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Hassan SH, Attia NK, El Diwani GI, Amin SK, Ettouney RS, El-Rifai MA. Catalytic hydrocracking of jatropha oil over natural clay for bio-jet fuel production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13419. [PMID: 37591919 PMCID: PMC10435494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the conversion of biomass to produce high-valued biofuels such as biodiesel and bio-jet fuel has attached booming interests, when used for partial replacement of petroleum fuels in different ratios is a promising solution due to the problem of depleting petroleum reserves and environmental purposes. Non-edible Jatropha oil can be transformed to biofuel when subjected to were hydrocracking at hydrogen pressure using an activated natural clay as a catalyst in a high pressure batch reactor. The type of product and its quality and quantity depend on the process conditions such as reaction time, temperature, and catalyst type, form, and amount. The present work aims to study the hydrocracking process of Jatropha oil at different operating conditions. The catalyst is characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRF, and XRD. The effect of process conditions variation have been studied and discussed. The results showed the highest yield of 40% bio-jet fuel was achieved at a temperature of 350 °C, H2 pressure of 4 bar, and reaction time of 18 min. the bio-jet fuel products were tested and their specifications were conformed to ASTM D1655 specifications, viz the freezing point (-56 °C), the flash point (53 °C), and existent gum content (5.9 mg/100 ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hassan
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - N K Attia
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G I El Diwani
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sh K Amin
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R S Ettouney
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M A El-Rifai
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Bimetallic Lanthanum-Cerium-Loaded HZSM-5 Composite for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Microalgae-Hydrolyzed Oil into Green Hydrocarbon Fuels. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228018. [PMID: 36432121 PMCID: PMC9697213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high lipid content, microalgae are one of the most significant sources of green hydrocarbons, which might help lessen the world's need for fossil fuels. Many zeolite-based catalysts are quickly deactivated by coke production and have a short lifetime. In this study, a bimetallic Lanthanum-Cerium (La-Ce)-modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was synthesized through an impregnation method and was tested for the conversion of hydrolyzed oil into oxygen-free hydrocarbon fuels of high energy content. Initially, hydrolyzed oil (HO), the byproduct of the transesterification process, was obtained by the reaction of crude oil derived from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and a methanol. Various catalysts were produced, screened, and evaluated for their ability to convert algal HO into hydrocarbons and other valuable compounds in a batch reactor. The performance of HZSM-5 was systematically tested in view of La-Ce loaded on conversion, yield, and selectivity. NH3-TPD analysis showed that the total acidity of the La-Ce-modified zeolites was lower than that of the pure HZSM-5 catalyst. TGA testing revealed that including the rare earth elements La and Ce in the HZSM-5 catalyst lowered the catalyst propensity for producing coke deposits. The acid sites necessary for algal HO conversion were improved by putting La and Ce into HZSM-5 zeolite at various loading percentages. The maximum hydrocarbon yield (42.963%), the highest HHV (34.362 MJ/Kg), and the highest DOD% (62.191%) were all achieved by the (7.5%La-2.5%Ce)/HZSM-5 catalyst, which was synthesized in this work. For comparison, the hydrocarbon yield for the parent HZSM-5 was 21.838%, the HHV was (33.230 MJ/Kg), and the DOD% was 44.235%. In conclusion, La and Ce-loading on the parent HZSM-5 may be responsible for the observed alterations in textural properties; nevertheless, there is no clear correlation between the physical features and the hydrocarbon yield (%). The principal effect of La and Ce modifying the parent HZSM-5 zeolite was to modify the acidic sites needed to enhance the conversion (%) of the algal HO during the catalytic deoxygenation process, which in turn raised the hydrocarbon yield (%) and increased the HHV and DOD%.
