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King C, Plakke B. Maternal choline supplementation in neurodevelopmental disorders: mechanistic insights from animal models and future directions. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39046330 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2377084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize evidence from animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) using maternal choline supplementation, to characterize current knowledge on the mechanisms of choline's protective effects against NDD, and to identify gaps in knowledge for future study. METHODS A literature review was conducted in PubMed to identify studies using prenatal choline supplementation interventions in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders. 24 studies were identified, and behavioral and biological findings were extracted from each. Studies examining both genetic and environmental risk factors were included. RESULTS Maternal choline supplementation during gestation is protective against both genetic and environmental NDD risk factors. Maternal choline supplementation improves both cognitive and affective outcomes throughout the lifespan in NDD models. Prenatal choline improved these outcomes through its participation in processes like neurogenesis, epigenetic regulation, and anti-inflammatory signaling. DISCUSSION Maternal choline supplementation improves behavioral and neurobiological outcomes in animal models of NDD, paralleling findings in humans. Animal models provide a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms by which gestational choline improves neurodevelopmental outcomes. This is especially important since nearly 90% of pregnant people in the United States are deficient in choline intake. However, much is still unknown about the mechanisms through which choline and its derivatives act. Further research into this topic, especially mechanistic studies in animal models, is critical to modernize maternal choline intake guidelines and to develop interventions to increase maternal choline intake in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole King
- Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bethany Plakke
- Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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2
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Tošić I, Frank DA. STAT3 as a mediator of oncogenic cellular metabolism: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1167-1178. [PMID: 34731785 PMCID: PMC8569436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated constitutively in a wide array of human cancers. It is an appealing molecular target for novel therapy as it directly regulates expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and immune responsiveness. In addition to these well-established oncogenic roles, STAT3 has also been found to mediate a wide array of functions in modulating cellular behavior. The transcriptional function of STAT3 is canonically regulated through tyrosine phosphorylation. However, STAT3 phosphorylated at a single serine residue can allow incorporation of this protein into the inner mitochondrial membrane to support oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and maximize the utility of glucose sources. Conflictingly, its canonical transcriptional activity suppresses OXPHOS and favors aerobic glycolysis to promote oncogenic behavior. Apart from mediating the energy metabolism and controversial effects on ATP production, STAT3 signaling modulates lipid metabolism of cancer cells. By mediating fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation, STAT3 promotes employment of available resources and supports survival in the conditions of metabolic stress. Thus, the functions of STAT3 extend beyond regulation of oncogenic genes expression to pleiotropic effects on a spectrum of essential cellular processes. In this review, we dissect the current knowledge on activity and mechanisms of STAT3 involvement in transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial function, energy production and lipid metabolism of malignant cells, and its implications to cancer pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Tošić
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Liu Z, Ren Y, Meng L, Li L, Beatson R, Deng J, Zhang T, Liu J, Han X. Epigenetic Signaling of Cancer Stem Cells During Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772211. [PMID: 34722553 PMCID: PMC8554148 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors pose a great challenge to human health, which has led to many studies increasingly elucidating the tumorigenic process. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have profound impacts on tumorigenesis and development of drug resistance. Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between inflammation and CSCs but the mechanism underlying this relationship has not been fully elucidated. Inflammatory cytokines produced during chronic inflammation activate signaling pathways that regulate the generation of CSCs through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the effects of inflammation on cancer stem cells, particularly the role of signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway, STAT3 pathway and Smad pathway involved in regulating epigenetic changes. We hope to provide a novel perspective for improving strategies for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Henan Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very heterogeneous type of blood cancer, which presents with a high rate of mortality especially in elderly patients. Better understanding of critical players, such as molecules with tumor suppressive properties, may help to fine-tune disease classification and thereby treatment modalities for this detrimental disease. Here, we summarize well-known and established tumor suppressors as well as emerging tumor suppressors, including transcription factors (TCFs) and other transcriptional regulators, such as epigenetic modulators. In addition, we look into the versatile field of miRNAs also interfering with tumorigenesis and progression, which offer new possibilities in AML diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wallwitz
