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Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Palladini G, Croce AC, Cadamuro M, Fabris L, Perlini S, Adorini L, Ferrigno A, Vairetti M. FXR agonists INT-787 and OCA increase RECK and inhibit liver steatosis and inflammation in diet-induced ob/ob mouse model of NASH. Liver Int 2024; 44:214-227. [PMID: 37904642 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have previously shown in a model of hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) restores reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), an inverse modulator of metalloproteases (MMPs) and inhibitor of the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17 involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Here, the effects of FXR agonists OCA and INT-787 on hepatic levels of RECK, MMPs, ADAM10 and ADAM17 were compared in a diet-induced ob/ob mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Lep ob/ob NASH mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD) for 9 weeks (wks) were treated with OCA or INT-787 0.05% dosed via HFD admixture (30 mg/kg/day) or HFD for further 12 wks. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and inflammatory cytokines, liver RECK, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity as well as ADAM10, ADAM17, collagen deposition (Sirius red), hepatic stellate cell activation (α-SMA) and pCK+ reactive biliary cells were quantified. RESULTS Only INT-787 significantly reduced serum ALT, IL-1β and TGF-β. A downregulation of RECK expression and protein levels observed in HFD groups (at 9 and 21 wks) was counteracted by both OCA and INT-787. HFD induced a significant increase in liver MMP-2 and MMP-9; OCA administration reduced both MMP-2 and MMP-9 while INT-787 markedly reduced MMP-2 expression. OCA and INT-787 reduced both ADAM10 and ADAM17 expression and number of pCK+ cells. INT-787 was superior to OCA in decreasing collagen deposition and α-SMA levels. CONCLUSION INT-787 is superior to OCA in controlling specific cell types and clinically relevant anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic molecular mechanisms in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Cagna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Palladini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefano Perlini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Noormohammadi M, Ghorbani Z, Shahinfar H, Shidfar F. Is there any hepatic impact associated with rice bran arabinoxylan compound supplementation? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:665-675. [PMID: 37739721 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC) results from an enzymatic modification of rice bran, which is reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the hepatic adverse effects of RBAC by assessing the effect through liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). METHODS In the present study, the Medline (PubMed), Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant publications from the beginning to October 2022. The meta-analysis was based on the Mixed effect model to generate the mean effect sizes in weighted mean differences (WMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Chi-squared test, and the analysis of Galbraith plots was applied. RESULTS Subgroup meta-analysis on five eligible randomized controlled trials (n = 239) showed a significant decrease in serum AST regarding RBAC supplementation in powder form (WMD (95%CI) = -3.52 (-5.62, -1.42) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 46.9; P heterogeneity = 0.170), three months and more supplementation duration (WMD (95%CI) = -3.71 (-5.95, -1.48) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 29.9; P heterogeneity = 0.240) and studies with a good quality (WMD (95%CI) = -3.52 (-5.62, -1.42) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 46.9; P heterogeneity = 0.170). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, RBAC supplementation seems to not have any hepatic adverse effects and its supplementation as powder or for three months and more may decrease serum AST levels. However, we need further studies to confirm the results. REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYZES CRD42022361002, registration time: 29/09/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Yuan F, Yan K, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang G, Jiang H, Wang X, Zhu J, Sun J, Xu S, Hu J, Wang Y, Zhen R, Yan X. Long-term waterborne Cu 2+ exposure affects collagen metabolism in fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106452. [PMID: 36863151 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper pollution might have a negative effect on collagen metabolism in fish. To test this hypothesis, we exposed an important economical fish, silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus), to three concentrations of Cu2+ for up to 21 days to simulate natural exposure to copper. With increasing copper exposure concentration and time, hematoxylin and eosin staining and picrosirius red staining revealed extensive vacuolization, cell necrosis, and tissue structure destruction, and a change of type and abnormal accumulation of collagen in the liver, intestine, and muscle tissues. To further study the mechanism of collagen metabolism disorder caused by copper exposure, we cloned and analyzed a key collagen metabolism regulation gene, timp, of silver pomfret. The full-length timp2b cDNA was 1035 bp with an open reading frame of 663 bp, encoding a protein of 220 amino acids. Copper treatment significantly increased the expression of akts, erks, and fgfs genes and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Timp2b and MMPs. Finally, we constructed a silver pomfret muscle cell line (PaM) for the first time and used PaM Cu2+ exposure models (450 μM Cu2+ exposure for 9 h) to examine regulation function of the timp2b-mmps system. We knocked down or overexpressed timp2b in the model, and found that downregulation of mmps expression and upregulation of akt/erk/fgf were further aggravated in the timp2b- group (subjected to RNA interference), whereas some recovery was achieved in the timp2b+ group (overexpression). These results indicated that long-term excessive copper exposure can lead to tissue damage and abnormal collagen metabolism in fish, which might be caused by the alteration of akt/erk/fgf expression, which disrupts the effects of the timp2b-mmps system on extracellular matrix balance. The present study assessed the impact of copper on the collagen of fish and clarified its regulatory mechanism, providing a basis for toxicity of copper pollution study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Zhang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feirong Yuan
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaiheng Yan
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaya Li
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangbin Wang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiachu Sun
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Rongyue Zhen
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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The uPA/uPAR System Orchestrates the Inflammatory Response, Vascular Homeostasis, and Immune System in Fibrosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021796. [PMID: 36675310 PMCID: PMC9866279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are characterized by tissue overgrowth due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Fibrosis progression is caused by ECM overproduction and the inhibition of ECM degradation due to several events, including inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and immune abnormalities. Recently, it has been reported that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), known to be fibrinolytic factors, orchestrate the inflammatory response, vascular homeostasis, and immune homeostasis system. The uPA/uPAR system may show promise as a potential therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. This review considers the role of the uPA/uPAR system in the progression of fibrotic diseases.
