1
|
Stamer DK, Goldsmith J, Dodge LE, Tahan SR. Invasion risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ by histological subtype: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2024-209608. [PMID: 38839089 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2024-209608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis) can be classified histopathologically into four subtypes: full-thickness (FT), hypertrophic actinic keratosis (HAK), Bowenoid, and acantholytic types. 3%-5% of SCCis lesions progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iSCC), however progression risk by subtype has not been assessed. Aim one of this study is to quantitatively assess the risk of iSCC associated with each histological subtype of SCCis. Aim two is to evaluate if the histological grade of iSCC differs among subtypes of the associated SCCis. METHODS The pathology information system at our institution was queried for cutaneous SCCis cases with and without associated iSCC from 2020 to 2022. The study group consisted of 65 cases of SCCis with associated iSCC and control group 65 randomly selected cases of SCCis without invasion. For each case SCCis subtype was classified as FT, HAK, Bowenoid or acantholytic type. iSCCs were classified as low grade if well to moderately differentiated (LG) and high grade (HG) if moderately to poorly differentiated. RESULTS iSCC was most often associated with HAK-type SCCis, followed by acantholytic and FT-type SCCis, with Bowenoid type rarely associated with iSCC. 41% (14/34) of iSCCs associated with HAK-type SCCis were HG compared with 84% (21/25) for FT-type SCCis. CONCLUSIONS iSCC is most often associated with HAK-type SCCis, followed by acantholytic and FT-types, and rarely with Bowenoid type. HG invasive SCC is most often associated with FT-type, and LG with HAK-type SCCis. Stratifying SCCis by subtype can inform clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Goldsmith
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura E Dodge
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven R Tahan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiménez-Labaig P, Rullan A, Braña I, Hernando-Calvo A, Moreno V, Doger B, Bitar G, Ap Dafydd D, Melcher A, Harrington KJ. Intratumoral therapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 127:102746. [PMID: 38696902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents an ideal scenario for intratumoral therapies (IT), due to its local recurrence pattern and frequent superficial extension. IT therapies aim to effect tumor regression by directly injecting antineoplastic agents into lesions. However, there is a lack of updated evidence regarding IT therapies in HNSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic literature search (CRD42023462291) was conducted using WebOfScience, ClinicalTrials.gov, and conference abstracts from ESMO and ASCO, identifying for IT clinical trials in patients with HNSCC, from database creation to September 12th, 2023. Efficacy as well as safety (grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events[trAEs]) were reported. RESULTS After evaluation of 1180 articles identified by the systematic search, 31 studies treating 948 patients were included. IT injectables were categorized as chemotherapies with or without electroporation (k = 4, N = 268), oncolytic viruses, plasmids, and bacteria-based (k = 16, N = 446), immunotherapies and EGFR-based therapies (k = 5, N = 160), radioenhancer particles (k = 2, N = 68), and calcium electroporation (k = 1, n = 6). EGFR-antisense plasmids, NBTXR3 radioenhancer and immune innate agonists show best overall response rates, at 83 %, 81 % and 44 % respectively. Eleven (35 %) studies added systemic therapy or radiotherapy to the IT injections. No study used predictive biomarkers to guide patient selection. 97 % studies were phase I-II. Safety-wise, electroporation and epinephrine-based injectable trials had significant local symptoms such as necrosis, fistula formation and post-injection dysphagia. Treatment-related tumor haemorrhages of various grades were described in several trials. Grade ≥ 3 trAEs attributable to the other therapies mainly comprised general symptoms such as fatigue. There were 3 injectable-related deaths across the systematic review. CONCLUSION This is the first review to summarize all available evidence of IT in HNSCC. As of today, IT therapies lack sufficient evidence to recommend their use in clinical practice. Continuing research on potential molecules, patient selection, safe administration of injections and controlled randomized trials are needed to assess their added benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez-Labaig
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Braña
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Lung and Head & Neck Tumors Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernando-Calvo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit (UITM), Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FDJ, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid-FDJ, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - George Bitar
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derfel Ap Dafydd
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Melcher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu S, Li Y, Feng W, Zeng J, Cui X, Zhou S, Zhang P. GBP1 promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion through activation of STAT3 by SP1. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15112. [PMID: 38840385 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) ranks as the second most prevalent skin tumour (excluding melanoma). However, the molecular mechanisms driving cSCC progression remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate GBP1 expression in cSCC and elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms underlying cSCC development. GBP1 expression was assessed across public databases, cell lines and tissue samples. Various assays, including clone formation, CCK8 and EdU were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, while wound healing and transwell assays determined cell migration and invasion. Subcutaneous tumour assays were conducted to assess in vivo tumour proliferation, and molecular mechanisms were explored through western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Results identified GBP1 as an oncogene in cSCC, with elevated expression in both tumour tissues and cells, strongly correlating with tumour stage and grade. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that increased GBP1 expression significantly enhanced cSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, GBP1 interaction with SP1 promoted STAT3 activation, contributing to malignant behaviours. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role of the GBP1/SP1/STAT3 signalling axis in regulating tumour progression in cSCC. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of cSCC development and offer potential therapeutic targets for interventions against cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Site Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jizhang Zeng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Situo Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang D, Han S, Ma Z. Advances in IL-7 Research on Tumour Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:415. [PMID: 38675377 PMCID: PMC11054630 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a versatile cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system's homeostasis. It is involved in the development, proliferation, and differentiation of B and T cells, as well as being essential for the differentiation and survival of naïve T cells and the production and maintenance of memory T cells. Given its potent biological functions, IL-7 is considered to have the potential to be widely used in the field of anti-tumour immunotherapy. Notably, IL-7 can improve the tumour microenvironment by promoting the development of Th17 cells, which can in turn promote the recruitment of effector T cells and NK cells. In addition, IL-7 can also down-regulate the expression of tumour growth factor-β and inhibit immunosuppression to promote anti-tumour efficacy, suggesting potential clinical applications for anti-tumour immunotherapy. This review aims to discuss the origin of IL-7 and its receptor IL-7R, its anti-tumour mechanism, and the recent advances in the application of IL-7 in tumour therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (C.F.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (D.W.); (S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zambrano-Román M, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Valle Y, Muñoz-Valle JF, Guevara-Gutiérrez E, López-Olmos PA, Sepúlveda-Loza LC, Bautista-Herrera LA, Valdés-Alvarado E. PTCH1 Gene Variants, mRNA Expression, and Bioinformatics Insights in Mexican Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38534460 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) constitutes 20% of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cases. PTCH1, a tumor suppressor gene involved in the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in neoplastic processes. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study, encompassing 211 cSCC patients and 290 individuals in a control group (CG), was performed. A subgroup of samples was considered for the relative expression analysis, and the results were obtained using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with TaqMan® probes. The functional, splicing, and disease-causing effects of the proposed variants were explored via bioinformatics. RESULTS cSCC was predominant in men, especially in sun-exposed areas such as the head and neck. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the rs357564, rs2236405, rs2297086, and rs41313327 variants of PTCH1, or in the risk of cSCC, nor in the mRNA expression between the cSCC group and CG. A functional effect of rs357564 and a disease-causing relation to rs41313327 was identified. CONCLUSION The proposed variants were not associated with cSCC risk in this Mexican population, but we recognize the need for analyzing larger population groups to elucidate the disease-causing role of rare variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Zambrano-Román
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Jorge R Padilla-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Yeminia Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Guevara-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aidé López-Olmos
- Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Valdés-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wright QG, Sinha D, Wells JW, Frazer IH, Gonzalez Cruz JL, Leggatt GR. Peritumoral administration of immunomodulatory antibodies as a triple combination suppresses skin tumor growth without systemic toxicity. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007960. [PMID: 38296598 PMCID: PMC10831460 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancers, particularly keratinocyte cancers, are the most commonly diagnosed tumors. Although surgery is often effective in early-stage disease, skin tumors are not always easily accessible, can reoccur and have the ability to metastasize. More recently, immunotherapies, including intravenously administered checkpoint inhibitors, have been shown to control some skin cancers, but with off-target toxicities when used in combination. Our study investigated whether peritumoral administration of an antibody combination targeting PD-1, 4-1BB (CD137) and VISTA might control skin tumors and lead to circulating antitumor immunity without off-target toxicity. METHODS The efficacy of combination immunotherapy administered peritumorally or intravenously was tested using transplantable tumor models injected into mouse ears (primary tumors) or subcutaneously in flank skin (secondary tumors). Changes to the tumor microenvironment were tracked using flow cytometry while tumor-specific, CD8 T cells were identified through enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Off-target toxicity of the combination immunotherapy was assessed via serum alanine aminotransferase ELISA and histological analysis of liver sections. RESULTS The data showed that local administration of antibody therapy eliminated syngeneic murine tumors transplanted in the ear skin at a lower dose than required intravenously, and without measured hepatic toxicity. Tumor elimination was dependent on CD8 T cells and was associated with an increased percentage of CD8 T cells expressing granzyme B, KLRG1 and Eomes, and a decreased population of CD4 T cells including CD4+FoxP3+ cells in the treated tumor microenvironment. Importantly, untreated, distal tumors regressed following antibody treatment of a primary tumor, and immune memory prevented growth of subcutaneous flank tumors administered 50 days after regression of a primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest that peritumoral immunotherapy for skin tumors offers advantages over conventional intravenous delivery, allowing antibody dose sparing, improved safety and inducing long-term systemic memory. Future clinical trials of immunotherapy for primary skin cancer should focus on peritumoral delivery of combinations of immune checkpoint antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin G Wright
