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Tumangelova-Yuzeir K, Minkin K, Angelov I, Ivanova-Todorova E, Kurteva E, Vasilev G, Arabadjiev J, Karazapryanov P, Gabrovski K, Zaharieva L, Genova T, Kyurkchiev D. Alteration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Glioblastoma Multiforme under the Influence of Photodynamic Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2580-2596. [PMID: 36975539 PMCID: PMC10047864 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The central hypothesis for the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) postulates that the tumor begins its development by transforming neural stem cells into cancer stem cells (CSC). Recently, it has become clear that another kind of stem cell, the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), plays a role in the tumor stroma. Mesenchymal stem cells, along with their typical markers, can express neural markers and are capable of neural transdifferentiation. From this perspective, it is hypothesized that MSCs can give rise to CSC. In addition, MSCs suppress the immune cells through direct contact and secretory factors. Photodynamic therapy aims to selectively accumulate a photosensitizer in neoplastic cells, forming reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation, initiating death pathways. In our experiments, MSCs from 15 glioblastomas (GB-MSC) were isolated and cultured. The cells were treated with 5-ALA and irradiated. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect the marker expression and soluble-factor secretion. The MSCs' neural markers, Nestin, Sox2, and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), were down-regulated, but the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 were retained. The GB-MSCs also reduced their expression of PD-L1 and increased their secretion of PGE2. Our results give us grounds to speculate that the photodynamic impact on GB-MSCs reduces their capacity for neural transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Tumangelova-Yuzeir
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimir Minkin
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Kurteva
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vasilev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Petar Karazapryanov
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Gabrovski
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Zaharieva
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsanislava Genova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobroslav Kyurkchiev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Vilar JB, Christmann M, Tomicic MT. Alterations in Molecular Profiles Affecting Glioblastoma Resistance to Radiochemotherapy: Where Does the Good Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102416. [PMID: 35626024 PMCID: PMC9139489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that remains incurable. Despite multiple past and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials, involving adjuvants to the conventional therapy and based on molecular targeting, no relevant benefit for patients’ survival has been achieved so far. The current first-line treatment regimen is based on ionizing radiation and the monoalkylating compound, temozolomide, and has been administered for more than 15 years. Glioblastoma is extremely resistant to most agents due to a mutational background that elicits quick response to insults and adapts to microenvironmental and metabolic changes. Here, we present the most recent evidence concerning the molecular features and their alterations governing pathways involved in GBM response to the standard radio-chemotherapy and discuss how they collaborate with acquired GBM’s resistance. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by high heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, aggressiveness, and formation of recurrences. Patients with this kind of tumor suffer from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, beyond exhibiting dismal survival rates. Current treatment comprises surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the methylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). GBMs harbor intrinsic mutations involving major pathways that elicit the cells to evade cell death, adapt to the genotoxic stress, and regrow. Ionizing radiation and TMZ induce, for the most part, DNA damage repair, autophagy, stemness, and senescence, whereas only a small fraction of GBM cells undergoes treatment-induced apoptosis. Particularly upon TMZ exposure, most of the GBM cells undergo cellular senescence. Increased DNA repair attenuates the agent-induced cytotoxicity; autophagy functions as a pro-survival mechanism, protecting the cells from damage and facilitating the cells to have energy to grow. Stemness grants the cells capacity to repopulate the tumor, and senescence triggers an inflammatory microenvironment favorable to transformation. Here, we highlight this mutational background and its interference with the response to the standard radiochemotherapy. We discuss the most relevant and recent evidence obtained from the studies revealing the molecular mechanisms that lead these cells to be resistant and indicate some future perspectives on combating this incurable tumor.
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Tachon G, Masliantsev K, Rivet P, Desette A, Milin S, Gueret E, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. MEOX2 Transcription Factor Is Involved in Survival and Adhesion of Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235943. [PMID: 34885053 PMCID: PMC8672280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor for which no curative treatment currently exists. In our previous work, we showed that MEOX2 was associated with a poor patient prognosis but its biological involvement in tumor development remains ill defined. To this purpose, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of MEOX2 in patient-derived glioblastoma cell cultures. We unraveled the MEOX2 contribution to cell viability and growth and its potential involvement in phenotype and adhesion properties of glioblastoma cells. This work paves the way toward a better understanding of the role of MEOX2 in the pathophysiology of primary brain tumors. Abstract The high expression of MEOX2 transcription factor is closely associated with poor overall survival in glioma. MEOX2 has recently been described as an interesting prognostic biomarker, especially for lower grade glioma. MEOX2 has never been studied in glioma stem-like cells (GSC), responsible for glioma recurrence. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of MEOX2 in GSC. Loss of function approach using siRNA was used to assess the impact of MEOX2 on GSC viability and stemness phenotype. MEOX2 was localized in the nucleus and its expression was heterogeneous between GSCs. MEOX2 expression depends on the methylation state of its promoter and is strongly associated with IDH mutations. MEOX2 is involved in cell proliferation and viability regulation through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. MEOX2 loss of function correlated with GSC differentiation and acquisition of neuronal lineage characteristics. Besides, inhibition of MEOX2 is correlated with increased expression of CDH10 and decreased pFAK. In this study, we unraveled, for the first time, MEOX2 contribution to cell viability and proliferation through AKT/ERK pathway and its potential involvement in phenotype and adhesion properties of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Tachon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Konstantin Masliantsev
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Pierre Rivet
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Amandine Desette
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Serge Milin
- Service d’Anatomo-Cytopathologie, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Elise Gueret
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France;
- Montpellier GenomiX, France Génomique, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- Correspondence: (L.K.-T.); (P.-O.G.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- Correspondence: (L.K.-T.); (P.-O.G.)
