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Rodriguez M, Hanon F, Devred F, Gaigneaux EM, Miró EE, Milt VG. Mn and Co decorated biomorphic ceria fiber catalysts for soot and benzene total oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142247. [PMID: 38705410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Mn or Co supported CeO2 fiber catalysts were synthesized following a biotemplating route and evaluated in soot combustion and benzene total oxidation. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, N2 physisorption, FTIR-ATR, XRD, RAMAN and XPS. SEM results confirmed that the "twisted ribbon" morphology of the biotemplate was mostly maintained. XRD and Raman showed that Mn and Co cations partially insert into ceria lattice and also segregate at the surface of the fibers. XPS allowed to determine that both set of catalysts exhibit Ce3+ and Ce4+ species, in addition to adsorbed and lattice oxygen. Also, the average oxidation state (AOS) of surface Mn could be calculated. Compared to bare Fib Ce, the performances for both reactions were improved for the supported catalysts, except from the catalyst with lowest Mn content for soot combustion. The catalytic activity was discussed in terms of the physicochemical features of the supported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Paster 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, INCAPE (UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F Hanon
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Paster 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - F Devred
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Paster 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E M Gaigneaux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Paster 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E E Miró
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, INCAPE (UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - V G Milt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, INCAPE (UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Zhang FW, Trackey PD, Verma V, Mandes GT, Calabro RL, Presot AW, Tsay CK, Lawton TJ, Zammit AS, Tang EM, Nguyen AQ, Munz KV, Nagelli EA, Bartolucci SF, Maurer JA, Burpo FJ. Cellulose Nanofiber-Alginate Biotemplated Cobalt Composite Multifunctional Aerogels for Energy Storage Electrodes. Gels 2023; 9:893. [PMID: 37998983 PMCID: PMC10671317 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunable porous composite materials to control metal and metal oxide functionalization, conductivity, pore structure, electrolyte mass transport, mechanical strength, specific surface area, and magneto-responsiveness are critical for a broad range of energy storage, catalysis, and sensing applications. Biotemplated transition metal composite aerogels present a materials approach to address this need. To demonstrate a solution-based synthesis method to develop cobalt and cobalt oxide aerogels for high surface area multifunctional energy storage electrodes, carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and alginate biopolymers were mixed to form hydrogels to serve as biotemplates for cobalt nanoparticle formation via the chemical reduction of cobalt salt solutions. The CNF-alginate mixture forms a physically entangled, interpenetrating hydrogel, combining the properties of both biopolymers for monolith shape and pore size control and abundant carboxyl groups that bind metal ions to facilitate biotemplating. The CNF-alginate hydrogels were equilibrated in CaCl2 and CoCl2 salt solutions for hydrogel ionic crosslinking and the prepositioning of transition metal ions, respectively. The salt equilibrated hydrogels were chemically reduced with NaBH4, rinsed, solvent exchanged in ethanol, and supercritically dried with CO2 to form aerogels with a specific surface area of 228 m2/g. The resulting aerogels were pyrolyzed in N2 gas and thermally annealed in air to form Co and Co3O4 porous composite electrodes, respectively. The multifunctional composite aerogel's mechanical, magnetic, and electrochemical functionality was characterized. The coercivity and specific magnetic saturation of the pyrolyzed aerogels were 312 Oe and 114 emu/gCo, respectively. The elastic moduli of the supercritically dried, pyrolyzed, and thermally oxidized aerogels were 0.58, 1.1, and 14.3 MPa, respectively. The electrochemical testing of the pyrolyzed and thermally oxidized aerogels in 1 M KOH resulted in specific capacitances of 650 F/g and 349 F/g, respectively. The rapidly synthesized, low-cost, hydrogel-based synthesis for tunable transition metal multifunctional composite aerogels is envisioned for a wide range of porous metal electrodes to address energy storage, catalysis, and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felita W. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Paul D. Trackey
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Vani Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Galen T. Mandes
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Rosemary L. Calabro
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Armaments Center, Watervliet Arsenal, NY 12189, USA; (S.F.B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Anthony W. Presot
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Claire K. Tsay
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Timothy J. Lawton
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Alexa S. Zammit
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Edward M. Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Andrew Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Kennedy V. Munz
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
| | - Enoch A. Nagelli
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
- Photonics Research Center, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Stephen F. Bartolucci
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Armaments Center, Watervliet Arsenal, NY 12189, USA; (S.F.B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Joshua A. Maurer
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Armaments Center, Watervliet Arsenal, NY 12189, USA; (S.F.B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - F. John Burpo
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (F.W.Z.); (P.D.T.); (V.V.); (G.T.M.); (R.L.C.); (A.W.P.); (C.K.T.); (A.S.Z.); (E.M.T.); (A.Q.N.); (K.V.M.); (E.A.N.)
