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Festa G, Serrano-Lotina A, Meloni E, Portela R, Ruocco C, Martino M, Palma V. Support Screening to Shape Propane Dehydrogenation SnPt-Based Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:16269-16284. [PMID: 39355008 PMCID: PMC11440506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Propane dehydrogenation reaction (PDH) is an extremely attractive way to produce propylene; however, the catalysts often lead to byproduct formation and suffer from deactivation. This research focuses on the development of efficient Pt/Sn-based shaped catalysts by utilizing Mg-modified mesoporous silica, sepiolite (natural SiMgO x mesoporous clay), and sepiolite/bentonite/alumina as supports with the aim of achieving superior stability and selectivity for industrial propylene production by PDH. The catalysts were prepared by sequential impregnation of the supports with the corresponding solutions of tin chloride and platinum chloride, by obtaining a nominal loading of 0.7 wt % of Sn and 0.5 wt % of Pt. A range of analytical techniques were used to characterize the catalysts, including X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption isotherms, Hg intrusion porosimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The basicity of the catalysts was assessed using carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). The results confirm that the support material plays a critical role in catalyst performance; in particular, the presence of weak basic sites, due to magnesium addition, improved selectivity to propylene and reduced coke formation. Catalytic pellets of Sn-Pt supported on macroporous sepiolite or sepiolite and bentonite-modified mesoporous alumina performed comparably with propane conversion very close to thermodynamic equilibrium and selectivity to propylene above 95%. The latter support led to improved stability and was regenerated at milder temperatures, making it suitable for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Festa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ana Serrano-Lotina
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenio Meloni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raquel Portela
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concetta Ruocco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Martino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Li J, Zhang Q, He G, Zhang T, Li L, Li J, Hao D, Zhang W, Terasaki O, Mei D, Yu J. Silanol-Stabilized Atomically Dispersed Pt δ+-O x-Sn Active Sites in Protozeolite for Propane Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24358-24367. [PMID: 39167721 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Crystalline zeolites have been proven to be excellent supports for confining subnanometric metal catalysts to boost the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reaction. However, the introduced metallic species may suffer from severe sintering and limited stability during the catalytic process, especially when utilizing an industrial impregnation method for metal incorporation. In this study, we developed a new type of support based on amorphous protozeolite (PZ), taking advantage of its adjustable silanol chemistry and zeolitic microporous characteristic for stabilizing atomically dispersed PtSn catalyst via a simple, cost-effective coimpregnation process. The combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy under CO atmosphere, and density functional theory calculations confirmed the formation of highly dispersed active Ptδ+-Ox-Sn species in PtSn/PZ. The PtSn/PZ catalyst exhibited a high propane conversion of 45.4% and a high propylene selectivity of 99% (WHSV= 3.6 h-1, 550 °C), with a high apparent rate coefficient of 565 molC3H6·gPt-1·h-1·bar-1 at a high WHSV of 108 h-1, presenting a top-level performance among the state-of-the-art Pt-based catalysts prepared by in situ synthesis and impregnation methods. The silanol density determined the chemical state of PtSn species, showing a change from atomically dispersed Ptδ+-Ox-Sn sites to PtSn alloy with decreasing silanol density of supports. This work provides a general strategy using silanol-rich amorphous protozeolite as support for stabilizing various metal catalysts by the simple impregnation method and also offers an effective way for fine tailoring the chemical state of metallic species via a silanol-engineered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guangyuan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Tianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Centre for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CℏEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Osamu Terasaki
- Centre for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CℏEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Donghai Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Festa G, Contaldo P, Martino M, Meloni E, Palma V. Modeling the Selectivity of Hydrotalcite-Based Catalyst in the Propane Dehydrogenation Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:16622-16637. [PMID: 37869418 PMCID: PMC10588453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The propylene production processes currently used in the petrochemical industry (fluid catalytic cracking and steam cracking of naphtha and light diesel) are unable to meet the increase of propylene demand for industrial applications. For this reason, alternative processes for propylene production have been investigated, and among the others, the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) process, allowing the production of propylene as a main product, has been industrially implemented (e.g., Catofin and Oleflex processes). The main drawback of such processes is closely linked to the high temperature required to reach a sustainable propane conversion that affects catalyst stability due to coke formation on the catalyst surface. Accordingly, the periodic regeneration of the catalytic bed is required. In this work, the performance in the PDH reaction of different Sn-Pt catalysts, prepared starting by alumina- and hydrotalcite-based supports, is investigated in terms of propane conversion and selectivity to propylene in order to identify a more stable catalyst than the commercial ones. The experimental tests evidenced that the best performance was obtained using the catalyst prepared on commercial pellets of hydrotalcite PURALOX MG70. This catalyst has shown, under pressure conditions of 1 and 5 bar (in order to evaluate the potential future application in integrated membrane reactors), propane conversion values close to the thermodynamic equilibrium ones in all of the investigated temperature ranges (500-600 °C) and the selectivity was always higher than 95%. So, this catalyst was also tested in a stability run, performed at 500 °C and 5 bar: the results highlighted the loss of only 12% in the propane conversion with no changes in the selectivity to propylene. Properly designed experimental tests have also been performed in order to evaluate the kinetic parameters, and the developed mathematical model has been optimized to effectively describe the system behavior and the catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Festa
