1
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Steinbruch E, Singh S, Mosseri M, Epstein M, Kribus A, Gozin M, Drabik D, Golberg A. Waste animal fat with hydrothermal liquefaction as a potential route to marine biofuels. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16504. [PMID: 38130924 PMCID: PMC10734409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unused animal waste rendered fat is a potential feedstock for marine biofuels. In this work, bio-oil was generated using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of nitrogen-free and low sulfur rendered bovine fat. Maximum bio-oil yield of 28 ± 1.5% and high heating value of 38.5 ± 0.16 MJ·kg‒1 was obtained at 330 °C at 50% animal fat solid load and 20 min retention time. The nitrogen and sulfur content were negligible, making the produced bio-oil useful marine biofuel, taking into account current stringent regulations on NOx and SOx emissions. The economic analysis of the process, where part of the bovine fat waste is converted to the bio-oil and the semi-solid residues can be used to supply the heat demand of the HTL process and alternately generate electricity, showed that our process is likely to generate a positive profit margin on a large scale. We also showed the growing economic importance of electricity in the revenues as commercial production becomes more energy efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Steinbruch
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Siddaq Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Mosseri
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Epstein
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Advanced Combustion Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dušan Drabik
- Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Monteiro RRC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Rocha-Martin J, Vieira RS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108215. [PMID: 37473819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worries by the inadequate use of energy and the preservation of nature are promoting an increasing interest in the production of biolubricants. After discussing the necessity of producing biolubricants, this review focuses on the production of these interesting molecules through the use of lipases, discussing the different possibilities (esterification of free fatty acids, hydroesterification or transesterification of oils and fats, transesterification of biodiesel with more adequate alcohols, estolides production, modification of fatty acids). The utilization of discarded substrates has special interest due to the double positive ecological impact (e.g., oil distillated, overused oils). Pros and cons of all these possibilities, together with general considerations to optimize the different processes will be outlined. Some possibilities to overcome some of the problems detected in the production of these interesting compounds will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo S Vieira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
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3
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Jahanshahi A, Lopes M, Brandão M, De Castro EA. Development of bioenergy technologies: A scientometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20000. [PMID: 37810100 PMCID: PMC10559684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioenergy has the potential to substitute the current demand for fossil fuels in various applications. Recovering energy from bio-based materials due to environmental considerations has been adopted as a policy objective by governments and international organizations, which led to both vast financial investment and scientific research, especially in the last two decades. So far, various feedstocks and technologies have been scrutinised by the research community, although not all of them are commercially adopted due to sustainability considerations. This study employs scientometric analysis to survey the progress of scientific development in the field of bioenergy from 1966 to 2022, using ten parameters including publication year, type of document, categories, countries, affiliations, document citations, co-authorship, author citation networks, journal citation networks, and keywords. A total of 51,905 scientific documents were collected from the Web of Science, involving more than 96,000 authors from 162 countries. The dispersion of studies followed an ascending distribution with a sharp increase in the second half of the 2000s. The evolution of keywords in terms of burst strength confirmed the advancements of technologies from primary first-generation to advanced fourth-generation bioenergies. Based on the evolution of science in this area, it is concluded that integrated sustainability assessment studies, covering technical, economical, environmental, and social aspects, are needed to bridge the gap between abundant theoretical endeavours and limited commercial use of this energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Jahanshahi
- Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Myriam Lopes
- Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Eduardo Anselmo De Castro
- Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences (DCSPT), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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4
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Vidal E, Alexis F, Camiña JM, Garcia CD, Whitehead DC. Removal of metals and inorganics from rendered fat using polyamine-modified cellulose nanocrystals. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 1:1184-1191. [PMID: 38013677 PMCID: PMC10399612 DOI: 10.1039/d3su00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Meatpacking and poultry operations produce an enormous amount of co-products including offal, fat, blood, feathers etc. that are collected and processed by the rendering industry into value-added materials such as various protein meals and rendered fat products. Rendered fats (mainly composed of triglycerides from the adipose tissue of animals or used cooking oil from the restaurant industry) are sold for a variety of applications including animal feed formulations. Nonetheless, in the current context of energy scarcity, their use as feedstocks for the generation of renewable fuels including biodiesel and renewable diesel represents a growing market. The diverse composition of the source material can impose significant challenges in terms of compliance, requiring the control (and reduction) of the concentration of elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and other undesirable metals that can otherwise interfere with critical aspects of the refining process or contaminate the renewable fuel products. To address this critical need, we describe the application of poly(ethylenimine)-modified cellulose nanocrystals as a low-cost material for the removal of unwanted metal/inorganic cations from rendered fat. A total of 28 real samples including poultry, white pork grease, and beef tallow were analyzed. Test results showed that the approach can effectively decrease the concentration of the target elements by 95 ± 2%, suggesting that this treatment protocol could dramatically improve the application of rendered fat products for renewable fuel refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University 211 S. Palmetto Blvd, Hunter Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA +1 864 656 3128
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech San Miguel de Urcuquí Ecuador