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Chuang HY, Hsu LY, Pan CM, Pikatan NW, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Chen CH, Yeh CT, Chiu SC. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase NEDD4-1 Mediates Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma through PTEN Attenuation and Redox Imbalance in Nrf2-HO-1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10247. [PMID: 34638586 PMCID: PMC8549703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. It is highly resistant to chemotherapy, and tumor recurrence is common. Neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) is an E3 ligase that controls embryonic development and animal growth. NEDD4-1 regulates the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), one of the major regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, as well as the response to oxidative stress. METHODS The expression levels of NEDD4-1 in GBM tissues and different cell lines were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to explore the biological effects of NEDD4-1 on GBM cells. Temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant U87MG and U251 cell lines were specifically established to determine NEDD4-1 upregulation and its effects on the tumorigenicity of GBM cells. Subsequently, miRNA expression in TMZ-resistant cell lines was investigated to determine the dysregulated miRNA underlying the overexpression of NEDD4-1. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was used to inhibit NEDD4-1 activity, and its effect on chemoresistance to TMZ was verified. RESULTS NEDD4-1 was significantly overexpressed in the GBM and TMZ-resistant cells and clinical samples. NEDD4-1 was demonstrated to be a key oncoprotein associated with TMZ resistance, inducing oncogenicity and tumorigenesis of TMZ-resistant GBM cells compared with TMZ-responsive cells. Mechanistically, TMZ-resistant cells exhibited dysregulated expression of miR-3129-5p and miR-199b-3p, resulting in the induced NEDD4-1 mRNA-expression level. The upregulation of NEDD4-1 attenuated PTEN expression and promoted the AKT/NRF2/HO-1 oxidative stress signaling axis, which in turn conferred amplified defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventually higher resistance against TMZ treatment. The combination treatment of I3C, a known inhibitor of NEDD4-1, with TMZ resulted in a synergistic effect and re-sensitized TMZ-resistant tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the critical role of NEDD4-1 in regulating the redox imbalance in TMZ-resistant GBM cells via the degradation of PTEN and the upregulation of the AKT/NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Targeting this regulatory axis may help eliminate TMZ-resistant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Chuang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan 70967, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan 70967, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang Township 65152, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Pan
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Doctorate Program of Medical and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
| | - Chao-Hsuan Chen
- Biomedicine Institution, Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Combined Treatment with Acalabrutinib and Rapamycin Inhibits Glioma Stem Cells and Promotes Vascular Normalization by Downregulating BTK/mTOR/VEGF Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090876. [PMID: 34577576 PMCID: PMC8464793 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median duration of survival of approximately 14 months after diagnosis. High resistance to chemotherapy remains a major problem. Previously, BTK has been shown to be involved in the intracellular signal transduction including Akt/mTOR signaling and be critical for tumorigenesis. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effect of BTK and mTOR inhibition in GBM. We evaluated the viability of GBM cell lines after treatment with acalabrutinib and/or rapamycin through a SRB staining assay. We then evaluated the effect of both drugs on GBM stem cell-like phenotypes through various in vitro assay. Furthermore, we incubated HUVEC cells with tumorsphere conditioned media and observed their angiogenesis potential, with or without treatment. Finally, we conducted an in vivo study to confirm our in vitro findings and analyzed the effect of this combination on xenograft mice models. Drug combination assay demonstrated a synergistic relationship between acalabrutinib and rapamycin. CSCs phenotypes, including tumorsphere and colony formation with the associated expression of markers of pluripotency are inhibited by either acalabrutinib or rapamycin singly and these effects are enhanced upon combining acalabrutinib and rapamycin. We showed that the angiogenesis capabilities of HUVEC cells are significantly reduced after treatment with acalabrutinib and/or rapamycin. Xenograft tumors treated with both drugs showed significant volume reduction with minimal toxicity. Samples taken from the combined treatment group demonstrated an increased Desmin/CD31 and col IV/vessel ratio, suggesting an increased rate of vascular normalization. Our results demonstrate that BTK-mTOR inhibition disrupts the population of GBM-CSCs and contributes to normalizing GBM vascularization and thus, may serve as a basis for developing therapeutic strategies for chemoresistant/radioresistant GBM.
