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Bari GAKMR, Jeong JH. Potential of Carbon Aerogels in Energy: Design, Characteristics, and Applications. Gels 2024; 10:389. [PMID: 38920935 PMCID: PMC11202916 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In energy applications, the use of materials with hierarchical porous structures and large surface areas is essential for efficient charge storage. These structures facilitate rapid electron and ion transport, resulting in high power density and quick charge/discharge capabilities. Carbon-based materials are extensively utilized due to their tunable properties, including pore sizes ranging from ultra- to macropores and surface polarity. Incorporating heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron modifies the carbon structure, enhancing electrocatalytic properties and overall performance. A hierarchical pore structure is necessary for optimal performance, as it ensures efficient access to the material's core. The microstructure of carbon materials significantly impacts energy storage, with factors like polyaromatic condensation, crystallite structure, and interlayer distance playing crucial roles. Carbon aerogels, derived from the carbonization of organic gels, feature a sponge-like structure with large surface area and high porosity, making them suitable for energy storage. Their open pore structure supports fast ion transfer, leading to high energy and power densities. Challenges include maintaining mechanical or structural integrity, multifunctional features, and scalability. This review provides an overview of the current progress in carbon-based aerogels for energy applications, discussing their properties, development strategies, and limitations, and offering significant guidance for future research requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Bari GAKMR, Jeong JH. Comprehensive Insights and Advancements in Gel Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Gels 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38247786 PMCID: PMC10815738 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous worldwide demands for more clean energy urge researchers and engineers to seek various energy applications, including electrocatalytic processes. Traditional energy-active materials, when combined with conducting materials and non-active polymeric materials, inadvertently leading to reduced interaction between their active and conducting components. This results in a drop in active catalytic sites, sluggish kinetics, and compromised mass and electronic transport properties. Furthermore, interaction between these materials could increase degradation products, impeding the efficiency of the catalytic process. Gels appears to be promising candidates to solve these challenges due to their larger specific surface area, three-dimensional hierarchical accommodative porous frameworks for active particles, self-catalytic properties, tunable electronic and electrochemical properties, as well as their inherent stability and cost-effectiveness. This review delves into the strategic design of catalytic gel materials, focusing on their potential in advanced energy conversion and storage technologies. Specific attention is given to catalytic gel material design strategies, exploring fundamental catalytic approaches for energy conversion processes such as the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and more. This comprehensive review not only addresses current developments but also outlines future research strategies and challenges in the field. Moreover, it provides guidance on overcoming these challenges, ensuring a holistic understanding of catalytic gel materials and their role in advancing energy conversion and storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Design and Architecture of P-O Co-Doped Porous g-C3N4 by Supramolecular Self-Assembly for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel phosphorus and oxygen co-doped graphitic carbon nitride (sheetP-O-CNSSA) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized and applied for H2 evolution under visible light. In the synthesis process of sheetP-O-CNSSA, the supramolecular complex was developed by the self-assembly and copolymerization reaction among melamine, cyanuric acid (CA) and trithiocyanuric acid (TCA) to act as g-C3N4 precursors, while (NH4)2HPO4 was applied as P and O precursors for element doping. The chemical structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the sheetP-O-CNSSA were characterized by a series of measurements, i.e., XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, UV-vis DRS, and PL. The results suggested that the introduction of P and O elements could enhance the separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes in the energy band of g-C3N4. The photocatalytic tests over Erythrosin B (EB) sensitized sheetP-O-CNSSA indicated that the hydrogen evolution was greatly enhanced compared with other catalysts and non-sensitized sheetP-O-CNSSA under visible light irradiation. Finally, a possible dye-sensitized photocatalysis mechanism was also proposed on the basis of the as-obtained results.
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Essalhi M, Mohan M, Marineau-Plante G, Schlachter A, Maris T, Harvey PD, Duong A. S-Heptazine N-ligand based luminescent coordination materials: synthesis, structural and luminescent studies of lanthanide-cyamelurate networks. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15005-15016. [PMID: 36112083 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various series of lanthanide metal-organic networks denoted Ln-Cy (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions using potassium cyamelurate (K3Cy) and lanthanide nitrate salts. All obtained materials were fully characterized, and their crystal structures were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Four types of coordination modes were elucidated for the Ln-Cy series with different Ln3+ coordination geometries. Structural studies were performed to compare the various coordination compounds of the Ln-Cy series. Moreover, the cyamelurate linkers of rich π-conjugated and uncoordinated Lewis basic sites were used as an absorbing chromophore to enhance the luminescence quantum efficiency, the band emission and the luminescence lifetime of the coordinated Ln metal centers. Solid-state UV-visible measurements combined with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to further explore luminescent features of the Ln-Cy series and their origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Essalhi
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et physique, Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydrogène, Laboratory of Functional Materials for Energy and Nanotechnology (DuongLab) and Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Midhun Mohan
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et physique, Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydrogène, Laboratory of Functional Materials for Energy and Nanotechnology (DuongLab) and Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | | | - Adrien Schlachter
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Adam Duong
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et physique, Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydrogène, Laboratory of Functional Materials for Energy and Nanotechnology (DuongLab) and Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Nikookar M, Rezaeifard A, Maasoumeh Jafarpour, Grzhegorzhevskii KV, Ostroushko AA. A top-down design for easy gram scale synthesis of melem nano rectangular prisms with improved surface area. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38862-38867. [PMID: 35493241 PMCID: PMC9044278 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07440g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented top-down design for the preparation of melem by 1 h stirring of melamine-based g-C3N4 in 80 °C concentrated sulfuric acid (95-98%) was discovered. The melem product was formed selectively as a monomer on the gram scale without the need for controlled conditions, inert atmosphere, and a special purification technique. The as-prepared air-stable melem showed a distinctive nano rectangular prism morphology that possesses a larger surface area than the melems achieved by traditional bottom-up designs making it a promising candidate for catalysis and adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nikookar
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand Birjand 97175-414 Iran
| | - Abdolreza Rezaeifard
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand Birjand 97175-414 Iran
| | - Maasoumeh Jafarpour
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand Birjand 97175-414 Iran
| | - Kirill V Grzhegorzhevskii
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University named after the B. N. Yeltsin Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | - Alexander A Ostroushko
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University named after the B. N. Yeltsin Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
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