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Ce-Loaded HZSM-5 Composite for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Algal Hydrolyzed Oil into Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217251. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research into the catalytic uses of zeolite-based catalysts, these catalysts have a limited useful lifetime because of the deactivating effect of coke production. This study looks at the use of Cerium (Ce) loaded HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts in the hydrocarbon and oxygenated chemical conversion from Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae crude oil. Characterization of structure, morphology, and crystallinity was performed after the catalysts were manufactured using the impregnation technique. Soxhlet extraction was carried out to extract the crude oil of microalgae. Transesterification reaction was used to produce algal hydrolyzed oil (HO), and the resulting HO was put to use in a batch reactor at 300 °C, 1000 rpm, 7 bars of nitrogen pressure, a catalyst to the algal HO ratio of 15% (wt. %), and a retention time of 6 h. To determine which Ce-loaded HZSM-5 catalysts would be most effective in converting algal HO into non-oxygenated molecules (hydrocarbons), we conducted a series of tests. Liquid product characteristics were analyzed for elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), atomic ratios of O/C and H/C, and degree of deoxygenation (DOD%). Results were categorized into three groups: product yield, chemical composition, and carbon number distribution. When Cerium was added to HZSM-5 zeolite at varying loading percentages, the zeolite’s acid sites became more effective in facilitating the algal HO conversion. The results showed that 10%Ce/HZSM-5 had the greatest conversion of the algal HO, the yield of hydrocarbons, HHV, and DOD% (98.2%, 30%, 34.05 MJ/Kg, and 51.44%, respectively) among all the synthesized catalysts in this research. In conclusion, the physical changes seen in the textural characteristics may be attributed to Cerium-loading on the parent HZSM-5; nevertheless, there is no direct association between the physical features and the hydrocarbons yield (%). The primary impact of Cerium alteration of the parent HZSM-5 zeolite was to change the acidic sites required to boost the conversion (%) of the algal HO in the catalytic deoxygenation process, which in turn increased the hydrocarbons yield (%), which in turn increased the HHV and DOD%.
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Sales MB, Borges PT, Ribeiro Filho MN, Miranda da Silva LR, Castro AP, Sanders Lopes AA, Chaves de Lima RK, de Sousa Rios MA, dos Santos JCS. Sustainable Feedstocks and Challenges in Biodiesel Production: An Advanced Bibliometric Analysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100539. [PMID: 36290507 PMCID: PMC9598810 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, frying oils, and from microorganism-synthesized oils. These sources render biodiesel an easily biodegradable fuel. The aim of this work was to perform an advanced bibliometric analysis of primary studies relating to biodiesel production worldwide by identifying the key countries and regions that have shown a strong engagement in this area, and by understanding the dynamics of their collaboration and research outputs. Additionally, an assessment of the main primary feedstocks employed in this research was carried out, along with an analysis of the current and future trends that are expected to define new paths and methodologies to be used in the manufacture of biodegradable and renewable fuels. A total of 4586 academic outputs were selected, including peer-reviewed research articles, conference papers, and literature reviews related to biodiesel production, in the time period spanning from 2010 to 2021. Articles that focused on feedstocks for the production of biodiesel were also included, with a search that returned 330 papers. Lastly, 60 articles relating to biodiesel production via sewage were specifically included to allow for an analysis of this source as a promising feedstock in the future of the biofuel market. Via the geocoding and the document analyses performed, we concluded that China, Malaysia, and India are the largest writers of articles in this area, revealing a great interest in biofuels in Asia. Additionally, it was noted that environmental concerns have caused authors to conduct research on feedstocks that can address the sustainability challenges in the production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misael B. Sales
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro T. Borges
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Nazareno Ribeiro Filho
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Régia Miranda da Silva
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Alyne P. Castro
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Grupo de Inovações Tecnológicas e Especialidades Químicas—GRINTEQUI, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Bloco 715, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza 60440554, CE, Brazil
| | - Ada Amelia Sanders Lopes
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Rita Karolinny Chaves de Lima
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Alexsandra de Sousa Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Grupo de Inovações Tecnológicas e Especialidades Químicas—GRINTEQUI, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Bloco 715, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza 60440554, CE, Brazil
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Ramesh A, Ali BM, Manigandan R, Da CT, Nguyen-Le MT. Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1, 2-propanediol on MgO/Ni3C catalysts fabricated by a solid-state thermal synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Pratiwi RG, Wantala K. Hydro-conversion of palm oil via continuously pyrolytic catalysis to biofuels over oxide-based catalyst derived from waste blood clamshell: Effect of magnesium contents. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by electric and/or hydrogen engines. However, apart from the strategic and logistical difficulties associated with this change, the application of electric or hydrogen engines in heavy transport, e.g., trucks, shipping, and aircrafts, also presents technological difficulties in the short-medium term. In addition, the replacement of the current car fleet will take decades. This is why the use of biofuels is presented as the only viable alternative to diminishing CO2 emissions in the very near future. Nowadays, it is assumed that vegetable oils will be the main raw material for replacing fossil fuels in diesel engines. In this context, it has also been assumed that the reduction in the viscosity of straight vegetable oils (SVO) must be performed through a transesterification reaction with methanol in order to obtain the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that constitute biodiesel. Nevertheless, the complexity in the industrial production of this biofuel, mainly due to the costs of eliminating the glycerol produced, has caused a significant delay in the energy transition. For this reason, several advanced biofuels that avoid the glycerol production and exhibit similar properties to fossil diesel have been developed. In this way, “green diesels” have emerged as products of different processes, such as the cracking or pyrolysis of vegetable oil, as well as catalytic (hydro)cracking. In addition, some biodiesel-like biofuels, such as Gliperol (DMC-Biod) or Ecodiesel, as well as straight vegetable oils, in blends with plant-based sources with low viscosity have been described as renewable biofuels capable of performing in combustion ignition engines. After evaluating the research carried out in the last decades, it can be concluded that green diesel and biodiesel-like biofuels could constitute the main alternative to addressing the energy transition, although green diesel will be the principal option in aviation fuel.
