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Zhou M, Sun W, Chu J, Liao Y, Xu P, Chen X, Li M. Identification of novel biomarkers for frailty diagnosis via serum amino acids metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024; 18:e2300035. [PMID: 38196151 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to analyze serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients, gain a better understanding of the metabolic mechanisms in frailty, and assess the diagnostic value of metabolomics-based biomarkers of frailty. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study utilized the ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to examine amino acids associated with frailty. Additionally, we employed multivariate statistical methods, metabolomic data analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Among the assayed amino acid metabolites, we identified biomarkers for frailty. ROC curve analysis for frailty diagnosis based on the modified Fried's frailty index showed that the areas under ROC curve of tryptophan, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and combination were 0.775, 0.679, 0.667, and 0.807, respectively. ROC curve analysis for frailty diagnosis based on Frail Scale showed that the areas under ROC curve of cystine, phenylalanine, and combination of amino acids (cystine, L-Glutamine, citrulline, tyrosine, kynurenine, phenylalanine, glutamin acid) were 0.834, 0.708, and 0.854 respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, we explored the serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of frailty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Frailty is a clinical syndrome, as a consequence it is challenging to identify at early course of the disease, even based on the existing frailty scales. Early diagnosis and appropriate patient management are the key to improve the survival and limit disabilities in frailty patients. Proven by the extensive laboratory and clinical studies on frailty, comprehensive analysis of metabolic levels in frail patients, identification of biomarkers and study of pathogenic pathways of metabolites contribute to the prediction and early diagnosis of frailty. In this study, we explored the serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhou
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Chu
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Chen
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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2
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Manfreda L, Rampazzo E, Persano L, Viola G, Bortolozzi R. Surviving the hunger games: Metabolic reprogramming in medulloblastoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115697. [PMID: 37481140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor characterized by its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Metabolic changes have recently emerged as key factors in the development, progression, and response to therapy in various types of cancer. Cancer cells exhibit remarkable adaptability by modulating glucose, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotide metabolism to survive in nutrient- and oxygen-deprived environments. Although medulloblastoma has been extensively studied from a genomic perspective, leading to the identification of four subgroups and their respective subcategories, the investigation of its metabolic phenotype has remained relatively understudied. This review focus on the available literature, aiming to summarize the current knowledge about the main metabolic pathways that are deregulated in medulloblastoma tumors, while emphasizing the controversial aspects and the progress that is yet to be made. Furthermore, we underscored the insights gained so far regarding the impact of metabolism on the development of drug resistance in medulloblastoma and the therapeutic strategies employed to target specific metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Manfreda
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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3
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Cooper AJL, Dorai T, Pinto JT, Denton TT. Metabolic Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Adaptation to "Glutamine Addiction" in Cancer Cells: The Role of Glutaminase and the GTωA [Glutamine Transaminase-ω-Amidase (Glutaminase II)] Pathway. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1131. [PMID: 37627015 PMCID: PMC10452834 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers utilize l-glutamine as a major energy source. Often cited in the literature as "l-glutamine addiction", this well-characterized pathway involves hydrolysis of l-glutamine by a glutaminase to l-glutamate, followed by oxidative deamination, or transamination, to α-ketoglutarate, which enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, mammalian tissues/cancers possess a rarely mentioned, alternative pathway (the glutaminase II pathway): l-glutamine is transaminated to α-ketoglutaramate (KGM), followed by ω-amidase (ωA)-catalyzed hydrolysis of KGM to α-ketoglutarate. The name glutaminase II may be confused with the glutaminase 2 (GLS2) isozyme. Thus, we recently renamed the glutaminase II pathway the "glutamine transaminase-ω-amidase (GTωA)" pathway. Herein, we summarize the metabolic importance of the GTωA pathway, including its role in closing the methionine salvage pathway, and as a source of anaplerotic α-ketoglutarate. An advantage of the GTωA pathway is that there is no net change in redox status, permitting α-ketoglutarate production during hypoxia, diminishing cellular energy demands. We suggest that the ability to coordinate control of both pathways bestows a metabolic advantage to cancer cells. Finally, we discuss possible benefits of GTωA pathway inhibitors, not only as aids to studying the normal biological roles of the pathway but also as possible useful anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. L. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.D.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Thambi Dorai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.D.); (J.T.P.)