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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Inflammatory Factors Induce Thrombosis through the miR-146b-3p/p38MAPK/COX-2 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8718321. [PMID: 32337281 PMCID: PMC7154971 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8718321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory responses play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between microRNA-146b-3p (miR-146b-3p) and inflammatory factors in thrombosis. Method THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro, Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of COX-2 and p38MAPK in the cells, and real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of miRNA-146b-3p and COX-2. A lentiviral expression vector of miRNA-146b-3p and its inhibitor were constructed to transfect THP-1 cells. COX-2 and p38MAPK expression in transfected cells was detected by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Results Ang II and TNF-α could elevate the expression of COX-2 in monocytes. The expression of COX-2 was upregulated by p38MAPK, which could be phosphorylated by Ang II, while there was an increasing tendency of p38MAPK phosphorylation after TNF-α stimulation. In addition, COX-2 expression and P38MAPK phosphorylation could be downregulated by miRNA-146b-3p and upregulated by the miRNA-146b-3p inhibitor. Ang II could increase miR-146b-3p expression, although there was no significant difference; however, the expression of miR-146b-3p was enhanced significantly by TNF-α. Conclusion Our data implied that altered expression of miR-146b-3p was closely related to the progression of inflammation mediating the P38MAPK/COX-2 pathway. We suggest that the miR-146b-3p/p38MAPK/COX-2 pathway plays a key role in inflammation and arterial thrombosis.
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Reddy D, Kumavath R, Ghosh P, Barh D. Lanatoside C Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Cancer Cell Growth by Attenuating MAPK, Wnt, JAK-STAT, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120792. [PMID: 31783627 PMCID: PMC6995510 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are a diverse family of naturally derived compounds having a steroid and glycone moiety in their structures. CG molecules inhibit the α-subunit of ubiquitous transmembrane protein Na+/K+-ATPase and are clinically approved for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the CGs were found to exhibit selective cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, raising interest in their use as anti-cancer molecules. In this current study, we explored the underlying mechanism responsible for the anti-cancer activity of Lanatoside C against breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. Using Real-time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence studies, we observed that (i) Lanatoside C inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in cell-specific and dose-dependent manner only in cancer cell lines; (ii) Lanatoside C exerts its anti-cancer activity by arresting the G2/M phase of cell cycle by blocking MAPK/Wnt/PAM signaling pathways; (iii) it induces apoptosis by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways; and finally, (iv) molecular docking analysis shows significant evidence on the binding sites of Lanatoside C with various key signaling proteins ranging from cell survival to cell death. Our studies provide a novel molecular insight of anti-cancer activities of Lanatoside C in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekhar Reddy
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India;
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-8547-648-620
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India;
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Kotla NG, Afshar EG, Samarghandian S, Mandegary A, Pardakhty A, Mohammadinejad R, Sethi G. Nanoparticles Targeting STATs in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1158. [PMID: 31569687 PMCID: PMC6829305 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, an increase in the incidence rate of cancer has been witnessed. Although many efforts have been made to manage and treat this life threatening condition, it is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, scientists have attempted to target molecular signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation and metastasis. It has been shown that signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) contributes to the progression of cancer cells. This important signaling pathway is associated with a number of biological processes including cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. It appears that dysregulation of the STAT signaling pathway promotes the migration, viability and malignancy of various tumor cells. Hence, there have been many attempts to target the STAT signaling pathway. However, it seems that currently applied therapeutics may not be able to effectively modulate the STAT signaling pathway and suffer from a variety of drawbacks such as low bioavailability and lack of specific tumor targeting. In the present review, we demonstrate how nanocarriers can be successfully applied for encapsulation of STAT modulators in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar 6451741117, Iran.