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Bao H, Li J, Zhang B, Huang J, Su D, Liu L. Integrated bioinformatics and machine-learning screening for immune-related genes in diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with ischemic stroke and RRS1 pan-cancer analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113634. [PMID: 37090698 PMCID: PMC10115222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The cancer burden of NAFLD complicated by IS also warrants attention. This study aimed to identify candidate immune biomarkers linked to NAFLD and IS and analyze their association with cancer. Methods Two of each of the NAFLD and IS datasets were downloaded, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and module genes were screened via weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Subsequently, utilizing machine learning (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, random forest and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination) and immune cell infiltration analysis, immune-related candidate biomarkers for NAFLD with IS were determined. Simultaneously, a nomogram was established, the diagnostic efficacy was assessed, and the role of candidate biomarkers in cancer was ascertained through pan-cancer analyses. Results In this study, 117 and 98 DEGs were identified from the combined NAFLD and IS datasets, respectively, and 279 genes were obtained from the most significant modules of NAFLD. NAFLD module genes and IS DEGs were intersected to obtain nine genes, which were enriched in the inflammatory response and immune regulation. After overlapping the results of the three machine learning algorithms, six candidate genes were obtained, based on which a nomogram was constructed. The calibration curve demonstrated good accuracy, and the candidate genes had high diagnostic values. The genes were found to be related to the immune dysregulation of stroke, and RRS1 was strongly associated with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Conclusion Six common candidate immune-related genes (PTGS2, FCGR1A, MMP9, VNN3, S100A12, and RRS1) of NAFLD and IS were identified, and a nomogram for diagnosing NAFLD with IS was established. RRS1 may serve as a candidate gene for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer who have NAFLD complicated by IS, which could aid in their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Bao
- Department of Medical Imaging Center; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialty (Medical Imaging Department); Dominant Cultivation Discipline of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital (Medical Imaging Department), Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialty (Medical Imaging Department); Dominant Cultivation Discipline of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital (Medical Imaging Department), Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialty (Medical Imaging Department); Dominant Cultivation Discipline of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital (Medical Imaging Department), Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Danke Su
- Department of Medical Imaging Center; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialty (Medical Imaging Department); Dominant Cultivation Discipline of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital (Medical Imaging Department), Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Danke Su, ; Lidong Liu,
| | - Lidong Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialty (Medical Imaging Department); Dominant Cultivation Discipline of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital (Medical Imaging Department), Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Danke Su, ; Lidong Liu,
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Kołakowski A, Dziemitko S, Chmielecka A, Żywno H, Bzdęga W, Charytoniuk T, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Molecular Advances in MAFLD—A Link between Sphingolipids and Extracellular Matrix in Development and Progression to Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911380. [PMID: 36232681 PMCID: PMC9569877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of liver diseases globally and its prevalence is expected to grow in the coming decades. The main cause of MAFLD development is changed in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Increased production of matrix molecules and inflammatory processes lead to progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately liver failure. In addition, increased accumulation of sphingolipids accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ECM is closely related to lipogenesis, MAFLD development, and its progression to fibrosis. In our work, we will summarize all information regarding the role of sphingolipids e.g., ceramide and S1P in MAFLD development. These sphingolipids seem to have the most significant effect on macrophages and, consequently, HSCs which trigger the entire cascade of overproduction matrix molecules, especially type I and III collagen, proteoglycans, elastin, and also tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which as a result cause the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kołakowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Dziemitko
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Hubert Żywno
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktor Bzdęga
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Charytoniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Exploring mechanisms of Chaihu-Shugan-San against liver fibrosis by integrated multi-omics and network pharmacology approach. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231546. [PMID: 35791909 PMCID: PMC9301292 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaihu-Shugan-San (CHSGS), a noted traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used as a complementary and alternative therapy for liver fibrosis. However, the antifibrotic mechanisms of CHSGS still remain unclear. Thus, we used network pharmacology approach in combination with single cell and bulk transcriptomics to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanisms of CHSGS. We first screened out 134 bioactive ingredients of CHSGS through the defined criteria. Then, 1,150 genes were predicted to be targets for CHSGS, while 625 liver fibrosis-associated genes were identified by single cell transcriptomics analysis. Next, 71 intersecting genes of CHSGS and liver fibrosis were defined as the therapeutic targets in CHSGS against liver fibrosis. Further, 21 core targets and 12 core ingredients of CHSGS against liver fibrosis were also identified. Meanwhile, enrichment analyses of core targets highlighted that the key mechanisms of CHSGS against liver fibrosis include modulation of inflammation responses, inhibition of angiogenesis, and regulation of ECM remodeling, of which the most important mechanism was the regulation of ECM remodeling. The molecular docking simulation validated strong binding affinity between the core targets and core ingredients. Furthermore, 62-gene signature may be used for determining the prognosis in cirrhotic patients based on the results of ssGSEA-Cox analysis. In conclusion, this study revealed the multiple pharmacological targets and therapeutic mechanisms of CHSGS against liver fibrosis, which may thus serve as an effective antifibrotic therapy. Meanwhile, CHSGS may improve survival of patients with liver cirrhosis by the interaction of 62-gene signature.
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Saydmohammed M, Jha A, Mahajan V, Gavlock D, Shun TY, DeBiasio R, Lefever D, Li X, Reese C, Kershaw EE, Yechoor V, Behari J, Soto-Gutierrez A, Vernetti L, Stern A, Gough A, Miedel MT, Lansing Taylor D. Quantifying the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems with fluorescent protein biosensors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2420-2441. [PMID: 33957803 PMCID: PMC8606957 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disease that involves multiple organ systems including a critical role for the liver. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a key component of the metabolic syndrome and fatty liver is linked to a range of metabolic dysfunctions that occur in approximately 25% of the population. A panel of experts recently agreed that the acronym, NAFLD, did not properly characterize this heterogeneous disease given the associated metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity, and hypertension. Therefore, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed as the new term to cover the heterogeneity identified in the NAFLD patient population. Although many rodent models of NAFLD/NASH have been developed, they do not recapitulate the full disease spectrum in patients. Therefore, a platform has evolved initially focused on human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems that integrates fluorescent protein biosensors along with other key metrics, the microphysiology systems database, and quantitative systems pharmacology. Quantitative systems pharmacology is being applied to investigate the mechanisms of NAFLD/MAFLD progression to select molecular targets for fluorescent protein biosensors, to integrate computational and experimental methods to predict drugs for repurposing, and to facilitate novel drug development. Fluorescent protein biosensors are critical components of the platform since they enable monitoring of the pathophysiology of disease progression by defining and quantifying the temporal and spatial dynamics of protein functions in the biosensor cells, and serve as minimally invasive biomarkers of the physiological state of the microphysiology system experimental disease models. Here, we summarize the progress in developing human microphysiology system disease models of NAFLD/MAFLD from several laboratories, developing fluorescent protein biosensors to monitor and to measure NAFLD/MAFLD disease progression and implementation of quantitative systems pharmacology with the goal of repurposing drugs and guiding the creation of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manush Saydmohammed
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anupma Jha
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vineet Mahajan
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dillon Gavlock
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Richard DeBiasio
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel Lefever
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Celeste Reese
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Liver Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Larry Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew Stern
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Miedel
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Collagen Characterization in a Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Fibrosis; A Call for Development of Targeted Therapeutics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113316. [PMID: 34205850 PMCID: PMC8198364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Left untreated, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and end-stage liver disease. To date, few if any therapies have proven effective against NASH with fibrosis. Quantification and qualification of hepatic scar might enable development of more effective targeted therapies. In a murine model of NASH induced by diet, we characterized fibrillar collagen deposition within the hepatic parenchyma. At harvest, livers from the modified diet cohort exhibited NASH with fibrosis. Transcriptomic analysis of hepatic tissue revealed increased col1a1, col1a2, and col3a1, each of which correlated directly with hepatic hydroxyproline content. Circular polarized microscopic analysis of Picrosirius red-stained liver sections revealed deposition of collagen type I within the parenchyma. Development of therapeutics designed to mitigate collagen type I accumulation might prove effective in NASH with fibrosis.