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(Co/Zn) Al 2O 4 nano catalyst for waste cooking oil catalytic cracking. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6667. [PMID: 35461338 PMCID: PMC9035183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work investigated the preparation of Nano-particles of Co/Zn Al2O4 as a catalyst via co-precipitation method. Several analyses, including BET, XRD, HRTEM, EDX, SEM, and FTIR, were used to characterize it. The analysis revealed that the prepared catalyst had an average surface area of 69.20 m2/g, a cross-sectional area of 16.2 m2/molecule, an average particle size of approximately 28 nm, and a pore size of 0.22 cm3/g. The prepared catalyst was used in a bio fuel synthesis process via thermo-catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil (WCO) in a single step batch reactor. Catalyst loading was tested with different weight percentage of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The pilot study revealed that the best conditions for optimizing bio jet fuel yield were 400 °C, a catalyst loading of 2%, and a reaction time of 30 min.The optimal cut-off from the distillation process of crude liquid bio fuel product which represents a fraction of bio-jet fuel was in the range from 150 to 240 °C.
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Mohammed ST, Hamad KI, Gheni SA, Aqar DY, Ahmed SM, Mahmood MA, Ceylan S, Abdullah GH. Enhancement of stability of Pd/AC deoxygenation catalyst for hydrothermal production of green diesel fuel from waste cooking oil. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Ramesh A, Shanthi K, Nguyen-Le MT. NiMoS over Ti-incorporated mesoporous silicates for the hydrotreating of non-edible oils to bio-jet fuels. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Green Diesel Production by Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Vegetables Oils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413041. [PMID: 34948645 PMCID: PMC8700882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-renewable fossil fuels and the air pollution associated with their combustion have made it necessary to develop fuels that are environmentally friendly and produced from renewable sources. In addition, global warming and climate change have brought to the attention of many countries the need to develop programs and reforms, such as the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations and the European Green Deal, that finance and promote the conversion of all socio-economic activities in favor of sustainable and environmentally friendly development. These major projects include the development of non-polluting biofuels derived from renewable sources. Vegetable oils are a renewable source widely used to produce biofuels due to their high energy density and similar chemical composition to petroleum derivatives, making them the perfect feedstock for biofuel production. Green diesel and other hydrocarbon biofuels, obtained by the catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oils, represent a sustainable alternative to mineral diesel, as they have physico-chemical properties similar to derived oil fuels. The catalyst, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and the type of vegetable oil can influence the type of biofuel obtained and its properties. The main aspects discussed in this review include the influence of the catalyst and reaction conditions on the catalytic deoxygenation reaction.
