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Steinbruch E, Singh S, Mosseri M, Epstein M, Kribus A, Gozin M, Drabik D, Golberg A. Waste animal fat with hydrothermal liquefaction as a potential route to marine biofuels. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16504. [PMID: 38130924 PMCID: PMC10734409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unused animal waste rendered fat is a potential feedstock for marine biofuels. In this work, bio-oil was generated using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of nitrogen-free and low sulfur rendered bovine fat. Maximum bio-oil yield of 28 ± 1.5% and high heating value of 38.5 ± 0.16 MJ·kg‒1 was obtained at 330 °C at 50% animal fat solid load and 20 min retention time. The nitrogen and sulfur content were negligible, making the produced bio-oil useful marine biofuel, taking into account current stringent regulations on NOx and SOx emissions. The economic analysis of the process, where part of the bovine fat waste is converted to the bio-oil and the semi-solid residues can be used to supply the heat demand of the HTL process and alternately generate electricity, showed that our process is likely to generate a positive profit margin on a large scale. We also showed the growing economic importance of electricity in the revenues as commercial production becomes more energy efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Steinbruch
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Siddaq Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Mosseri
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Epstein
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Advanced Combustion Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dušan Drabik
- Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lecolant S, Khelifi D, Neukirch C, Taillé C, Chabane H, Giboury Lafarge S, Sève E, Pham Thi N, Epstein M, Chollet Martin S, Nicaise Roland P. Comparaison des performances diagnostiques de deux biopuces IgE : ISAC® et ALEX2®. Revue Française d'Allergologie 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2023.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Schildkraut JM, Johnson C, Dempsey LF, Qin B, Terry P, Akonde M, Peters ES, Mandle H, Cote ML, Peres L, Moorman P, Schwartz AG, Epstein M, Marks J, Bondy M, Lawson AB, Alberg AJ, Bandera EV. Survival of epithelial ovarian cancer in Black women: a society to cell approach in the African American cancer epidemiology study (AACES). Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:251-265. [PMID: 36520244 PMCID: PMC9753020 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The causes for the survival disparity among Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are likely multi-factorial. Here we describe the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES), the largest cohort of Black women with EOC. METHODS AACES phase 2 (enrolled 2020 onward) is a multi-site, population-based study focused on overall survival (OS) of EOC. Rapid case ascertainment is used in ongoing patient recruitment in eight U.S. states, both northern and southern. Data collection is composed of a survey, biospecimens, and medical record abstraction. Results characterizing the survival experience of the phase 1 study population (enrolled 2010-2015) are presented. RESULTS Thus far, ~ 650 patients with EOC have been enrolled in the AACES. The five-year OS of AACES participants approximates those of Black women in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry who survive at least 10-month past diagnosis and is worse compared to white women in SEER, 49 vs. 60%, respectively. A high proportion of women in AACES have low levels of household income (45% < $25,000 annually), education (51% ≤ high school education), and insurance coverage (32% uninsured or Medicaid). Those followed annually differ from those without follow-up with higher levels of localized disease (28 vs 24%) and higher levels of optimal debulking status (73 vs 67%). CONCLUSION AACES is well positioned to evaluate the contribution of social determinants of health to the poor survival of Black women with EOC and advance understanding of the multi-factorial causes of the ovarian cancer survival disparity in Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Courtney Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren F Dempsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Terry
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maxwell Akonde
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Edward S Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hannah Mandle
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lauren Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Moorman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Epstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Hattab F, Giannetti F, Narcisi V, Lorusso P, Bussoletti F, Epstein M, Lee SJ, Tarantino M. Analysis and Preliminary Design of Primary Heat Exchanger Failure Testing Facility for Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2023.2173482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Hattab
- “Sapienza” University of Rome, DIAEE – Nuclear Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Giannetti
- “Sapienza” University of Rome, DIAEE – Nuclear Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Narcisi
- “Sapienza” University of Rome, DIAEE – Nuclear Section, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sung Jin Lee
- Fauske and Associates, LLC, Bolingbrook, Illinois
| | - Mariano Tarantino
- ENEA, Nuclear Safety, Sustainability and Security Division, Bologna, Italy
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Chey W, Cash B, Lacy B, Cohen S, Zeitzoff L, Cekola P, Araujo Torres K, Epstein M. Peppermint Oil is Highly Effective for the Treatment of Adults with IBS: Results from a Self-Reported Survey. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thomas HM, Runions KC, Lester L, Lombardi K, Epstein M, Mandzufas J, Barrow T, Ang S, Leahy A, Mullane M, Whelan A, Coffin J, Mitrou F, Zubrick SR, Bowen AC, Gething PW, Cross D. Western Australian adolescent emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:4. [PMID: 35027061 PMCID: PMC8756750 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been vast and are not limited to physical health. Many adolescents have experienced disruptions to daily life, including changes in their school routine and family's financial or emotional security, potentially impacting their emotional wellbeing. In low COVID-19 prevalence settings, the impact of isolation has been mitigated for most young people through continued face-to-face schooling, yet there may still be significant impacts on their wellbeing that could be attributed to the pandemic. METHODS We report on data from 32,849 surveys from Year 7-12 students in 40 schools over two 2020 survey cycles (June/July: 19,240; October: 13,609), drawn from a study of 79 primary and secondary schools across Western Australia, Australia. The Child Health Utility Index (CHU9D) was used to measure difficulties and distress in responding secondary school students only. Using comparable Australian data collected six years prior to the pandemic, the CHU9D was calibrated against the Kessler-10 to establish a reliable threshold for CHU9D-rated distress. RESULTS Compared to 14% of responding 12-18-year-olds in 2013/2014, in both 2020 survey cycles almost 40% of secondary students returned a CHU9D score above a threshold indicative of elevated difficulties and distress. Student distress increased significantly between June and October 2020. Female students, those in older Grades, those with few friendships or perceived poor quality friendships, and those with poor connectedness to school were more likely to score above the threshold. CONCLUSIONS In a large dataset collected during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of secondary school students with scores indicative of difficulties and distress was substantially higher than a 2013/2014 benchmark, and distress increased as the pandemic progressed, despite the low local prevalence of COVID-19. This may indicate a general decline in social and emotional wellbeing exacerbated by the events of the pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTRN (ACTRN12620000922976). Retrospectively registered 17/08/2020. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380429&isReview=true .