| | - José M Camiña
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa La Pampa Argentina
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University 211 S. Palmetto Blvd, Hunter Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA +1 864 656 3128
| | - Daniel C Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University 211 S. Palmetto Blvd, Hunter Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA +1 864 656 3128
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Hájek M, Hájek T, Kocián D, Frolich K, Peller A. Epoxidation of Methyl Esters as Valuable Biomolecules: Monitoring of Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062819. [PMID: 36985791 PMCID: PMC10053758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper is focused on the epoxidation of methyl esters prepared from oil crops with various profiles of higher fatty acids, especially unsaturated, which are mainly contained in the non-edible linseed and Camelina sativa oil (second generation). The novelty consists in the separation and identification of all products with oxirane ring formed through a reaction and in the determination of time course. Through the epoxidation, many intermediates and final products were formed, i.e., epoxides with different number and/or different position of oxirane rings in carbon chain. For the determination, three main methods (infrared spectroscopy, high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry) were applied. Only gas chromatography enables the separation of individual epoxides, which were identified on the base of the mass spectra, molecule ion and time course of products. The determination of intermediates enables: (i) control of the epoxidation process, (ii) determination of the mixture of epoxides in detail and so the calculation of selectivity of each product. Therefore, the epoxidation will be more environmentally friendly especially for advanced applications of non-edible oil crops containing high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hájek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - David Kocián
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Frolich
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - András Peller
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Su H, Zhao Q, Jiang C, Wang Y, Niu Y, Li X, Lou W, Qi Y, Wang X. Preparation of highly dispersed SnO/TiO 2 catalysts and their performances in catalyzing polyol ester. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8934-8941. [PMID: 36936835 PMCID: PMC10021077 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of stannous oxide supported on rutile titanium dioxide (SnO/TiO2) were prepared by a conventional incipient wetness impregnation method, and their performance as catalysts for fatty acid esterification reactions was investigated. The effects of Sn precursors (SnCl2·2H2O or SnC2O4), loading amounts (5-15%), and treating ambiences (air and N2) were explored. The optimized 10% SnO/TiO2-Cl with SnCl2·2H2O as the Sn precursor and thermal treatment in N2 showed the best esterification performance. Specifically, 10% SnO/TiO2-Cl catalyzed the esterification process of trimethylolpropane and n-octanoic acid with a conversion of 99.6% over 5 h at 160 °C, and 10% SnO/TiO2-Cl was efficient for six catalytic cycles. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), infrared spectra of pyridine adsorption (Py-IR), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), the improved catalytic performance is supposed to be attributable to the high dispersion of the Sn species on 10% SnO/TiO2-Cl as the moderate Lewis acid sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaigang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Lubrication Technology for Advanced Equipment, Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao 266100 Shandong China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yongfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xuelian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenjing Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Lubrication Technology for Advanced Equipment, Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao 266100 Shandong China
| | - Yanxing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Lubrication Technology for Advanced Equipment, Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao 266100 Shandong China
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7
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Laajimi H, Zorainy MY, Schieppati D, Boffito DC. Sonocatalytic Biodiesel Transesterification to Produce a Lubricant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hela Laajimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville, Montréal, QuebecH3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Yosry Zorainy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville, Montréal, QuebecH3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Dalma Schieppati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville, Montréal, QuebecH3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Daria C. Boffito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville, Montréal, QuebecH3C 3A7, Canada
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Moser BR, Cermak SC, Doll KM, Kenar JA, Sharma BK. A review of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions: Chemistry, recent advances, and applications. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Moser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Steven C. Cermak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Kenneth M. Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - James A. Kenar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Functional Foods Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Biofuels and Co‐Products Research Unit Eastern Regional Research Center Wyndmoor Pennsylvania USA
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9
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Development of Doped Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Nanomaterials for Lubricant Additive Applications. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced lubricants is essential for the pursuit of energy efficiency and sustainable development. In order to improve the properties of lubricating fluids, high-performance lubricating additives are required. In recent research studies, carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been examined as lubricating additives to water or oil. Lubricating oils are well known for the presence of additives, especially friction-reducers and anti-wear additives. As part of this work, we have studied the advancement in the research and development of carbon dot (CD)-based lubricant additives by presenting a number of several applications of CD-based additives. We have also highlighted the friction-reducing properties and anti-wear properties of CDs and their lubrication mechanism along with some challenges and future perspectives of CDs as an additive. CDs are carbon nanomaterials that are synthesized from single-atom-thick sheets containing a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups; they have gained increasing attention as friction-reducing and antiwear additives. CDs have gradually been revealed to have exceptional tribological properties, particularly acting as additives to lubricating base oils. In our final section, we discuss the main challenges, future research directions, and a number of suggestions for a complete functionalized or hybrid doped CD-based material.