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Newcastle, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
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8
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Zhu Y, Zhu H, Xie X, Zheng Z, Ling Y. MicroRNA expression profile in Treg cells in the course of primary immune thrombocytopenia. J Investig Med 2019; 67:1118-1124. [PMID: 31273052 PMCID: PMC6900216 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder which characterizes with platelet production impairment and platelet destruction increment. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells (Tregs) are involved in the immune pathogenesis of ITP. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved in ITP and their loss of function is shown to facilitate immune disorders. Thus, the miRNA expression profile in Tregs from ITP was analyzed in this study. We assessed the genome-wide miRNA expression profile of three newly diagnosed adult patients with ITP and three healthy controls using microarray analysis of CD4+CD25+CD127dim/− Tregs that were sorted using an immune magnetic bead kit. The miRNA microarray chip was based on miRBase 18.0 and Volcano Plot filtering software used to analyze the miRNA profile in Tregs. Distinct miRNA expression was further validated by fluorescence-based real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that 502 human miRNAs were differentially expressed (244 upregulated and 258 downregulated) in patients with ITP compared with healthy donors. We identified 37 miRNAs expressed significantly, including 26 upregulated and 11 downregulated. Among the deregulated miRNAs, three downregulated miRNAs including miR-155–5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-142–3p were selected for qPCR verification. We confirmed that miR-155–5p, miR-146b–5p, and miR-142–3p were significantly decreased in Tregs from patients with ITP compared with healthy controls. Compared with the healthy controls, miRNAs expressed differentially in the Tregs of patients with ITP. The levels of expression of miR-155–5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-142–3p were significantly decreased. Therefore, the deregulation of miRNAs may affect the function of Tregs in the course of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhuojun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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9
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Implication for Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Cancer Chemo-Resistance: Promising Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Use of HDAC Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070912. [PMID: 31247937 PMCID: PMC6678716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy in patients with solid cancers represents a daunting challenge that must be addressed. Indeed, current strategies are still not effective in the majority of patients; which has resulted in the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. In this review, we analyzed the implications for CSCs in drug resistance and described that multiple alterations in morphogenetic pathways (i.e., Hippo, Wnt, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, Notch, Hedgehog pathways) were suggested to be critical for CSC plasticity. By interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, we first analyzed the prevalence of morphogenetic pathways alterations in solid tumors with associated outcomes. Then, by highlighting epigenetic relevance in CSC development and maintenance, we selected histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as potential agents of interest to target this subpopulation based on the pleiotropic effects exerted specifically on altered morphogenetic pathways. In detail, we highlighted the role of HDACi in solid cancers and, specifically, in the CSC subpopulation and we pointed out some mechanisms by which HDACi are able to overcome drug resistance and to modulate stemness. Although, further clinical and preclinical investigations should be conducted to disclose the unclear mechanisms by which HDACi modulate several signaling pathways in different tumors. To date, several lines of evidence support the testing of novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on the combination of drugs commonly used in clinical practice and HDACi to improve therapeutic efficacy in solid cancer patients.
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Feketea G, Bocsan CI, Popescu C, Gaman M, Stanciu LA, Zdrenghea MT. A Review of Macrophage MicroRNAs' Role in Human Asthma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050420. [PMID: 31071965 PMCID: PMC6562863 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an imbalance in asthma between classically activated macrophages (M1 cells) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 cells) in favor of the latter. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating macrophage proliferation and differentiation and control the balance of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, thereby controlling immune responses. Here we review the current published data concerning miRNAs with known correlation to a specific human macrophage phenotype and polarization, and their association with adult asthma. MiRNA-targeted therapy is still in the initial stages, but clinical trials are under recruitment or currently running for some miRNAs in other diseases. Regulating miRNA expression via their upregulation or downregulation could show potential as a novel therapy for improving treatment efficacy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavriela Feketea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Corina I Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristian Popescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Gaman
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Luminita A Stanciu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Mihnea T Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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11
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Jung YY, Shanmugam MK, Narula AS, Kim C, Lee JH, Namjoshi OA, Blough BE, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Oxymatrine Attenuates Tumor Growth and Deactivates STAT5 Signaling in a Lung Cancer Xenograft Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010049. [PMID: 30621055 PMCID: PMC6356594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is a major alkaloid found in radix Sophorae flavescentis extract and has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities. We elucidated the detailed molecular mechanism(s) underlying the therapeutic actions of OMT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and a xenograft mouse model. Because the STAT5 signaling cascade has a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and survival in tumor cells, we hypothesized that OMT may disrupt this signaling cascade to exert its anticancer effects. We found that OMT can inhibit the constitutive activation of STAT5 by suppressing the activation of JAK1/2 and c-Src, nuclear localization, as well as STAT5 binding to DNA in A549 cells and abrogated IL-6-induced STAT5 phosphorylation in H1299 cells. We also report that a sub-optimal concentration of OMT when used in combination with a low dose of paclitaxel produced significant anti-cancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and causing substantial apoptosis. In a preclinical lung cancer mouse model, OMT when used in combination with paclitaxel produced a significant reduction in tumor volume. These results suggest that OMT in combination with paclitaxel can cause an attenuation of lung cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | | | - Chulwon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ojas A Namjoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27616, USA.