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Thomas
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - K. C. Runions
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - L. Lester
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - K. Lombardi
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - M. Epstein
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - J. Mandzufas
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - T. Barrow
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - S. Ang
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - A. Leahy
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - M. Mullane
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - A. Whelan
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - J. Coffin
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - F. Mitrou
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - S. R. Zubrick
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - A. C. Bowen
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia ,grid.410667.20000 0004 0625 8600Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - P. W. Gething
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - D. Cross
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Turajlic S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Furness A, Plummer R, Cave J, Thistlethwaite F, Leire E, Middleton J, Williams E, Baker A, Maine C, Epstein M, Sassi M, Newton K, Grant M, Saggese M, Quezada S, Forster M. 543 Sensitive quantification and tracking of the active components of a Clonal Neoantigen T cell (cNeT) therapy: From manufacture to peripheral circulation. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEx-vivo expanded tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) show promise in delivering durable responses among several solid tumour indications. However, characterising, quantifying and tracking the active component of TIL therapy remains challenging as the expansion process does not distinguish between tumour reactive and bystander T-cells. Achilles Therapeutics has developed ATL001, a patient-specific TIL-based product, manufactured using the VELOS™ process that specifically targets clonal neoantigens present in all tumour cells within a patient. Two Phase I/IIa clinical trials of ATL001 are ongoing in patients with advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, CHIRON (NCT04032847), and metastatic or recurrent melanoma, THETIS (NCT03997474). Extensive product characterisation and immune-monitoring are performed through Achilles’ manufacturing and translational science programme. This enables precise quantification and characterisation of the active component of this therapy – Clonal Neoantigen T cells (cNeT) – during manufacture and following patient administration, offering unique insight into the mechanism of action of ATL001 and aiding the development of next generation processes.MethodsATL001 was manufactured using procured tumour and matched whole blood from 8 patients enrolled in the THETIS (n=5) and CHIRON (n=3) clinical trials. Following administration of ATL001, peripheral blood samples were collected up to week 6. The active component of the product was detected via re-stimulation with clonal neoantigen peptide pools and evaluation of IFN-γ and/or TNF-α production. Deconvolution of individual reactivities was achieved via ELISPOT assays. Immune reconstitution was evaluated by flow cytometry. cNeT expansion was evaluated by restimulation of isolated PBMCs with peptide pools and individual peptide reactivities (ELISPOT).ResultsThe median age was 57 (range 30 – 71) and 6/8 patients were male. The median number of previous lines of systemic anti-cancer treatment at the time of ATL001 dosing was 2.5 (range 1 – 5). Proportion of cNeT in manufactured products ranged from 0.20% - 77.43% (mean 26.78%) and unique single peptide reactivities were observed in 7 of 8 products (range 0 – 28, mean 8.6). Post-dosing, cNeTs were detected in 5/8 patients and cNeT expansion was observed in 3/5 patients.ConclusionsThese data underscore our ability to sensitively detect, quantify and track the patient-specific cNeT component of ATL001 – during manufacture and post dosing. As the dataset matures, these metrics of detection and expansion will be correlated with product, clinical and genomic characteristics to determine variables associated with peripheral cNeT dynamics and clinical response.ReferencesNCT04032847, NCT03997474Ethics ApprovalThe first 8 patients described have all been located within the UK and both trials (CHIRON and THETIS) have been approved by the UK MHRA (among other international bodies, e.g FDA). Additionally, these trials have been approved by local ethics boards at active sites within the UK. Patient‘s are fully informed by provided materials and investigators prior to consenting to enrol into either ATL001 trial.
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Kotsiou E, Robinson J, Rogers A, Melandri D, Baker A, Aragon AR, Nawaz S, Epstein M, Patel S, Mootien J, Craig A, Kaur-Lally S, Patel H, Schmitt A, Islam F, Jamal-Hanjani M, Lawrence D, Foster M, Turajlic S, Quezada S, Newton K. 193 The Achilles VELOS TM Process 2 boosts the dose of highly functional clonal neoantigen-reactive T cells for precision personalized cell therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAdoptive transfer of ex-vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promise in the clinic. However, the non-specific expansion of TIL and the lack of understanding of the active component of TIL has resulted in poor correlation between clinical response and dose as well as poor understanding of response and resistance mechanisms. The VELOSTM manufacturing process generates a precision and personalized treatment modality by targeting clonal neoantigens with the incorporation of an antigen-specific expansion step to enrich the product for these specificities. Achilles has developed a second generation manufacturing process (VELOSTM Process 2) to boost the neoantigen-reactive cell dose while maintaining key qualitative features associated with function. Here we report the in-depth characterization of clonal neoantigen-reactive T cells (cNeT) products expanded using the two VELOSTM processes.MethodsMatched tumors and peripheral blood from patients undergoing routine surgery were obtained from patients with primary NSCLC or metastatic melanoma (NCT03517917). TIL were expanded from tumor fragments and peptide pools corresponding to the clonal mutations identified using the PELEUSTM bioinformatics platform were synthesized. cNeT were expanded by co-culture of TIL with peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells, with an optimized cytokine cocktail and co-stimulation for Process 2. Neoantigen reactivity was assessed using our proprietary potency assay with peptide pool re-challenge followed by intracellular cytokine staining. Single peptide reactivities were identified using ELISPOT and flow cytometric analysis for in-depth phenotyping of cNeT was performed.ResultsCD3+ T cells displayed higher fold expansion in Process 2 (median 77.4) compared to Process 1 (median 3.8)(n=5). Both processes showed similar CD3+ T cell content (median Process 1=91.3%, Process 2=96.9% n=5) and contained both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showing reactivity to clonal neoantigens. Proportion of cells responding to neoantigen re-challenge was similar across both processes (median Process 1=19.9% and Process 2=18.2%) leading to higher reactive dose when coupled with higher T cell doses in Process 2. Phenotypically T cells were predominantly effector memory for both processes and Process 2 had lower frequencies of terminally differentiated T cells.ConclusionsAchilles’ proprietary potency assay enables the optimization of new processes that deliver high cNeT doses to patients by detecting the active drug component. We have generated proof of concept data that supports the transfer of the VELOSTM Process 2 to clinical manufacture for two first-in-human studies for the treatment of solid cancers.Ethics ApprovalThe samples for the study were collected under an ethically approved protocol (NCT03517917)
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Epstein M, Halonen J, Sharma P. Bowel preparation with 1L polyethylene glycol and ascorbate NER1006 doubles the chance to detect three or more adenomas in overweight or obese males. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9:E1324-E1334. [PMID: 34466355 PMCID: PMC8367431 DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Men have more colon cleansing failures, colorectal adenomas, and colorectal cancers than women. We analyzed whether 1-liter (1 L) polyethylene glycol (PEG) NER1006 improves high-quality (HQ) colon cleansing and adenoma detection in males versus two mid-volume alternatives. Patients and methods The analysis of 1028 adult patients in two randomized clinical trials was performed. Adenoma detection and HQ cleansing were compared for overnight split dosing regimens with NER1006 (n = 513) versus combined oral sulfate solution or 2 L PEG + ascorbate (OSS/2 L PEG) (n = 515). Analyses included males versus females, overweight or obese (OO) males versus lean males, and NER1006 versus OSS/2 L PEG. In male patients, the adenoma detection rate of at least 3 (ADR3 +) was predicted with multiple logistic regression and statistical comparisons used the two-sided t-test. Results ADR3 + was greater in males versus females (10.7 % [56/524] versus 5.8 % [29/504]; P = 0.004) despite comparable adequate cleansing success rates (93.2 % [479/514] versus 93.0 % [466/501]; P = 0.912) and more HQ-scores in females (41.6 % [1069/2570] versus 45.3 % [1134/2505]; P = 0.008). ADR was almost twice as high in OO versus lean males (43.4 % [184/424] versus 23.1 % [21/91]; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression predicted ADR3 + detection to be twice as likely in OO males using NER1006 versus OSS/2 L PEG (odds ratio (95 % confidence interval [CI]) = 2.049 (1.082-3.973); P = 0.030) and 90 % more likely in all males (1.902 (1.045-3.526); P = 0.037). In males, including OO males, NER1006 attained more HQ-scores per trial than OSS or 2 L PEG (P ≤ 0.017 for all comparisons). Conclusions NER1006 predicted the detection of more males for frequent surveillance than OSS/2 L PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Investigative Clinical Research, Annapolis, Maryland, United States
| | - Juha Halonen
- Medical Affairs, Norgine Ltd., Harefield, United Kingdom
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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Epstein M, Pike R, Leire E, Middleton J, Wileman M, Ouboussad L, Manning L, Oakes T, Pekle E, Baker A, Brown M, Melandri D, Becker P, Ramirez A, Hadjistephanou N, Turaljic S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Forster M, Ali I, Robertson J, Peggs K, Quezada S. Abstract 1508: Characterization of a novel clonal neoantigen reactive T cell (cNeT) product through a comprehensive translational research program. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown great promise as a treatment for metastatic melanoma and has the potential to deliver durable responses in other solid tumors. Clonal neoantigens, which are derived from mutations occurring very early in the tumor development, are present in all cancer cells within a patient and therefore could be the optimal targets for TIL-based therapies. Recently it was shown that the number of clonal neoantigens within a tumor is associated with improved clinical outcomes following checkpoint inhibition in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. An approach that targets multiple clonal neoantigens with specific T cells has the potential to demonstrate high specificity and efficacy whilst mitigating the risk of immune escape.