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - John T. Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.D.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Travis T. Denton
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA 99164, USA
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA 99164, USA
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4
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Pan E. Potential Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Patients with CNS Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3807. [PMID: 37568623 PMCID: PMC10417102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges in identifying effective therapies for CNS tumors continue to be daunting [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pan
- Daiichi-Sankyo, Inc., 211 Mt. Airy Road, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
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5
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Nguyen TTT, Katt WP, Cerione RA. Alone and together: current approaches to targeting glutaminase enzymes as part of anti-cancer therapies. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 4:FDD79. [PMID: 37009252 PMCID: PMC10051075 DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a major hallmark of malignant transformation in cancer, and part of the so-called Warburg effect, in which the upregulation of glutamine catabolism plays a major role. The glutaminase enzymes convert glutamine to glutamate, which initiates this pathway. Inhibition of different forms of glutaminase (KGA, GAC, or LGA) demonstrated potential as an emerging anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. The regulation of these enzymes, and the molecular basis for their inhibition, have been the focus of much recent research. This review will explore the recent progress in understanding the molecular basis for activation and inhibition of different forms of glutaminase, as well as the recent focus on combination therapies of glutaminase inhibitors with other anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Tien T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - William P Katt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Graziani V, Garcia AR, Alcolado LS, Le Guennec A, Henriksson MA, Conte MR. Metabolic rewiring in MYC-driven medulloblastoma by BET-bromodomain inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1273. [PMID: 36690651 PMCID: PMC9870962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. High-risk MB patients harbouring MYC amplification or overexpression exhibit a very poor prognosis. Aberrant activation of MYC markedly reprograms cell metabolism to sustain tumorigenesis, yet how metabolism is dysregulated in MYC-driven MB is not well understood. Growing evidence unveiled the potential of BET-bromodomain inhibitors (BETis) as next generation agents for treating MYC-driven MB, but whether and how BETis may affect tumour cell metabolism to exert their anticancer activities remains unknown. In this study, we explore the metabolic features characterising MYC-driven MB and examine how these are altered by BET-bromodomain inhibition. To this end, we employed an NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to the MYC-driven MB D283 and D458 cell lines before and after the treatment with the BETi OTX-015. We found that OTX-015 triggers a metabolic shift in both cell lines resulting in increased levels of myo-inositol, glycerophosphocholine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, glycine, serine, pantothenate and phosphocholine. Moreover, we show that OTX-015 alters ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling system, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways in both cell lines. These insights provide a metabolic characterisation of MYC-driven childhood MB cell lines, which could pave the way for the discovery of novel druggable pathways. Importantly, these findings will also contribute to understand the downstream effects of BETis on MYC-driven MB, potentially aiding the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Graziani
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aida Rodriguez Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Sainero Alcolado
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marie Arsenian Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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7
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Cooper AJL, Dorai T, Pinto JT, Denton TT. α-Ketoglutaramate-A key metabolite contributing to glutamine addiction in cancer cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1035335. [PMID: 36404951 PMCID: PMC9671947 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1035335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. L. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Thambi Dorai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - John T. Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Travis T. Denton
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, United States
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, United States
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8
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Marabitti V, Giansanti M, De Mitri F, Gatto F, Mastronuzzi A, Nazio F. Pathological implications of metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in medulloblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007641. [PMID: 36340043 PMCID: PMC9627342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific alterations in metabolism have been recognized to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival in many cancer types. However, metabolic heterogeneity poses a challenge for the establishment of effective anticancer therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most heterogeneous malignant pediatric brain tumors, divided into four molecular subgroups (Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4). Recent progresses in genomics, single-cell sequencing, and novel tumor models have updated the classification and stratification of MB, highlighting the complex intratumoral cellular diversity of this cancer. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms through which MB cells rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and empower rapid growth, survival under stressful conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Additionally, we discuss the potential clinical benefits of currently available drugs that could target energy metabolism to suppress MB progression and increase the efficacy of the current MB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Giansanti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Mitri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Martín-Rubio P, Espiau-Romera P, Royo-García A, Caja L, Sancho P. Metabolic determinants of stemness in medulloblastoma. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:587-598. [PMID: 36157911 PMCID: PMC9453267 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i8.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most prevalent brain tumours in children. They are classified as grade IV, the highest in malignancy, with about 30% metastatic tumours at the time of diagnosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of tumour cells that can initiate and support tumour growth. In MB, CSCs contribute to tumour initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Metabolic differences among the different MB groups have started to emerge. Sonic hedgehog tumours show enriched lipid and nucleic acid metabolism pathways, whereas Group 3 MBs upregulate glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glutamine anabolism, and glutathione-mediated anti-oxidant pathways. Such differences impact the clinical behaviour of MB tumours and can be exploited therapeutically. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge about metabolic rewiring in MB, with a particular focus on MB-CSCs. Finally, we highlight some of the emerging metabolism-based therapeutic strategies for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba Royo-García
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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