- Photonics Research Center, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
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Sadiq MU, Shah A, Haleem A, Shah SM, Shah I. Eucalyptus globulus Mediated Green Synthesis of Environmentally Benign Metal Based Nanostructures: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2019. [PMID: 37446535 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The progress in nanotechnology has effectively tackled and overcome numerous global issues, including climate change, environmental contamination, and various lethal diseases. The nanostructures being a vital part of nanotechnology have been synthesized employing different physicochemical methods. However, these methods are expensive, polluting, eco-unfriendly, and produce toxic byproducts. Green chemistry having exceptional attributes, such as cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, higher stability, environment friendliness, ability to control size and shape, and superior performance, has emerged as a promising alternative to address the drawbacks of conventional approaches. Plant extracts are recognized as the best option for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles due to adherence to the environmentally benign route and sustainability agenda 2030 of the United Nations. In recent decades, phytosynthesized nanoparticles have gained much attention for different scientific applications. Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum) is an evergreen plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, which is the targeted point of this review article. Herein, we mainly focus on the fabrication of nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, lead oxide, nickel oxide, gold, silver, and zirconium oxide, by utilizing Eucalyptus globulus extract and its essential oils. This review article aims to provide an overview of the synthesis, characterization results, and biomedical applications of nanoparticles synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus. The present study will be a better contribution to the readers and the students of environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Syed Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Piszter G, Nagy G, Kertész K, Baji Z, Kovács K, Bálint Z, Horváth ZE, Pap JS, Biró LP. Investigating the Effect of Reflectance Tuning on Photocatalytic Dye Degradation with Biotemplated ZnO Photonic Nanoarchitectures Based on Morpho Butterfly Wings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093584. [PMID: 37176465 PMCID: PMC10179795 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photonic nanoarchitectures of butterfly wings can serve as biotemplates to prepare semiconductor thin films of ZnO by atomic layer deposition. The resulting biotemplated ZnO nanoarchitecture preserves the structural and optical properties of the natural system, while it will also have the features of the functional material. The ZnO-coated wings can be used directly in heterogeneous photocatalysis to decompose pollutants dissolved in water upon visible light illumination. We used the photonic nanoarchitectures of different Morpho butterflies with different structural colors as biotemplates and examined the dependence of decomposition rates of methyl orange and rhodamine B dyes on the structural color of the biotemplates and the thickness of the ZnO coating. Using methyl orange, we measured a ten-fold increase in photodegradation rate when the 20 nm ZnO-coated wings were compared to similarly coated glass substrates. Using rhodamine B, a saturating relationship was found between the degradation rate and the thickness of the deposited ZnO on butterfly wings. We concluded that the enhancement of the catalytic efficiency can be attributed to the slow light effect due to a spectral overlap between the ZnO-coated Morpho butterfly wings reflectance with the absorption band of dyes, thus the photocatalytic performance could be changed by the tuning of the structural color of the butterfly biotemplates. The photodegradation mechanism of the dyes was investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Piszter
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kertész
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Baji
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bálint
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 13 Baross St., 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Endre Horváth
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Sándor Pap
- Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Péter Biró