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Yang X, Cheng QN, Wu JF, Ai WB, Ma L. Analysis of key genes and related transcription factors in liver fibrosis based on bioinformatic technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:444-454. [PMID: 33936366 PMCID: PMC8085816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to liver fibrosis, and clarify the key genes and the possible targets in the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS Using microarray datasets, GSE38199 was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and a bioinformatics method was performed to find DEGs and transcription factors related to liver fibrosis. RESULTS A total of 58 DEGs were screened out according to GEO2R online analysis tool, which included 49 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were mainly involved in formation with the extracellular region and extracellular exosome through gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs mainly participated in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and metabolic pathways. Based on the results of the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis, 9 key genes (COL1A1, FBN1, BGN, COL6A3, MMP2, FBLN5, LUM, PDGFRB, LOXL1) were screened out. A total of 30 transcription factors were found according to these 9 key genes, of which 4 transcription factors (Stat3, Trp53, NF-κB1, Sp1) were enriched. CONCLUSION Stat3, Trp53, NF-κB1, and Sp1 were all related to the development of liver fibrosis, and FBLN5 might be a target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
| | - Qi-Ni Cheng
- Medical College, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Department of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, The First People’s Hospital of YichangYichang, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Bing Ai
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- The Yiling Hospital of YichangYichang, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Medical College, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China
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Corrao S, Natoli G, Argano C. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and not with extrahepatic form: definitive evidence from meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:62-68. [PMID: 32091438 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer with poor prognosis. The detection of risk factors is fundamental to identify subjects at higher risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Recent data suggested that NAFLD increases the risk of cholangiocarcinoma development. However, it is necessary to better explain the strength of association between NAFLD and cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS A systematic research of current case-control, cohort, clinical trial and meta-analysis on the main electronic databases was made. A recent systematic review was recognized. We performed cumulative meta-analyses with sensitivity analysis excluding studies with large sample size and with great clinical heterogeneity, then we checked for further studies. At the final step, three trial sequential analyses were done as well. RESULTS NAFLD determines an increased risk of total cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) development: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.88 (1.25-2.83), OR (95% CI): 2.19 (1.48-3.25), respectively. On the contrary, NAFLD does not show a significant effect on extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) (OR (95% CI): 1.48 (0.93-2.36). The trial sequential analyses regarding total cholangiocarcinoma and iCCA showed that z-curve was outside computed alpha boundaries, proving that the positive association was conclusive. The trial sequential analysis about eCCA showed that z-curve was inside computed futile boundaries, proving that negative results were conclusive. CONCLUSION The performance of new sensitive analyses and the respective trial sequential analyses, after withdraw of confounding factors, suggested the existence of definitive association only between NAFLD and iCCA development and not with eCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Corrao
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, National Relevance Hospital Trust, ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli
- Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", (PROMISE) University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Natoli
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, National Relevance Hospital Trust, ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli
| | - Christiano Argano
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, National Relevance Hospital Trust, ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli
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Duriez M, Jacquet A, Hoet L, Roche S, Bock MD, Rocher C, Haussy G, Vigé X, Bocskei Z, Slavnic T, Martin V, Guillemot JC, Didier M, Kannt A, Orsini C, Mikol V, Fèvre ACL. A 3D Human Liver Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:359-370. [PMID: 33447518 PMCID: PMC7782122 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: To better understand nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) disease progression and to evaluate drug targets and compound activity, we undertook the development of an in vitro 3D model to mimic liver architecture and the NASH environment. Methods: We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D NASH model by coculturing primary human hepatocytes, human stellate cells, liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen on a 96-well plate. A NASH-like environment was induced by addition of medium containing free fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor-α. This model was then characterized by biochemical, imaging and transcriptomics analyses. Results: We succeeded in defining suitable culture conditions to maintain the 3D coculture for up to 10 days in vitro, with the lowest level of steatosis and reproducible low level of inflammation and fibrosis. NASH disease was induced with a custom medium mimicking NASH features. The cell model exhibited the key NASH disease phenotypes of hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte injury was highlighted by a decrease of CYP3A4 expression and activity, without loss of viability up to day 10. Moreover, the model was able to stimulate a stable inflammatory and early fibrotic environment, with expression and secretion of several cytokines. A global gene expression analysis confirmed the NASH induction. Conclusions: This is a new in vitro model of NASH disease consisting of four human primary cell-types that exhibits most features of the disease. The 10-day cell viability and cost effectiveness of the model make it suitable for medium throughput drug screening and provide attractive avenues to better understand disease physiology and to identify and characterize new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Duriez
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Agnes Jacquet
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Lucile Hoet
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Sandrine Roche
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Bock
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Corinne Rocher
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Gilles Haussy
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Xavier Vigé
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Zsolt Bocskei
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Valérie Martin
- Non Clinical Biostatistics, Sanofi, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Michel Didier
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research, Sanofi, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cécile Orsini
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Vincent Mikol
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Anne-Céline Le Fèvre
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
- Correspondence to: Anne-Céline Le Fèvre, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France. Tel: +33-160495815, E-mail:
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FABP4 and MMP9 levels identified as predictive factors for poor prognosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver using data mining approaches and gene expression analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19785. [PMID: 31874999 PMCID: PMC6930227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prognostic markers for these conditions are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to identify predictive gene markers for the transition from NAFL to NASH and then to poorer conditions. Gene expression omnibus datasets associated with a prediction analysis algorithm were used to create a matrix composed of control subject (n = 52), healthy obese (n = 51), obese with NAFL (n = 42) and NASH patients (n = 37) and 19,085 genes in order to identify specific genes predictive of the transition from steatosis to NASH and from NASH to cirrhosis and HCC and thus patients at high risk of complications. A validation cohort was used to validate these results. We identified two genes, fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), which respectively allowed distinguishing patients at risk of progression from NAFL to NASH and from NASH to cirrhosis and HCC. Thus, NAFL patients expressing high hepatic levels of FABP4 and NASH patients expressing high hepatic levels of MMP9 are likely to experience disease progression. Therefore, using FABP4 and MMP9 as blood markers could help to predict poor outcomes and/or progression of NAFL during clinical trial follow-up.
