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Song G, Li C, Fauconnier ML, Zhang D, Gu M, Chen L, Lin Y, Wang S, Zheng X. Research progress of chilled meat freshness detection based on nanozyme sensing systems. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101364. [PMID: 38623515 PMCID: PMC11016872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to develop rapid, accurate, and portable technologies for detecting the freshness of chilled meat to meet the current demands of meat industry. This report introduces freshness indicators for monitoring the freshness changes of chilled meat, and systematically analyzes the current status of existing detection technologies which focus on the feasibility of using nanozyme for meat freshness sensing detection. Furthermore, it examines the limitations and foresees the future development trends of utilizing current nanozyme sensing systems in evaluating chilled meat freshness. Harmful chemicals are produced by food spoilage degradation, including biogenic amines, volatile amines, hydrogen sulfide, and xanthine, which have become new freshness indicators to evaluate the freshness of chilled meat. The recognition mechanisms are clarified based on the special chemical reaction with nanozyme or directly inducting the enzyme-like catalytic activity of nanozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Song
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minghui Gu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxin Lin
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Songlei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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Seku K, Pejjai B, Osman AI, Hussaini SS, Al-Abri M, Swathi R, Hussain M, Kumar NS, Al-Fatesh AS, Bhagavanth Reddy G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of Limonia acidissima Groff gum stabilized palladium nanoparticles for colorimetric glucose sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:718-727. [PMID: 38211489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) supported by Limonia acidissima Groff tree extract gum. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-visible, and powder XRD analyses. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized LAG-PdNPs are highly crystalline nature spherical shapes with an average size diameter of 7-9 nm. We employed these gum-capped PdNPs to investigate their peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose. The oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2, catalyzed by PdNPs, produces oxidation products quantified at 652 nm using spectrophotometry. The catalytic activity of PdNPs was optimized with respect to temperature and pH. The developed method exhibited a linear range of detection from 1 to 50 µm, with detection limits of 0.35 µm for H2O2 and 0.60 µm for glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondaiah Seku
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Oman
| | - Babu Pejjai
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Karakambadi Road, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Syed Sulaiman Hussaini
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - R Swathi
- Department of Chemistry, KDR Govt Polytechnique College, Wanaparthi, Telangana 509103, India
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Oman
| | - Nadavala Siva Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Al-Fatesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Bhagavanth Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, PG Centre Wanaparthy, Palamuru University, Telangana State 509103, India.
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Sun C, Zhang X, Huang H, Liu Y, Mo X, Feng Y, Wang J, Zhou W, Chu PK, Yu XF, Liu W. Selective oxidation of p-phenylenediamine for blood glucose detection enabled by Se-vacancy-rich TiSe 2-x@Au nanozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115665. [PMID: 37716159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes with enzyme-like characteristics have drawn wide interest but the catalytic activity and substrate selectivity of nanozymes still need improvement. Herein, Se-vacancy-rich TiSe2-x@Au nanocomposites are designed and demonstrated as nanozymes. The TiSe2-x@Au nanocomposites show excellent peroxidase-like activity and the chromogenic substrate p-phenylenediamine (PPD) can be selectively oxidized to compounds that exhibit an absorption peak at 413 nm that differs from that of self-oxidation or generally oxidized species, suggesting high catalytic activity and strong substrate selectivity. Theoretical calculations reveal that the PPD adsorption geometry at Se vacancies with an adsorption energy of -3.00 eV shows a unique spatial configuration and charge distribution, thereby inhibiting the free reaction and promoting both the activity and selectivity in PPD oxidation. The TiSe2-x@Au colorimetric system exhibits a wide linear range of 0.015 mM-0.6 mM and a low detection limit of 0.0037 mM in the detection of glucose. The blood glucose detection performance for human serum samples is comparable to that of a commercial glucose meter in the hospital (relative standard deviation < 6%). Our findings demonstrate a new strategy for rapid and accurate detection of blood glucose and our results provide insights into the future design of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Sun
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524045, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Biosensing, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Biosensing, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Biosensing, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Liu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Mo
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Biosensing, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Biosensing, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China; Biomedical Imaging Science and System Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Biosensing, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China; Biomedical Imaging Science and System Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524045, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, You Z, Zhai S, Zhao J, Lu K. Mitochondria-Targeted Nanosystem Enhances Radio-Radiodynamic-Chemodynamic Therapy on Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21941-21952. [PMID: 37099714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiodynamic therapy (RDT), which produces 1O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to X-rays, can be used in conjunction with radiation therapy (RT) to drastically lower X-ray dosage and reduce radio resistance associated with conventional radiation treatment. However, radiation-radiodynamic therapy (RT-RDT) is still impotent in a hypoxic environment in solid tumors due to its oxygen-dependent nature. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can generate reactive oxygen species and O2 by decomposing H2O2 in hypoxic cells and thus potentiate RT-RDT to achieve synergy. Herein, we developed a multifunctional nanosystem, AuCu-Ce6-TPP (ACCT), for RT-RDT-CDT. Ce6 photosensitizers were conjugated to AuCu nanoparticles via Au-S bonds to realize radiodynamic sensitization. Cu can be oxidized by H2O2 and catalyze the degradation of H2O2 to generate •OH through the Fenton-like reaction to realize CDT. Meanwhile, the degradation byproduct oxygen can alleviate hypoxia while Au can consume glutathione to increase the oxidative stress. We then attached mercaptoethyl-triphenylphosphonium (TPP-SH) to the nanosystem, targeting ACCT to mitochondria (colocalization Pearson coefficient 0.98) to directly disrupt mitochondrial membranes and more efficiently induce apoptosis. We confirmed that ACCT efficiently generates 1O2 and •OH upon X-ray irradiation, resulting in strong anticancer efficacy in both normoxic and hypoxic 4T1 cells. The down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression and reduction of intracellular H2O2 concentrations suggested that ACCT could significantly alleviate hypoxia in 4T1 cells. ACCT-enhanced RT-RDT-CDT can successfully shrink or remove tumors in radioresistant 4T1 tumor-bearing mice upon 4 Gy of X-ray irradiation. Our work thus presents a new strategy to treat radioresistant hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Zhu You
