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Grifasi N, Deorsola FA, Fino D, Piumetti M. Mesoporous TiO 2 and Fe-containing TiO 2 prepared by solution combustion synthesis as catalysts for the photodegradation of paracetamol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36861-36881. [PMID: 38758438 PMCID: PMC11182819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution due to emerging contaminants, e.g., pharmaceuticals, is one of the most frequently discussed issues. Among them, paracetamol received great attention due to its physico-chemical properties, persistence, and adverse environmental effects. Different techniques were employed for its degradation and, among them, photodegradation is considered one of the most suitable to pursue the aim. This work aimed to synthesize mesoporous TiO2, even with the presence of iron, through a one-pot method, with an enhanced ability to abate paracetamol. Precisely, pure and iron-containing (3.5 wt%) TiO2 were successfully obtained employing an uncommon procedure for this kind of material, mainly solution combustion synthesis (SCS). Moreover, a traditional hydrothermal method and a commercial Degussa P25 were also investigated for comparison purposes. The samples were characterized through N2-physisorption at - 196 °C, XRD, XPS, EDX, DR UV-Vis, and FESEM analysis. The catalytic activity was investigated for the abatement of 10 ppm of paracetamol, under UV irradiation in acidic conditions (pH = 3) and in the presence of H2O2. As a whole, the best-performing catalysts were those obtained through the SCS procedure, highlighting a complete removal of the organic pollutant after 1 h in the case of Fe/TiO2_SCS, thanks to its highly defective structure and the presence of metal Fe. To better investigate the performance of both pure and Fe-containing SCS samples, further oxidation tests were performed at pH = 7 and in the absence of H2O2. Noteworthy, in these conditions, the two samples exhibited different behaviors, highlighting different mechanisms depending on the presence or absence of iron in the structure. Finally, a kinetic study was conducted, demonstrating that a first order is suitable for its abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Grifasi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Alessandro Deorsola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Piumetti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
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Gervasi S, Blangetti N, Freyria FS, Guastella S, Bonelli B. Undoped and Fe-Doped Anatase/Brookite TiO2 Mixed Phases, Obtained by a Simple Template-Free Synthesis Method: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity towards Simazine Degradation. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, Fe-doping (0.05, 1.0, and 2.5 wt.% Fe) was performed on a high-surface-area anatase/brookite TiO2 by adopting a simple template-free sol-gel synthesis followed by calcination at a mild temperature. The powders’ textural and surface properties were characterized by following a multi-technique approach. XRD analysis showed that the anatase/brookite ratio slightly varied in the Fe-doped TiO2 (from 76.9/23.1 to 79.3/22.7); Fe doping noticeably affected the cell volume of the brookite phase, which decreased, likely due to Fe3+ ions occupying interstitial positions, and retarded the crystallite growth. N2 sorption at −196 °C showed the occurrence of samples with disordered interparticle mesopores, with an increase in the specific surface area from 236 m2 g−1 (undoped TiO2) to 263 m2 g−1 (2.5 wt.% Fe). Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a progressive decrease in the bandgap energy from 3.10 eV (undoped TiO2) to 2.85 eV (2.5 wt.% Fe). XPS analysis showed the presence of some surface Fe species only at 2.5 wt.% Fe, and accordingly, the ζ-potential measurements showed small changes in the pH at the isoelectric point. The photocatalytic degradation of simazine (a persistent water contaminant) both under UV and simulated solar light was performed as a probe reaction. Under UV light, Fe-doping improved simazine degradation in the sample at 0.05 wt.% Fe, capable of degrading ca. 77% simazine. Interestingly, the undoped TiO2 was also active both under UV and 1 SUN. This is likely due to the occurrence of anatase/brookite heterojunctions, which help stabilize the photogenerated electrons/holes.
