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Loginova N, Aniskin D, Timashev P, Ulasov I, Kharwar RK. GBM Immunotherapy: Macrophage Impacts. Immunol Invest 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38634572 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2337022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive form of brain tumor with low survival rates. Current treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are problematic due to tumor growth, invasion, and tumor microenvironment. GBM cells are resistant to these standard treatments, and the heterogeneity of the tumor makes it difficult to find a universal approach. Progression of GBM and acquisition of resistance to therapy are due to the complex interplay between tumor cells and the TME. A significant portion of the TME consists of an inflammatory infiltrate, with microglia and macrophages being the predominant cells. METHODS Analysis of the literature data over a course of 5 years suggest that the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are capable of releasing cytokines and growth factors that promote tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis while inhibiting immune cell function at the same time. RESULTS Thus, immunosuppressive state, provided with this intensively studied kind of TME cells, is supposed to promote GBM development through TAMs modulation of tumor treatment-resistance and aggressiveness. Therefore, TAMs are an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of glioblastoma. CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the nature of TAMs and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs, focusing on the variety of macrophage properties, being modulated, as well as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Loginova
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Aniskin
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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2
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Gurrieri L, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T, Fausti V, Dall'Agata M, Riva N, Ranallo N, Pasini G, Tazzari M, Foca F, Bartolini D, Riccioni L, Cavatorta C, Morigi FP, Bulgarelli J, Cocchi C, Ghini V, Tosatto L, Martinelli G, Pession A, Ridolfi L. Immuno markers in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients underwent Stupp protocol after neurosurgery: a retrospective series. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:55-64. [PMID: 37584750 PMCID: PMC10462527 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of our retrospective study investigated the role of immune system in glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults characterized by a poor prognosis. The recurrence rate remains high, probably due to "immune-desert" tumor microenvironment (TME) making GBM hidden from the anti-tumoral immune clearance. Considering this, we aimed to create a panel of prognostic markers from blood and tumor tissue correlating with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS Firstly, we analyzed the inflammatory markers NLR and PLR as the ratio of the absolute neutrophil count and absolute platelet count by the absolute lymphocyte count respectively, collected at different time points in the peripheral blood of 95 patients. Furthermore, in 31 patients of the same cohort, we analyzed the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples to further compare the impact of circulating and inflammatory markers within the TME. RESULTS Patients aged < 60 years and with methylated MGMT showed better OS. While, pre-chemotherapy Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) < 480 was related to a better OS and PFS, we observed that only CD68+macrophage and CD66b+neutrophils expressed in vascular/perivascular area (V) showed a statistically significant prognostic role in median OS and PFS. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we underscored a role of SII as predictive value of response to STUPP protocol. Regarding the TME-related markers, we suggested to take into consideration for future studies with new immunotherapy combinations, each component relating to expression of immune infiltrating subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Gurrieri
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Fausti
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Monia Dall'Agata
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Nada Riva
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ranallo
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pasini
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Infermi" Hospital, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Flavia Foca
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Luca Riccioni
- Pathology Unit, "Maurizio Bufalini" Hospital, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavatorta
- Pathology Unit, "Maurizio Bufalini" Hospital, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Virginia Ghini
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Luigino Tosatto
- Neurosurgery, "Maurizio Bufalini" Hospital, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Direcrorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Division of Pediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Ridolfi
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
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3
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Olivet MM, Brown MC, Reitman ZJ, Ashley DM, Grant GA, Yang Y, Markert JM. Clinical Applications of Immunotherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma in Adults. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3901. [PMID: 37568717 PMCID: PMC10416859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite standard therapies, including resection and chemoradiation, recurrence is virtually inevitable. Current treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is rapidly evolving, and emerging therapies aimed at targeting primary GBM are often first tested in rGBM to demonstrate safety and feasibility, which, in recent years, has primarily been in the form of immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight progress in clinical trials of immunotherapy for rGBM, including immune checkpoint blockade, oncolytic virotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, cancer vaccine and immunotoxins. Three independent reviewers covered literature, published between the years 2000 and 2022, in various online databases. In general, the efficacy of immunotherapy in rGBM remains uncertain, and is limited to subsets/small cohorts of patients, despite demonstrating feasibility in early-stage clinical trials. However, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that may preclude rGBM patients from responding to immunotherapy, as well as in developing new approaches/combination strategies that may inspire optimism for the utility of immunotherapy in this devastating disease. Continued trials are necessary to further assess the best therapeutic avenues and ascertain which treatments might benefit each patient individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Mandabach Olivet
- Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Michael C. Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.C.B.); (D.M.A.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Zachary J. Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - David M. Ashley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.C.B.); (D.M.A.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.C.B.); (D.M.A.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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4
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Bosio A, Lombardi G. Recurrent Glioblastoma: What Is the Route? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072028. [PMID: 37046689 PMCID: PMC10093407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive malignant primary central nervous system tumor in adults [...]