Achilles Therapeutics is developing a personalized ACT product, ATL001, to target clonal neoantigens, which are identified using tumor exome sequencing and the PELEUS™ bioinformatics platform. Clonal neoantigen reactive T cells (cNeTs) are then manufactured from TIL using the VELOS™ manufacturing process. Two Phase I/IIa clinical trials of ATL001 are ongoing in patients with advanced NSCLC and metastatic or recurrent melanoma.
In common with the development of other ACT products, the key to characterizing and improving cNeT products relies on evaluating a diverse set of exploratory endpoints in early clinical trials, including understanding the procedural, clinical and biological factors that influence cNeT manufacturing rate and product reactivity; monitoring the expansion, persistence and phenotype of the infused cells in vivo and identifying potential biomarkers of clinical activity or safety of cNeTs in treated patients. These insights may suggest further improvements to cNeT product development in ensuing iterations.
The evaluation of these endpoints requires the collection of a rich longitudinal dataset that traces each patient's journey from tissue procurement and cNeT manufacture, to final product infusion and follow up. The data collected will include clinical and disease characteristics, tumor microenvironment insights from exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry of procured tumor, and metrics from the VELOS™ manufacturing process, along with a comprehensive immune-monitoring programme comprising immuno-sequencing, immunophenotyping, bespoke ctDNA panels and reactivity assays at specified timepoints, all to be evaluated against clinical outcomes data. The amalgamation of diverse streams of data requires the development of robust processes and systems for data collection, processing and storage. Furthermore, the evaluation of multiple exploratory endpoints will require integration and modelling of baseline covariates, time-series immune-monitoring and efficacy data, all of which will be described
Citation Format: Michael Epstein, Rebecca Pike, Emma Leire, Jen Middleton, Megan Wileman, Lylia Ouboussad, Leah Manning, Theres Oakes, Eva Pekle, Amy Baker, Mark Brown, Daisy Melandri, Pablo Becker, Anabel Ramirez, Natasa Hadjistephanou, Samra Turaljic, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Martin Forster, Iraj Ali, Jane Robertson, Karl Peggs, Sergio Quezada. Characterization of a novel clonal neoantigen reactive T cell (cNeT) product through a comprehensive translational research program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1508.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Leire
- 1Achilles Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Pekle
- 1Achilles Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Baker
- 1Achilles Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brown
- 1Achilles Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iraj Ali
- 1Achilles Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
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Ghosh S, Greiserman S, Chemodanov A, Slegers PM, Belgorodsky B, Epstein M, Kribus A, Gozin M, Chen GQ, Golberg A. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and biochar from green macroalgal Ulva sp. biomass subcritical hydrolysates: Process optimization and a priori economic and greenhouse emissions break-even analysis. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:145281. [PMID: 33517017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although macroalgae biomass is an emerging sustainable feedstock for biorefineries, the optimum process parameters for their hydrolysis and fermentation are still not known. In the present study, the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and biochar from green macroalgae Ulva sp. is examined, applying subcritical water hydrolysis and Haloferax mediterranei fermentation. First, the effects of temperature, treatment time, salinity, and solid load on the biomass and PHA productivity were optimized following the Taguchi method. Hydrolysis at 170 °C, 20 min residence time, 38 g L-1 salinity with a seaweed solid load of 5% led to the maximum PHA yield of 0.104 g g-1Ulva and a biochar yield of 0.194 ± 1.23 g g-1Ulva. Second, the effect of different initial culture densities on the biomass and PHA productivity was studied. An initial culture density of 50 g L-1 led to the maximum volumetric PHA productivity of 0.024 ± 0.002 g L-1 h-1 with a maximum PHA content of 49.38 ± 0.3% w/w Sensitivity analysis shows that within 90% confidence, the annual PHA production from Ulva sp. is 148.14 g PHA m-2 year-1 with an annual biochar production of 42.6 g m-2 year-1. Priori economic and greenhouse gas break-even analyses of the process were done to estimate annual revenues and allowable greenhouse gas emissions. The study illustrates that PHA production from seaweed hydrolysate using extreme halophiles coupled to biochar production could become a benign and promising step in a marine biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Ghosh
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Semion Greiserman
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alexander Chemodanov
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Petronella Margaretha Slegers
- Operations Research and Logistics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Belgorodsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Epstein
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Liao J, Ferroni P, Wright RF, Bachrach U, Scobel JH, Sofu T, Tentner AM, Lee SJ, Epstein M, Frignani M, Tarantino M. Development of phenomena identification and ranking table for Westinghouse lead fast reactor's safety. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Steinbruch E, Drabik D, Epstein M, Ghosh S, Prabhu MS, Gozin M, Kribus A, Golberg A. Hydrothermal processing of a green seaweed Ulva sp. for the production of monosaccharides, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and hydrochar. Bioresour Technol 2020; 318:124263. [PMID: 33099101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the fermentation and bioenergy industry, terrestrial biomass is usually fractionated and the collected components, such as starch, are processed separately. Such a separation has not been reported for seaweeds. In this work, the direct hydrothermal processing of the whole green seaweed Ulva sp. biomass is compared to processing of separated starch and cellulose, to find the preferable route for monosaccharide, hydrochar, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production. Glucose was the major released monosaccharide. A significant share of the glucose yield comes from the starch fraction. The highest hydrochar yield with the lowest ash content was obtained from the separated cellulose fraction. The highest PHA yield was obtained using a whole Ulva sp. hydrolysate fermentation with Haloferaxmediterranei. Economic analysis shows the advantage of direct Ulva sp. biomass fermentation to PHA. The co-production of glucose and hydrochar does not add significant economic benefits to the process under plausible prices of the two outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Steinbruch
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dusan Drabik
- Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Epstein
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meghanath S Prabhu
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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14
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Kennedy M, Lee SJ, Epstein M. Modeling aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in multi-room facility. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2020; 69:104336. [PMID: 33173256 PMCID: PMC7644243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The versatile and computationally attractive FATE™ facility software package for analyzing the transient behavior of facilities during normal and off-normal conditions is applied to the problem of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission in single-and multi-room facilities. Subject to the justifiable assumptions of non-interacting virus droplets, room-wide spatially homogeneous virus droplet aerosols and droplet sedimentation in accordance with Stokes law; the FATE code tracks the virus aerosol from a human source through a facility with a practical ventilation system which reconditions, filters, and recycles the air. The results show that infection risk can be reduced by 50 percent for increased facility airflow, 70 percent for increased airflow and the inclusion of a HEPA filter on recirculated ventilation air, and nearly 90 percent for increased airflow, inclusion of a HEPA filter, and wearing a mask. These results clearly indicate that there are operational changes and engineering measures which can reduce the potential infection risk in multi-room facilities.