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Adelmidrol protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:777-784. [PMID: 31853615 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more serious condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a widely spread type of chronic liver disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lipotoxicity are involved in hepatic injury of NASH. This work aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of adelmidrol (PPAR α and γ agonist) against NASH in mice.Thirty-six mice were divided into six equal groups: sham-operated, NASH, vehicle, adelmidrol 5 mg/kg, adelmidrol 10 mg/kg, and adelmidrol 20 mg /kg. Adelmidrol was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 7 weeks along with high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were euthanized, and livers were removed for light microscopic examination and detection of reduced glutathione (GSH) content while blood samples were collected for assessment of transaminases (ALT& AST), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), adiponectin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride. NASH mice had increments in MMP-1, TNF-α, AST, ALT, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels while HDL, adiponectin levels, and GSH content were decreased with vesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and degeneration. Administration of adelmidrol decreased MMP-1, TNF-α, AST, ALT, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels while increased HDL, adiponectin levels, and GSH content as well as ameliorated the histopathological changes. Adelmidrol protected mice from NASH; an effect could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
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Rao C, Ni YR, Zhao YM, Zhang YQ, Zhou RT, Liu CB, Han L, Wu JF. Class C1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits profibrotic genes expression in rat hepatic stellate cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:667-674. [PMID: 31974596 PMCID: PMC6947877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether class C1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can inhibit the expression of pro‑fibrotic genes associated with rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and hepatic fibrosis. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to test the promoter activities of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β and its downstream target genes following transfection of decoy ODNs and plasmids into HSC‑T6 cells, and western blot assays were performed to measure the protein expression of those genes following decoy ODN transfection. Class C1 decoy ODNs were confirmed to inhibit the promoter activity of TGF‑β and its downstream target genes, such as type 1 collagen (COLI)α1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)1 and α‑smooth muscle actin by Gaussia luciferase reporter assay, and to further downregulate the expression of TGF‑β, SMAD3, COLIα1 and TIMP1 by western blotting in activated HSC‑T6 cells. In conclusion, class C1 decoy ODNs inhibited pro‑fibrotic gene expression in rat HSCS by downregulating TGF‑β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Rao
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University and the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Min Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Ting Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University and the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University and the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
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Fatty Acid Desaturase Involvement in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Models: Oxidative Stress Versus Metalloproteinases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040799. [PMID: 30965590 PMCID: PMC6521187 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in fatty acid desaturases, D5D, D6D, D9-16D and D9-18D, and their relationship with oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serum TNF-alpha in two rat models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats fed for 3 weeks with methionine-choline–deficient (MCD) diet and eleven-week-old Obese male Zucker rats were used. Serum levels of hepatic enzymes and TNF-alpha were quantified. Hepatic oxidative stress (ROS, TBARS and GSH content) and MMP-2 and MMP-9 (protein expression and activity) were evaluated. Liver fatty acid profiling, performed by GC-MS, was used for the quantification of desaturase activities. Higher D5D and D9-16D were found in Obese Zucker rats as well as an increase in D9-18D in MCD rats. D6D was found only in MCD rats. A negative correlation between D5D and D9-16D versus TBARS, ROS and TNF-alpha and a positive correlation with GSH were shown in fatty livers besides a positive correlation between D9-18D versus TBARS, ROS and TNF-alpha and a negative correlation with GSH. A positive correlation between D5D or D9-16D or D9-18D versus protein expression and the activity of MMP-2 were found. NAFLD animal models showed comparable serum enzymes. These results reinforce and extend findings on the identification of therapeutic targets able to counteract NAFLD disorder.
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17
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Animal Models of Steatosis (NAFLD) and Steatohepatitis (NASH) Exhibit Hepatic Lobe-Specific Gelatinases Activity and Oxidative Stress. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 2019:5413461. [PMID: 30854350 PMCID: PMC6378039 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5413461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of obstructive cholestasis and ischemia/reperfusion damage have revealed the functional heterogeneity of liver lobes. This study evaluates this heterogeneity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rat models. Twelve-week-old Obese and Lean male Zucker rats were used for NAFLD. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats fed with 8-week methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and relative control diet were used for NASH. Gelatinase (MMP-2; MMP-9) activity and protein levels, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated in the left (LL), median (ML), and right liver (RL) lobes. Serum hepatic enzymes and TNF-alpha were assessed. An increase in gelatinase activity in the NASH model occurred in RL compared with ML. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 displayed the same trend in RL as ML and LL. Control diet RL showed higher MMP-9 activity compared with ML and LL. No significant lobar differences in MMP-2 activity were detected in the NAFLD model. MMP-9 activity was not detectable in Zucker rats. TIMP-1 was lower in LL when compared with ML while no lobar differences were detectable for TIMP-2 in either Obese or Lean Zucker rats. Control diet rats exhibited higher ROS formation in LL versus RL. Significant increases in TBARS levels were observed in LL versus ML and RL in control and MCD rats. The same trend for ROS and TBARS was found in Obese and Lean Zucker rats. An increased serum TNF-alpha occurred in MCD rats. A lobar difference was detected for MMPs, TIMPs, ROS, and TBARS in both MCD and Zucker rats. Higher MMP activation in RL and higher oxidative stress in the LL, compared with the other lobes studied, supports growing evidence for functional heterogeneity among the liver lobes occurring certainly in both NAFLD and NASH rats.