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Andersen RS, Anand A, Harwood DSL, Kristensen BW. Tumor-Associated Microglia and Macrophages in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Their Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174255. [PMID: 34503065 PMCID: PMC8428223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. Standard of care includes surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite treatment, patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 15 months. The poor prognosis is associated with an increased abundance of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), which are known to play a role in creating a pro-tumorigenic environment and aiding tumor progression. Most treatment strategies are directed against glioblastoma cells; however, accumulating evidence suggests targeting of TAMs as a promising therapeutic strategy. While TAMs are typically dichotomously classified as M1 and M2 phenotypes, recent studies utilizing single cell technologies have identified expression pattern differences, which is beginning to give a deeper understanding of the heterogeneous subpopulations of TAMs in glioblastomas. In this review, we evaluate the role of TAMs in the glioblastoma microenvironment and discuss how their interactions with cancer cells have an extensive impact on glioblastoma progression and treatment resistance. Finally, we summarize the effects and challenges of therapeutic strategies, which specifically aim to target TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Sick Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Atul Anand
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.S.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Dylan Scott Lykke Harwood
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.S.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Sravya P, Nimbalkar VP, Kanuri NN, Sugur H, Verma BK, Kundu P, Rao S, Uday Krishna AS, Somanna S, Kondaiah P, Arivazhagan A, Santosh V. Low mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance in glioblastoma. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:154-163. [PMID: 33045388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in several solid tumors was found to be lower than in their normal counterparts. However, there is paucity of literature on the clinical significance of mtDNA content in glioblastoma and its effect on treatment response. Hence, we studied the prognostic significance of mtDNA content in glioblastoma tumor tissue and the effect of mtDNA depletion in glioblastoma cells on response to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS 130 newly diagnosed glioblastomas, 32 paired newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastomas and 35 non-neoplastic brain tissues were utilized for the study. mtDNA content in the patient tumor tissue was assessed and compared with known biomarkers and patient survival. mtDNA was chemically depleted in malignant glioma cell lines, U87, LN229. The biology and treatment response of parent and depleted cells were compared. RESULTS Lower range of mtDNA copy number in glioblastoma was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.01), progression free survival (p = 0.04) and also with wild type IDH (p = 0.02). In recurrent glioblastoma, mtDNA copy number was higher than newly diagnosed glioblastoma in the patients who received RT (p = 0.01). mtDNA depleted U87 and LN229 cells showed higher survival fraction post radiation exposure when compared to parent lines. The IC50 of TMZ was also higher for mtDNA depleted U87 and LN229 cells. The depleted cells formed more neurospheres than their parent counterparts, thus showing increased stemness of mtDNA depleted cells. CONCLUSION Low mtDNA copy number in glioblastoma is associated with poor patient survival and treatment resistance in cell lines possibly by impacting stemness of the glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palavalasa Sravya
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vidya Prasad Nimbalkar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nandaki Nag Kanuri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Harsha Sugur
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paramita Kundu
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - A S Uday Krishna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, KIDWAI Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sampath Somanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arimappamagan Arivazhagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Vani Santosh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
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Wallenborn M, Xu LX, Kirsten H, Rohani L, Rudolf D, Ahnert P, Schmidt C, Schulz RM, Richter M, Krupp W, Mueller W, Johnson AA, Meixensberger J, Holland H. Molecular analyses of glioblastoma stem-like cells and glioblastoma tissue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234986. [PMID: 32634135 PMCID: PMC7340312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a common, malignant brain tumor whose disease incidence increases with age. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are thought to contribute to cancer therapy resistance and to be responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance, and recurrence. This study utilizes both SNP array and gene expression profiling to better understand GSCs and their relation to malignant disease. Peripheral blood and primary glioblastoma tumor tissue were obtained from patients, the latter of which was used to generate GSCs as well as a CD133pos./CD15pos. subpopulation. The stem cell features of GSCs were confirmed via the immunofluorescent expression of Nestin, SOX2, and CD133. Both tumor tissue and the isolated primary cells shared unique abnormal genomic characteristics, including a gain of chromosome 7 as well as either a partial or complete loss of chromosome 10. Individual genomic differences were also observed, including the loss of chromosome 4 and segmental uniparental disomy of 9p24.3→p21.3 in GSCs. Gene expression profiling revealed 418 genes upregulated in tumor tissue vs. CD133pos./CD15pos. cells and 44 genes upregulated in CD133pos./CD15pos. cells vs. tumor tissue. Pathway analyses demonstrated that upregulated genes in CD133pos./CD15pos. cells are relevant to cell cycle processes and cancerogenesis. In summary, we detected previously undescribed genomic and gene expression differences when comparing tumor tissue and isolated stem-like subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Wallenborn
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Li-Xin Xu
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leili Rohani
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniela Rudolf
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny M. Schulz
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Richter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Krupp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adiv A. Johnson
- Nikon Instruments, Melville, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Heidrun Holland
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ramezani S, Vousooghi N, Joghataei MT, Chabok SY. The Role of Kinase Signaling in Resistance to Bevacizumab Therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 34:345-354. [PMID: 31411929 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor and is characterized by vascular hyperplasia, necrosis, and high cell proliferation. Despite current standard therapies, including surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy, GBM patients survive for only about 15 months after diagnosis. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved an antiangiogenesis medication for recurrent GBM-bevacizumab-which has improved progression-free survival in GBM patients. Although bevacizumab has resulted in significant early clinical benefit, it inescapably predisposes tumor to relapse that can be represented as an infiltrative phenotype. Fundamentally, bevacizumab antagonizes the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is consistently released on both endothelial cells (ECs) and GBM cells. Actually, VEGFA inhibition on the ECs leads to the suppression of vascular progression, permeability, and the vasogenic edema. However, the consequence of the VEGFA pathway blockage on the GBM cells remains controversial. Nevertheless, a piece of evidence supports the relationship between bevacizumab application and compensatory activation of kinase signaling within GBM cells, leading to a tumor cell invasion known as the main mechanism of bevacizumab-induced tumor resistance. A complete understanding of kinase responses associated with tumor invasion in bevacizumab-resistant GBMs offers new therapeutic opportunities. Thus, this study aimed at presenting a brief overview of preclinical and clinical data of the tumor invasion and resistance induced by bevacizumab administration in GBMs, with a focus on the kinase responses during treatment. The novel therapeutic strategies to overcome this resistance by targeting protein kinases have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramezani
- 1Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,2Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- 3Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,4Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,5Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- 6Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,7Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Yousefzadeh Chabok
- 1Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,2Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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10
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Nakod PS, Kim Y, Rao SS. Three-dimensional biomimetic hyaluronic acid hydrogels to investigate glioblastoma stem cell behaviors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:511-522. [PMID: 31691953 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of primary brain tumor. GBM tumors are highly heterogeneous, being composed of tumor cells as well as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that contribute to drug resistance and tumor recurrence following treatment. To develop therapeutic strategies, an improved understanding of GSC behavior in their microenvironment is critical. Herein, we have employed three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels that allow the incorporation of brain microenvironmental cues to investigate GSC behavior. U87 cell line and patient-derived D456 cells were cultured as suspension cultures (serum-free) and adherently (in the presence of serum) and were then encapsulated in HA hydrogels. We observed that all the seeded single cells expanded and formed spheres, and the size of the spheres increased with time. Increasing the initial cell seeding density of cells influenced the sphere size distribution. Interestingly, clonal expansion of serum-free grown tumor cells in HA hydrogels was observed. Also, stemness marker expression of serum and/or serum-free grown cells was altered when cultured in HA hydrogels. Finally, we demonstrated that HA hydrogels can support long-term GSC culture (up to 60 days) with retention of stemness markers. Overall, such biomimetic culture systems could further our understanding of the microenvironmental regulation of GSC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki S Nakod
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
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11
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d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Benedetti E, Antonosante A, Catanesi M, Dominguez-Benot R, Pitari G, Ippoliti R, Cimini A. Theranostic Nanomedicine for Malignant Gliomas. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:325. [PMID: 31799246 PMCID: PMC6868071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors mainly originate from glial cells and are classified as gliomas. Malignant gliomas represent an incurable disease; indeed, after surgery and chemotherapy, recurrence appears within a few months, and mortality has remained high in the last decades. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of malignant gliomas, indicating that a single therapy is not effective for all patients. In this regard, the advent of theranostic nanomedicine, a combination of imaging and therapeutic agents, represents a strategic tool for the management of malignant brain tumors, allowing for the detection of therapies that are specific to the single patient and avoiding overdosing the non-responders. Here, recent theranostic nanomedicine approaches for glioma therapy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Reyes Dominguez-Benot
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pitari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Wang C, Li J, Sinha S, Peterson A, Grant GA, Yang F. Mimicking brain tumor-vasculature microanatomical architecture via co-culture of brain tumor and endothelial cells in 3D hydrogels. Biomaterials 2019; 202:35-44. [PMID: 30836243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with median survival of 12 months and 5-year survival rate less than 5%. GBM is highly vascularized, and the interactions between tumor and endothelial cells play an important role in driving tumor growth. To study tumor-endothelial interactions, the gold standard co-culture model is transwell culture, which fails to recapitulate the biochemical or physical cues found in tumor niche. Recently, we reported the development of poly(ethylene-glycol)-based hydrogels as 3D niche that supported GBM proliferation and invasion. To further mimic the microanatomical architecture of tumor-endothelial interactions in vivo, here we developed a hydrogel-based co-culture model that mimics the spatial organization of tumor and endothelial cells. To increase the physiological relevance, patient-derived GBM cells and mouse brain endothelial cells were used as model cell types. Using hydrolytically-degradable alginate fibers as porogens, endothelial cells were deployed and patterned into vessel-like structures in 3D hydrogels with high cell viability and retention of endothelial phenotype. Co-culture led to a significant increase in GBM cell proliferation and decrease in endothelial cell expression of cell adhesion proteins. In summary, we have developed a novel 3D co-culture model that mimics the in vivo spatial organization of brain tumor and endothelial cells. Such model may provide a valuable tool for future mechanistic studies to elucidate the effects of tumor-endothelial interactions on tumor progression in a more physiologically-relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sauradeep Sinha
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Addie Peterson
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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13
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Krusche B, Ottone C, Clements MP, Johnstone ER, Goetsch K, Lieven H, Mota SG, Singh P, Khadayate S, Ashraf A, Davies T, Pollard SM, De Paola V, Roncaroli F, Martinez-Torrecuadrada J, Bertone P, Parrinello S. EphrinB2 drives perivascular invasion and proliferation of glioblastoma stem-like cells. eLife 2016; 5:e14845. [PMID: 27350048 PMCID: PMC4924994 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive and therapy-resistant brain tumours, which contain a subpopulation of tumour-propagating glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) thought to drive progression and recurrence. Diffuse invasion of the brain parenchyma, including along preexisting blood vessels, is a leading cause of therapeutic resistance, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that ephrin-B2 mediates GSC perivascular invasion. Intravital imaging, coupled with mechanistic studies in murine GBM models and patient-derived GSC, revealed that endothelial ephrin-B2 compartmentalises non-tumourigenic cells. In contrast, upregulation of the same ephrin-B2 ligand in GSC enabled perivascular migration through homotypic forward signalling. Surprisingly, ephrin-B2 reverse signalling also promoted tumourigenesis cell-autonomously, by mediating anchorage-independent cytokinesis via RhoA. In human GSC-derived orthotopic xenografts, EFNB2 knock-down blocked tumour initiation and treatment of established tumours with ephrin-B2-blocking antibodies suppressed progression. Thus, our results indicate that targeting ephrin-B2 may be an effective strategy for the simultaneous inhibition of invasion and proliferation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Krusche
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Ottone
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie P Clements
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan R Johnstone
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Goetsch
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huang Lieven
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroplasticity and Diseases Group, MRC Clinical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia G Mota
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Poonam Singh
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azhaar Ashraf
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Davies
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo De Paola
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroplasticity and Diseases Group, MRC Clinical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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WNT signaling in glioblastoma and therapeutic opportunities. J Transl Med 2016; 96:137-50. [PMID: 26641068 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WNTs and their downstream effectors regulate proliferation, death, and migration and cell fate decision. Deregulation of WNT signaling is associated with various cancers including GBM, which is the most malignant primary brain cancer. In this review, we will summarize the experimental evidence supporting oncogenic roles of WNT signaling in GBM and discuss current progress in the targeting of WNT signaling as an anti-cancer approach. In particular, we will focus on (1) genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to aberrant WNT pathway activation in GBM, (2) WNT-mediated control of GBM stem cell maintenance and invasion, and (3) cross-talk between WNT and other signaling pathways in GBM. We will then review the discovery of agents that can inhibit WNT signaling in preclinical models and the current status of human clinical trials.