| | - Bruce E Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27616, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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12
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Yang Y, Zhou H, Liu W, Wu J, Yue X, Wang J, Quan L, Liu H, Guo L, Wang Z, Lian X, Zhang Q. Ganoderic acid A exerts antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6515-6521. [PMID: 30405790 PMCID: PMC6202552 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor among females, with triple-negative breast cancer being an important type accounting for 15–20% of all breast cancer cases. Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer without standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Ganoderic acid A (GA-A) is one of the major bioactive Ganoderma triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma, which are recognized for their preventative and therapeutic effects. In the present study, the antineoplastic effect of GA-A on human breast cancer was investigated and the pro-apoptotic function of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 on the function of GA-A was revealed. GA-A treatment inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, GA-A exhibited significant antitumor activity by enhancing the apoptotic index and reactive oxygen species production. In the present study, GA-A was identified to directly inhibit JAK2 phosphorylation and STAT3 downstream activation. In addition, GA-A suppressed STAT3 target gene expression, including B cell lymphoma-extra-large and Myeloid cell leukemia 1, resulting in elevated levels of proteins associated with mitochondrial apoptosis in addition to inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase. GA-A, in combination with AG490, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, further decreased MDA-MB-231 cell viability. In conclusion, GA-A treatment inhibited breast cancer cell viability via JAK2/STAT3 downregulation and may regulate associated targets to serve an anti-MDA-MB-231 role, including mitochondrial apoptosis and regulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jincai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Mirnoori SM, Shahangian SS, Salehi Z, Mashayekhi F, Talesh Sasani S, Saedi HS. Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in pri-miR-124-1 and STAT3 genes on gastric cancer susceptibility. Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 75:182-186. [PMID: 29938592 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2018.1492206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ribonucleic acids that modulate the expression of downstream target genes. There is considerable evidence of their involvement in many malignancies, such as oesophageal and gastric. We hypothesised altered expressions of pri-miR-124-1 rs531564 and STAT3 rs1053023 polymorphisms in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 250 patients with gastric cancer and 310 healthy individuals. The RFLP method was applied for determination of pri-miR-124 polymorphism and the AS-PCR method for STAT3 polymorphism. RESULTS The distribution of rs531564 genotypes in cases and controls was different: the G allele carriers had a reduced gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.49-0.80, P = 0.0002). Presence of the minor allele of STAT3 (rs1053023) was linked with higher risk of gastric cancer (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.79-2.93, P < 0.0001). Compared with the most frequent haplotype C-G [the SNP order was pri-miR-124-1 (rs531564) and STAT3 (rs1053023)] in controls, C-A haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 2.28; 95%CI = 1.64-3.09, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION There is a strong link between pri-miR-124-1 rs531564 and STAT3 rs1053023 and gastric cancer that may be pathogenic, and so worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mirnoori
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - S S Shahangian
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - Zivar Salehi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - F Mashayekhi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - S Talesh Sasani
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - H S Saedi
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Cancer Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) , Rasht , Iran
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The Novel Nutraceutical KJS018A Prevents Hepatocarcinogenesis Promoted by Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3909434. [PMID: 30154906 PMCID: PMC6093067 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3909434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is tightly associated with carcinogenesis at both the initiation and development of tumor. Many reports indicated that Cox-2 substantially contributes to inflammation and tumorigenesis. The novel nutraceutical KJS018A (BRM270 Function Enhanced Products) is the extract mixture from 8 herbal plants, which have been used to inhibit cancers and inflammation. The aim of the present study is to examine the inhibitory effects of KJS018A mixture to hepatocarcinogenesis and inflammation. The results showed that KJS018A significantly inhibited the proliferation of hepatic malignant cells and downregulated levels of IL-6 and Cox-2. Furthermore, KJS018A diminished the effect of PMA, an inflammatory inducer via IL-6/STAT3/Cox-2 pathway. Furthermore, KJS018A suppressed metastatic traits of hepatic malignant cells via downregulating Twist, N-cadherin, and MMP-9 while restoring E-cadherin expression. KJS018A also restrained tumor growth and levels of IL-6 and Cox-2 in immunohistochemistry staining. Taken together, these data suggest potential application of KJS018A in prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by inflammation.