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18
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Okazaki I. Meet Our Regional Editor. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/187152061811190128115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Okazaki
- International University of Health and Welfare, Sanno Hospital Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Li N, Zhao X, You S. Identification of key regulators of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis of microarray data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14074. [PMID: 30633213 PMCID: PMC6336631 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and its etiology remains largely unknown. This study aimed to screen a panel of key genes and to identify their potential impact on the molecular pathways associated with the development of PDAC. Four gene expression profiles, GSE28735, GSE15471, GSE102238, and GSE43795, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The intersection of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset was obtained using Venn analysis. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis were subsequently carried out. To screen for hub genes, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed.The intersection of the DEGs revealed 7 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes. Upon relaxation of the selection criteria, 58 upregulated and 32 downregulated DEGs were identified. The top 5 biological processes identified by GO analysis involved peptide cross-linking, extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly, regulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway, mesoderm morphogenesis, and lipid digestion. The results of KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways involved in protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, pancreatic secretion, and fat digestion and absorption. The top ten hub genes were identified based on the PPI network.In conclusion, the identified hub genes may contribute to the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PDAC and serve as promising candidates that can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PDAC. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyi You
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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Serum biomarkers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: association with liver histology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:43-46. [PMID: 30134384 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to explore the interplay of multiple serum biomarkers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling with the results of liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from 80 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 59 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by using the Luminex MagPix technology on a MAGPIX analyzer. RESULTS We documented significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 between NAFLD patients and controls. However, none of these biomarkers was able to distinguish between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with significant fibrosis (fibrosis stage ≥2; 2624±1261 pg/ml) than in those without (fibrosis stage 0-1; 2096±906 pg/ml; P=0.03). Moreover, serum levels of TIMP-1 were identified as the only independent predictor of histological fibrosis (β=0.298, t=2.7, P=0.007). CONCLUSION Our study provides insights into the association of multiple serum biomarkers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling with NAFLD histology. Notably, serum levels of TIMP-1 were identified as a clinically useful marker for distinguishing NAFLD patients with and without significant fibrosis.
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Munsterman ID, Kendall TJ, Khelil N, Popa M, Lomme R, Drenth JPH, Tjwa ETTL. Extracellular matrix components indicate remodelling activity in different fibrosis stages of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Histopathology 2018; 73:612-621. [PMID: 29856896 DOI: 10.1111/his.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The composition of several important extracellular matrix components (ECM) has not yet been elucidated in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the proportion of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in human NAFLD liver tissue with respect to severity of inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Histopathological features were quantified by NAFLD activity score and grading assignment. The collagen proportionate area (CPA) was measured. Slides were stained with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as a marker of activated HSCs, and α-SMA was quantified digitally. Zymography was performed to measure the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). α-SMA was higher in severe fibrosis (6.3%, interquartile range 2.9-13.1) than mild and no fibrosis (median 1.1 and 0.9%, P < 0.001) and correlated strongly with CPA (Rs = 0.870, P < 0.001). ProMMP-2 activity in severe (4.1%, IQR 2.6-16.2) and mild fibrosis (2.7%, IQR 1.9-3.9) was higher than in no fibrosis (1.5%, (IQR 0.95-2.1); P = 0.001 and P = 0.046) and showed a moderate positive correlation with CPA (Rs = 0.495, P = 0.001). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in severe fibrosis than mild or no fibrosis. Both showed moderate correlation with CPA (TIMP-1: Rs = 0.471, P = 0.002 and TIMP-2: Rs = 0.325, P = 0.036). MMP-9 correlated as the only ECM component to inflammation severity. CONCLUSIONS Advanced human NAFLD-fibrosis has a distinct ECM composition with increased HSCs and increased TIMP inhibition, but there is also ongoing remodelling activity of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle D Munsterman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nawel Khelil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madalina Popa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roger Lomme
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric T T L Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Weremijewicz A, Matuszczak E, Sankiewicz A, Tylicka M, Komarowska M, Tokarzewicz A, Debek W, Gorodkiewicz E, Hermanowicz A. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its correlation with basal membrane components laminin-5 and collagen type IV in paediatric burn patients measured with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) biosensors. Burns 2018; 44:931-940. [PMID: 29395405 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the determination of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its correlation with basal membrane components laminin-5 and collagen type IV in the blood plasma of burn patients measured with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) biosensors. MATERIAL AND METHODS 31 children scalded by hot water who were managed at the Department of Paediatric Surgery between 2014-2015, after primarily presenting with burns in 4-20% TBSA were included into the study (age 9 months up to 14 years, mean age 2,5+1 years). There were 10 girls and 21 boys. Venous blood samples were drawn 2-6h, and 12-16h after the thermal injury, and on the subsequent days 3, 5 and 7. The matrix metalloproteinase-2, collagen type IV and laminin-5 concentrations were assessed using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging by the investigators blinded to the other data. RESULTS The MMP-2, laminin-5 and collagen type IV concentrations in the blood plasma of patients with burns, were highest 12-16h after thermal injury, the difference was statistically significant. The MMP-2, laminin-5 and collagen type IV concentrations measured 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after the thermal injury, slowly decreased over time, and on the 7th day reached the normal range, when compared with the concentration measured in controls. CONCLUSION Current work is the first follow-up study regarding MMP-2 in burns. MMP-2, laminin-5 and collagen type IV levels were elevated early after burn injury in the plasma of studied patients, and were highest 12-16h after the injury. MMP-2, laminin-5 and collagen type IV levels were not proportional to the severity of the burn. We believe in the possibility that the gradual decrease of MMP-2, collagen type IV and laminin-5 concentrations could be connected with the process of healing, but to prove it, more investigation is needed in this area. The SPR imaging biosensor is a good diagnostic tool for determination of MMP-2, laminin-5 and collagen type IV in blood plasma of patients with burns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Matuszczak
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Sankiewicz
- Electrochemistry Department, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Tylicka
- Biophysics Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Komarowska
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Debek
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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23
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The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1751583. [PMID: 29853945 PMCID: PMC5960521 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1751583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrolyzed polysaccharide, Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC), on biomarkers in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 90-day randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of RBAC on complete blood count, liver enzymes, lipids, oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and growth factors. Twenty-three adults with NAFLD were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two study conditions (n = 12 RBAC and n = 11 placebo) and consumed 1 gram/day of either compound for 90 days. Subjects were assessed at baseline and 45 and 90 days. No adverse effects were reported. Alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased (−3.1%; SD = 19.9; F[1,19] = 5.1, p = 0.03) in the RBAC group compared to placebo. Percent monocytes (17.9%; SD = 18.3; F[1,19] = 5.9, p = 0.02) and percent eosinophils (30.6%; SD = 30.5; F[1,19] = 12.3, p < 0.01) increased in the RBAC group. IFN-γ (156%; SD = 131.8; F[1,19] = 4.2, p = 0.06) and IL-18 (29.1%; SD = 64; F[1,19] = 5.3, p = 0.03) increased in the RBAC group compared to placebo. Other improvements were noted for platelets, neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, γ-glutamyl transferase, and 4-hydroxynonenal. RBAC had beneficial effects on several biomarkers that add to the known immunomodulatory activities of RBAC, which may be promising for people with NAFLD.
