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Shamsuddin MR, Teo SH, Azmi TSMT, Lahuri AH, Taufiq-Yap YH. Performance of NiO doped on alkaline sludge from waste photovoltaic industries for catalytic dry reforming of methane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33325-7. [PMID: 38635095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alkali sludge (AS) is waste abundantly generated from solar photovoltaic (PV) solar cell industries. Since this potential basic material is still underutilized, a combination with NiO catalyst might greatly influence coke resentence, especially in high-temperature thermochemical reactions (Arora and Prasad, RSC Adv. 6:108,668-108688, 2016). This paper investigated alkaline sludge containing 3CaO-2SiO2 doped with well-known NiO to enhance the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. The wet-impregnation method was used to prepare the xNiO/AS (x = 5-15%) catalysts. Subsequently, all catalysts were tested by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET), temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (TPD-CO2), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM-EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The spent catalysts were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). The catalytic performance of xNiO/AS catalysts was investigated in a fixed bed reactor connected with gas chromatography thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) at a CH4:CO2 flow rate of 30 mL-1 during a 10-h reaction by following (Shamsuddin et al., Int. J. Energy Res. 45:15,463-15,480, 2021d). For optimization parameters, the effects of NiO concentration (5, 10, and 15%), reaction temperature (700, 750, 800, 850, and 900 °C), catalyst loading (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g), and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) range from 3000, 6000, 9000, 12,000, and 15,000 h-1 were evaluated. The results showed that physical characteristics such as BET surface area and porosity do not significantly impact NiO percentages of dispersion, whereas chemical characteristics like reducibility are crucial for the catalysts' efficient catalytic activity. Due to the active sites on the catalyst surface being more accessible, increased NiO dispersion resulted in higher reactant conversion. The catalytic performance on various parameters that showed 15%NiO/AS exhibited high reactant conversion up to 98% and 40-60% product selectivity in 700 °C, 0.2 g catalyst loading, and 12,000 h-1 GHSV. According to spent catalyst analyses, the catalyst was stable even after the DRM reaction. Meanwhile, increased reducibility resulted in more and better active site formation on the catalyst. Synergetic effect of efficient NiO as active metal and medium basic sites from AS enhanced DRM catalytic activity and stability with low coke formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Razali Shamsuddin
- Preparatory Centre for Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Siow Hwa Teo
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Azizul Hakim Lahuri
- Department of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus Sarawak, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Prospects and Technical Challenges in Hydrogen Production through Dry Reforming of Methane. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental issues related to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions have pushed the development of new technologies that will allow the economic production of low-carbon energy vectors, such as hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4) and liquid fuels. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has gained increased attention since it uses CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are two main greenhouse gases (GHG), as feedstock for the production of syngas, which is a mixture of H2 and carbon monoxide (CO) and can be used as a building block for the production of fuels. Since H2 has been identified as a key enabler of the energy transition, a lot of studies have aimed to benefit from the environmental advantages of DRM and to use it as a pathway for a sustainable H2 production. However, there are several challenges related to this process and to its use for H2 production, such as catalyst deactivation and the low H2/CO ratio of the syngas produced, which is usually below 1.0. This paper presents the recent advances in the catalyst development for H2 production via DRM, the processes that could be combined with DRM to overcome these challenges and the current industrial processes using DRM. The objective is to assess in which conditions DRM could be used for H2 production and the gaps in literature data preventing better evaluation of the environmental and economic potential of this process.