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Lubrication Performance of Sunflower Oil Reinforced with Halloysite Clay Nanotubes (HNT) as Lubricant Additives. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10070139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the tribological performance of nanolubricants of a vegetable oil (sunflower oil) reinforced with different concentrations of environmentally-friendly nanoparticles of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs). Tribological characterization was performed under different conditions to determine its effect on the nanolubricants’ performance and optimal HNT concentration. The tribological performances under low and high contact pressures were analyzed with a block-on-ring tribometer following the ASTM G-077-05 standard procedure. The extreme pressure (EP) properties of the nanolubricants were determined with a T-02 four-ball tribotester according to the ITeE-PIB Polish method for testing lubricants under scuffing conditions. In addition, the lubrication performance of the newly-developed vegetable oil-based nanolubricants was evaluated in an industrial-type application through a tapping torque test. The results indicated that at a low contact pressure 1.5 wt.% HNTs/sunflower oil provided the best tribological behavior by decreasing the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear volume loss by 29 and 70%, respectively. For high contact pressures, 0.05 wt.% HNTs lowered COF and wear by 55% and 56%, respectively. The load-carrying capacity increased by 141% with 0.10 wt.% HNTs compared to the sunflower oil. A high tapping torque efficiency was obtained with HNTs that can prolong tool life in the machining process. Therefore, this study suggests that HNTs/sunflower oil could be used as green lubricants for industrial applications.
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11
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Borges ME, Navarro S, de Paz Carmona H, Esparza P. Natural Volcanic Material as a Sustainable Photocatalytic Material for Pollutant Degradation under Solar Irradiation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113996. [PMID: 35683289 PMCID: PMC9182453 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a solid approach for efficient wastewater cleaning. Using natural materials as photocatalysts means a promising solution to develop green catalysts for environmental purposes. This work aimed to study the suitability of a natural volcanic material (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain) as a photocatalytic material for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater with solar energy. After analysing the properties of the natural material (BET surface 0.188 m2/g and band-gap of 3 eV), the photocatalytic activity was evaluated at laboratory and pilot plant scale for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water (50 mg L−1), at 20 °C, during a period of 4 h, under UV/Vis light and solar irradiation. Photolytic and adsorption studies were developed to distinguish the photocatalytic contribution to the wastewater decontamination process by photocatalysis. Our results enable us to determine the viability of black sand as a photocatalytic material activated by solar irradiation (photodegradation of MB up to 100% by using solar energy), developing a natural and green photocatalytic system with significantly high potential for application in a sustainable wastewater cleaning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emma Borges
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; (S.N.); (H.d.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Navarro
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; (S.N.); (H.d.P.C.)
| | - Héctor de Paz Carmona
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; (S.N.); (H.d.P.C.)