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24
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Patel V, Joharapurkar A, Kshirsagar S, Patel M, Sutariya B, Patel H, Pandey D, Patel D, Ranvir R, Kadam S, Bahekar R, Jain M. Coagonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptors ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:587-596. [PMID: 29406832 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Coagonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) are under clinical investigation for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we have demonstrated the effect of a balanced coagonist in the treatment of NAFLD using mouse models. GLP-1R agonist exendin-4, glucagon, and coagonist (Aib2 C24 chimera2) were administered to C57BL6/J mice, in which NAFLD was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment after high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, and choline-deficient, L-amino-acid-defined HFD (CDAHFD) feeding. Repeated dose administration of coagonist significantly attenuated liver inflammation and steatosis induced by acute and long-term treatment with CCl4 in HFD-fed mice. Coagonist markedly attenuated the CDAHFD-induced expression of TIMP-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, MCP-1, COL1A1, and α-SMA. It also inhibited progression of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice. Exendin-4 was better than glucagon, but coagonist was most effective in reduction of hepatic inflammation as well as steatosis. Coagonist of GLP-1R and GCGR improved NAFLD in C57BL6/J mice. This effect is mediated by reduction in lipotoxicity and inflammation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Amit Joharapurkar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Samadhan Kshirsagar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Maulik Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Brijesh Sutariya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Dheerendra Pandey
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Dipam Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Ramchandra Ranvir
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Shekhar Kadam
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Rajesh Bahekar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
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Wongjarupong N, Assavapongpaiboon B, Susantitaphong P, Cheungpasitporn W, Treeprasertsuk S, Rerknimitr R, Chaiteerakij R. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:149. [PMID: 29216833 PMCID: PMC5721586 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recently identified as a risk factor of gastrointestinal tract cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Whether NAFLD is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains inconclusive. The aim of this study is to determine a potential association between NAFLD and CCA, stratifying by its subtypes; intrahepatic CCA (iCCA), and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA). Methods A search was conducted for relevant studies published up to April 2017 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted with study characteristics. Results Seven case-control studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 9,102 CCA patients (5,067 iCCA and 4,035 eCCA) and 129,111 controls. Overall, NAFLD was associated with an increased risk for CCA, with pooled OR of 1.95 (95%CI: 1.36–2.79, I2=76%). When classified by subtypes, NAFLD was associated with both iCCA and eCCA, with ORs of 2.22 (95%CI: 1.52–3.24, I2=67%) and 1.55 (95%CI: 1.03–2.33, I2=69%), respectively. The overall pooled adjusted ORs were 1.97 (95%CI: 1.41–2.75, I2=71%), 2.09 (95%CI, 1.49–2.91, I2=42%) and 2.05 (95%CI, 1.59–2.64, I2=0%) for all CCAs, iCCA, and eCCA, respectively. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that NAFLD may potentially increase the risk of CCA development. The magnitude of NAFLD on CCA risk is greater for iCCA than eCCA subtype, suggestive of a common pathogenesis of iCCA and hepatocellular carcinoma. Further studies to confirm this association are warranted. Trial registration The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42016046573). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-017-0696-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Wongjarupong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buravej Assavapongpaiboon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paweena Susantitaphong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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26
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Ando W, Yokomori H, Tsutsui N, Yamanouchi E, Suzuki Y, Oda M, Inagaki Y, Otori K, Okazaki I. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 level represents disease activity as opposed to fibrosis in patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017; 24:61-76. [PMID: 29151327 PMCID: PMC5875199 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is prevalent in both economically developed and developing countries. Twenty percent of NASH progresses to cirrhosis with/without hepatocellular carcinoma, and there is an urgent need to find biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring progression of the disease. Using immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic examination we previously reported that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) increased in monocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in early stage NASH. The present study investigated whether serum MMP-1 levels reflect disease activity and pharmaceutical effects in NASH patients. Methods We measured the serum levels of MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and several cytokines/chemokines in patients with histologically proven early and advanced stages of NASH and compared them with those in healthy controls. Results Serum MMP-1 levels in stage 1 fibrosis, but not in the more advanced fibrosis stages, were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P=0.019). There was no correlation between serum MMP-1 level and fibrosis stage. Serum MMP- 1 levels in NASH patients represented disease activity estimated by serum aminotransferase values during the follow-up period. In contrast, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMPs did not change with disease activity. Consistent with the finding that MMP-1 is expressed predominantly in monocytes and Kupffer cells, serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor were significantly increased in NASH with stage 1 fibrosis. Conclusions These results suggest that serum MMP-1 levels represent disease activity and may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, NasuShiobara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
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27
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Xie SR, An JY, Zheng LB, Huo XX, Guo J, Shih D, Zhang XL. Effects and mechanism of adenovirus-mediated phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten gene on collagen deposition in rat liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5904-5912. [PMID: 28932082 PMCID: PMC5583575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene on collagen metabolism in hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS Rat primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and human LX-2 cells were transfected with adenovirus containing cDNA constructs encoding wild-type PTEN (Ad-PTEN), PTEN mutant G129E gene (Ad-G129E), and RNA interference constructs targeting the PTEN sequence PTEN short hairpin RNA to up-regulate and down-regulate the expression of PTEN. HSCs were assayed using fluorescent microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Moreover, a CCl4-induced rat hepatic fibrosis model was established to investigate the in vivo effects. Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome were used to assess the histological changes. The expression of collagen I and III was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.