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Georgescu SR, Tocut SM, Matei C, Ene CD, Nicolae I, Tampa M. A Panel of Potential Serum Markers Related to Angiogenesis, Antioxidant Defense and Hypoxia for Differentiating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Actinic Keratoses. J Pers Med 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38248804 PMCID: PMC10820834 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) arising from the malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes is the second most common skin cancer. Actinic keratosis (AK), which is considered cSCC in situ, may progress into invasive tumors. Currently, there are no serum markers that can differentiate cSCC from AK. The aim of our study was to assess angiogenesis and oxidative stress in patients with cSCC and patients with AK and find reliable serum markers useful in the diagnosis of cSCC. We have determined the serum levels of a group of proangiogenic factors (MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, FGF2), the total antioxidative status/capacity (TAS/TAC), ImAnOx, a marker of oxidative stress, and HIF-1 alpha, an indicator of hypoxia. We have identified higher serum levels of MMP-2. MMP-9, VEGF, FGF2 and HIF-1 alpha and lower levels of ImAnOx in cSCC patients compared to AK patients and controls. There were no statistically significant differences between AK patients and controls. We have found positive correlations between proangiogenic markers and HIF-1 alpha and negative correlations between proangiogenic markers and ImAnOx. Our results suggest that MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, FGF2, ImAnOx and HIF-1 may be promising markers for differentiating AK from cSCC, and there is a link between angiogenesis, oxidative stress and hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sandra Milena Tocut
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Wolfson Medical Center”, 61 Halochamim Street, 58100 Holon, Israel
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
- Departments of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao Y, Li Y, Xiang X, Liu X, Ma G. Photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative for recurrent plantar cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103843. [PMID: 37863376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor typically treated through surgical removal. However, when the lesion is situated in specific areas like the hands, feet, or lips, particularly if it's sizable, surgical interventions can adversely impact appearance and function. In such cases, non-surgical treatments are preferable to preserve both aesthetics and functionality. We present a case of recurrent cSCC on the plantar region post-surgery. Given the extensive lesion area, deep infiltration, and the patient's reliance on foot function, hematoporphyrin derivative-photodynamic therapy (HpD-PDT) was chosen over traditional surgery. The lesion was successfully treated, and while a minor recurrence was observed after 20 months, it was localized and amenable to non-surgical intervention. We posit that HpD-PDT is a viable treatment for cSCC, especially in unique locations, with extensive lesions, and postoperative recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, dermatology department, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanliang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, dermatology department, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guozhang Ma
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, dermatology department, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi J, Wang Y, He W, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhao Z, Lam JWY, Zhang P, Kwok RTK, Tang BZ. Precise Molecular Engineering of Type I Photosensitizer with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Image-Guided Photodynamic Eradication of Biofilm. Molecules 2023; 28:5368. [PMID: 37513241 PMCID: PMC10385678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections exert more severe and harmful attacks on human health since they can accelerate the generation and development of the antibiotic resistance of the embedded bacteria. Anti-biofilm materials and techniques that can eliminate biofilms effectively are in urgent demand. Therefore, we designed a type I photosensitizer (TTTDM) with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property and used F-127 to encapsulate the TTTDM into nanoparticles (F-127 AIE NPs). The NPs exhibit highly efficient ROS generation by enhancing intramolecular D-A interaction and confining molecular non-radiative transitions. Furthermore, the NPs can sufficiently penetrate the biofilm matrix and then detect and eliminate mature bacterial biofilms upon white light irradiation. This strategy holds great promise for the rapid detection and eradication of bacterial biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ziyue Ye
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mengli Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jacky Wing Yip Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ryan Tsz Kin Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stătescu L, Trandafir LM, Țarcă E, Moscalu M, Leon Constantin MM, Butnariu LI, Trandafirescu MF, Tîrnovanu MC, Heredea R, Pătrașcu AV, Botezat D, Cojocaru E. Advancing Cancer Research: Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11176. [PMID: 37446352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers require a multidisciplinary approach. The updated guidelines introduce new insights into the management of these diseases. Melanoma (MM), the third most common skin cancer, a malignant melanocytic tumor, which is classified into four major histological subtypes, continues to have the potential to be a lethal disease. The mortality-incidence ratio is higher in Eastern European countries compared to Western European countries, which shows the need for better prevention and early detection in Eastern European countries. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain the top two skin cancers, and their incidence continues to grow. The gold standard in establishing the diagnosis and establishing the histopathological subtype in BCC and SCC is a skin biopsy. Sebaceous carcinoma (SeC) is an uncommon and potentially aggressive cutaneous malignancy showing sebaceous differentiation. It accounts for 0.7% of skin cancers and 3-6.7% of cancer-related deaths. Due to the rapid extension to the regional lymph nodes, SeC requires early treatment. The main treatment for sebaceous carcinoma is surgical treatment, including Mohs micrographic surgery, which has the advantage of complete margin evaluation and low recurrence rates. Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases, with no evidence of extracutaneous determination at the moment of the diagnosis. PCLs have usually a very different evolution, prognosis, and treatment compared to the lymphomas that may secondarily involve the skin. The aim of our review is to summarize the important changes in the approach to treating melanoma, non-melanoma skin, cutaneous T and B cell lymphomas, and other types of skin cancers. For all skin cancers, optimal patient management requires a multidisciplinary approach including dermatology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stătescu
- Medical III Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II-Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Rodica Heredea
- Department of Clinical Practical Skills, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Valentin Pătrașcu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Doru Botezat
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song X, Chen CI, Konidaris G, Zimmerman NM, Ruiz E. Real-world analysis of cost, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the US. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 23:911-920. [PMID: 37313647 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2223982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe real-world characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (mCSCC). METHODS This retrospective observational study used MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental claims databases (1/1/2013-7/31/2019). Adult patients with mCSCC who initiated non-immunotherapy systemic treatment (i.e. index event) between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 were assessed for treatment patterns, all-cause and CSCC-related healthcare resource utilization, costs, and mortality . RESULTS Overall, 207 patients were included in the study(mean age 64.8 years, 76.3% male), 59.4% had prior radiotherapy, and 58.9% had prior CSCC-related surgery. During follow-up, 75.8%, 51.7%, and 35.7% of patients received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy as first-line treatment, respectively. Cisplatin (32.9%) and carboplatin (22.7%) were the most common chemotherapy agents, and cetuximab (32.4%) was the most common targeted therapy during the first-line.Probability of death (95% CI) at month 6, year 1, and year 2 was 24% (16-32%), 50% (40 - 59%), and 67% (56 - 75%), respectively. Average CSCC-related healthcare costs were $5,354 per person per month (PPPM), with outpatient costs being the major cost driver at 96.4% ($5,160 PPPM). CONCLUSION During 2014-2018, patients with mCSCC were commonly treated with cisplatin and cetuximab; prognosis was generally poor. These results indicate opportunity for new treatments to improve survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Chieh-I Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bommakanti KK, Kosaraju N, Tam K, Chai-Ho W, St John M. Management of Cutaneous Head and Neck Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinomas for Immunocompromised Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3348. [PMID: 37444461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) continues to rise, and more than one million cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. The increase in prevalence has been attributed to increased lifespan and improvements in survival for conditions that increase the risk of these malignancies. Patients who are immunocompromised have a higher risk of developing NMSC compared to the general population. In immunosuppressed patients, a combination of prevention, frequent surveillance, and early intervention are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. In this review, we collate and summarize current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of head and neck cutaneous SCC and BCC within immunocompromised patients, examine the potential role of the immune response in disease progression, and detail the role of novel immunotherapies in this subset of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Bommakanti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Nikitha Kosaraju
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Kenric Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Wanxing Chai-Ho
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Masarwy R, Shilo S, Carmel Neiderman NN, Kampel L, Horowitz G, Muhanna N, Mansour J. The Prognostic Value and Clinical Utility of the 40-Gene Expression Profile (40-GEP) Test in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092456. [PMID: 37173922 PMCID: PMC10177351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current tumor staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are considered inadequate and insufficient for evaluating the risk of metastasis and for identifying patients at high risk of cSCC. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic significance of a 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) both independently and integrated with clinicopathologic risk factors and established staging systems (American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition (AJCC8) and Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH)). METHODS Electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify cohort studies and randomized controlled trials on evaluations of the prediction value of 40-GEP in cSCC patients up to January 2023. The metastatic risk analysis of a given 40-GEP class combined with tumor stage and/or other clinicopathologic risk factors was based upon log hazard ratios (HRs) and their standard error (SE). Heterogeneity and subgroup analyses were performed, and data quality was assessed. RESULTS A total of 1019 patients from three cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall three-year metastatic-free survival rates were 92.4%, 78.9%, and 45.4% for class 1 (low risk), class 2A (Intermediate risk), and class 2B (high risk) 40-GEP, respectively, indicating a significant variation in survival rates between the risk classification groups. The pooled positive predictive value was significantly higher in class 2B when compared to AJCC8 or BWH. The subgroup analyses demonstrated significant superiority of integrating 40-GEP with clinicopathologic risk factors or AJCC8/BWH, especially for class 2B patients. CONCLUSIONS The integration of 40-GEP with staging systems can improve the identification of cSCC patients at high risk of metastasis, potentially leading to improved care and outcomes, especially in the high-risk class 2B group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan Masarwy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shahaf Shilo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Narin Nard Carmel Neiderman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liyona Kampel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gilad Horowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nidal Muhanna
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jobran Mansour
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alzahrani N, Al Jurdi A, Riella LV. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2023; 28:46-54. [PMID: 36579684 PMCID: PMC9811500 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers. Malignancies are one of the leading causes of death in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Although ICI treatment may be an effective option in treating malignancies in SOTRs, concerns about triggering allograft rejection have been raised in this population. Herein, we will review currently available data regarding patients, allograft and malignancy outcomes in SOTRs who received ICI therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer incidence is three to five-fold higher among SOTRs, compared with the general population. Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer after transplant, followed by kidney cancer, lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. There are no large prospective studies evaluating ICI therapy's use for treating cancers in SOTRs. However, retrospective studies have shown that ICI treatment may be associated with improved malignancy outcomes and overall survival (OS). However, the risk of allograft rejection is high (around 40%) of whom about half lose their allograft. Maintaining higher levels of immunosuppression may be associated with a lower risk of allograft rejection, but potentially worse malignancy outcomes. SUMMARY Although ICI treatment may be associated with improved patient and malignancy outcomes, the risk of allograft rejection and loss are high. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefits of ICI therapy in SOTRs and to evaluate the optimal immunosuppression regimen modifications, if any, to improve patient, malignancy and allograft outcomes in transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alzahrani
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayman Al Jurdi
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): A Review of the Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031098. [PMID: 36769745 PMCID: PMC9917711 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of melanoma treatment has undergone a dramatic revolution in the past decade. The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) represents a novel therapeutic approach that can selectively infect and lyse tumor cells and induce local and systemic antitumor immune responses. As the first OV approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for melanoma treatment, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a genetically modified herpes simplex virus (HSV), has shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of advanced melanoma, both as a monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapies, such as the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). With proven efficacy, T-VEC has been evaluated against a variety of other cancer types in a clinical trial setting. In this article, we will provide a review on OVs and the application of T-VEC in melanoma monotherapy and combination therapy. In addition, we will review the recent progress of T-VEC application in other cutaneous cancer types. Moreover, we will briefly describe our experience of T-VEC therapy at City of Hope, aiming to provide more insight for expanding its future application.
Collapse
|
16
|
Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215325. [PMID: 36358744 PMCID: PMC9657466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous squamous cell cancer is a form of skin cancer, which is typically found in older fair-skinned individuals with frequent sun exposure. Most patients present with limited disease and can be treated with a combination of surgery and/or radiation with favorable outcomes. A small percentage of patients present with more aggressive, widespread disease. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved outcomes and has become the preferred treatment option for these patients. In this review article, the rationale for using immunotherapy in patients with squamous cell skin cancer is discussed. A summary of the new treatment options currently being explored is also provided. Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer. A majority of patients present with localized disease, but some can present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Most of these advanced cases occur in the anatomical head and neck region and are associated with more aggressive disease, necessitating prompt and effective treatment. Prior to the emergence of immunotherapy, systemic treatment options were limited to platinum-based chemotherapy and salvaged with targeted epidermal growth factor therapy. These therapies were associated with poor efficacy and increased toxicity in an often frail, older population. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved outcomes in this patient population due to its favorable side effect profile, durable treatment response, and improved overall outcomes. In this review, an overview of the recent advances of immunotherapy in the management of CSCC in the anatomical head and neck region is provided, with a focus on advanced presentations.
Collapse
|