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol under Simulated Sunlight by Four TiO2 Commercial Powders: An Insight into the Performance of Two Sub-Micrometric Anatase and Rutile Powders and a Nanometric Brookite Powder. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of the emerging contaminant paracetamol in aqueous solution has been studied under 1 SUN (~1000 W m−2) in the presence of four commercial TiO2 powders, namely sub-micrometric anatase and rutile, and nanometric brookite and P25 (the popular anatase/rutile mixture used as a benchmark in most papers). The rutile powder showed low activity, whereas, interestingly, the anatase and the brookite powders outperformed P25 in terms of total paracetamol conversion to carboxylic acids, which, according to the literature, are the final products of its degradation. To explain such results, the physicochemical properties of the powders were studied by applying a multi-technique approach. Among the physicochemical properties usually affecting the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, the presence of some surface impurities likely deriving from K3PO4 (used as crystallization agent) was found to significantly affect the percentage of paracetamol degradation obtained with the sub-micrometric anatase powder. To confirm the role of phosphate, a sample of anatase, obtained by a lab synthesis procedure and having a “clean” surface, was used as a control, though characterized by nanometric particles and higher surface area. The sample was less active than the commercial anatase, but it was more active after impregnation with K3PO4. Conversely, the presence of Cl at the surface of the rutile did not sizably affect the (overall poor) photocatalytic activity of the powder. The remarkable photocatalytic activity of the brookite nanometric powder was ascribed to a combination of several physicochemical properties, including its band structure and nanoparticles size.
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Sharma S, Qadir I, Atri AK, Singh S, Manhas U, Singh D. Solvent-Free Combustion-Assisted Synthesis of LaFe 0.5Cr 0.5O 3 Nanostructures for Excellent Photocatalytic Performance toward Water Decontamination: The Effect of Fuel on Structural, Magnetic, and Photocatalytic Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:555-570. [PMID: 36643435 PMCID: PMC9835188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the synthesis of nanocrystalline LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 via a solvent-free combustion method using glycine, poly(vinyl alcohol), and urea as fuels, with superior photocatalytic activity. Rietveld refinement and powder X-ray diffraction data of nanomaterials demonstrate the existence of an orthorhombic phase that corresponds to the Pbnm space group. The crystallite size of nanoperovskite samples lies in the range of 20.9-36.4 nm. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 fabricated using urea is found to be higher than that of the samples prepared using other fuels. The magnetic measurements of all samples done using a SQUID magnetometer showed a dominant antiferromagnetic character along with some weak ferromagnetic interactions. The optical band gap of all nanosamples lies in the visible range (2-2.6 eV), making them suitable photocatalysts in visible light. Their use as a photocatalyst for the degradation of the rhodamine B dye (model pollutant) is studied, and it has been observed that the catalyst fabricated using urea shows excellent degradation efficiency for rhodamine B, i.e., 99% in 60 min, with high reusability up to five runs. Additionally, the degradation of other organic dyes such as methylene blue, methyl orange, and a mixture of these dyes (rhodamine B + methylene blue + methyl orange) is also investigated with the most active photocatalyst, i.e., LFCO-U, to check its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu180006, India
| | - Irfan Qadir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu180006, India
| | - Amit Kumar Atri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu180006, India
| | - Sumit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu180006, India
| | - Ujwal Manhas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu180006, India
| | - Devinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu180006, India
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Mancuso A, Blangetti N, Sacco O, Freyria FS, Bonelli B, Esposito S, Sannino D, Vaiano V. Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye under Visible Light by Fe-Doped TiO 2 Prepared by Reverse-Micelle Sol-Gel Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020270. [PMID: 36678023 PMCID: PMC9861999 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A reverse-micelle sol-gel method was chosen for the preparation of Fe-doped TiO2 samples that were employed in the photodegradation of the crystal violet dye under visible light irradiation in a batch reactor. The dopant amount was varied to assess the optimal photocatalyst composition towards the target dye degradation. The photocatalysts were characterized through a multi-technique approach, envisaging XRPD and QPA as obtained by Rietveld refinement, FE-SEM analysis, DR UV-vis spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms measurement at -196 °C, ζ-potential measurement, and XPS analysis. The physical-chemical characterization showed that the adopted synthesis method allows obtaining NPs with uniform shape and size and promotes the introduction of Fe into the titania matrix, finally affecting the relative amounts of the three occurring polymorphs of TiO2 (anatase, rutile and brookite). By increasing the Fe content, the band gap energy decreases from 3.13 eV (with undoped TiO2) to 2.65 eV (with both 2.5 and 3.5 wt.% nominal Fe contents). At higher Fe content, surface Fe oxo-hydroxide species occur, as shown by DR UV-vis and XP spectroscopies. All the Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were active in the degradation and mineralization of the target dye, showing a TOC removal higher than the undoped sample. The photoactivity under visible light was ascribed both to the band-gap reduction (as confirmed by phenol photodegradation) and to dye sensitization of the photocatalyst surface (as confirmed by photocatalytic tests carried out using different visible-emission spectra LEDs). The main reactive species involved in the dye degradation were determined to be positive holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Mancuso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nicola Blangetti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino Politecnico, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Olga Sacco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesca Stefania Freyria