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5
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Abstract
The purpose of this editorial is to consider some of the aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of adult gliomas. These are rare diseases with all their limitations. Innovations in diagnosis and therapy and their constraints are analyzed and compared with the current treatment reality. Aspects affecting these patients' quality of life are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Silvani
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
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6
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Perdyan A, Lawrynowicz U, Horbacz M, Kaminska B, Mieczkowski J. Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to reveal the glioblastoma heterogeneity. F1000Res 2022; 11:1180. [PMID: 36875988 PMCID: PMC9978243 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126243.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a deadly brain tumor, is still one of a few lasting challenges of contemporary oncology. Current therapies fail to significantly improve patient survival due to GBM tremendous genetic, transcriptomic, immunological, and sex-dependent heterogeneity. Over the years, clinical differences between males and females were characterized. For instance, higher incidence of GBM in males or distinct responses to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy between males and females have been noted. Despite the introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, these differences were not further investigated as studies were focused only on revealing the general picture of GBM heterogeneity. Hence, in this mini-review, we summarized the current state of knowledge on GBM heterogeneity revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics with regard to genetics, immunology, and sex-dependent differences. Additionally, we highlighted future research directions which would fill the gap of knowledge on the impact of patient's sex on the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Perdyan
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Urszula Lawrynowicz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Horbacz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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7
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Perdyan A, Lawrynowicz U, Horbacz M, Kaminska B, Mieczkowski J. Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to reveal the glioblastoma heterogeneity. F1000Res 2022; 11:1180. [PMID: 36875988 PMCID: PMC9978243 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a deadly brain tumor, is still one of the few lasting challenges of contemporary oncology. Current therapies fail to significantly improve patient survival due to GBM's tremendous genetic, transcriptomic, immunological, and sex-dependent heterogeneity. Over the years, clinical differences between males and females were characterized. For instance, higher incidence of GBM in males or distinct responses to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy between males and females have been noted. However, despite the introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, these differences were not further investigated as studies were focused only on exposing the general picture of GBM heterogeneity. Hence, in this study, we summarized the current state of knowledge on GBM heterogeneity exposed by single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics with regard to genetics, immunology, and sex-dependent differences. Additionally, we highlighted future research directions which would fill the gap of knowledge on the impact of patient's sex on the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Perdyan
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Urszula Lawrynowicz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Horbacz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Menna G, Mattogno PP, Donzelli CM, Lisi L, Olivi A, Della Pepa GM. Glioma-Associated Microglia Characterization in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment through A ‘Seed-and Soil’ Approach: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060718. [PMID: 35741603 PMCID: PMC9220868 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Ever since the discovery of tumor-associated immune cells, there has been growing interest in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these cells and tumor cells. A “seed and soil” approach has been recently introduced to describe the glioblastoma (GBM) landscape: tumor microenvironments act as fertile “soil” and interact with the “seed” (glial and stem cells compartment). In the following article, we provide a systematic review of the current evidence pertaining to the characterization of glioma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) and microglia and macrophage cells in the glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: An online literature search was launched on PubMed Medline and Scopus using the following research string: “((Glioma associated macrophages OR GAM OR Microglia) AND (glioblastoma tumor microenvironment OR TME))”. The last search for articles pertinent to the topic was conducted in February 2022. Results: The search of the literature yielded a total of 349 results. A total of 235 studies were found to be relevant to our research question and were assessed for eligibility. Upon a full-text review, 58 articles were included in the review. The reviewed papers were further divided into three categories based on their focus: (1) Microglia maintenance of immunological homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity; (2) Microglia crosstalk with dedifferentiated and stem-like glioblastoma cells; (3) Microglia migratory behavior and its activation pattern. Conclusions: Aggressive growth, inevitable recurrence, and scarce response to immunotherapies are driving the necessity to focus on the GBM TME from a different perspective to possibly disentangle its role as a fertile ‘soil’ for tumor progression and identify within it feasible therapeutic targets. Against this background, our systematic review confirmed microglia to play a paramount role in promoting GBM progression and relapse after treatments. The correct and extensive understanding of microglia–glioma crosstalk could help in understanding the physiopathology of this complex disease, possibly opening scenarios for improvement of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Menna
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Pier Paolo Mattogno
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Carlo Maria Donzelli
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Maria Della Pepa
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630154120
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Mercau ME, Patwa S, Bhat KPL, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV. Cell death in development, maintenance, and diseases of the nervous system. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:725-738. [PMID: 35508671 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death, be it of neurons or glial cells, marks the development of the nervous system. Albeit relatively less so than in tissues such as the gut, cell death is also a feature of nervous system homeostasis-especially in context of adult neurogenesis. Finally, cell death is commonplace in acute brain injuries, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and in some central nervous system tumors such as glioblastoma. Recent studies are enumerating the various molecular modalities involved in the execution of cells. Intimately linked with cell death are mechanisms of disposal that remove the dead cell and bring about a tissue-level response. Heretofore, the association between these methods of dying and physiological or pathological responses has remained nebulous. It is envisioned that careful cartography of death and disposal may reveal novel understandings of disease states and chart new therapeutic strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Mercau
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Siraj Patwa
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Krishna P L Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology-Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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