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Groner B, von Manstein V. Jak Stat signaling and cancer: Opportunities, benefits and side effects of targeted inhibition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:1-14. [PMID: 28576744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Jak Stat signaling and the persistent activation of Stat3 and Stat5 on tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion have made the Jak Stat pathway a favorite target for drug development and cancer therapy. This notion was strengthened when additional biological functions of Stat signaling in cancer and their roles in the regulation of cytokine dependent inflammation and immunity in the tumor microenvironment were discovered. Stats act not only as transcriptional inducers, but affect gene expression via epigenetic modifications, induce epithelial mesenchymal transition, generate a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, promote cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and help to establish the pre-metastatic niche formation. The effects of Jak Stat inhibition on the suppression of pro-inflammatory responses appears most promising and could become a strategy in the prevention of tumor progression. The direct and mediated mechanisms of Jak Stat signaling in and on tumors cells, the interactions with other signaling pathways and transcription factors and the targeting of the functionally crucial secondary modifications of Stat molecules suggest novel approaches to the future development of Jak Stat based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Manstein
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Linher-Melville K, Singh G. The complex roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in maintaining redox balance: Lessons from STAT-mediated xCT expression in cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:40-52. [PMID: 28202313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 and STAT5 mediate diverse cellular processes, transcriptionally regulating gene expression and interacting with cytoplasmic proteins. Their canonical activity is stimulated by cytokines/growth factors through JAK-STAT signaling. As targets of oncogenes with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, STAT3 and STAT5 become constitutively active in hematologic neoplasms and solid tumors, promoting cell proliferation and survival and modulating redox homeostasis. This review summarizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated STAT activation and how STATs influence ROS production. ROS-induced effects on post-translational modifications are presented, and STAT3/5-mediated regulation of xCT, a redox-sensitive target up-regulated in numerous cancers, is discussed with regard to transcriptional cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Linher-Melville
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Deshantri AK, Kooijmans SA, Kuijpers SA, Coimbra M, Hoeppener A, Storm G, Fens MH, Schiffelers RM. Liposomal prednisolone inhibits tumor growth in a spontaneous mouse mammary carcinoma model. J Control Release 2016; 243:243-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zimmers TA, Fishel ML, Bonetto A. STAT3 in the systemic inflammation of cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 54:28-41. [PMID: 26860754 PMCID: PMC4867234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss is diagnostic of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome contributing mightily to morbidity and mortality in cancer. Most research has probed mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy and adipose wasting in cachexia; however cachexia is a truly systemic phenomenon. Presence of the tumor elicits an inflammatory response and profound metabolic derangements involving not only muscle and fat, but also the hypothalamus, liver, heart, blood, spleen and likely other organs. This global response is orchestrated in part through circulating cytokines that rise in conditions of cachexia. Exogenous Interleukin-6 (IL6) and related cytokines can induce most cachexia symptomatology, including muscle and fat wasting, the acute phase response and anemia, while IL-6 inhibition reduces muscle loss in cancer. Although mechanistic studies are ongoing, certain of these cachexia phenotypes have been causally linked to the cytokine-activated transcription factor, STAT3, including skeletal muscle wasting, cardiac dysfunction and hypothalamic inflammation. Correlative studies implicate STAT3 in fat wasting and the acute phase response in cancer cachexia. Parallel data in non-cancer models and disease states suggest both pathological and protective functions for STAT3 in other organs during cachexia. STAT3 also contributes to cancer cachexia through enhancing tumorigenesis, metastasis and immune suppression, particularly in tumors associated with high prevalence of cachexia. This review examines the evidence linking STAT3 to multi-organ manifestations of cachexia and the potential and perils for targeting STAT3 to reduce cachexia and prolong survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Doxycycline Promotes Carcinogenesis & Metastasis via Chronic Inflammatory Pathway: An In Vivo Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151539. [PMID: 26998758 PMCID: PMC4801417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxycycline (DOX) exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and pro-apoptotic activity and is being tested in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic agent for several cancers, including colon cancer. Materials & Methods In the current study, the chemotherapeutic activity of doxycycline was tested in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis, induced by colon specific cancer promoter, 1,2, dimethylhydrazine (DMH) as well as study the effect of DOX-alone on a separate group of rats. Results Doxycycline administration in DMH-treated rats (DMH-DOX) unexpectedly increased tumor multiplicity, stimulated progression of colonic tumor growth from adenomas to carcinomas and revealed metastasis in small intestine as determined by macroscopic and histopathological analysis. DOX-alone treatment showed markedly enhanced chronic inflammation and reactive hyperplasia, which was dependent upon the dose of doxycycline administered. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed evidence of inflammation and anti-apoptotic action of DOX by deregulation of various biomarkers. Conclusion These results suggest that doxycycline caused chronic inflammation in colon, small intestine injury, enhanced the efficacy of DMH in tumor progression and provided a mechanistic link between doxycycline-induced chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Ongoing studies thus may need to focus on the molecular mechanisms of doxycycline action, which lead to its inflammatory and tumorigenic effects.
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Li JW, He SY, Feng ZZ, Zhao L, Jia WK, Liu P, Zhu Y, Jian Z, Xiao YB. MicroRNA-146b inhibition augments hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6903-10. [PMID: 26397753 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate a number of physiological and pathological processes, including myocardial chronic hypoxia. Previous studies revealed that the expression of miR-146b is increased in vitro and in vivo following the induction of hypoxia. In the present study, the role of miR‑146b in hypoxic cardiomyocytes, and the mechanisms underlying its activity, were investigated. The expression of miR‑146b was measured in tissue samples from patients with congenital heart disease by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The rat H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line was transfected with an miR‑146b inhibitor or the experimental controls, and the cells were maintained under hypoxic conditions for 72 h. The expression of miR‑146b increased following the induction of hypoxia. Transfection with the miR‑146b inhibitor enhanced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and increased hypoxia‑induced apoptosis, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling, Hoechst 33258 staining, JC‑1 assay (measuring mitochondrial membrane permeability) and annexin V/propidium iodide analysis. A decreased expression of Bcl‑2 was observed, whereas the expression levels of cleaved‑caspase 3 and Bax were increased. Western blot analysis and a dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that ribonuclease L is a direct target of miR‑146b. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-146b increased the activation of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In conclusion, the inhibition of miR‑146b may increase hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yi He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Zhou Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Kun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Bin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Kochan DZ, Ilnytskyy Y, Golubov A, Deibel SH, McDonald RJ, Kovalchuk O. Circadian disruption-induced microRNAome deregulation in rat mammary gland tissues. Oncoscience 2015; 2:428-42. [PMID: 26097876 PMCID: PMC4468328 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide, and evidence is mounting that circadian-disruption-induced breast cancer is a warranted concern. Although studies on the role of epigenetics have provided valuable insights, and although epigenetics has been increasingly recognized in the etiology of breast cancer, relatively few studies have investigated the epigenetic link between circadian disruption (CD) and breast cancer. Using a proven photoperiod-shifting paradigm, differing degrees of CD, various tissue-extraction time points, and Illumina sequencing, we investigated the effect of CD on miRNA expression in the mammary tissues of a rodent model system. To our knowledge, our results are the first to illustrate CD-induced changes in miRNA expressions in mammary tissues. Furthermore, it is likely that these miRNA expression changes exhibit varying time frames of plasticity linked to both the degree of CD and length of reentrainment, and that the expression changes are influenced by the light and dark phases of the 24-hour circadian cycle. Of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified in the present study, all but one have been linked to breast cancer, and many have predicted circadian-relevant targets that play a role in breast cancer development. Based on the analysis of protein levels in the same tissues, we also propose that the initiation and development of CD-induced breast cancer may be linked to an interconnected web of increased NF-κB activity and increased levels of