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Zhang C, Lum KY, White JM, Duffy S, Lock AM, Avery VM, Davis RA. Chemical and Antiplasmodial Investigations on Eremophila-Derived Alkaloids and Semisynthetic Ether Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38416027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microthecaline A (1), the known antiplasmodial quinoline serrulatane alkaloid from the roots of Eremophila microtheca F. Muell. ex Benth. (Scrophulariaceae), was targeted for isolation and subsequent use in the generation of a semisynthetic ether library. A large-scale extraction and isolation yielded the previously undescribed quinoline serrulatane microthecaline B (2), along with crystalline 1 that enabled the first X-ray crystallographic analysis to be undertaken on this rare alkaloid structure class. The X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 supported the absolute configuration assignment of microthecaline A, which was originally assigned by ECD data analysis. Microthecaline A (1) was converted into 10 new semisynthetic ether derivatives (3-12) using a diverse series of commercially available alkyl halides. Chemical structures of the new serrulatane alkaloid and semisynthetic ether analogues were assigned by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. Antiplasmodial evaluations of 1-12 showed that the semisynthetic derivative 5 elicited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 7.2 μM against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (drug-sensitive) strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Kah Yean Lum
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Aaron M Lock
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Ramage KS, Lock A, White JM, Ekins MG, Kiefel MJ, Avery VM, Davis RA. Semisynthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of an Ether Analogue Library Based on a Polyhalogenated Diphenyl Ether Scaffold Isolated from a Lamellodysidea Sponge. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38248658 PMCID: PMC10817568 DOI: 10.3390/md22010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The known oxygenated polyhalogenated diphenyl ether, 2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromophenol (1), with previously reported activity in multiple cytotoxicity assays was isolated from the sponge Lamellodysidea sp. and proved to be an amenable scaffold for semisynthetic library generation. The phenol group of 1 was targeted to generate 12 ether analogues in low-to-excellent yields, and the new library was fully characterized by NMR, UV, and MS analyses. The chemical structures for 2, 8, and 9 were additionally determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All natural and semisynthetic compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of DU145, LNCaP, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Compound 3 was shown to have near-equivalent activity compared to scaffold 1 in two in vitro assays, and the activity of the compounds with an additional benzyl ring appeared to be reliant on the presence and position of additional halogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S. Ramage
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.S.R.); (M.G.E.)
| | - Aaron Lock
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Merrick G. Ekins
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.S.R.); (M.G.E.)
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.S.R.); (M.G.E.)
- NatureBank, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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3
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Garcia JH, Akins EA, Jain S, Wolf KJ, Zhang J, Choudhary N, Lad M, Shukla P, Rios J, Seo K, Gill SA, Carson WH, Carette LR, Zheng AC, Raleigh DR, Kumar S, Aghi MK. Multiomic screening of invasive GBM cells reveals targetable transsulfuration pathway alterations. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e170397. [PMID: 37971886 PMCID: PMC10849762 DOI: 10.1172/jci170397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While the poor prognosis of glioblastoma arises from the invasion of a subset of tumor cells, little is known of the metabolic alterations within these cells that fuel invasion. We integrated spatially addressable hydrogel biomaterial platforms, patient site-directed biopsies, and multiomics analyses to define metabolic drivers of invasive glioblastoma cells. Metabolomics and lipidomics revealed elevations in the redox buffers cystathionine, hexosylceramides, and glucosyl ceramides in the invasive front of both hydrogel-cultured tumors and patient site-directed biopsies, with immunofluorescence indicating elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers in invasive cells. Transcriptomics confirmed upregulation of ROS-producing and response genes at the invasive front in both hydrogel models and patient tumors. Among oncologic ROS, H2O2 specifically promoted glioblastoma invasion in 3D hydrogel spheroid cultures. A CRISPR metabolic gene screen revealed cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), which converts cystathionine to the nonessential amino acid cysteine in the transsulfuration pathway, to be essential for glioblastoma invasion. Correspondingly, supplementing CTH knockdown cells with exogenous cysteine rescued invasion. Pharmacologic CTH inhibition suppressed glioblastoma invasion, while CTH knockdown slowed glioblastoma invasion in vivo. Our studies highlight the importance of ROS metabolism in invasive glioblastoma cells and support further exploration of the transsulfuration pathway as a mechanistic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin A. Akins