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15
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Epstein M, Quilty-Dunn J, Mandelbaum E, Emmanouil T. The Outlier Paradox: The Role of Iterative Ensemble Coding in Discounting Outliers. J Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.11.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Emmanouil TA, Epstein M. Ensemble properties are available more rapidly than individual properties: EEG evidence using the oddball paradigm. J Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.11.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Abedini Najafabadi H, Ozalp N, Epstein M, Davis R. Solar Carbothermic Reduction of Dolomite: Direct Method for Production of Magnesium and Calcium. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nesrin Ozalp
- College of Engineering and Science, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana 46323, United States
| | - Michael Epstein
- Swenson College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Richard Davis
- Swenson College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Hassan C, Manning J, Álvarez González MA, Sharma P, Epstein M, Bisschops R. Improved detection of colorectal adenomas by high-quality colon cleansing. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E928-E937. [PMID: 32676536 PMCID: PMC7359847 DOI: 10.1055/a-1167-1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Reliable adenoma detection requires "adequate" bowel preparation. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was assessed in patients with high-quality (stool-free) cleansing versus adequate cleansing. Patients and methods This study was a post-hoc combined analysis of three randomized trials individually powered for cleansing quality assessment. Treatment-independent ADR was assessed versus colon cleansing quality by central readers using the Harefield Cleansing Scale (HCS) and the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). The number needed to treat (NNT) to find an additional patient with at least one adenoma was calculated for high-quality versus adequate-quality cleansing. Results A total of 1749 patients were included. ADR increased with high-quality versus adequate-quality cleansing: HCS grade A versus B, 39 % (94/242) versus 27 % (336/1229); NNT = 8.7; P < 0.001. ADR also increased with high-quality versus uniform adequate segmental cleansing scores: HCS grade A versus uniform segmental scores 2, 39 % (94/242) versus 26 % (97/379); NNT = 7.5; P < 0.001. ADR increased with top-quality versus adequate segmental cleansing scores: HCS uniform segmental scores 4 versus 2, 54 % (21/39) versus 26 % (97/379); NNT = 3.6; P < 0.001. ADR increased with BBPS 9 versus 6, 43 % (71/166) versus 26 % (247/950); NNT = 6.0; P < 0.001. Right colon ADR increased with top-quality versus adequate cleansing: HCS 4 versus 2, 20 % (25/122) versus 11 % (121/1117); NNT = 10.4; P < 0.001 and BBPS 3 versus 2, 15 % (42/284) versus 11 % (130/1192); NNT = 25.8; P = 0.033. Conclusions High-quality colon cleansing improves adenoma detection, and it should be a priority for bowel preparations for colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Manning
- Borders General Hospital, NHS Borders, Melrose, Berwickshire, UK
| | | | - Prateek Sharma
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Michael Epstein
- Investigative Clinical Research, Annapolis, Maryland, United States
| | - Raf Bisschops
- KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Rotulo A, Epstein M, Kondilis E. Fiscal federalism vs fiscal decentralization in healthcare: a conceptual framework. Hippokratia 2020; 24:107-113. [PMID: 34239287 PMCID: PMC8256788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization are distinct policy options in public services in general and healthcare in particular, with possibly opposed effects on equity, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, the pertinent discourse often reflects confusion between the concepts or conflation thereof. METHODS This paper performs a narrative review of theoretical literature on decentralization. The study offers clear definitions of the concepts of fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization and provides an overview of the potential implications of each policy for healthcare systems. RESULTS The interpretation of the literature identified three different dimensions of decentralization: political, administrative, economic. Economic decentralization can be further implemented through two different policy options: fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization. Fiscal federalism is the transfer of spending authority of a centrally pooled public health budget to local governments or authorities. Countries like the UK, Cuba, Denmark, and Brazil mostly rely on fiscal federalism mechanisms for healthcare financing. Fiscal decentralization consists of transferring both pooling and spending responsibilities from the central government to local authorities. Contrarily to fiscal federalism, the implementation of fiscal decentralization requires as a precondition the fragmentation of the national pool into many local pools. The restructuring of the pooling system may limit the cross-subsidization effect between high- and low-income groups and areas that a central pool guarantees; thus, severely affecting local equality and equity. With the limited availability of local public resources in poorer regions, the quality of services drops, increasing the disparity gap between areas. Evidence from Italy, Spain, China, and Ivory Coast -countries with a strong fiscal decentralization element in their healthcare services- suggests that fiscal decentralization has positive effects on the infant mortality rate. However, it decreases healthcare resources as well as access to services, fostering spatial inequities. CONCLUSION If public resources are and remain adequate, allocation follows equitable criteria, and local communities are involved in the decision-making debate, fiscal federalism -rather than fiscal decentralization- appear to be an adequate policy option to improve the healthcare services and population's health nationwide and achieve health sector economic decentralization. HIPPOKRATIA 2020, 24(3): 107-113.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rotulo
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Medicine and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Population Health Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - M Epstein
- Institute of Population Health Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - E Kondilis
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Medicine and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Abedini Najafabadi H, Ozalp N, Epstein M, Davis R. Solar Carbothermic Reduction of Dolime as a Promising Option To Produce Magnesium and Calcium. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Abedini Najafabadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Nesrin Ozalp
- College of Engineering and Science, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana 46323, United States
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21
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Poordad F, Sedghi S, Pockros PJ, Ravendhran N, Reindollar R, Lucey MR, Epstein M, Bank L, Bernstein D, Trinh R, Krishnan P, Polepally AR, Unnebrink K, Martinez M, Nelson DR. Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with low-dose ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1a infection without cirrhosis. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:1027-1030. [PMID: 30980576 PMCID: PMC6850388 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with interferon-free direct-acting antivirals may still require ribavirin. However, ribavirin is associated with adverse events that can limit its use. This open-label, multicentre, Phase 3 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir (OBV/PTV/r + DSV) with low-dose ribavirin for 12 weeks in genotype 1a-infected patients without cirrhosis. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12). The primary safety endpoint was haemoglobin <10 g/dL during treatment and decreased from baseline. Overall, 105 patients enrolled. The SVR12 rate was 89.5% (n/N = 94/105; 95% CI, 83.7-95.4). The study did not achieve noninferiority versus the historic SVR12 rate for OBV/PTV/r + DSV plus weight-based ribavirin. Five patients experienced virologic failure, four discontinued, and two had missing SVR12 data. Excluding nonvirologic failures, the SVR12 rate was 94.9% (n/N = 94/99). One patient met the primary safety endpoint. OBV/PTV/r + DSV plus low-dose ribavirin offers an alternative option for patients in whom full-dose ribavirin may compromise tolerability, although noninferiority to the weight-based ribavirin regimen was not met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Poordad
- Texas Liver InstituteUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTexas
| | | | - Paul J. Pockros
- Division of Gastroenterology/HepatologyScripps ClinicLa JollaCalifornia
| | | | - Robert Reindollar
- Piedmont Healthcare/Carolinas Center for Liver DiseaseStatesvilleNorth Carolina
| | - Michael R. Lucey
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsin
| | - Michael Epstein
- Anne Arundel Medical CenterDigestive Disorders AssociatesAnnapolisMaryland
| | - Leslie Bank
- Regional Clinical Research IncEndwellNew York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David R. Nelson
- Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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Epstein M. Pathfinding, Progress and Partnerships: Commentary on the JACM Whole Systems Research Special Issue. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:775-776. [PMID: 31260332 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Integrative Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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23
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Zhou Q, Epstein M. Mass exchange between light metal layer and oxidic layer in lower plenum corium pool for a high steel content condition. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Mack D, Epstein M, Dube C, Clark R, Lapane K. LESS IS MORE: POTENTIAL OVERSCREENING FOR BREAST CANCER IN U.S. NURSING HOMES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Mack
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - M Epstein
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - C Dube
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - R Clark
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - K Lapane
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
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25
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Epstein M. Food and Drug Administration guidances on biosimilars: an update for the gastroenterologist. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818799600. [PMID: 30302126 PMCID: PMC6170960 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818799600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a significant cause of morbidity in the United States (US), has been revolutionized over the last two decades by the introduction of biologic therapies. These include antitumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) agents. Since 2016, five biosimilar TNF-α inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of IBD. The FDA has published a series of guidance documents related to the evaluation, licensing, and approval of biosimilars. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these FDA guidances and the issues associated with biosimilars in the US.