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino Politecnico, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino Politecnico, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre PolitoBIOMed Lab., Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Esposito
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino Politecnico, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Sannino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Dosa M, Grifasi N, Galletti C, Fino D, Piumetti M. Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite Application in Wastewater Treatment: Methylene Blue, Zinc and Cadmium Abatement Tests and Kinetic Studies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8191. [PMID: 36431678 PMCID: PMC9695311 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, several abatement techniques have been proposed for organic dyes and metal cations. In this scenario, adsorption is the most known and studied. Clinoptilolite was considered, since it is a zeolite with a relatively low cost (200-600 $ tons-1) compared to the most well-known adsorbent used in wastewater treatment. In this work, Clinoptilolite was used for the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) at three different concentrations, namely, 100, 200, and 250 ppm. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of the natural zeolite was compared with that of Activated Charcoal (250 ppm of MB). The two adsorbents were characterized by complementary techniques, such as N2 physisorption at -196 °C, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. During the adsorption tests, Clinoptilolite exhibited the best adsorption capacities at 100 ppm: the abatement reached 98% (t = 15 min). Both Clinoptilolite and Activated Charcoal, at 250 ppm, exhibited the same adsorption capacities, namely, 96%. Finally, at 250 ppm MB, the adsorption capacity of Clinoptilolite was analyzed with the copresence of Zn2+ and Cd2+ (10 ppm), and the adsorption capacities were compared with those of Activated Charcoal. The results showed that both adsorbents achieved 100% MB abatement (t = 40 min). However, cation adsorption reached a plateau after 120 min (Zn2+ = 86% and 57%; Cd2+ = 53% and 50%, for Activated Charcoal and Clinoptilolite, respectively) due to the preferential adsorption of MB molecules. Furthermore, kinetic studies were performed to fully investigate the adsorption mechanism. It was evidenced that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model is effective in describing the adsorption mechanism of both adsorbents, highlighting the chemical interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate.
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7
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Mancuso A, Sacco O, Vaiano V, Sannino D, Pragliola S, Venditto V, Morante N. Visible light active Fe-Pr co-doped TiO2 for water pollutants degradation. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Synthesis of Gd2O3 Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Azo Dyes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles were prepared via the reaction of gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate (Gd (NO3)3·6H2O) and ethylamine (C2H5NH2), and their surface morphology, particle size, and properties were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles were used as the photocatalyst for the degradation of various azo dyes, such as methyl orange (MO), acid orange 7 (AO7), and acid yellow 23 (AY23) under irradiation with UV light. The effect of the experimental parameters (initial concentration of azo dyes, dosage of catalyst, and wavelength of UV light) on the photocatalytic properties of the Gd2O3 nanoparticles were investigated. At a constant H2O2 concentration, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the Gd2O3 nanoparticles for various azo dyes was in the order: methyl orange > acid orange 7 > acid yellow 23. The kinetics study showed that the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes was followed by a pseudo first-order reaction rate law.
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9
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Mancuso A, Sacco O, Vaiano V, Bonelli B, Esposito S, Freyria FS, Blangetti N, Sannino D. Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity and Kinetics of Fe-Doped TiO 2 Prepared by a Three-Block Copolymer Templating Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3105. [PMID: 34198890 PMCID: PMC8201317 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fe-doped titania photocatalysts (with 1, 2.5, and 3.5 wt. % Fe nominal content), showing photocatalytic activity under visible light, were prepared by a soft-template assisted sol-gel approach in the presence of the triblock copolymer Pluronic P123. An undoped TiO2 photocatalyst was also prepared for comparison. The photocatalysts were characterized by means of X-ray powder Diffraction (XRPD), Quantitative Phase Analysis as obtained by Rietveld refinement, Diffuse Reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C, electrophoretic mobility in water (ζ-potential), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The physico-chemical characterization showed that all the samples were 100% anatase phase and that iron was present both in the bulk and at the surface of the Fe-doped TiO2. Indeed, the band gap energy (Eg) decreases with the Fe content, with Tauc's plot determined values ranging from 3.35 (undoped TiO2) to 2.70 eV (3.5 wt. % Fe). Notwithstanding the obtained Eg values, the photocatalytic activity results under visible light highlighted that the optimal Fe content was equal to 2.5 wt. % (Tauc's plot determined Eg = 2.74 eV). With the optimized photocatalyst and in selected operating conditions, under visible light it was possible to achieve 90% AO7 discoloration together with a TOC removal of 40% after 180 min. The kinetic behavior of the photocatalyst was also analyzed. Moreover, the tests in the presence of three different scavengers revealed that the main reactive species are (positive) holes and superoxide species. Finally, the optimized photocatalyst was also able to degrade phenol under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Mancuso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Olga Sacco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Serena Esposito
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Francesca Stefania Freyria
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Blangetti
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Diana Sannino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.M.); (V.V.)