RESULTS Elevated expression of PTEN gene reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, decreased collagen deposition in the liver, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis. In contrast, knockdown of PTEN expression had an opposite effect, such as increased collagen deposition in the liver, and was molecularly characterized by the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 (P < 0.01) and MMP-2 (P < 0.01), as well as decreased expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 (P < 0.01) and TIMP-2 (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION These data indicated that gene therapy using recombinant adenovirus encoding PTEN might be a novel way of treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Yan An
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Bo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - David Shih
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Sodhi K, Srikanthan K, Goguet-Rubio P, Nichols A, Mallick A, Nawab A, Martin R, Shah PT, Chaudhry M, Sigdel S, El-Hamdani M, Liu J, Xie Z, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI. pNaKtide Attenuates Steatohepatitis and Atherosclerosis by Blocking Na/K-ATPase/ROS Amplification in C57Bl6 and ApoE Knockout Mice Fed a Western Diet. Sci Rep 2017; 7:193. [PMID: 28298638 PMCID: PMC5428305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the α1 subunit of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase), acts as a receptor and an amplifier for reactive oxygen species, in addition to its distinct pumping function. On this background, we speculated that blockade of Na/K-ATPase-induced ROS amplification with a specific peptide, pNaKtide, might attenuate the development of steatohepatitis. To test this hypothesis, pNaKtide was administered to a murine model of NASH: the C57Bl6 mouse fed a “western” diet containing high amounts of fat and fructose. The administration of pNaKtide reduced obesity as well as hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Of interest, we also noted marked improvement in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and aortic streaking in this mouse model. To further elucidate the effects of pNaKtide on atherosclerosis, similar studies were performed in ApoE knockout mice also exposed to the western diet. In these mice, pNaKtide not only improved steatohepatitis, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity, but also ameliorated significant aortic atherosclerosis. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the Na/K-ATPase/ROS amplification loop contributes significantly to the development and progression of steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis. And furthermore, this study presents a potential treatment, the pNaKtide, for the metabolic syndrome phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Krithika Srikanthan
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Perrine Goguet-Rubio
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Alexandra Nichols
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Amrita Mallick
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Athar Nawab
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Preeya T Shah
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Saroj Sigdel
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Mehiar El-Hamdani
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Zijian Xie
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA.
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Paquissi FC. Immune Imbalances in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From General Biomarkers and Neutrophils to Interleukin-17 Axis Activation and New Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2016; 7:490. [PMID: 27891128 PMCID: PMC5104753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing problem worldwide and is associated with negative outcomes such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular events. Current evidence shows that the immune response has an important participation driving the initiation, maintenance, and progression of the disease. So, various immune imbalances, from cellular to cytokines levels, have been studied, either for better compression of the disease pathophysiology or as biomarkers for severity assessment and outcome prediction. In this article, we performed a thorough review of studies that evaluated the role of inflammatory/immune imbalances in the NAFLD. At the cellular level, we gave special focus on the imbalance between neutrophils and lymphocytes counts (the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), and that which occurs between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells as emerging biomarkers. By extension, we reviewed the reflection of these imbalances at the molecular level through pro-inflammatory cytokines including those involved in Th17 differentiation (IL-6, IL-21, IL-23, and transforming growth factor-beta), and those released by Th17 cells (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22). We gave particular attention to the role of IL-17, either produced by Th17 cells or neutrophils, in fibrogenesis and steatohepatitis. Finally, we reviewed the potential of these pathways as new therapeutic targets in NAFLD.
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Xu J, E C, Yao Y, Ren S, Wang G, Jin H. Matrix metalloproteinase expression and molecular interaction network analysis in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2403-2408. [PMID: 27698806 PMCID: PMC5038516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer of the digestive tract. Invasion of tumor cells into surrounding tissue and metastasis are among the most significant checkpoints in tumor progression. It is known that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in these processes; however, knowledge of their molecular interaction networks is still limited. Investigation of these networks could provide a more comprehensive picture of the function of MMPs in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, it could be used to develop new approaches to targeted anticancer therapy. In this study, we performed microarray analysis, and 1666 genes that were aberrantly expressed in GC tissues were identified (fold change >2, P<0.05). In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis has confirmed that MMP1, MMP3, MMP7, MMP10, MMP11 and MMP12 expression is upregulated in GC. In addition, the MMP3 expression level was negatively correlated with GC differentiation (P<0.05). By integrating the microarray information and BioGRID and STRING databases, we constructed an MMP-related molecular interaction network and observed that 18 genes (including MMPs) were highly expressed in GC tissues. The most enriched of these 18 genes in the Gene Oncology (GO) and pathway analysis were in extracellular matrix disassembly (GO biological process) and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction (KEGG pathway), which are closely correlated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Collectively, our results suggest that the MMP-related interaction network has a role in GC progression, and therefore further studies are required in order to investigate these network interactions in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Xu
- Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changyong E
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shuangchun Ren
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Jin
- Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Musso G, Cassader M, Cohney S, De Michieli F, Pinach S, Saba F, Gambino R. Fatty Liver and Chronic Kidney Disease: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:1830-45. [PMID: 27660122 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ESRD or CVD develop in a substantial proportion of patients with CKD receiving standard-of-care therapy, and mortality in CKD remains unchanged. These data suggest that key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CKD progression go unaffected by current treatments. Growing evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and CKD share common pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Common nutritional conditions predisposing to both NAFLD and CKD include excessive fructose intake and vitamin D deficiency. Modulation of nuclear transcription factors regulating key pathways of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and farnesoid X receptor, is advancing to stage III clinical development. The relevance of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CKD is also emerging, and modulation of microRNA21 is a promising therapeutic target. Although single antioxidant supplementation has yielded variable results, modulation of key effectors of redox regulation and molecular sensors of intracellular energy, nutrient, or oxygen status show promising preclinical results. Other emerging therapeutic approaches target key mediators of inflammation, such as chemokines; fibrogenesis, such as galectin-3; or gut dysfunction through gut microbiota manipulation and incretin-based therapies. Furthermore, NAFLD per se affects CKD through lipoprotein metabolism and hepatokine secretion, and conversely, targeting the renal tubule by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors can improve both CKD and NAFLD. Implications for the treatment of NAFLD and CKD are discussed in light of this new therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Solomon Cohney
- Department of Nephrology, Western & Royal Melbourne Hospitals, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franco De Michieli
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Pinach