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Demaerel W, Hestand MS, Vergaelen E, Swillen A, López-Sánchez M, Pérez-Jurado LA, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai E, Emanuel BS, Morrow BE, Breckpot J, Devriendt K, Vermeesch JR, Antshel K, Arango C, Armando M, Bassett A, Bearden C, Boot E, Bravo-Sanchez M, Breetvelt E, Busa T, Butcher N, Campbell L, Carmel M, Chow E, Crowley TB, Cubells J, Cutler D, Demaerel W, Digilio MC, Duijff S, Eliez S, Emanuel B, Epstein M, Evers R, Fernandez Garcia-Moya L, Fiksinski A, Fraguas D, Fremont W, Fritsch R, Garcia-Minaur S, Golden A, Gothelf D, Guo T, Gur R, Gur R, Heine-Suner D, Hestand M, Hooper S, Kates W, Kushan L, Laorden-Nieto A, Maeder J, Marino B, Marshall C, McCabe K, McDonald-McGinn D, Michaelovosky E, Morrow B, Moss E, Mulle J, Murphy D, Murphy K, Murphy C, Niarchou M, Ornstein C, Owen M, Philip N, Repetto G, Schneider M, Shashi V, Simon T, Swillen A, Tassone F, Unolt M, van Amelsvoort T, van den Bree M, Van Duin E, Vergaelen E, Vermeesch J, Vicari S, Vingerhoets C, Vorstman J, Warren S, Weinberger R, Weisman O, Weizman A, Zackai E, Zhang Z, Zwick M. Retraction Notice to: Nested Inversion Polymorphisms Predispose Chromosome 22q11.2 to Meiotic Rearrangements. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:457. [PMID: 30193139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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27
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Epstein M, Emmanouil T. Neural Substrates of Ensemble Perception. J Vis 2018. [DOI: 10.1167/18.10.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Emmanouil
- Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center, CUNYDepartment of Psychology, Baruch College, CUNY
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Tejeda C, Broadaway AK, Ombrello MJ, Brown MR, Ponder LA, Pichavant MR, Wang G, Angeles-Han S, Hersh A, Bohnsack J, Conneely KN, Epstein M, Prahalad S. Case-control Association Study of Autoimmunity Associated Variants in PDCD1 and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2018; 13:219-223. [PMID: 28056736 PMCID: PMC5759045 DOI: 10.2174/1573397113666170104123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in the gene encoding Programmed Cell Death-1 (PDCD1) have been associated with susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. Given that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors, variants in PDCD-1 were tested for a possible association with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). METHODS Four Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPS) in the PDCD1 gene were genotyped and analyzed: rs7421861, rs11568821, rs10204525, and rs7568402 in 834 cases and 855 controls of Northern European ancestry. Each variant was examined for possible associations with JIA and then analyzed for association with JIA categories. RESULTS PDCD1 variants showed no association with JIA in the cohort overall (rs7421861 p=0.63, rs11568821 p=0.13, rs10204525 p=0.31, and rs7568402 p=0.45). Stratification by JIA categories indicated a significant association between systemic JIA and PDCD1 rs7568402 (OR=0.53, p=0.0027), which remained significant after 10,000 permutations, but was not replicated in an independent multi-ethnic systemic JIA cohort. A nominal association between enthesitis-related arthritis and rs115668821 was also observed (OR=0.22, p=0.012). CONCLUSION Unlike other multiple autoimmune disease associated genetic variants, there was no association between PDCD1 variants and JIA or JIA categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tejeda
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | - Alaine K Broadaway
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | - Michael J Ombrello
- Translational Genetics and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. United States
| | - Milton R Brown
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | - Lori A Ponder
- Children's Health Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA. United States
| | - Mina Rohani Pichavant
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | - Gabriel Wang
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | | | - Aimee Hersh
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. United States
| | - John Bohnsack
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. United States
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | - Michael Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. United States
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Woodhouse S, Plagnol V, Howarth K, Lensing S, Smith M, Epstein M, Madi M, Smalley S, Leroy C, Hinton J, Kievit FD, Musgrave-Brown E, Herd C, Baker-Neblett K, Brennan W, Dimitrov P, Campbell N, Rosenfeld N, Clark J, Gale D, Platt J, Calaway J, Jones G, Forshew T. Abstract 939: Analytical validation of InVisionFirst™, a liquid biopsy assay for high-sensitivity broad molecular profiling of circulating tumor DNA using plasma samples of cancer patients. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis enables minimally invasive assessment of somatic genetic alterations for cancer patients. ctDNA analysis is quickly being incorporated into cancer care; notably in profiling patients' tumors to guide treatment decisions. Patients have demonstrated a response to targeted therapies even when the actionable mutations detected in their plasma DNA was at low variant allele fractions (VAFs) (< 0.5%). Here we describe a detailed analytical validation study for InVisionFirst™, an NGS-based assay offering broad molecular profiling with exceptional sensitivity for analysis of ctDNA.
The InVisionFirst assay is based on enhanced tagged amplicon sequencing (eTAm-SeqTM) technology and profiles 36 genes commonly mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancer types for actionable genomic alterations. Analytical validation demonstrated the performance of this assay for detection of point mutations, indels, amplifications and gene fusions that commonly occur in NSCLC. Over 100 different contrived samples and 200 plasma samples were analyzed, representing a wide spectrum of genetic aberrations and variant allele frequency (VAF). Analysis was performed by multiple operators, at different times and using different reagent lots.
The InVisionFirst assay demonstrated an excellent sensitivity, with 99.48% sensitivity for SNVs present at VAF range 0.25%-0.33% and 92.46% sensitivity for indels at 0.25% VAF. DNA amplifications for ERBB2, FGFR1, MET and EGFR were also detected with high sensitivity and specificity. Greater than 50% of SNVs were detected down to a few molecules (0.06%-0.08% VAF), with the lower reportable range of 0.0125% for SNVs and indels. This high sensitivity was achieved while still retaining exceptional specificity (99.9997% per base). The assay also demonstrates, for the first time, detection of ALK and ROS1 gene fusions with an amplicon-based ctDNA technology. The novel methodology detected EML4-ALK and SLC34A2-ROS1 breakpoints at a VAF of 0.0625%. Comparison of VAFs between the InVisionFirst assay and ddPCR showed excellent concordance (R2 = 0.965).
This analytical validation study has evaluated the performance characteristics of the InVisionFirst assay across a range of genomic alterations, establishing it as a highly sensitive and specific assay that meets the analytical requirements for clinical applications. The InVisionFirst assay can be deployed as a liquid biopsy NGS assay for broad molecular profiling of plasma to aid in the management of cancer patients.