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15
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[Cancer stem cells: Radiotherapeutic features and therapeutic targets]. Bull Cancer 2015; 103:48-54. [PMID: 26702506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that many types of cancers contain a cell population presenting stem cell properties. While the great majority of tumor cells are destined to differentiate, and eventually stop dividing, only a minority population of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), possesses extensive self-renewal capability and can recapitulate tumor pathophysiology in an immune-compromised animal model. Tumor initiating cells have been identified and isolated in many tumor types including brain, colon and prostate. They are virtually resistant to radiation and may contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Therefore, therapies specifically targeting CSCs will likely be needed for complete tumor eradication. The present study reviews published reports identifying the mechanisms of radioresistance of CSCs and potential targets based on the pathways of self-renewal. Further elucidation of pathways that regulate CSCs may provide insights into the development of novel innovative therapies.
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16
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Miconi G, Palumbo P, Dehcordi SR, La Torre C, Lombardi F, Evtoski Z, Cimini AM, Galzio R, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Immunophenotypic characterization of human glioblastoma stem cells: correlation with clinical outcome. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:864-76. [PMID: 25559650 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, glioma stem cells have been identified as the main cause of glioma propagation and recurrence and a number of several cell markers have been indicated as putative GSC markers. In the present work, a retrospective study to evaluate the prognostic potential of ability to generate GSCs in our series of 15 glioblastoma patients is described. β-tubulin III, nestin, CD133, GFAP, and SOX-2 marker expression, both in primary GBM cultures and in respective glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Our results demonstrated various expression levels of these markers in both cell cultures; of note, only those cells expressing SOX-2 at greater than 30% levels were able to produce in vitro neurospheres. Moreover, statistical analysis revealed that the GSCs generation negatively affected overall survival (OS) (P = 0.000) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.001). In addition, a very poor OS (P = 0.000) and PFS (P = 0.000) were observed among patients whose tumors expressed Ki67, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and showed the ability to generate in vitro GSCs. Overall, the results suggest that in vitro GSCs generation associated to the expression of Ki67 and SOX-2 may be useful to identify patients at risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Miconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila-Building Delta 6, Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
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17
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Isokpehi RD, Wollenberg Valero KC, Graham BE, Pacurari M, Sims JN, Udensi UK, Ndebele K. Secondary Data Analytics of Aquaporin Expression Levels in Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Cancer Inform 2015; 14:95-103. [PMID: 26279619 PMCID: PMC4524166 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common brain tumor in adults in which recurrence has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells in a hypoxic microenvironment. On the basis of tumor formation in vivo and growth type in vitro, two published microarray gene expression profiling studies grouped nine glioblastoma stem-like (GS) cell lines into one of two groups: full (GSf) or restricted (GSr) stem-like phenotypes. Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are water transport proteins that are highly expressed in primary glial-derived tumors. However, the expression levels of AQP1 and AQP4 have not been previously described in a panel of 92 glioma samples. Therefore, we designed secondary data analytics methods to determine the expression levels of AQP1 and AQP4 in GS cell lines and glioblastoma neurospheres. Our investigation also included a total of 2,566 expression levels from 28 Affymetrix microarray probe sets encoding 13 human aquaporins (AQP0-AQP12); CXCR4 (the receptor for stromal cell derived factor-1 [SDF-1], a potential glioma stem cell therapeutic target]); and PROM1 (gene encoding CD133, the widely used glioma stem cell marker). Interactive visual representation designs for integrating phenotypic features and expression levels revealed that inverse expression levels of AQP1 and AQP4 correlate with distinct phenotypes in a set of cell lines grouped into full and restricted stem-like phenotypes. Discriminant function analysis further revealed that AQP1 and AQP4 expression are better predictors for tumor formation and growth types in glioblastoma stem-like cells than are CXCR4 and PROM1. Future investigations are needed to characterize the molecular mechanisms for inverse expression levels of AQP1 and AQP4 in the glioblastoma stem-like neurospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael D Isokpehi
- College of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Barbara E Graham
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Target Identification and Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, MS, USA
- NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Jennifer N Sims
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Target Identification and Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, MS, USA
| | - Udensi K Udensi
- NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Target Identification and Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, MS, USA
- NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Berghauser Pont LME, Balvers RK, Kloezeman JJ, Nowicki MO, van den Bossche W, Kremer A, Wakimoto H, van den Hoogen BG, Leenstra S, Dirven CMF, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE, Lamfers MLM. In vitro screening of clinical drugs identifies sensitizers of oncolytic viral therapy in glioblastoma stem-like cells. Gene Ther 2015. [PMID: 26196249 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) have broad potential as an adjuvant for the treatment of solid tumors. The present study addresses the feasibility of clinically applicable drugs to enhance the oncolytic potential of the OV Delta24-RGD in glioblastoma. In total, 446 drugs were screened for their viral sensitizing properties in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro. Validation was done for 10 drugs to determine synergy based on the Chou Talalay assay. Mechanistic studies were undertaken to assess viability, replication efficacy, viral infection enhancement and cell death pathway induction in a selected panel of drugs. Four viral sensitizers (fluphenazine, indirubin, lofepramine and ranolazine) were demonstrated to reproducibly synergize with Delta24-RGD in multiple assays. After validation, we underscored general applicability by testing candidate drugs in a broader context of a panel of different GSCs, various solid tumor models and multiple OVs. Overall, this study identified four viral sensitizers, which synergize with Delta24-RGD and two other strains of OVs. The viral sensitizers interact with infection, replication and cell death pathways to enhance efficacy of the OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M E Berghauser Pont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R K Balvers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Kloezeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W van den Bossche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Kremer
