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Robinson MH, Maximov V, Lallani S, Farooq H, Taylor MD, Read RD, Kenney AM. Upregulation of the chromatin remodeler HELLS is mediated by YAP1 in Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13611. [PMID: 31541170 PMCID: PMC6754407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a malignant pediatric tumor that arises from neural progenitors in the cerebellum. Despite a five-year survival rate of ~70%, nearly all patients incur adverse side effects from current treatment strategies that drastically impact quality of life. Roughly one-third of medulloblastoma are driven by aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. However, the scarcity of genetic mutations in medulloblastoma has led to investigation of other mechanisms contributing to cancer pathogenicity including epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we show that Helicase, Lymphoid Specific (HELLS), a chromatin remodeler with epigenetic functions including DNA methylation and histone modification, is induced by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in SHH-dependent cerebellar progenitor cells and the developing murine cerebella. HELLS is also up-regulated in mouse and human SHH medulloblastoma. Others have shown that HELLS activity generally results in a repressive chromatin state. Our results demonstrate that increased expression of HELLS in our experimental systems is regulated by the oncogenic transcriptional regulator YAP1 downstream of Smoothened, the positive transducer of SHH signaling. Elucidation of HELLS as one of the downstream effectors of the SHH pathway may lead to novel targets for precision therapeutics with the promise of better outcomes for SHH medulloblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hope Robinson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor Maximov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shoeb Lallani
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hamza Farooq
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renee D Read
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anna Marie Kenney
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Grausam KB, Dooyema SDR, Bihannic L, Premathilake H, Morrissy AS, Forget A, Schaefer AM, Gundelach JH, Macura S, Maher DM, Wang X, Heglin AH, Ge X, Zeng E, Puget S, Chandrasekar I, Surendran K, Bram RJ, Schüller U, Talyor MD, Ayrault O, Zhao H. ATOH1 Promotes Leptomeningeal Dissemination and Metastasis of Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup Medulloblastomas. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3766-3777. [PMID: 28490517 PMCID: PMC5512702 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma arising from the cerebellum is the most common pediatric brain malignancy, with leptomeningeal metastases often present at diagnosis and recurrence associated with poor clinical outcome. In this study, we used mouse medulloblastoma models to explore the relationship of tumor pathophysiology and dysregulated expression of the NOTCH pathway transcription factor ATOH1, which is present in aggressive medulloblastoma subtypes driven by aberrant Sonic Hedgehog/Patched (SHH/PTCH) signaling. In experiments with conditional ATOH1 mouse mutants crossed to Ptch1+/- mice, which develop SHH-driven medulloblastoma, animals with Atoh1 transgene expression developed highly penetrant medulloblastoma at a young age with extensive leptomeningeal disease and metastasis to the spinal cord and brain, resembling xenografts of human SHH medulloblastoma. Metastatic tumors retained abnormal SHH signaling like tumor xenografts. Conversely, ATOH1 expression was detected consistently in recurrent and metastatic SHH medulloblastoma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and gene expression profiling identified candidate ATOH1 targets in tumor cells involved in development and tumorigenesis. Among these targets specific to metastatic tumors, there was an enrichment in those implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling activity, cytoskeletal network and interaction with microenvironment, indicating a shift in transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes during metastasis. Treatment with bone morphogenetic protein or SHH pathway inhibitors decreased tumor cell proliferation and suppressed metastatic tumor growth, respectively. Our work reveals a dynamic ATOH1-driven molecular cascade underlying medulloblastoma metastasis that offers possible therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3766-77. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie B Grausam
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Samuel D R Dooyema
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Laure Bihannic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | | | - A Sorana Morrissy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Forget
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - Amanda M Schaefer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Justin H Gundelach
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Slobodan Macura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Minnesota
| | - Diane M Maher
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Xin Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex H Heglin
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Xijin Ge
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Computer Science, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Stephanie Puget
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Indra Chandrasekar
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Kameswaran Surendran
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Richard J Bram
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Talyor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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Mansouri S, Nejad R, Karabork M, Ekinci C, Solaroglu I, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. Sox2: regulation of expression and contribution to brain tumors. CNS Oncol 2016; 5:159-73. [PMID: 27230973 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the CNS are composed of a complex mixture of neoplastic cells, in addition to vascular, inflammatory and stromal components. Similar to most other tumors, brain tumors contain a heterogeneous population of cells that are found at different stages of differentiation. The cancer stem cell hypothesis suggests that all tumors are composed of subpopulation of cells with stem-like properties, which are capable of self-renewal, display resistance to therapy and lead to tumor recurrence. One of the most important transcription factors that regulate cancer stem cell properties is SOX2. In this review, we focus on SOX2 and the complex network of signaling molecules and transcription factors that regulate its expression and function in brain tumor initiating cells. We also highlight important findings in the literature about the role of SOX2 in glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, where it has been more extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Mansouri
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Romina Nejad
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Merve Karabork
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ekinci
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
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