Citation Format: Samuel Woodhouse, Vincent Plagnol, Karen Howarth, Stefanie Lensing, Matt Smith, Michael Epstein, Mikidache Madi, Sarah Smalley, Catherine Leroy, Jonathan Hinton, Frank de Kievit, Esther Musgrave-Brown, Colin Herd, Katherine Baker-Neblett, Will Brennan, Peter Dimitrov, Nathan Campbell, Nitzan Rosenfeld, James Clark, Davina Gale, Jamie Platt, John Calaway, Greg Jones, Tim Forshew. Analytical validation of InVisionFirst™, a liquid biopsy assay for high-sensitivity broad molecular profiling of circulating tumor DNA using plasma samples of cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 939.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Greg Jones
- 2Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Gale D, Lawson ARJ, Howarth K, Madi M, Durham B, Smalley S, Calaway J, Blais S, Jones G, Clark J, Dimitrov P, Pugh M, Woodhouse S, Epstein M, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Whale AS, Huggett JF, Foy CA, Jones GM, Raveh-Amit H, Schmitt K, Devonshire A, Green E, Forshew T, Plagnol V, Rosenfeld N. Development of a highly sensitive liquid biopsy platform to detect clinically-relevant cancer mutations at low allele fractions in cell-free DNA. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194630. [PMID: 29547634 PMCID: PMC5856404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection and monitoring of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is rapidly becoming a diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tool in cancer patient care. A growing number of gene targets have been identified as diagnostic or actionable, requiring the development of reliable technology that provides analysis of multiple genes in parallel. We have developed the InVision™ liquid biopsy platform which utilizes enhanced TAm-Seq™ (eTAm-Seq™) technology, an amplicon-based next generation sequencing method for the identification of clinically-relevant somatic alterations at low frequency in ctDNA across a panel of 35 cancer-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present analytical validation of the eTAm-Seq technology across two laboratories to determine the reproducibility of mutation identification. We assess the quantitative performance of eTAm-Seq technology for analysis of single nucleotide variants in clinically-relevant genes as compared to digital PCR (dPCR), using both established DNA standards and novel full-process control material. RESULTS The assay detected mutant alleles down to 0.02% AF, with high per-base specificity of 99.9997%. Across two laboratories, analysis of samples with optimal amount of DNA detected 94% mutations at 0.25%-0.33% allele fraction (AF), with 90% of mutations detected for samples with lower amounts of input DNA. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that eTAm-Seq technology is a robust and reproducible technology for the identification and quantification of somatic mutations in circulating tumor DNA, and support its use in clinical applications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Gale
- Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Smalley
- Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - John Calaway
- Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Shannon Blais
- Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Greg Jones
- Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - James Clark
- Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim F. Huggett
- LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Karin Schmitt
- Horizon Discovery, Waterbeach, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma Green
- Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Forshew
- Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Plagnol V, Woodhouse S, Howarth K, Lensing S, Smith M, Epstein M, Madi M, Smalley S, Leroy C, Hinton J, de Kievit F, Musgrave-Brown E, Herd C, Baker-Neblett K, Brennan W, Dimitrov P, Campbell N, Morris C, Rosenfeld N, Clark J, Gale D, Platt J, Calaway J, Jones G, Forshew T. Analytical validation of a next generation sequencing liquid biopsy assay for high sensitivity broad molecular profiling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193802. [PMID: 29543828 PMCID: PMC5854321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is being incorporated into cancer care; notably in profiling patients to guide treatment decisions. Responses to targeted therapies have been observed in patients with actionable mutations detected in plasma DNA at variant allele fractions (VAFs) below 0.5%. Highly sensitive methods are therefore required for optimal clinical use. To enable objective assessment of assay performance, detailed analytical validation is required. We developed the InVisionFirst™ assay, an assay based on enhanced tagged amplicon sequencing (eTAm-Seq™) technology to profile 36 genes commonly mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancer types for actionable genomic alterations in cell-free DNA. The assay has been developed to detect point mutations, indels, amplifications and gene fusions that commonly occur in NSCLC. For analytical validation, two 10mL blood tubes were collected from NSCLC patients and healthy volunteer donors. In addition, contrived samples were used to represent a wide spectrum of genetic aberrations and VAFs. Samples were analyzed by multiple operators, at different times and using different reagent Lots. Results were compared with digital PCR (dPCR). The InVisionFirst assay demonstrated an excellent limit of detection, with 99.48% sensitivity for SNVs present at VAF range 0.25%-0.33%, 92.46% sensitivity for indels at 0.25% VAF and a high rate of detection at lower frequencies while retaining high specificity (99.9997% per base). The assay also detected ALK and ROS1 gene fusions, and DNA amplifications in ERBB2, FGFR1, MET and EGFR with high sensitivity and specificity. Comparison between the InVisionFirst assay and dPCR in a series of cancer patients showed high concordance. This analytical validation demonstrated that the InVisionFirst assay is highly sensitive, specific and robust, and meets analytical requirements for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Plagnol
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Woodhouse
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Howarth
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Lensing
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Smith
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Epstein
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mikidache Madi
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Smalley
- Product Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine Leroy
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Hinton
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank de Kievit
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colin Herd
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Baker-Neblett
- Clinical Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Will Brennan
- Product Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Dimitrov
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Clinical Laboratory Operations, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Clive Morris
- Clinical Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Clark
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Davina Gale
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Platt
- Product Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Calaway
- Product Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Greg Jones
- Product Development, Inivata Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tim Forshew
- Research and Development, Inivata Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Epstein
- The Nephrology Section Veterans Administration Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - G. O. Perez
- The Nephrology Section Veterans Administration Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Fribbens C, Garcia Murillas I, Beaney M, Hrebien S, O'Leary B, Kilburn L, Howarth K, Epstein M, Green E, Rosenfeld N, Ring A, Johnston S, Turner N. Tracking evolution of aromatase inhibitor resistance with circulating tumour DNA analysis in metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:145-153. [PMID: 29045530 PMCID: PMC6264798 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selection of resistance mutations may play a major role in the development of endocrine resistance. ESR1 mutations are rare in primary breast cancer but have high prevalence in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI) for advanced breast cancer. We investigated the evolution of genetic resistance to the first-line AI therapy using sequential ctDNA sampling in patients with advanced breast cancer. Patients and methods Eighty-three patients on the first-line AI therapy for metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in a prospective study. Plasma samples were collected every 3 months to disease progression and ctDNA analysed by digital droplet PCR and enhanced tagged-amplicon sequencing (eTAm-Seq). Mutations identified in progression samples by sequencing were tracked back through samples before progression to study the evolution of mutations on therapy. The frequency of novel mutations was validated in an independent cohort of available baseline plasma samples in the Study of Faslodex versus Exemestane with or without Arimidex (SoFEA) trial, which enrolled patients with prior sensitivity to AI. Results Of the 39 patients who progressed on the first-line AI, 56.4% (22/39) had ESR1 mutations detectable at progression, which were polyclonal in 40.9% (9/22) patients. In serial tracking, ESR1 mutations were detectable median 6.7 months (95% confidence interval 3.7-NA) before clinical progression. Utilising eTAm-Seq ctDNA sequencing of progression plasma, ESR1 mutations were demonstrated to be sub-clonal in 72.2% (13/18) patients. Mutations in RAS genes were identified in 15.4% (6/39) of progressing patients (4 KRAS, 1 HRAS, 1 NRAS). In SoFEA, KRAS mutations were detected in 21.2% (24/113) patients although there was no evidence that KRAS mutation status was prognostic for progression free or overall survival. Conclusions Cancers progressing on the first-line AI show high levels of genetic heterogeneity, with frequent sub-clonal mutations. Sub-clonal KRAS mutations are found at high frequency. The genetic diversity of AI resistant cancers may limit subsequent targeted therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fribbens
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - I Garcia Murillas
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Beaney
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S Hrebien
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - B O'Leary
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Kilburn
- Institute of Cancer Research Clinical Trials & Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), London, UK
| | - K Howarth
- Inivata Ltd., The Portway, Granta Park, Great Abington, UK
| | - M Epstein
- Inivata Ltd., The Portway, Granta Park, Great Abington, UK
| | - E Green
- Inivata Ltd., The Portway, Granta Park, Great Abington, UK
| | - N Rosenfeld
- Inivata Ltd., The Portway, Granta Park, Great Abington, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Ring
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Johnston