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12
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Naji SZ, Tye CT, Abd AA. State of the art of vegetable oil transformation into biofuels using catalytic cracking technology: Recent trends and future perspectives. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Angajala G, Aruna V, Subashini R. Visible light induced nano copper catalyzed one pot synthesis of novel quinoline bejeweled thiobarbiturates as potential hypoglycemic agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Angajala
- Department of Chemistry Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamilnadu India
| | - Valmiki Aruna
- Department of Chemistry Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamilnadu India
| | - Radhakrishnan Subashini
- Department of Chemistry Arignar Anna Government Arts College for women Walajapet, Vellore Tamilnadu India
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Recent advances in the catalytic deoxygenation of plant oils and prototypical fatty acid models compounds: Catalysis, process, and kinetics. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bangjang T, Kaewchada A, Jaree A. Hydroprocessing of palm oil using Rh/
HZSM
‐5 for the production of biojet fuel in a fixed bed reactor. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thapanee Bangjang
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Amaraporn Kaewchada
- Department of Agro‐Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | - Attasak Jaree
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Thangadurai T, Tye CT. Acidity and basicity of metal oxide-based catalysts in catalytic cracking of vegetable oil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Biodiesel Synthesis Catalyzed by Radiation-Induced Kenaf Catalyst in Packed-Bed Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, continuous transesterification of refined palm oil by using radiation-induced kenaf denoted as anion exchange kenaf catalyst in a packed-bed reactor was developed. The application of full factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used to design the process and analyzed the effect of reactor operating variables such as packed bed height, the molar ratio of oil to ethanol and volumetric flow rate on the production of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). The statistical analysis results showed that all three operating parameters affect the reaction efficiency significantly. The optimum conditions were determined to be 9.81 cm packed bed height, a molar ratio at 1:50, and a volumetric flow rate of 0.38 mL min−1. Three tests were carried out to verify the optimum combination of process parameters. The predicted and actual values of molar conversion fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) molar conversion were 97.29% and 96.87%, respectively. The reusability of kenaf fiber-based catalysts is discussed with a specially highlighted on fiber dissolution, leaching, and fouling. Nevertheless, the impurities absorption properties of anion exchange kenaf catalyst towards biodiesel production could eventually simplify the biodiesel purification steps and cost. In sum, anion exchange kenaf catalyst shows the potential commercial applications to transesterification of FAEE in a packed-bed reactor.
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Liu J, Li Y, He J, Wang L, Lei J, Rong L. Ni-Based Non-Sulfided Inexpensive Catalysts for Hydrocracking/ Hydrotreating of Jatropha Oil. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190122164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional hydrocracking catalysts generally to retain their active form. However, sulfuration
may cause sulfur dioxide emissions, corrosion, and sulfur residue in products, as plant oils
become freed of sulfur compounds. The high price of this noble metal also limits industrial applications.
Therefore, non-sulfided catalysts can eliminate the presulfurization step and mitigate sulfiderelated
threats on both the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to review current
developments in the species and application of inexpensive non-sulfided catalysts for the hydrocracking
of non-edible Jatropha curcas L. oil. This mini-review predominantly concerns Nibased
catalysts supported by rare-earth metals or heteropoly acid. These catalysts were used in the
hydrotreating or hydrocracking of Jatropha oil to produce green diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiandu Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Long Rong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Enhancement of HDO Activity of MoP/SiO2 Catalyst in Physical Mixture with Alumina or Zeolites. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic properties of physical mixture of MoP/SiO2 catalyst with SiC, γ-Al2O3, SAPO-11 and zeolite β have been compared in hydrodeoxygenation of methyl palmitate (MP). MoP/SiO2 catalyst (11.5 wt% of Mo, Mo/P = 1) was synthesized using TPR method and characterized with N2 physisorption, elemental analysis, H2-TPR, XRD and TEM. Trickle-bed reactor was used for catalytic properties investigation at hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa, and 290 °C. The conversions of MP and overall oxygen-containing compounds have been increased significantly (from 59 to about 100%) when γ-Al2O3 or zeolite materials were used instead of inert SiC. MP can be converted to palmitic acid through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis along with metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis, and as a consequence the addition of material possessing acid sites to MoP/SiO2 catalyst could lead to acceleration of MP hydrodeoxygenation through acid-catalyzed reactions. Isomerization and cracking of alkane were observed over the physical mixture of MoP/SiO2 with zeolites, but the selectivity of MP conversion trough the HDO reaction route is remained on the high level exceeding 90%.
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Abstract
The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.