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Alioui O, Badawi M, Erto A, Amin MA, Tirth V, Jeon BH, Islam S, Balsamo M, Virginie M, Ernst B, Benguerba Y. Contribution of DFT to the optimization of Ni-based catalysts for dry reforming of methane: a review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.2020518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Alioui
- Laboratoire de génie des procédés chimiques, LGPC, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e Università degli Studi di Napoli, P.leTecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohammed A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Saiful Islam
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha-61411, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mirella Virginie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Uni. Artois, UMR 8181 –UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Ernst
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of process engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat ABBAS Sétif 1 University, 19000 Setif, Algeria
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4
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Torimoto M, Sekine Y. Effects of alloying for steam or dry reforming of methane: a review of recent studies. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A survey on the catalytic nature of Ni-based alloy catalysts in recent years provides a direction for future catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Torimoto
- Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sekine
- Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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5
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Pérez JMM, Lucio‐Ortiz CJ, Rosa JR, Maldonado CS, De Haro Del Río DA, Sandoval‐Rangel L, Garza‐Navarro MA, Martínez‐Vargas DX, Morales‐Leal FJ. Dry Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production Using Bimetallic Catalysts of Pt‐Fe Supported on γ‐Alumina. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Martínez Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ave. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza N.L. México
| | - Carlos J. Lucio‐Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ave. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza N.L. México
| | - Javier Rivera Rosa
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ave. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza N.L. México
| | - Carolina Solis Maldonado
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N Col. Revolución, C. P. 93390 Poza Rica, Veracruz México
| | - David A. De Haro Del Río
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ave. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza N.L. México
| | - Ladislao Sandoval‐Rangel
- Tecnológico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey N.L., México
| | - M. A. Garza‐Navarro
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Av. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 64455 San Nicolás de los Garza N.L., México
| | | | - Francisco José Morales‐Leal
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152 Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, C.P. 07730 Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México México
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6
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Czaplicka N, Rogala A, Wysocka I. Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbide Catalysts: Synthesis and Application as Alternative Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Hydrocarbons-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12337. [PMID: 34830220 PMCID: PMC8617837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Currently used nickel catalysts on oxide supports suffer from rapid deactivation due to sintering of active metal particles or the deposition of carbon deposits blocking the flow of gases through the reaction tube. In this view, new alternative catalysts are highly sought after. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. The catalytic activity of carbides results from the synthesis-dependent structural properties of carbides. In this respect, this review presents the most important methods of titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten carbide synthesis and the influence of their properties on activity in catalyzing the reaction of methane with carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Izabela Wysocka
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (N.C.); (A.R.)
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7
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Kim KH, You YW, Jeong MH, Jung BG, Im M, Kim YJ, Heo I, Chang TS, Lee JH. Influence of support acidity on CO2 reforming of ethane at high temperature. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Naikoo GA, Arshad F, Hassan IU, Tabook MA, Pedram MZ, Mustaqeem M, Tabassum H, Ahmed W, Rezakazemi M. Thermocatalytic Hydrogen Production Through Decomposition of Methane-A Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:736801. [PMID: 34765584 PMCID: PMC8576817 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.736801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fossil fuels, especially in transport and energy-dependent sectors, has led to large greenhouse gas production. Hydrogen is an exciting energy source that can serve our energy purposes and decrease toxic waste production. Decomposition of methane yields hydrogen devoid of COx components, thereby aiding as an eco-friendly approach towards large-scale hydrogen production. This review article is focused on hydrogen production through thermocatalytic methane decomposition (TMD) for hydrogen production. The thermodynamics of this approach has been highlighted. Various methods of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and renewable resources were discussed. Methods including steam methane reforming, partial oxidation of methane, auto thermal reforming, direct biomass gasification, thermal water splitting, methane pyrolysis, aqueous reforming, and coal gasification have been reported in this article. A detailed overview of the different types of catalysts available, the reasons behind their deactivation, and their possible regeneration methods were discussed. Finally, we presented the challenges and future perspectives for hydrogen production via TMD. This review concluded that among all catalysts, nickel, ruthenium and platinum-based catalysts show the highest activity and catalytic efficiency and gave carbon-free hydrogen products during the TMD process. However, their rapid deactivation at high temperatures still needs the attention of the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar A. Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Musallam A. Tabook
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Mona Z. Pedram
- Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mujahid Mustaqeem
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hassina Tabassum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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9
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Álvarez Moreno A, Ramirez-Reina T, Ivanova S, Roger AC, Centeno MÁ, Odriozola JA. Bimetallic Ni-Ru and Ni-Re Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane: Understanding the Synergies of the Selected Promoters. Front Chem 2021; 9:694976. [PMID: 34307298 PMCID: PMC8292677 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.694976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing an economically viable catalyst that maintains high catalytic activity and stability is the key to unlock dry reforming of methane (DRM) as a primary strategy for biogas valorization. Ni/Al2O3 catalysts have been widely used for this purpose; however, several modifications have been reported in the last years in order to prevent coke deposition and deactivation of the samples. Modification of the acidity of the support and the addition of noble metal promoters are between the most reported strategies. Nevertheless, in the task of designing an active and stable catalyst for DRM, the selection of an appropriate noble metal promoter is turning more challenging owing to the lack of homogeneity of the different studies. Therefore, this research aims to compare Ru (0.50 and 2.0%) and Re (0.50 and 2.0%) as noble metal promoters for a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst under the same synthesis and reaction conditions. Catalysts were characterized by XRF, BET, XRD, TPR, hydrogen chemisorption (H2-TPD), and dry reforming reaction tests. Results show that both promoters increase Ni reducibility and dispersion. However, Ru seems a better promoter for DRM since 0.50% of Ru increases the catalytic activity in 10% and leads to less coke deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Álvarez Moreno
- Estado Sólido y Catálisis Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tomás Ramirez-Reina
- Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anne-Cécile Roger
- ICPEES, équipe Energie et Carburants pour un Environnement Durable, UMR CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Miguel Ángel Centeno
- Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Odriozola
- Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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10
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Qiu H, Ran J, Niu J, Guo F, Ou Z. Effect of different doping ratios of Cu on the carbon formation and the elimination on Ni (111) surface: A DFT study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) can effectively convert two greenhouse gases into high-valued chemicals, in which the syngas produced by the reaction can be directly used as raw gases for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and methanol synthesis. Ni-based catalysts for the DRM reaction with comparable initial activity to noble metals are the focus of most researchers, but their poor carbon deposition resistance easily causes their low stability. More importantly, the nickel loading will affect the catalytic activity and carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst. Herein, a series of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with bimodal pores was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physical adsorption–desorption, H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature programmed hydrogenation (TPH), Raman, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results show that the interesting bimodal structure catalysts could provide a high surface area and contribute to the mass transfer. Besides, the catalytic performance of the DRM reaction is sensitive to nickel loadings. In this study, the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst with nickel loadings of 6% and 8% exhibited excellent catalytic activity and carbon deposition resistance. These findings will provide a new strategy to design a highly efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst for industry.