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Welby E, Lakowski J, Di Foggia V, Budinger D, Gonzalez-Cordero A, Lun ATL, Epstein M, Patel A, Cuevas E, Kruczek K, Naeem A, Minneci F, Hubank M, Jones DT, Marioni JC, Ali RR, Sowden JC. Isolation and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Human Fetal and iPSC-Derived Cone Photoreceptor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1898-1915. [PMID: 29153988 PMCID: PMC5785701 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cone photoreceptors, crucial for daylight vision, has the greatest impact on sight in retinal degeneration. Transplantation of stem cell-derived L/M-opsin cones, which form 90% of the human cone population, could provide a feasible therapy to restore vision. However, transcriptomic similarities between fetal and stem cell-derived cones remain to be defined, in addition to development of cone cell purification strategies. Here, we report an analysis of the human L/M-opsin cone photoreceptor transcriptome using an AAV2/9.pR2.1:GFP reporter. This led to the identification of a cone-enriched gene signature, which we used to demonstrate similar gene expression between fetal and stem cell-derived cones. We then defined a cluster of differentiation marker combination that, when used for cell sorting, significantly enriches for cone photoreceptors from the fetal retina and stem cell-derived retinal organoids, respectively. These data may facilitate more efficient isolation of human stem cell-derived cones for use in clinical transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Welby
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jorn Lakowski
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Valentina Di Foggia
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dimitri Budinger
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Aaron T L Lun
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Michael Epstein
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Aara Patel
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Elisa Cuevas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kamil Kruczek
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Arifa Naeem
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Federico Minneci
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mike Hubank
- UCL Genomics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Robin R Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Dahlgren A, Epstein M, Söderström M, Tucker P. Nurses' strategies for managing sleep when starting shift work – implications for interventions targeting sleep behaviours in a shift work population. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kutteri D, Mosevitzky B, Epstein M, Shter GE, Grader GS. Pollutant Abatement of Nitrogen-Based Fuel Effluents over Mono- and Bimetallic Pt/Ru Catalysts. ACS Omega 2017; 2:8273-8281. [PMID: 31457367 PMCID: PMC6645125 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and bimetallic alloy Pt and Ru catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 have been investigated for the reduction of pollutants (NO x , NH3, and CO) generated during the continuous combustion of an aqueous urea ammonium nitrate fuel. A Pt/Ru alloy with a Pt25/Ru75 atomic ratio has been found to have higher activity and selectivity than those of a 50/50 alloy and monometallic catalysts. Among monometallic catalysts, Ru was more selective toward N2 formation, whereas Pt showed a higher selectivity toward NH3 formation. For Ru, it was observed that the oxidizing atmosphere of NO x pollutants caused the formation of RuO2, whereas Ru in the Pt/Ru alloy was stable under these conditions. Temperature (250-500 °C) and pressure (1-8 MPa) studies over Ru and 25/75 Pt/Ru have concluded that the alloy catalyst at 400 °C and 5 MPa reduced the pollutants to a minimum level with high yields of N2 (99.7%) and CO2 (99.9%). It was also observed that the 25/75 Pt/Ru catalyst remained stable up to 100 h of thermal treatment at 400 °C. Minimal pollutants were obtained at a weight hourly space velocity = 11 822 h-1. Characterization studies of the spent catalyst showed that metal particles were sintered over a period of time (8 h) and the γ-Al2O3 support was transformed into θ- and α-phases under the hydrothermal reaction conditions.
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Garcia-Murillas I, Beanney M, Epstein M, Howarth K, Lawson A, Hrebien S, Green E, Rosenfeld N, Turner N. Abstract 2743: Comparison of enhanced Tagged-Amplicon Sequencing and digital PCR for circulating tumor DNA analysis in advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis allows non-invasive detection of tumor mutations and amplifications in advanced breast cancer. Multiple technologies have been developed to analyse ctDNA and here we compared two leading ctDNA detection technologies, enhanced Tagged-Amplicon Sequencing™ (eTAm-Seq™) and digital PCR (dPCR) assays, in advanced breast cancer.
Methods We recruited a cohort of 35 women with advanced breast cancer, of whom 23 had two separate blood samples taken in a standard EDTA tube processed immediately or in preservative Streck tubes processed up to 120 hours after venipuncture. Digital PCR was conducted with assays for hotspot actionable mutations in 3 known drivers in breast cancer: PIK3CA exon 9 and 20, ESR1 ligand binding domain and AKT1 (c.49G>A; p.E17K), and ctDNA sequencing was conducted with eTAm-Seq method using a 35-gene panel including cancer hotspots, entire coding regions and copy number variants (CNVs).
Results Across both assays, 37 mutations were detected in 35 patients, with PIK3CA mutation in 13 patients (37%), ESR1 mutations in 10 patients (29%), and no AKT1 mutations. ESR1 mutations were polyclonal in 8 patients, with ctDNA eTAm-Seq method revealing substantially more diversity in mutations, with up to 8 individual mutations detected in a patient. There was 96.15% agreement for PIK3CA mutation detection between assays (Kappa 0.89, 95% CI 0.743 to 1.000), 100% agreement for ESR1 mutations (Kappa 1.00, 95% CI 1.000 to 1.000). There was very high correlation in mutation allele frequency between eTAm-Seq and dPCR (r=0.93, 95%CI 0.86 to 0.96, p<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity for HER2 amplification detection by eTAm-Seq was 100% compared to tumor HER2 status. Comparison of immediate processing and Streck tubes revealed 97.92% agreement (Kappa 0.95, 95% CI 0.868 to 1.000) for mutation calling.
Conclusions This study demonstrates that ctDNA analysis using eTAmSeq and dPCR have very high agreement in mutation detection in patients with advanced breast cancer patients. Streck tubes present a robust alternative to immediate processing of samples. eTAm-Seq and digital PCR have high clinical validity in mutation detection.
Citation Format: Isaac Garcia-Murillas, Matthew Beanney, Michael Epstein, Karen Howarth, Andrew Lawson, Sarah Hrebien, Emma Green, Nitzan Rosenfeld, Nick Turner. Comparison of enhanced Tagged-Amplicon Sequencing and digital PCR for circulating tumor DNA analysis in advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2743. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2743
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Hrebien
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nick Turner
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Epstein M, Calderhead B, Girolami MA, Sivilotti LG. Bayesian Statistical Inference in Ion-Channel Models with Exact Missed Event Correction. Biophys J 2017; 111:333-348. [PMID: 27463136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The stochastic behavior of single ion channels is most often described as an aggregated continuous-time Markov process with discrete states. For ligand-gated channels each state can represent a different conformation of the channel protein or a different number of bound ligands. Single-channel recordings show only whether the channel is open or shut: states of equal conductance are aggregated, so transitions between them have to be inferred indirectly. The requirement to filter noise from the raw signal further complicates the modeling process, as it limits the time resolution of the data. The consequence of the reduced bandwidth is that openings or shuttings that are shorter than the resolution cannot be observed; these are known as missed events. Postulated models fitted using filtered data must therefore explicitly account for missed events to avoid bias in the estimation of rate parameters and therefore assess parameter identifiability accurately. In this article, we present the first, to our knowledge, Bayesian modeling of ion-channels with exact missed events correction. Bayesian analysis represents uncertain knowledge of the true value of model parameters by considering these parameters as random variables. This allows us to gain a full appreciation of parameter identifiability and uncertainty when estimating values for model parameters. However, Bayesian inference is particularly challenging in this context as the correction for missed events increases the computational complexity of the model likelihood. Nonetheless, we successfully implemented a two-step Markov chain Monte Carlo method that we called "BICME", which performs Bayesian inference in models of realistic complexity. The method is demonstrated on synthetic and real single-channel data from muscle nicotinic acetylcholine channels. We show that parameter uncertainty can be characterized more accurately than with maximum-likelihood methods. Our code for performing inference in these ion channel models is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK; CoMPLEX, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Calderhead
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mark A Girolami
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Lucia G Sivilotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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Epstein M. Comment on: The lost art of argumentation. Can Med Educ J 2017; 8:e123-e124. [PMID: 29098056 PMCID: PMC5661733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Catenacci DV, Green E, Epstein M, Jones G, Morris CD, O'Day E, Lomnicki S, Maranto M, Karrison TG, Kindler HL. Molecular profiling of advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) patients from a phase I/II study using circulating tumor DNA. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4124 Background: PC has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of 9%. Targeted therapies have yet to demonstrate improved outcomes in this disease. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) may be used as a non-invasive method for the detection and quantification of genomic abnormalities. We performed a retrospective-prospective study to assess molecular alterations in the ctDNA of advanced PC patients. Methods: Plasma samples were banked from patients enrolled in the previously reported Phase Ib/II trial of gemcitabine with placebo or vismodegib (NCT01064622; Catenacci et al JCO 2015). Eligible patients had unresectable PC and no prior therapy for metastatic disease. Patient samples ( < 3ml) collected pre-treatment and at regular intervals and stored for ~6-8 years were analyzed using InVision (enhanced tagged-amplicon sequencing) for “hotspot” regions of 34 genes, including KRAS (exons 2 and 3), and select full gene coverage. Results: Of 113 patients enrolled in the trial, a cohort of 72 patients were included in this study. Baseline plasma ctDNA profiling detected any genomic event in 88% of patients (SNV/indels found at range of 0.07%-23% allele fraction (AF) with 20% detected at < 0.5% AF). Patients had between 1-5 mutations (median, 2): KRAS mutations were detected in 80% of patients tested, of which 86% had concurrent KRAS/TP53 mutation(s) and 16% with concurrent KRAS/TP53/CDK2NA. Of note, 2 cases presented with IDH1 point mutations (R132C, R132H). An ERBB2 amplification and a FGFR2 amplification were detected in 2 individuals. An update on the analyses will include serial ctDNA testing during treatment and correlation with outcomes. Conclusions: ctDNA analysis of this cohort of banked PC plasma samples described the landscape of genomic aberrations at baseline and over time, including rare but potentially important actionable events including ERBB2 and FGFR2 amplifications and IDH1 mutation. We demonstrate a sensitive method for re-analysing trial outcomes, despite limiting plasma volume and time lapse since samples were collected.