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Rincón LA, Cadavid JG, Orjuela A. Used cooking oils as potential oleochemical feedstock for urban biorefineries - Study case in Bogota, Colombia. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 88:200-210. [PMID: 31079632 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on assessing the potential for the exploitation of used cooking oils (UCOs) as oleochemical feedstock for urban biorefineries. The study case was developed for the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Initially, and according to data from major fats and oils distributors, market information, and public databases, it was estimated that total annual generation of UCOs in Colombia is about 225,000 t, with a per capita of ca. 5 kg/person/yr. Correspondingly, UCOs generation in Bogotá was estimated in at least 45,000 t/yr., with a major generation occurring at Household and HORECA (Hotels, Restaurants and Catering) segments. Specifically in HORECA, fast food restaurants (in particular those of hamburger and chicken) were identified as the main UCOs generators with a suitable supply for industrial exploitation. Then, UCOs samples from this segment of restaurants were subjected to physicochemical characterization by determination of density, volatile matter content, acid value, color, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value, and content of total polar compounds. The properties associated with the degree of degradation of the oil showed a large variation, even among samples from the same origin. This heterogeneity indicates the need for a pre-treatment process before its reuse. Despite the heterogeneity of the samples, density, iodine value, and saponification value showed slight changes among the different restaurants, largely depending on the nature of the processed cooking oil rather than on the cooking conditions. The collected UCOs showed iodine values and saponification indexes ranging between 80 and 119 g I2/100 g, and 178-201 mg KOH/g, respectively. This indicates that after a suitable purification, UCOs could be used as raw material for a variety of high value oleochemicals. Finally, based upon market data, and to boost further studies, some promissory value-added derivatives are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A Rincón
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan G Cadavid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alvaro Orjuela
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
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Ouyang Q, Yao J, Yang N, Wang Y, Yao M, Liu X. 0.7 wt% Pt/beta-Al2O3 as a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of FAMEs to diesel-range alkanes. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Engel J, Francis S, Roldan A. The influence of support materials on the structural and electronic properties of gold nanoparticles – a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19011-19025. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of commonly used support materials (MgO, C, CeO2) on small gold particles using dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D).
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Přech J, Pizarro P, Serrano DP, Čejka J. From 3D to 2D zeolite catalytic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8263-8306. [PMID: 30167621 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research activities and recent developments in the area of three-dimensional zeolites and their two-dimensional analogues are reviewed. Zeolites are the most important industrial heterogeneous catalysts with numerous applications. However, they suffer from limited pore sizes not allowing penetration of sterically demanding molecules to their channel systems and to active sites. We briefly highlight here the synthesis, properties and catalytic potential of three-dimensional zeolites followed by a discussion of hierarchical zeolites combining micro- and mesoporosity. The final part is devoted to two-dimensional analogues developed recently. Novel bottom-up and top-down synthetic approaches for two-dimensional zeolites, their properties, and catalytic performances are thoroughly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Přech
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Support Effect on the Performance of Ni2P Catalysts in the Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Palmitate. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of support nature, SiO2 and γ-Al2O3, on physicochemical and catalytic properties of nickel phosphide catalysts in methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) has been considered. Firstly, alumina-supported nickel phosphide catalysts prepared by temperature-programmed reduction method starting from different precursors (phosphate–Ni(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 or phosphite–Ni(OH)2 and H3PO3) were compared using elemental analysis, N2 physisorption, H2-TPR, XRD, TEM, NH3-TPD, 27Al and 31P MAS NMR techniques and catalytic experiments. The mixture of nickel phosphide phases was produced from phosphate precursor on alumina while using of phosphite precursor provides Ni2P formation with the higher activity in methyl palmitate HDO. Besides, the comparative study of the performances of Ni2P/SiO2 and Ni2P/Al2O3 catalysts demonstrates the apparent superiority of alumina-supported Ni2P in the methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation. Considering the tentative scheme of methyl palmitate transformation, we proposed that cooperation of Ni2P and acid sites on the surface of alumina provides the enhanced activity of alumina-supported Ni2P through the acceleration of acid-catalysed hydrolysis.
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New trends in improving gasoline quality and octane through naphtha isomerization: a short review. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-018-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Isolation, Characterization, and Environmental Application of Bio-Based Materials as Auxiliaries in Photocatalytic Processes. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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28
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Catalytic Deoxygenation of Hexadecyl Palmitate as a Model Compound of Euglena Oil in H2 and N2 Atmospheres. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Serrano DP, Melero JA, Morales G, Iglesias J, Pizarro P. Progress in the design of zeolite catalysts for biomass conversion into biofuels and bio-based chemicals. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2017.1389109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Serrano
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Melero
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Iglesias
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pizarro
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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