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachussets General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - C M F Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Zhang X, Kiang KM, Zhang GP, Leung GK. Long Non-Coding RNAs Dysregulation and Function in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Noncoding RNA 2015; 1:69-86. [PMID: 29861416 PMCID: PMC5932540 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna1010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common form of primary brain tumor, is highly resistant to current treatment paradigms and has a high rate of recurrence. Recent advances in the field of tumor-initiating cells suggest that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) may be responsible for GBM's rapid progression, treatment resistance, tumor recurrence and ultimately poor clinical prognosis. Understanding the biologically significant pathways that mediate GSC-specific characteristics offers promises in the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in the regulation of cancer cell biological behavior through various mechanisms. Initial studies strongly suggested that lncRNA expressions are highly dysregulated in GSCs and may play important roles in determining malignant phenotypes in GBM. Here, we review available evidence on aberrantly expressed lncRNAs identified by high throughput microarray profiling studies in GSCs. We also explore the potential functional pathways by analyzing their interactive proteins and miRNAs, with a view to shed lights on how this novel class of molecular candidates may mediate GSC maintenance and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karrie Meiyee Kiang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Grace Pingde Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gilberto Kakit Leung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Tight regulation between cell survival and programmed cell death in GBM stem-like cells by EGFR/GSK3b/PP2A signaling. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:19-29. [PMID: 25344882 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas represent one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, displaying high mortality rates and limited treatment options. Specific subpopulations of cells residing in the tumor niche with stem-like characteristics have been postulated to initiate and maintain neoplasticity while resisting conventional therapies. The study presented here aims to define the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3b) in patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cell (GSC) proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. To evaluate the potential role of GSK3b in GBM, protein profiles from 68 GBM patients and 20 normal brain samples were analyzed for EGFR-mediated PI3kinase/Akt and GSK3b signaling molecules including protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). To better understand the function of GSK3b in GBM, GSCs were isolated from GBM patient samples. Blocking GSK3b phosphorylation at Serine 9 attenuated cell proliferation while concomitantly stimulating apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3 in patient-derived GSCs. Increasing GSK3b protein content resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation and stimulated programmed cell death. Depleting GSK3b in GSCs down regulated PP2A. Furthermore, knocking down PP2A or blocking its activity by okadaic acid inactivated GSK3b by increasing GSK3b phosphorylation at Serine 9. Our data suggests that GSK3b may function as a regulator of apoptosis and tumorigenesis in GSCs. Therapeutic approaches targeting GSK3b in glioblastoma stem-like cells may be a useful addition to our current therapeutic armamentarium.
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21
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Morihiro Y, Yasumoto Y, Vaidyan LK, Sadahiro H, Uchida T, Inamura A, Sharifi K, Ideguchi M, Nomura S, Tokuda N, Kashiwabara S, Ishii A, Ikeda E, Owada Y, Suzuki M. Fatty acid binding protein 7 as a marker of glioma stem cells. Pathol Int 2014; 63:546-53. [PMID: 24274717 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the recurrence, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis of glioblastoma. Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), which is a cellular chaperone for a variety of omega-3 fatty acids, is a known marker for neural stem cells. In this study, using a newly developed anti-FABP7 antibody and patient-derived GSC lines, we evaluated the expression of FABP7 in GSCs. Using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and qPCR analyses, FABP7 was found to be highly enriched in GSCs and its localization was found in cytosol and nuclei. FABP7 expression was significantly downregulated in differentiated GSCs induced by the addition of serum. In the glioma surgical specimens, FABP7 was highly expressed in the majority of glioblastoma. Double immunostaining for FABP7 and Sox2 showed that FABP7(+) Sox2(+) tumor cells were significantly increased in glioblastoma (grade IV) compared with diffuse astrocytoma (grade II) and anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III). Our data introduces FABP7 as a marker for GSCs and further highlights its possible significance for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morihiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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22
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Lemke D, Weiler M, Blaes J, Wiestler B, Jestaedt L, Klein AC, Löw S, Eisele G, Radlwimmer B, Capper D, Schmieder K, Mittelbronn M, Combs SE, Bendszus M, Weller M, Platten M, Wick W. Primary glioblastoma cultures: can profiling of stem cell markers predict radiotherapy sensitivity? J Neurochem 2014; 131:251-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lemke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurooncology; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurooncology; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonas Blaes
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurooncology; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Leonie Jestaedt
- Department of Neuroradiology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ann-Catherine Klein
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sarah Löw
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurooncology; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Günter Eisele
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - David Capper
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Clinic Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kirsten Schmieder
- Department for Neurosurgery; Universitätsmedizin of Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute for Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Goethe University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Platten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurooncology; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; DKFZ Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurooncology; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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23
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Schlaff CD, Krauze A, Belard A, O'Connell JJ, Camphausen KA. Bringing the heavy: carbon ion therapy in the radiobiological and clinical context. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:88. [PMID: 24679134 PMCID: PMC4002206 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer is undergoing an evolution, shifting to the use of heavier ion species. For a plethora of malignancies, current radiotherapy using photons or protons yields marginal benefits in local control and survival. One hypothesis is that these malignancies have acquired, or are inherently radioresistant to low LET radiation. In the last decade, carbon ion radiotherapy facilities have slowly been constructed in Europe and Asia, demonstrating favorable results for many of the malignancies that do poorly with conventional radiotherapy. However, from a radiobiological perspective, much of how this modality works in overcoming radioresistance, and extending local control and survival are not yet fully understood. In this review, we will explain from a radiobiological perspective how carbon ion radiotherapy can overcome the classical and recently postulated contributors of radioresistance (α/β ratio, hypoxia, cell proliferation, the tumor microenvironment and metabolism, and cancer stem cells). Furthermore, we will make recommendations on the important factors to consider, such as anatomical location, in the future design and implementation of clinical trials. With the existing data available we believe that the expansion of carbon ion facilities into the United States is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kevin A Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive Magnuson Clinical Center Room B3B100, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Cells isolated from human glioblastoma multiforme express progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF). Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:479-89. [PMID: 24474429 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant tumor in the central nervous system. One of the contemporary hypotheses postulates that its pathogenesis is associated with the cancer stem cells (CSCs) which originate from mutations in the normal neural stem cells residing in their specific "niches." Simultaneously with its aggressive development the tumor suppresses the local immune system by different secreted and/or cell expressed factors. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) is an immunomodulatory protein with known role in the regulation of the immune response in the reproductive system. Expression of PIBF has been described in some tumors as one of the factors suppressing the anti-tumor immunity. The aim of the present study was to check for the expression of PIBF from cells isolated from six GBMs. To characterize the cultured cells and to study the PIBF expression confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time PCR were used. The results obtained showed expression of markers typical for cancer CSCs and secretion of interleukin 6 by the GBM-derived cultured cells. The results convincingly prove that PIBF is intracellularly expressed by the cultured cells from the all six GBM samples, and this fact is confirmed by three different methods-flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and real-time PCR. This paper reports for the first time the expression of PIBF by GBM-derived cells cultured in vitro and reveals a new aspect of the immunosuppressive mechanism used by GBM in escaping the immune control.