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Palma Contaldo
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marco Martino
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Eugenio Meloni
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palma
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Zhang Y, Chen Q, Zhang H. Mechanism research reveals the role of Fe n ( n = 2-5) supported C 2N as single-cluster catalysts (SCCs) for the non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation in the optimization of catalytic performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24143-24154. [PMID: 37655603 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Single cluster catalysts show excellent potential for propane dehydrogenation, compensating for the limited catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts in reactions involving multiple reaction steps and intermediates. Herein, density functional theory is used to investigate the catalytic activity and mechanism for non-oxidized propane dehydrogenation on Fen-C2N (n = 2-5). Firstly, the stability of Fen-C2N (n = 2-5) is evaluated by comparing the mean values of binding energy and cohesive energy. The results show that Fen-C2N (n = 2-4) can exist stably, which is also verified by the molecular dynamics calculation at 873 K. Band structure analysis shows that the screened catalysts have metal properties, which are conducive to charge transfer. Fukui function analysis is used to predict the optimal adsorption site. The electronic properties of propane and propylene adsorbed on catalysts are further studied by the partial density of states and deformation charge density. The activation barrier (Ea) and reaction energy (ΔE) of the main reaction steps are evaluated. The results show that Fe2-C2N (Ea = 0.97 eV, ΔE= 0.22 eV) has the best catalytic activity. The Ea for further propylene dehydrogenation is also used to evaluate the yield of propylene. Compared with Fe-C2N, Fe2-C2N can regulate the adsorption strength of propane and propylene, showing better catalytic ability and higher selectivity for propylene. The above research provides ideas for the design of new catalysts with high selectivity and activity for non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Qin Chen
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
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Brencio C, Di Felice L, Gallucci F. Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor for the Direct Dehydrogenation of Propane: Proof of Concept. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1211. [PMID: 36557118 PMCID: PMC9785522 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the fluidized bed membrane reactor (FBMR) technology for the direct dehydrogenation of propane (PDH) was demonstrated at a laboratory scale. Double-skinned PdAg membranes were used to selectively remove H2 during dehydrogenation tests over PtSnK/Al2O3 catalyst under fluidization. The performance of the fluidized bed membrane reactor was experimentally investigated and compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor (FBR) by varying the superficial gas velocity over the minimum fluidization velocity under fixed operating conditions (i.e., 500 °C, 2 bar and feed composition of 30vol% C3H8-70vol% N2). The results obtained in this work confirmed the potential for improving the PDH performance using the FBMR system. An increase in the initial propane conversion of c.a. 20% was observed, going from 19.5% in the FBR to almost 25% in the FBMR. The hydrogen recovery factor displayed a decrease from 70% to values below 50%, due to the membrane coking under alkene exposure. Despites this, the hydrogen extraction from the reaction environment shifted the thermodynamic equilibrium of the dehydrogenation reaction and achieved an average increase of 43% in propylene yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Brencio
- Inorganic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Di Felice
- Inorganic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fausto Gallucci
- Inorganic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven Institute for Renewable Energy Systems (EIRES), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Feng F, Zhang H, Chu S, Zhang Q, Wang C, Wang G, Wang F, Bing L, Han D. Recent progress on the traditional and emerging catalysts for propane dehydrogenation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Propane dehydrogenation to propylene over Co@N-doped carbon: Structure-activity-selectivity relationships. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nakaya Y, Furukawa S. Catalysis of Alloys: Classification, Principles, and Design for a Variety of Materials and Reactions. Chem Rev 2022; 123:5859-5947. [PMID: 36170063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alloying has long been used as a promising methodology to improve the catalytic performance of metallic materials. In recent years, the field of alloy catalysis has made remarkable progress with the emergence of a variety of novel alloy materials and their functions. Therefore, a comprehensive disciplinary framework for catalytic chemistry of alloys that provides a cross-sectional understanding of the broad research field is in high demand. In this review, we provide a comprehensive classification of various alloy materials based on metallurgy, thermodynamics, and inorganic chemistry and summarize the roles of alloying in catalysis and its principles with a brief introduction of the historical background of this research field. Furthermore, we explain how each type of alloy can be used as a catalyst material and how to design a functional catalyst for the target reaction by introducing representative case studies. This review includes two approaches, namely, from materials and reactions, to provide a better understanding of the catalytic chemistry of alloys. Our review offers a perspective on this research field and can be used encyclopedically according to the readers' individual interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Gerhard Ertl on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to Professor Gerhard Ertl on his eighty-fifth birthday [...]
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Qu Z, Sun Q. Advances in Zeolite-Supported Metal Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00653g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Propylene is one of the building blocks of the modern industrial mansion, which is the feeding stock for polypropylene, acrylonitrile, and other important chemicals. Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is one of...
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