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos St., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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Joy F, Devasia J, Nizam A, Lakshmaiah VV, Krishna SBN. Fungi-Templated Silver Nanoparticle Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:2158. [DOI: 10.3390/app13042158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of nanoparticles on living bio-templates is a promising synthetic methodology adopted for synthesizing nano/microstructures with high efficiency. Therefore, the method of bio-templating offers various advantages in controlling the geometries of nano/microstructures, thereby increasing the efficiency of the synthesized material towards various functional applications. Herein, we utilized a filamentous fungus (Sclerotium rolfsii) as a soft bio-template to generate silver nanoparticle (AgNP) microtubules adhering to the fungal hyphae. The resulting composite combines the unique properties of silver nanoparticles with the biological activity of the fungi. The 3D fungal hyphae–silver nanoparticle (FH-AgNP) composite was characterized using SEM, elemental analysis, and the X-ray diffraction technique. Additionally, to highlight the functional application of the synthesized composite, dye degradation studies of methylene blue under visible light was effectuated, and a percentage degradation of 67.86% was obtained within 60 min, which highlights the potent catalytic activity of FH-AgNPs in dye degradation. Further, the antibacterial study of the composite was carried out against the bacterium Escherichia coli, and it was found that 200 μg of the composite exhibited maximum antibacterial properties against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Overall, fungi-templated silver nanoparticle composites are a promising area of research due to their combination of biological activity and unique physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Joy
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Jyothis Devasia
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Aatika Nizam
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Korina E, Abramyan A, Bol’shakov O, Avdin VV, Savić S, Manojlović D, Stanković V, Stanković DM. Microspherical Titanium-Phosphorus Double Oxide: Hierarchical Structure Development for Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:933. [PMID: 36679729 PMCID: PMC9866106 DOI: 10.3390/s23020933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stable, water-soluble titanium complexed with mandelic acid was used as a precursor for titanium phosphorus double oxide obtained in hydrothermal conditions in the presence of phosphoric acid. Surprisingly, hydrolysis of organic complexes provided a microstructured sphere with narrow size distribution, low aggregation and a small fraction of morphological irregularities. Obtained microspheres had a complex structure comprised of flakes, whose size could be manipulated with temperature conditions. Samples were found to be electrochemically active against sulcotrione, a well-recognized herbicide. Electrochemical sensors based on the synthesized microspheres were successfully adapted for natural water reservoir analysis and exhibited low levels of detection of 0.61 µM, limit of quantification of 1.86 µM, wide dynamic linear range from 2 to 200 µM, good selectivity, excellent reproducibility and in-time stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Korina
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Anton Abramyan
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Bol’shakov
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Avdin
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Sladjana Savić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stanković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dalibor M. Stanković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu–Mn mixed oxides are well known as active combustion catalysts. The common method for their synthesis is based on co-precipitation, with NaOH as a precipitant, and is burdened with the possibility of introducing undesired Na contamination. This work describes the use of two organic bases, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and choline hydroxide, as precipitating agents in a novel alkali-free route for Cu–Mn–Al catalyst synthesis. To obtain fine crystalline precursors, which are considered advantageous for the preparation of active catalysts, co-precipitation was carried out in the presence of starch gel. Reference materials prepared with NaOH in the absence of starch were also obtained. Mixed oxides were produced by calcination at 450 °C. The precursors contained MnCO3 doped with Cu and Al, and an admixture of amorphous phases. Those prepared in the presence of starch were less crystalline and retained biopolymer residues. The combustion of these residues during calcination enhanced the formation of larger amounts of the Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel phase, with better crystallinity in comparison to catalysts prepared from conventionally synthesized precursors. Tests of toluene combustion demonstrated that the catalysts prepared with starch performed better than those obtained in starch-free syntheses, and that the mixed oxides obtained by the alkali-free route were more active than catalysts prepared with NaOH. Catalytic data are discussed in terms of property–performance relationships.
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A critical review in the features and application of photocatalysts in wastewater treatment. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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