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Zhai
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Junxuan Zhao
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Kuangda Lu
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Chen J, Liu X, Zheng G, Feng W, Wang P, Gao J, Liu J, Wang M, Wang Q. Detection of Glucose Based on Noble Metal Nanozymes: Mechanism, Activity Regulation, and Enantioselective Recognition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205924. [PMID: 36509680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucose monitoring is essential to evaluate the degree of glucose metabolism disorders. The enzymatic determination has been the most widely used method in glucose detection because of its high efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity. Noble metal nanomaterials (NMs, i.e., Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd), inheriting their excellent electronic, optical, and enzyme-like properties, are classified as noble metal nanozymes (NMNZs). As the NMNZs are often involved in two series of reactions, the oxidation of glucose and the chromogenic reaction of peroxide, here the chemical mechanism by employing NMNZs with glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase (POD) mimicking activities is briefly summarized first. Subsequently, the regulation strategies of the GOx-like, POD-like and tandem enzyme-like activities of NMNZs are presented in detail, including the materials, size, morphology, composition, and the reaction condition of the representative NMs. In addition, in order to further mimic the enantioselectivity of enzyme, the design of NMNZs with enantioselective recognition of d-glucose and l-glucose by using different chiral compounds (DNA, amino acids, and cyclodextrins) and molecular imprinting is further described in this review. Finally, the feasible solutions to the existing challenges and a vision for future development possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
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Wang L, Ge S, Gao C, Yan H, Wang J, Jia J, Wu Q. One-pot synthesis of gold-copper nanoparticles mediated by silk fibroin peptides: Peroxidase-like properties and its application in antioxidant detection. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Ultrathin FeS nanosheets with high chemodynamic activity for sensitive colorimetric detection of H2O2 and glutathione. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Doan VD, Nguyen VC, Nguyen TLH, Nguyen AT, Nguyen TD. Highly sensitive and low-cost colourimetric detection of glucose and ascorbic acid based on silver nanozyme biosynthesized by Gleditsia australis fruit. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120709. [PMID: 34894570 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, eco-friendly and low-cost approach was used to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous extract of Gleditsia australis (GA) fruit. The nanoparticles synthesized in the optimal condition have an average size of 14 nm. The peroxidase-like activity of GA-AgNP in the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. Further, optimal conditions for the use of peroxidase-like catalytic activity in sensing applications were identified. The colourimetric detection of H2O2 showed a linear range of 1-8 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 mM. The oxidation of TMB (red-TMB) enables the detection of glucose, which is converted into H2O2 and gluconic acid in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The observations showed linearity from 0.05 to 1.5 mM with a LOD of 0.038 mM. Moreover, the blue colour of oxidized TMB (ox-TMB) was reduced according to ascorbic acid (AA) concentration, with a linear range of 0.03-0.14 mM and a LOD of 3.0 μM. The practical use of the sensing system for the detection of AA was studied using real fruit juice and showed good sensitivity. Hence, the easy-to-use peroxidase-like sensor provides a new platform for the detection of bioactive compounds in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dat Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Cuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial university of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh-Tien Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Danh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A, TL29, Thanh Loc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Zhang J, Huang Z, Xie Y, Jiang X. Modulating the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles using amine-terminated ligands. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1080-1087. [PMID: 35211273 PMCID: PMC8790798 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes have broad applications in theranostics and point-of-care tests. To enhance the catalytic activity of nanozymes, the conventional strategy is doping metals to form highly active nanoalloys. However, high-quality and stable nanoalloys are hard to synthesize. Ligand modification is a powerful strategy to achieve chemoselectivity or bioactivity by changing the surface chemistry. Here, we explore different ligands to enhance the catalytic activity of nanozymes, e.g., gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We systematically studied the impacts on the enzymatic activity of AuNPs by ligand engineering of surface chemistry (charge, group, and surface distance). Our work established critical guidelines for surface modification of nanozymes. The amine group favors higher activity of AuNPs than other groups. The flexible amine-rich ligand enhances the catalytic activity of AuNPs in contrast to other ligands and unmodified AuNPs. Using a proof-of-concept model, we screened many candidate ligands to obtain polyamine-AuNPs, which have strongly enhanced peroxidase-like activity and 100 times enhanced sensitivity compared to unmodified AuNPs. The strategy of enhancing the catalytic activity of AuNPs using ligands will facilitate the catalysis-related applications of nanozymes in biology and diagnostics. Surface ligand engineering can precisely modulate the catalytic activity of nanozymes from inactive to highly active.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yangzhouyun Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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Abstract
Biocatalysis refers to the utilization of enzymes, either in purified form, or existed as part of crude cell lysate or intact cells, to catalyze single- or multi-step chemical reactions, converting synthetic molecules or natural metabolites into high-value products [...]
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