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25
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Porous chitosan-hyaluronic acid scaffolds as a mimic of glioblastoma microenvironment ECM. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10143-50. [PMID: 24075410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics are developed through extensive screening; however, many therapeutics evaluated with 2D in vitro cultures during pre-clinical trials suffer from lower efficacy in patients. Replicating the in vivo tumor microenvironment in vitro with three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds offers the possibility of generating more predictive pre-clinical models to enhance cancer treatment efficacy. We developed a chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) polyelectrolyte complex 3D porous scaffold and evaluated its physical properties. Chitosan-HA (C-HA) scaffolds had a highly porous network. C-HA scaffolds were compared to 2D surfaces for in vitro culture of U-118 MG human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. C-HA scaffold cultures promoted tumor spheroid formation and increased stem-like properties of GBM cells as evidenced by the upregulation of CD44, Nestin, Musashi-1, GFAP, and HIF-1α as compared with 2D cultures. Additionally, the invasiveness of GBM cells cultured in C-HA scaffolds was significantly enhanced compared to those grown in 2D cultures. C-HA scaffold cultures were also more resistant to chemotherapy drugs, which corresponded to the increased expression of ABCG2 drug efflux transporter. These findings suggest that C-HA scaffolds offer promise as an in vitro GBM platform for study and screening of novel cancer therapeutics.
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26
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Barrantes-Freer A, Kim E, Bielanska J, Giese A, Mortensen LS, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Stadelmann C, Brück W, Pardo LA. Human glioma-initiating cells show a distinct immature phenotype resembling but not identical to NG2 glia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:307-24. [PMID: 23481707 PMCID: PMC3678885 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31828afdbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma-initiating cells (GICs) represent a potential important therapeutic target because they are likely to account for the frequent recurrence of malignant gliomas; however, their identity remains unsolved. Here, we characterized the cellular lineage fingerprint of GICs through a combination of electrophysiology, lineage marker expression, and differentiation assays of 5 human patient-derived primary GIC lines. Most GICs coexpressed nestin, NG2 proteoglycan, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Glioma-initiating cells could be partially differentiated into astrocytic but not oligodendroglial or neural lineages. We also demonstrate that GICs have a characteristic electrophysiologic profile distinct from that of well-characterized tumor bulk cells. Together, our results suggest that GICs represent a unique type of cells reminiscent of an immature phenotype that closely resembles but is not identical to NG2 glia with respect to marker expression and functional membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, AG Oncophysiology, Göttingen
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27
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Kim YW, Kwon C, Liu JL, Kim SH, Kim S. Cancer association study of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase signaling network in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40960. [PMID: 22952576 PMCID: PMC3432027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) and ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) exhibit remarkable functional versatility beyond their catalytic activities in protein synthesis. Their non-canonical functions have been pathologically linked to cancers. Here we described our integrative genome-wide analysis of ARSs to show cancer-associated activities in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. We first selected 23 ARS/AIMPs (together referred to as ARSN), 124 cancer-associated druggable target genes (DTGs) and 404 protein-protein interactors (PPIs) of ARSs using NCI’s cancer gene index. 254 GBM affymetrix microarray data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify the probe sets whose expression were most strongly correlated with survival (Kaplan-Meier plots versus survival times, log-rank t-test <0.05). The analysis identified 122 probe sets as survival signatures, including 5 of ARSN (VARS, QARS, CARS, NARS, FARS), and 115 of DTGs and PPIs (PARD3, RXRB, ATP5C1, HSP90AA1, CD44, THRA, TRAF2, KRT10, MED12, etc). Of note, 61 survival-related probes were differentially expressed in three different prognosis subgroups in GBM patients and showed correlation with established prognosis markers such as age and phenotypic molecular signatures. CARS and FARS also showed significantly higher association with different molecular networks in GBM patients. Taken together, our findings demonstrate evidence for an ARSN biology-dominant contribution in the biology of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wan Kim
- Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - ChangHyuk Kwon
- Systems Biomedical Informatics National Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juinn-Lin Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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28
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Wilson JD, Broaddus WC, Dorn HC, Fatouros PP, Chalfant CE, Shultz MD. Metallofullerene-nanoplatform-delivered interstitial brachytherapy improved survival in a murine model of glioblastoma multiforme. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1873-80. [PMID: 22881865 DOI: 10.1021/bc300206q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are used across scientific disciplines because of their diverse properties gained by altering encapsulated or surface-bound components. In this study, the recently developed theranostic agent based on a radiolabeled functionalized metallofullerene ((177)Lu-DOTA-f-Gd(3)N@C(80)) was synthesized with high radiochemical yield and purity. The efficacy of this agent was demonstrated in two orthotopic xenograft brain tumor models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A dose-dependent improvement in survival was also shown. The in vivo stability of the agent was verified through dual label measurements of biological elimination from the tumor. Overall, these results provide evidence that nanomaterial platforms can be used to deliver effective interstitial brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Wilson
- Departments of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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29