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UC Berkeley–UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kayla J. Wolf
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jason Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nikita Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meeki Lad
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Poojan Shukla
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Rios
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyounghee Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabraj A. Gill
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Luis R. Carette
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allison C. Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David R. Raleigh
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UC Berkeley–UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at UC Berkeley (QB3-Berkeley), Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D, Kośla K, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. Molecular landscapes of glioblastoma cell lines revealed a group of patients that do not benefit from WWOX tumor suppressor expression. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1260409. [PMID: 37781246 PMCID: PMC10540236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1260409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is notorious for its clinical and molecular heterogeneity, contributing to therapeutic failure and a grim prognosis. WWOX is one of the tumor suppressor genes important in nervous tissue or related pathologies, which was scarcely investigated in GBM for reliable associations with prognosis or disease progression despite known alterations. Recently, we observed a phenotypic heterogeneity between GBM cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U251MG, DBTRG-05MG), among which the anti-GBM activity of WWOX was generally corresponding, but colony growth and formation were inconsistent in DBTRG-05MG. This prompted us to investigate the molecular landscapes of these cell lines, intending to translate them into the clinical context. Methods U87MG/T98G/U251MG/DBTRG-05MG were subjected to high-throughput sequencing, and obtained data were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis, differential expression analysis, functional annotation, and network building. Following the identification of the most relevant DBTRG-distinguishing driver genes, data from GBM patients were employed for, e.g., differential expression analysis, survival analysis, and principal component analysis. Results Although most driver genes were unique for each cell line, some were inversely regulated in DBTRG-05MG. Alongside driver genes, the differentially-expressed genes were used to build a WWOX-related network depicting protein-protein interactions in U87MG/T98G/U251MG/DBTRG-05MG. This network revealed processes distinctly regulated in DBTRG-05MG, e.g., microglia proliferation or neurofibrillary tangle assembly. POLE4 and HSF2BP were selected as DBTRG-discriminating driver genes based on the gene significance, module membership, and fold-change. Alongside WWOX, POLE4 and HSF2BP expression was used to stratify patients into cell lines-resembling groups that differed in, e.g., prognosis and treatment response. Some differences from a WWOX-related network were certified in patients, revealing genes that clarify clinical outcomes. Presumably, WWOX overexpression in DBTRG-05MG resulted in expression profile change resembling that of patients with inferior prognosis and drug response. Among these patients, WWOX may be inaccessible for its partners and does not manifest its anti-cancer activity, which was proposed in the literature but not regarding glioblastoma or concerning POLE4 and HSF2BP. Conclusion Cell lines data enabled the identification of patients among which, despite high expression of WWOX tumor suppressor, no advantageous outcomes were noted due to the cancer-promoting profile ensured by other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Khan S, Lokman NA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Yool AJ. Reducing the Invasiveness of Low- and High-Grade Endometrial Cancers in Both Primary Human Cancer Biopsies and Cell Lines by the Inhibition of Aquaporin-1 Channels. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4507. [PMID: 37760476 PMCID: PMC10526386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels in endometrial cancer (EC) cells are of interest as pharmacological targets to reduce tumor progression. A panel of compounds, including AQP1 ion channel inhibitors (AqB011 and 5-(phenoxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde, PMFC), were used to test the hypothesis that inhibition of key AQPs can limit the invasiveness of low- and high-grade EC cells. We evaluated the effects on transwell migration in EC cell lines (Ishikawa, MFE-280) and primary EC cells established from surgical tissues (n = 8). Quantitative PCR uncovered classes of AQPs not previously reported in EC that are differentially regulated by hormonal signaling. With estradiol, Ishikawa showed increased AQPs 5, 11, 12, and decreased AQPs 0 and 4; MFE-280 showed increased AQPs 0, 1, 3, 4, 8, and decreased AQP11. Protein expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. AQPs 1, 4, and 11 were colocalized with plasma membrane marker; AQP8 was intracellular in Ishikawa and not detectable in MFE-280. AQP1 ion channel inhibitors (AqB011; PMFC) reduced invasiveness of EC cell lines in transwell chamber and spheroid dispersal assays. In Ishikawa cells, transwell invasiveness was reduced ~41% by 80 µM AqB011 and ~55% by 0.5 mM 5-PMFC. In MFE-280, 5-PMFC inhibited invasion by ~77%. In contrast, proposed inhibitors of AQP water pores (acetazolamide, ginsenoside, KeenMind, TGN-020, IMD-0354) were not effective. Treatments of cultured primary EC cells with AqB011 or PMFC significantly reduced the invasiveness of both low- and high-grade primary EC cells in transwell chambers. We confirmed the tumors expressed moderate to high levels of AQP1 detected by immunohistochemistry, whereas expression levels of AQP4, AQP8, and AQP11 were substantially lower. The anti-invasive potency of AqB011 treatment for EC tumor tissues showed a positive linear correlation with AQP1 expression levels. In summary, AQP1 ion channels are important for motility in both low- and high-grade EC subtypes. Inhibition of AQP1 is a promising strategy to inhibit EC invasiveness and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Khan
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
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Michelucci A, Sforna L, Di Battista A, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Ca 2+ -activated K + channels regulate cell volume in human glioblastoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2120-2134. [PMID: 37431808 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal form of brain tumors, bases its malignancy on the strong ability of its cells to migrate and invade the narrow spaces of healthy brain parenchyma. Cell migration and invasion are both critically dependent on changes in cell volume and shape driven by the transmembrane transport of osmotically important ions such as K+ and Cl- . However, while the Cl- channels participating in cell volume regulation have been clearly identified, the precise nature of the K+ channels involved is still uncertain. Using a combination of electrophysiological and imaging approaches in GBM U87-MG cells, we found that hypotonic-induced cell swelling triggered the opening of Ca2+ -activated K+ (KCa ) channels of large and intermediate conductance (BKCa and IKCa , respectively), both highly expressed in GBM cells. The influx of Ca2+ mediated by the hypotonic-induced activation of mechanosensitive channels was found to be a key step for opening both the BKCa and the IKCa channels. Finally, the activation of both KCa channels mediated by mechanosensitive channels was found to be essential for the development of the regulatory volume decrease following hypotonic shock. Taken together, these data indicate that KCa channels are the main K+ channels responsible for the volume regulation in U87-MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Di Battista
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Egbewande FA, Schwartz BD, Duffy S, Avery VM, Davis RA. Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of Halogenated Analogues of Thiaplakortone A. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050317. [PMID: 37233511 DOI: 10.3390/md21050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of bromine, iodine or fluorine into the tricyclic core structure of thiaplakortone A (1), a potent antimalarial marine natural product, is reported. Although yields were low, it was possible to synthesise a small nine-membered library using the previously synthesised Boc-protected thiaplakortone A (2) as a scaffold for late-stage functionalisation. The new thiaplakortone A analogues (3-11) were generated using N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide or a Diversinate™ reagent. The chemical structures of all new analogues were fully characterised by 1D/2D NMR, UV, IR and MS data analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (drug-sensitive) and Dd2 (drug-resistant) strains. Incorporation of halogens at positions 2 and 7 of the thiaplakortone A scaffold was shown to reduce antimalarial activity compared to the natural product. Of the new compounds, the mono-brominated analogue (compound 5) displayed the best antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 0.559 and 0.058 μM against P. falciparum 3D7 and Dd2, respectively, with minimal toxicity against a human cell line (HEK293) observed at 80 μM. Of note, the majority of the halogenated compounds showed greater efficacy against the P. falciparum drug-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake A Egbewande
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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