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12
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Abstract
Privileged structures is a term that is used in drug design to indicate a fragment that is popular in the population of drugs or drug candidates that are in the application or investigation phases, respectively. Privileged structures are popular motifs because they generate efficient drugs. Similarly, some elements appear to be more efficient and more popular in catalyst design and development. To indicate this fact, we use here a term privileged metal combination. In particular, Ru-based catalysts have paved a bumpy road in a variety of commercial applications from ammonia synthesis to carbon (di)oxide methanation. Here, we review Ru/Ni combinations in order to specifically find applications in environmental nanocatalysis and more specifically in carbon (di)oxide methanation. Synergy, ensemble and the ligand effect are theoretical foundations that are used to explain the advantages of multicomponent catalysis. The economic effect is another important issue in blending metal combinations. Low temperature and photocatalytic processes can be indicated as new tendencies in carbon (di)oxide methanation. However, due to economics, future industrial developments of this reaction are still questionable.
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13
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Aziz MAA, Setiabudi HD, Teh LP, Asmadi M, Matmin J, Wongsakulphasatch S. High‐Performance Bimetallic Catalysts for Low‐Temperature Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Ab Aziz
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Herma Dina Setiabudi
- Universiti Malaysia PahangFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia PahangCentre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Lee Peng Teh
- Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaCentre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Asmadi
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Juan Matmin
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Suwimol Wongsakulphasatch
- King Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 10800 Bangkok Thailand
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14
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Zhu T, Chen Z, Gong H, Yu H, Ning P, Zhou S, Zhou Y. Seeded-growth preparation of high-performance Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts for tar steam reforming. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparing the high-performance catalyst by the novel seeded-growth strategy, which is green, simple and low-cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environment
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Zezhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environment
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environment
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Huiqiang Yu
- Center of Materials Analysis
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environment
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environment
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
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Abstract
The inability of ceramic and nanoceramic processing without expensive diamond tools and with a high-material-removal rate hampers the scope of its potential applications and does not allow humanity to make a full shift to the sixth technological paradigm associated with Kuhn scientific revolutions and Kondratieff’s waves and restrains the growth of the economy. The authors completed a review on the research state of ceramic and nanoceramic processing by electrical discharge machining, which is possibly solved by two principal approaches associated with the usage of standard commercially available machine tools. The first approach is related to the introduction of expensive secondary phase; the second approach proposes initiate processing by adding auxiliary electrodes in the form of coating, suspension, aerosol, or 3D-printed layer based on the components of silver, copper, or graphite in combination with an improved dielectric oil environment by introducing graphite or carbon nanoparticles, which is hugely relevant today.
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16
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Application of Microwave in Hydrogen Production from Methane Dry Reforming: Comparison Between the Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Reforming on Improving the Energy Efficiency. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microwave-assisted dry reforming of methane over Ni and Ni–MgO catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) was studied with respect to reducing reaction energy consumption. In order to optimize the reforming reaction using the microwave setup, an inclusive study was performed on the effect of operating parameters, including the type of catalysts’ active metal and their concentration in the AC support, feed flow rate, and reaction temperature on the reaction conversion and H2/CO selectivity. The methane dry reforming was also carried out using conventional heating and the results were compared to those of microwave heating. The catalysts’ activity was increased under microwave heating and as a result, the feed conversion and hydrogen selectivity were enhanced in comparison to the conventional heating method. In addition, to improve the reactants’ conversion and products’ selectivity, the thermal analysis also clarified the crucial importance of microwave heating in enhancing the energy efficiency of the reaction compared to the conventional heating.
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