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Takeuchi-Yorimoto A, Yamaura Y, Kanki M, Ide T, Nakata A, Noto T, Matsumoto M. MicroRNA-21 is associated with fibrosis in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and serves as a plasma biomarker for fibrotic liver disease. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Musso G, Cassader M, Cohney S, Pinach S, Saba F, Gambino R. Emerging Liver-Kidney Interactions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Trends Mol Med 2016; 21:645-662. [PMID: 26432021 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence connects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). We review emerging mechanistic links between NAFLD and CKD, including altered activation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2, nutrient/energy sensors sirtuin-1 and AMP-activated kinase, as well as impaired antioxidant defense mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Dietary fructose excess may also contribute to NAFLD and CKD. NAFLD affects renal injury through lipoprotein dysmetabolism and altered secretion of the hepatokines fibroblast growth factor-21, fetuin-A, insulin-like growth factor-1, and syndecan-1. CKD may mutually aggravate NAFLD and associated metabolic disturbances through altered intestinal barrier function and microbiota composition, the accumulation of uremic toxic metabolites, and alterations in pre-receptor glucocorticoid metabolism. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for the treatment of NAFLD and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Solomon Cohney
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne and Western Hospital, Victoria, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silvia Pinach
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Jia D, Ni YR, Zhang YQ, Rao C, Hou J, Tang HQ, Liu CB, Wu JF. SP1 and UTE1 Decoy ODNs inhibit activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by targeting tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:31. [PMID: 27175276 PMCID: PMC4863342 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix of hepatic fibrosis is positively correlated with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). Here we aimed to investigate whether TIMP1 may be down-regulated by Decoy ODNs strategy to capture transcriptional factor upstream TIMP1 element 1 (UTE1) and specificity protein 1(SP1). Results By luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that these Decoy ODNs could influence the promoter activation of TIMP-1, α-SMA and Collagen Iα2 (COLΙα2) genes as well as the enhancer activation of TRE in HSC-T6 cells, and the combination tended to be more effective than SP1 or UTE1 Decoy ODN alone. Western blot analysis also demonstrated down-regulation of the expression of those target genes except for TGF-β. Furthermore, we observed that the viability of HSC-T6 cells at 72 h was significantly in decline in combination group. Conclusion The combination of SP1 and UTE1 Decoy ODNs treatments inhibit the activation and proliferation of HSCs more effectively than one of the Decoy ODNs through co-regulation of TIMP1 and TGF-β signal pathway but not the expression of TGF-β itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jia
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China
| | - Chun Rao
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Jun Hou
- First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - He-Qing Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
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Strilakou A, Perelas A, Lazaris A, Papavdi A, Karkalousos P, Giannopoulou I, Kriebardis A, Panayiotides I, Liapi C. Immunohistochemical determination of the extracellular matrix modulation in a rat model of choline-deprived myocardium: the effects of carnitine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 30:47-57. [PMID: 26501493 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choline has been identified as an essential nutrient with crucial role in many vital biological functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that heart dysfunction can develop in the setting of choline deprivation even in the absence of underlying heart disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for extracellular matrix degradation, and the dysregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs), in the pathogenesis of choline deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy, and the way they are affected by carnitine supplementation. Male Wistar Albino adult rats were divided into four groups and received standard or choline-deficient diet with or without L-carnitine in drinking water (0.15% w/v) for 1 month. Heart tissue immunohistochemistry for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was performed. Choline deficiency was associated with suppressed immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and an increased expression of TIMP-2 compared to control, while it had no impact on TIMP-1. MMP-9 expression was decreased without, however, reaching statistical significance. Carnitine did not affect MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression. The pattern of TIMP and MMP modulation observed in a choline deficiency setting appears to promote fibrosis. Carnitine, although shown to suppress fibrosis, does not seem to affect MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression. Further studies will be required to identify the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of carnitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Strilakou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Perelas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Asteria Papavdi
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Karkalousos
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos and Dimitsanas Street, Egaleo, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Giannopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos and Dimitsanas Street, Egaleo, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Liapi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Ashtari S, Pourhoseingholi MA, Sharifian A, Zali MR. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia: Prevention strategy and planning. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1708-1717. [PMID: 26140091 PMCID: PMC4483553 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To review all of epidemiological and etiological aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and examined the prevention of this disease in Asia.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We were chosen articles that published previously, from PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane database and Scopus. The key words used in this research were as follows: HCC in Asia and the way of prevention of this disease, with no language limitations. We selected those papers published before 2014 that we considered to be most important and appropriate. All relevant articles were accessed in full text and all relevant materials was evaluated and reviewed.
RESULTS: More than 70% of all new cases of liver cancer were diagnosed in Asia, a region that 75% of all those chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the world. Chronic HBV infection is the main cause of HCC in Asia, where the virus is endemic and vertical transmission is common. Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Pakistan are exception because of high prevalence of HCV infection in these regions. The prevalence of this cancer is high in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, But Middle Eastern countries are characterized as moderate prevalence rate of HCC region and Central Asia and some part of Middle Eastern countries are known as low prevalence rate of HCC. In addition of HBV and HCV the other factors such as aflatoxin, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) might be responsible for a low prevalence of HCC in Asian countries. Currently available HCC therapies, chemotherapy, surgical are inefficient, mainly due to usually late diagnosis and high recurrence rates after surgical resection, and usually end with treatment failure. Liver transplantation also remains as a difficult strategy in patients with HCC. Thus prevention of HCC by treating and prevention HBV and HCV infection, the major causative agents of HCC, and the other risk factors such as aflatoxin, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and NAFLD is of a great medical importance.
CONCLUSION: The main challenge which still present in Asia, is the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis. So, prevention of HBV and HCV is the key strategy to reduce the incidence of HCC in Asia.
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LI GUIJIE, SUN PENG, ZHOU YALIN, ZHAO XIN, CHEN FENG. Preventive effects of Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. on the formation of lung metastases in BALB/c mice injected with 26-M3.1 colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1879-1885. [PMID: 25202430 PMCID: PMC4156193 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. (D. candidum) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in Asia. The present study has showed that D. candidum exerted an anti-metastatic effect in mice injected with 26-M3.1 colon carcinoma cells. D. candidum showed the most marked tumor inhibitory rate of 64.5% at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w). The mRNA and protein expression of Bax in lung tissue of D. candidum-treated mice was shown to be higher as compared with control mice, whereas the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 showed the opposite trend. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of MMP and increased expression of TIMPs was demonstrated in lung tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. D. candidum reduced the serum cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ to a greater extent as compared with the control mice, and administration of 400 mg/kg b.w. resulted in a lower serum cytokine levels as compared with mice treated with 200 mg/kg b.w. Eleven compounds were in the D. candidum leaf, of which the functional contents may help to generate novel treatments for the prevention of lung metastases. The results of the present study have demonstrated that D. candidum had a potent in vivo antitumor and anti-metastatic effect in BALB/c mice injected with 26-M3.1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUIJIE LI
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - PENG SUN
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - YALIN ZHOU
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - XIN ZHAO
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - FENG CHEN
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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