| | - Pedro Esparza
- Chemistry Department, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
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Ladakis D, Stylianou E, Ioannidou SM, Koutinas A, Pateraki C. Biorefinery development, techno-economic evaluation and environmental impact analysis for the conversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into succinic acid and value-added fractions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127172. [PMID: 35447331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was used for biorefinery development within a circular bioeconomy context towards extraction of lipids/fats and proteins with 100% and 68% recovery yields, respectively, as well as succinic acid (SA) production. A nutrient-rich hydrolysate (89.1 g/L sugars) produced using crude enzymes derived via solid state fermentation of Aspergillus awamori, was employed in Actinobacillus succinogenes fermentation leading to 31.7 gSA/L with 0.68 g/g yield and 0.67 g/L/h productivity. The SA minimum selling price ($1.13-2.39/kgSA) considering 60,000 tSA/year production varied depending on co-product market prices and OFMSW management fees. The biorefinery using 1000 kg OFMSW contributes 35% lower CO2 emissions than conventional processes for the production of 105 kg vegetable oil, 87 kg vegetable protein and 206.4 kg fossil-SA considering also the CO2 emissions due to OFMSW landfilling. The proposed OFMSW biorefinery leads to cost-competitive SA production with lower CO2 emissions for OFMSW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ladakis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Stylianou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia-Maria Ioannidou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Pateraki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
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13
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Sun Y, Tan F, Hu R, Hu C, Li Y. Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed
Hydrodecarboxylation and Deuterodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Li Sun
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Fang‐Fang Tan
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Rong‐Gui Hu
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Hong Hu
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
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14
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Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by electric and/or hydrogen engines. However, apart from the strategic and logistical difficulties associated with this change, the application of electric or hydrogen engines in heavy transport, e.g., trucks, shipping, and aircrafts, also presents technological difficulties in the short-medium term. In addition, the replacement of the current car fleet will take decades. This is why the use of biofuels is presented as the only viable alternative to diminishing CO2 emissions in the very near future. Nowadays, it is assumed that vegetable oils will be the main raw material for replacing fossil fuels in diesel engines. In this context, it has also been assumed that the reduction in the viscosity of straight vegetable oils (SVO) must be performed through a transesterification reaction with methanol in order to obtain the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that constitute biodiesel. Nevertheless, the complexity in the industrial production of this biofuel, mainly due to the costs of eliminating the glycerol produced, has caused a significant delay in the energy transition. For this reason, several advanced biofuels that avoid the glycerol production and exhibit similar properties to fossil diesel have been developed. In this way, “green diesels” have emerged as products of different processes, such as the cracking or pyrolysis of vegetable oil, as well as catalytic (hydro)cracking. In addition, some biodiesel-like biofuels, such as Gliperol (DMC-Biod) or Ecodiesel, as well as straight vegetable oils, in blends with plant-based sources with low viscosity have been described as renewable biofuels capable of performing in combustion ignition engines. After evaluating the research carried out in the last decades, it can be concluded that green diesel and biodiesel-like biofuels could constitute the main alternative to addressing the energy transition, although green diesel will be the principal option in aviation fuel.
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Abstract
Polyphenolic esters (PEs) are valuable chemical compounds that display a wide spectrum of activities (e.g., anti-oxidative effects). As a result, their production through catalytic routes is an attractive field of research. The present review aims to discuss recent studies from the literature regarding the catalytic production of PEs from biomass feedstocks, namely, naturally occurred polyphenolic compounds. Several synthetic approaches are reported in the literature, mainly bio-catalysis and to a lesser extent acid catalysis. Immobilized lipases (e.g., Novozym 435) are the preferred enzymes thanks to their high reactivity, selectivity and reusability. Acid catalysis is principally investigated for the esterification of polyphenolic acids with fatty alcohols and/or glycerol, using both homogeneous (p-toluensulfonic acid, sulfonic acid and ionic liquids) and heterogeneous (strongly acidic cation exchange resins) catalysts. Based on the reviewed publications, we propose some suggestions to improve the synthesis of PEs with the aim of increasing the greenness of the overall production process. In fact, much more attention should be paid to the use of new and efficient acid catalysts and their reuse for multiple reaction cycles.
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Phonolite Material as Catalyst Support for the Hydrotreatment of Gas Oil and Vegetable Oil Type Feedstocks. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010386. [PMID: 35009534 PMCID: PMC8746302 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phonolite material has shown to be promising catalyst support for the deoxygenation of triglycerides. In this work, we continue with our previous research by synthesising and testing three acid-treated phonolite-supported Co-Mo, Ni-Mo and Ni-W catalysts for the hydrotreating of atmospheric gas oil and co-processing with rapeseed oil at industrial operating conditions (350-370 °C, WHSV 1-2 h-1, 5.5 MPa) in the continuous regime for more than 270 h. The phonolite-supported catalysts showed hydrotreating activity comparable with commercial catalysts, together with a complete conversion of triglycerides into n-alkanes. During co-processing, the Ni-promoted catalyst showed strong stability, with similar activity previous to the rapeseed oil addition. Our results enable us to evaluate the suitability of phonolite as catalyst support for the development of plausible alternatives to conventional hydrotreating catalysts for the co-processing of middle distillates with vegetable oils.
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