein annotation and identification, the Uniprot proteome for Homo sapiens (Human) database was utilized through MaxQuant. The results revealed that 27 metabolites and 18 proteins were significantly dysregulated due to sorafenib resistance in Hep3B cells compared to the parental phenotype. D-alanine, L-proline, o-tyrosine, succinic acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC, 16:0/16:0) were among the significantly altered metabolites. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, UDP-glucose-6-dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and calpain small subunit 1 were among the significantly altered proteins. The findings revealed that resistant Hep3B cells demonstrated significant alterations in amino acid and nucleotide metabolic pathways, energy production pathways and other pathways related to cancer aggressiveness, such as migration, proliferation and drug-resistance. Joint pathway enrichment analysis unveiled unique pathways, including the antifolate resistance pathway and other important pathways that maintain cancer cells' survival, growth, and proliferation. Collectively, the results identified potential biomarkers for sorafenib-resistant HCC and gave insights into their role in chemotherapeutic drug resistance, cancer initiation, progression and aggressiveness, which may contribute to better prognosis and chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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Zhao Y, Kong LX, Feng FS, Yang J, Wei G. A simple CD4+ T cells to FIB-4 ratio for evaluating prognosis of BCLC-B hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:311. [PMID: 35321670 PMCID: PMC8941753 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy has become a new therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its treatment results are considerably different. CD4+ T cells (CD4+) are the key to immunotherapy, but patients with HCC that have low CD4+ are rarely observed for clinical evidence. Hepatitis B virus-related HCC is often accompanied by cirrhosis and portal hypertension; therefore, CD4+ tend to be relatively low in number. TACE is the standard treatment for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-B HCC, which may further reduce the number of CD4 + . Methods This retrospective cohort study further reduced CD4+ by including patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to observe the relationship between CD4+ and Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) induced HCC. A total of 170 BCLC-B HCC patients (42 HIV+) were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to evaluate the independent risk factors for the two-year survival. Results The statistical analysis of the two-year survival rate showed that the main factors influencing survival were liver function and immune indices, including CD4+, platelet, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) (P < 0.05). Compared with that in other indices, in logistic and ANN multivariate analysis, CD4 + -to-FIB-4 ratio (CD4+/FIB-4) had the highest importance with 0.716 C-statistic and 145.93 cut-off value. In terms of overall survival rate, HIV infection was not a risk factor (P = 0.589); however, CD4+/FIB-4 ≤ 145.93 significantly affected patient prognosis (P = 0.002). Conclusion HIV infection does not affect the prognosis of BCLC-B HCC, but CD4+ have a significant predictive value. CD4+ played a vital role in HCC and this deserves the attention from physicians. Further, the CD4+/FIB-4 is a clinically valuable effective prognostic indicator for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xiang Kong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver transplantation Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Shi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver transplantation Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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