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Xu S, De Becker A, De Raeve H, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. In vitro expanded bone marrow-derived murine (C57Bl/KaLwRij) mesenchymal stem cells can acquire CD34 expression and induce sarcoma formation in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:391-7. [PMID: 22771324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have currently generated numerous interests in pre-clinical and clinical applications due to their multiple lineages differentiation potential and immunomodulary effects. However, accumulating evidence indicates that MSCs, especially murine MSCs (mMSCs), can undergo spontaneous transformation after long-term in vitro culturing, which might reduce the therapeutic application possibilities of these stem cells. In the present study, we observed that in vitro expanded bone marrow (BM) derived mMSCs from the C57Bl/KaLwRij mouse strain can lose their specific stem cells markers (CD90 and CD105) and acquire CD34 expression, accompanied with an altered morphology and an impaired tri-lineages differentiation capacity. Compared to normal mMSCs, these transformed mMSCs exhibited an increased proliferation rate, an enhanced colony formation and migration ability as well as a higher sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs. Transformed mMSCs were highly tumorigenic in vivo, resulting in aggressive sarcoma formation when transplanted in non-immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, we found that Notch signaling downstream genes (hey1, hey2 and heyL) were significantly upregulated in transformed mMSCs, while Hedgehog signaling downstream genes Gli1 and Ptch1 and the Wnt signaling downstream gene beta-catenin were all decreased. Taken together, we observed that murine in vitro expanded BM-MSCs can transform into CD34 expressing cells that induce sarcoma formation in vivo. We assume that dysregulation of the Notch(+)/Hh(-)/Wnt(-) signaling pathway is associated with the malignant phenotype of the transformed mMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
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30
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La Porta CA. Thoughts about cancer stem cells in solid tumors. World J Stem Cells 2012; 4:17-20. [PMID: 22577494 PMCID: PMC3348958 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v4.i3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy efficacy is frequently impaired by either intrinsic or acquired tumor resistance. A fundamental problem in cancer research is identifying the cell type that is capable of sustaining neoplastic growth and its origin from normal tissue cells. In recent years, the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has changed the classical view of tumor growth and therefore the therapeutic perspective. Overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer stem/progenitor cells to current clinical treatments represents a major challenge in treating and curing the most aggressive and metastatic cancers. On the other hand, the identification of CSCs in vivo and in vitro relies on specific surface markers that should allow the sorting cancer cells into phenotypically distinct subpopulations. In the present review, recent papers published on CSCs in solid tumors (breast, prostate, brain and melanoma) are discussed, highlighting critical points such as the choice of markers to sort CSCs and mouse models to demonstrate that CSCs are able to replicate the original tumor. A discussion of the possible role of aldehyde dehydrogenase and CXCR6 biomarkers as signaling molecules in CSCs and normal stem cells is also discussed. The author believes that efforts have to be made to investigate the functional and biological properties of putative CSCs in cancer. Developing diagnostic/prognostic tools to follow cancer development is also a challenge. In this connection it would be useful to develop a multidisciplinary approach combining mathematics, physics and biology which merges experimental approaches and theory. Biological models alone are probably unable to resolve the problem completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Am La Porta
- Caterina AM La Porta, Department of Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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31
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Hofstetter CP, Burkhardt JK, Shin BJ, Gürsel DB, Mubita L, Gorrepati R, Brennan C, Holland EC, Boockvar JA. Protein phosphatase 2A mediates dormancy of glioblastoma multiforme-derived tumor stem-like cells during hypoxia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30059. [PMID: 22253878 PMCID: PMC3256196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypoxic microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is thought to increase resistance to cancer therapies. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia induces protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a regulator of cell cycle and cell death. The effects of PP2A on GBM tumor cell proliferation and survival during hypoxic conditions have not been studied. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of PP2A subunits and HIF-α proteins was measured in 65 high-grade astrocytoma and 18 non-neoplastic surgical brain specimens by western blotting. PP2A activity was measured by an immunoprecipitation assay. For in vitro experiments, GBM-derived tumor stem cell-like cells (TSCs) were exposed to severe hypoxia produced by either CoCl₂ or 1% O₂. PP2A activity was inhibited either by okadaic acid or by shRNA depletion of the PP2A C subunit. Effects of PP2A activity on cell cycle progression and cell survival during hypoxic conditions were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS In our patient cohort, PP2A activity was positively correlated with HIF-1∝ protein expression (P = 0.002). Patients with PP2A activity levels above 160 pMP had significantly worse survival compared to patients with levels below this threshold (P = 0.002). PP2A activity was an independent predictor of survival on multivariable analysis (P = 0.009). In our in vitro experiments, we confirmed that severe hypoxia induces PP2A activity in TSCs 6 hours after onset of exposure. PP2A activity mediated G1/S phase growth inhibition and reduced cellular ATP consumption in hypoxic TSCs. Conversely, inhibition of PP2A activity led to increased cell proliferation, exhaustion of intracellular ATP, and accelerated P53-independent cell death of hypoxic TSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PP2A activity predicts poor survival in GBM. PP2A appears to reduce the metabolic demand of hypoxic TSCs and enhances tumor cell survival. Modulation of PP2A may be a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph P Hofstetter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain Tumor Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America.
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