Tudor-SN, STAT3, and BCL6, with aberrant CD-induced downregulation of miR-127 and miR-146b potentially contributing to this dynamic. This study provides direct evidence that CD induces changes in miRNA levels in mammary tissues with potentially malignant consequences, thus indicating that the role of miRNAs in CD-induced breast cancer should not be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Kochan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Yaroslav Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Andrey Golubov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Scott H Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Stat5 Exerts Distinct, Vital Functions in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Bcr-Abl+ K562 and Jak2(V617F)+ HEL Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:503-37. [PMID: 25809097 PMCID: PMC4381271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) play central roles in the conversion of extracellular signals, e.g., cytokines, hormones and growth factors, into tissue and cell type specific gene expression patterns. In normal cells, their signaling potential is strictly limited in extent and duration. The persistent activation of Stat3 or Stat5 is found in many human tumor cells and contributes to their growth and survival. Stat5 activation plays a pivotal role in nearly all hematological malignancies and occurs downstream of oncogenic kinases, e.g., Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemias (CML) and Jak2(V617F) in other myeloproliferative diseases (MPD). We defined the mechanisms through which Stat5 affects growth and survival of K562 cells, representative of Bcr-Abl positive CML, and HEL cells, representative for Jak2(V617F) positive acute erythroid leukemia. In our experiments we suppressed the protein expression levels of Stat5a and Stat5b through shRNA mediated downregulation and demonstrated the dependence of cell survival on the presence of Stat5. Alternatively, we interfered with the functional capacities of the Stat5 protein through the interaction with a Stat5 specific peptide ligand. This ligand is a Stat5 specific peptide aptamer construct which comprises a 12mer peptide integrated into a modified thioredoxin scaffold, S5-DBD-PA. The peptide sequence specifically recognizes the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Stat5. Complex formation of S5-DBD-PA with Stat5 causes a strong reduction of P-Stat5 in the nuclear fraction of Bcr-Abl-transformed K562 cells and a suppression of Stat5 target genes. Distinct Stat5 mediated survival mechanisms were detected in K562 and Jak2(V617F)-transformed HEL cells. Stat5 is activated in the nuclear and cytosolic compartments of K562 cells and the S5-DBD-PA inhibitor most likely affects the viability of Bcr-Abl+ K562 cells through the inhibition of canonical Stat5 induced target gene transcription. In HEL cells, Stat5 is predominantly present in the cytoplasm and the survival of the Jak2(V617F)+ HEL cells is impeded through the inhibition of the cytoplasmic functions of Stat5.
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Eckols TK, Kolosov M, Lang P, Christensen K, Edwards DP, Tweardy DJ. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for STAT3β Reveal Its Contribution to Constitutive STAT3 Phosphorylation in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2012-34. [PMID: 25268166 PMCID: PMC4276954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in mice and humans 19 years ago, the contribution of alternatively spliced Stat3, Stat3β, to the overall functions of Stat3 has been controversial. Tyrosine-phosphorylated (p) Stat3β homodimers are more stable, bind DNA more avidly, are less susceptible to dephosphorylation, and exhibit distinct intracellular dynamics, most notably markedly prolonged nuclear retention, compared to pStat3α homodimers. Overexpression of one or the other isoform in cell lines demonstrated that Stat3β acted as a dominant-negative of Stat3α in transformation assays; however, studies with mouse strains deficient in one or the other isoform indicated distinct contributions of Stat3 isoforms to inflammation. Current immunological reagents cannot differentiate Stat3β proteins derived from alternative splicing vs. proteolytic cleavage of Stat3α. We developed monoclonal antibodies that recognize the 7 C-terminal amino acids unique to Stat3β (CT7) and do not cross-react with Stat3α. Immunoblotting studies revealed that levels of Stat3β protein, but not Stat3α, in breast cancer cell lines positively correlated with overall pStat3 levels, suggesting that Stat3β may contribute to constitutive Stat3 activation in this tumor system. The ability to unambiguously discriminate splice alternative Stat3β from proteolytic Stat3β and Stat3α will provide new insights into the contribution of Stat3β vs. Stat3α to oncogenesis, as well as other biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Moses M Kasembeli
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - T Kris Eckols
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Mikhail Kolosov
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Paul Lang
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kurt Christensen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - David J Tweardy
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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