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Esposito S, Ditaranto N, Dell’Agli G, Nasi R, Rivolo P, Bonelli B. Effective Inclusion of Sizable Amounts of Mo within TiO 2 Nanoparticles Can Be Obtained by Reverse Micelle Sol-Gel Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5379-5388. [PMID: 33681577 PMCID: PMC7931434 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Six Mo/TiO2 samples (with 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt % Mo nominal contents) were obtained by reverse micelle sol-gel synthesis, followed by calcination at 500 °C. The samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), quantitative phase analysis as obtained by Rietveld refinement, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis spectroscopy. As a whole, the adopted characterization techniques showed the inclusion of a sizeable Mo amount, without the segregation of any MoO x phase. Specifically, PXRD showed the occurrence of anatase and brookite with all the studied samples; notwithstanding the mild calcination temperature, the formation of rutile occurred at Mo wt % ≥2.5 likely due to the presence of brookite favoring, in turn, anatase to rutile transition. DR UV-vis and XP spectroscopies allowed determining the samples' band gap energy (E g) and valence band energy, respectively, from which the conduction band energy was calculated; and the observed E g value increase at 10 wt % Mo was ascribed to the Moss-Burstein effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Esposito
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino I-10129, Italy
- INSTM
Unit of Torino-Politecnico, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino I-10129, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Dell’Agli
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università
degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Via G. Di Blasio, 43, Cassino (FR) I-03043, Italy
| | - Roberto Nasi
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino I-10129, Italy
| | - Paola Rivolo
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino I-10129, Italy
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino I-10129, Italy
- INSTM
Unit of Torino-Politecnico, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino I-10129, Italy
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Gopalan AI, Lee JC, Saianand G, Lee KP, Sonar P, Dharmarajan R, Hou YL, Ann KY, Kannan V, Kim WJ. Recent Progress in the Abatement of Hazardous Pollutants Using Photocatalytic TiO 2-Based Building Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1854. [PMID: 32948034 PMCID: PMC7559443 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively investigated in interdisciplinary research (such as catalysis, energy, environment, health, etc.) owing to its attractive physico-chemical properties, abundant nature, chemical/environmental stability, low-cost manufacturing, low toxicity, etc. Over time, TiO2-incorporated building/construction materials have been utilized for mitigating potential problems related to the environment and human health issues. However, there are challenges with regards to photocatalytic efficiency improvements, lab to industrial scaling up, and commercial product production. Several innovative approaches/strategies have been evolved towards TiO2 modification with the focus of improving its photocatalytic efficiency. Taking these aspects into consideration, research has focused on the utilization of many of these advanced TiO2 materials towards the development of construction materials such as concrete, mortar, pavements, paints, etc. This topical review focuses explicitly on capturing and highlighting research advancements in the last five years (mainly) (2014-2019) on the utilization of various modified TiO2 materials for the development of practical photocatalytic building materials (PBM). We briefly summarize the prospective applications of TiO2-based building materials (cement, mortar, concretes, paints, coating, etc.) with relevance to the removal of outdoor/indoor NOx and volatile organic compounds, self-cleaning of the surfaces, etc. As a concluding remark, we outline the challenges and make recommendations for the future outlook of further investigations and developments in this prosperous area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan
- Daegyeong Regional Infrastructure Technology Development Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-I.G.); (K.-P.L.)
| | - Jun-Cheol Lee
- Department of Architecture, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Korea;
| | - Gopalan Saianand
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; (G.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Kwang-Pill Lee
- Daegyeong Regional Infrastructure Technology Development Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-I.G.); (K.-P.L.)