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Fribbens CV, Garcia-Murillas I, Beaney M, Hrebien S, Howarth K, Epstein M, Rosenfeld N, Ring AE, Johnston SRD, Turner NC. Tracking evolution of aromatase inhibitor resistance with circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1015 Background: Selection of resistance mutations may play a major role in the development of endocrine resistance. ESR1 mutations are rare in primary breast cancer but have a high prevalence in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI) for advanced breast cancer. We investigated the evolution of genetic resistance to first line AI therapy using sequential ctDNA sampling in patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods: Seventy-one patients on first line AI therapy for metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in a prospective study to collect plasma samples for ctDNA analysis every three months on therapy, and at disease progression. All plasma samples were analysed with ESR1 multiplex digital PCR assays, and samples at disease progression were analysed by InVision (enhanced tagged-amplicon sequencing). Mutations were tracked back through samples prior to disease progression to study the evolution of mutations on therapy. Results: Of the 34 patients who progressed on first line AI, 53% (18/34) had ESR1 mutations detectable at progression. Sequencing of progression plasma ctDNA identified polyclonal RAS mutations in 10.7% (3/28) progressing patients (2 polyclonal KRAS, 1 monoclonal HRAS), all of whom also had ESR1 mutations, and a patient with an activating p.R248C FGFR3 mutation. ESR1 mutations were subclonal in 78.6% (11/14) patients, with all RAS mutations being rare subclones. In serial tracking prior to progression, ESR1 mutations were detectable in plasma with a median of 5.3 months (95% CI 2.9-NA) prior to clinical progression. Conclusions: ESR1 mutations are found at high frequency in patients progressing on AI, but are frequently sub-clonal and may not be the sole driver of AI resistance in these patients. Poly-clonal KRAS mutations are identified as a novel mechanism of resistance to AI, associated with detection of ESR1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Beaney
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hrebien
- Royal Marsden Hospital, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Ortiz-Cuaran S, Swalduz A, Green E, Avrillon V, Epstein M, Howarth K, Marteau S, Morris CD, Perol M, Saintigny P. Circulating tumor DNA profiling of lung cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e23060 Background: The presence of a targetable driver mutation in nearly 50% non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has enabled tailoring therapy regimens to improve survival. Serial repeat biopsies can offer an instrumental indication into the longitudinal evolution of cancer. However, tissue biopsies are invasive and can provide insufficient material for molecular testing. Mutation detection in plasma DNA as a “liquid biopsy” has been suggested as non-invasive approach to monitor tumor dynamics over time. Methods: We established an institutional protocol (NCT01511288) for the collection of liquid biopsies from stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients either untreated, under therapy or progressive on therapy with a TKI. This protocol has included 134 NSCLC patients for whom clinical, pathological and genomic information is collected prospectively. Analyses were performed by Inivata using InVision (enhanced tagged-amplicon sequencing). Results: So far, samples from 50 patients have been analyzed. InVision allowed the detection of driver mutations in 20 plasma samples obtained at diagnosis. Tissue was unavailable for molecular analysis in 8/20 samples. We observed a concordance rate in mached plasma and tissue samples, of 92,3% (n = 12). In plasma samples from patients that relapsed under erlotinib or gefitinib we evidenced the EGFR T790M mutation in 57% of patients, with a concordance rate of 90,9%. Interestingly, analysis of serial samples collected from 3 patients under EGFR-targeted therapy showed the emergence of an EGFR T790M mutation 11 weeks before the radiographic confirmation of progression (P1); differential dynamics in the allelic fractions of mutated clones that reflected the pattern of dissociated tumor response to treatment (P2) and the presence of concomitant EGFR activating and T790M mutations, together with an EGFR C797G, BRAF V600E and KRAS G12D in a patient who progressed under osimertinib (P3). Conclusions: Our preliminary results provide further evidence on the use of liquid biopsies for monitoring disease response, resistance to treatment and tumor heterogeneity. Subsequently, we will evaluate the utility of liquid biopsies in the clinical setting to understand the dynamics of mutant clones over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurelie Swalduz
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Solène Marteau
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Maurice Perol
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
| | - Hans K. Fauske
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, 9700 South Cas, Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Michael A. Grolmes
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, 9700 South Cas, Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Robert E. Henry
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, 9700 South Cas, Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Hans K. Fauske
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, 9700 South Cas, Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Zivi SM, Epstein M, Wright RW, Barghusen JJ, Cho DH, Testa FJ, Goldfuss GT, Mouring RW. An In-Pile Study of Thermal Interactions Between . High-Energy Molten UO2 Fuel and Liquid Sodium. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse75-a26737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Zivi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M. Epstein
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - R. W. Wright
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. J. Barghusen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - D. H. Cho
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - F. J. Testa
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - G. T. Goldfuss
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - R. W. Mouring
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Argonne National Laboratory, Reactor Analysis and Safety Division Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Lee SJ, Paik CY, Henry RE, Epstein M, Plys MG. Benchmark of the Heiss Dampf Reaktor E11.2 Containment Hydrogen-Mixing Experiment Using the MAAP4 Code. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt99-a2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Lee
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
| | - Chan Y. Paik
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
| | - Robert E. Henry
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
| | - Michael Epstein
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
| | - Martin G. Plys
- Fauske & Associates, Inc., 16W070 West 83rd Street Burr Ridge, Illinois 60521
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Epstein M, Fauske HK, Askonas CF, Vial MA, Paviet-Hartmann P. Thermal Stability and Safe Venting of the Tri-N-Butyl Phosphate-Nitric Acid-Water (“Red Oil”) System - II: Experimental Data on Reaction Self-Heat Rates and Gas Production and Their Correlation. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt08-a3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epstein
- Fauske & Associates, LLC, 16W070 83rd Street, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527
| | - Hans K. Fauske
- Fauske & Associates, LLC, 16W070 83rd Street, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527
| | - Charles F. Askonas
- Fauske & Associates, LLC, 16W070 83rd Street, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527
| | - Marc A. Vial
- Shaw AREVA MOX Services, LLC, Savannah River Site 730-2B, P.O. Box 7097, Aiken, South Carolina 29804-7097
| | - Patricia Paviet-Hartmann
- Idaho State University Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 1776 Science Center Drive Building 321A, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83402
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