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; (G.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Yao-long Hou
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ki-Yong Ann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 1588, Korea;
| | | | - Wha-Jung Kim
- Daegyeong Regional Infrastructure Technology Development Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-I.G.); (K.-P.L.)
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Freyria FS, Blangetti N, Esposito S, Nasi R, Armandi M, Annelio V, Bonelli B. Effects of the Brookite Phase on the Properties of Different Nanostructured TiO 2 Phases Photocatalytically Active Towards the Degradation of N-Phenylurea. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:903-912. [PMID: 32908812 PMCID: PMC7464118 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different sol-gel synthesis methods were used to obtain four nanostructured mesoporous TiO2 samples for an efficient photocatalytic degradation of the emerging contaminant N-phenylurea under either simulated solar light (1 Sun) or UV light. Particularly, two TiO2 samples were obtained by means of as many template-assisted syntheses, whereas other two TiO2 samples were obtained by a greener template-free procedure, implying acidic conditions and, then, calcination at either 200 °C or 600 °C. In one case, anatase was obtained, whereas in the other three cases mixed crystalline phases were obtained. The four TiO2 samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (followed by Rietveld analysis); Transmission Electron Microscopy; N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C; Diffuse Reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy and ζ-potential measurements. A commercial TiO2 powder (i. e., Degussa P25) was used for comparison. Differences among the synthesized samples were observed not only in their quantitative phase composition, but also in their nanoparticles morphology (shape and size), specific surface area, pore size distribution and pHIEP (pH at isoelectric point), whereas the samples band-gap did not vary sizably. The samples showed different photocatalytic behavior in terms of N-phenylurea degradation, which are ascribed to their different physico-chemical properties and, especially, to their phase composition, stemming from the different synthesis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S. Freyria
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Nicola Blangetti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Serena Esposito
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Roberto Nasi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Marco Armandi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Vincenzo Annelio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTMUnit of Torino PolitecnicoPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
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Photochemical vs. photocatalytic azo-dye removal in a pilot free-surface reactor: Is the catalyst effective? Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dosa M, Piumetti M, Bensaid S, Andana T, Galletti C, Fino D, Russo N. Photocatalytic Abatement of Volatile Organic Compounds by TiO 2 Nanoparticles Doped with Either Phosphorous or Zirconium. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2121. [PMID: 31266240 PMCID: PMC6651007 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the activity of novel TiO2-based photocatalysts doped with either phosphorus or zirconium under a UV-Vis source. A set of mesoporous catalysts was prepared by the direct synthesis: TiO2_A and TiO2_B (titanium oxide synthesized by two different procedures), P-TiO2 and Zr-TiO2 (binary oxides with either nonmetal or metal into the TiO2 framework). Complementary characterizations (N2 physisorption at 77 K, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and (DR)UV-Vis spectroscopy) were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts. Then, the photocatalysts were tested for the oxidation of propylene and ethylene under UV-Vis light. As a result, the most promising catalyst for both the propylene and ethylene oxidation reactions was the P-TiO2 (propylene conversion = 27.8% and ethylene conversion = 13%, TOS = 3 h), thus confirming the beneficial effect of P-doping into the TiO2 framework on the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodj Dosa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Piumetti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Samir Bensaid
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Tahrizi Andana
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Galletti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Nunzio Russo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Application of Reverse Micelle Sol⁻Gel Synthesis for Bulk Doping and Heteroatoms Surface Enrichment in Mo-Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060937. [PMID: 30901826 PMCID: PMC6471443 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles containing 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt.% Mo were prepared by a reverse micelle template assisted sol–gel method allowing the dispersion of Mo atoms in the TiO2 matrix. Their textural and surface properties were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at −196 °C, energy dispersive X-ray analysis coupled to field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy, and ζ-potential measurement. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (under visible light and low irradiance) in water was used as a test reaction as well. The ensemble of the obtained experimental results was analyzed in order to discover the actual state of Mo in the final materials, showing the occurrence of both bulk doping and Mo surface species, with progressive segregation of MoOx species occurring only at a higher Mo content.
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Nanomaterials for the Abatement of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Wastewater. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Bahadori E, Compagnoni M, Tripodi A, Freyria F, Armandi M, Bonelli B, Ramis G, Rossetti I. Photoreduction of nitrates from waste and drinking water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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