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Luca L, Pauliuc D, Oroian M. Honey microbiota, methods for determining the microbiological composition and the antimicrobial effect of honey - A review. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101524. [PMID: 38947342 PMCID: PMC11214184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural product used since ancient times due to its taste, aroma, and therapeutic properties (antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity). The purpose of this review is to present the species of microorganisms that can survive in honey and the effect they can have on bees and consumers. The techniques for identifying the microorganisms present in honey are also described in this study. Honey contains bacteria, yeasts, molds, and viruses, and some of them may present beneficial properties for humans. The antimicrobial effect of honey is due to its acidity and high viscosity, high sugar concentration, low water content, the presence of hydrogen peroxide and non-peroxidase components, particularly methylglyoxal (MGO), phenolic acids, flavonoids, proteins, peptides, and non-peroxidase glycopeptides. Honey has antibacterial action (it has effectiveness against bacteria, e.g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter, etc.), antifungal (effectiveness against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp., and Penicillium spp.), antiviral (effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Influenza virus A and B, Varicella zoster virus), and antiparasitic action (effectiveness against Plasmodium berghei, Giardia and Trichomonas, Toxoplasma gondii) demonstrated by numerous studies that are comprised and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Luca
- Suceava-Botoșani Regional Innovative Bioeconomy Cluster Association, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Daniela Pauliuc
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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2
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Zeng J, Li Y, Yan J, Chang R, Xu M, Zhou G, Meng J, Liu D, Mao Z, Yang Y. Gut microbiota from patients with Parkinson's disease causes motor deficits in honeybees. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1418857. [PMID: 39070266 PMCID: PMC11272988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1418857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is possibly caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aims to explore whether the microbiota contributes to the behavior abnormalities of PD. Methods We transplanted gut microbiota from patients with PD or healthy controls (HC) into microbiota-free honeybees. We also established two more groups, namely the rotenone (ROT) group, in which PD-like symptoms of honeybees were induced by rotenone, and the conventional (CV) group, in which honeybees were colonized with conventional gut microbiota. The climbing assay was performed to assess the motor capabilities of honeybees. Histopathological examination was conducted to evaluate the integrity of gut mucosa. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression levels and dopamine (DA) concentrations in the brain were also examined. Additionally, metagenomics and full-length 16S rRNA analyses were performed to identify alterations in gut microbiota profiles, both in PD patients and honeybees. Results Honeybees in the PD and ROT groups exhibited slower climbing speeds, downregulated TH gene expression, and impaired gut barriers. Both the HC and PD groups of honeybees successfully harbored a portion of gut microbiota from corresponding human donors, and differences in microbial composition were identified. Morganella morganii and Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum exhibited significantly increased relative abundance in the HC group, while Dorea longicatena, Collinsella aerofaciens, Lactococcus garvieae, Holdemanella biformis, Gemmiger formicilis, and Blautia obeum showed significantly increased relative abundance in the PD group. Functional predictions of microbial communities in the PD group indicated an increased synthesis of hydrogen sulfide and methane. Conclusion A novel PD model was induced in honeybees with rotenone and gut microbiota from PD patients. This study linked PD-related behaviors to altered gut microbiota, highlighting a potential gut microbiota-brain axis involvement in PD pathogenesis. We identify previously unrecognized associations of Dorea longicatena, Collinsella aerofaciens, Lactococcus garvieae, Holdemanella biformis, Gemmiger formicilis, and Blautia obeum with PD. Additionally, pathways related to hydrogen sulfide and methane synthesis have been previously suggested as potential contributors to the development of PD, and our research further supports this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zeng
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshuang Yan
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqi Chang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhou Zhou
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Urcan AC, Criste AD, Bobiș O, Cornea-Cipcigan M, Giurgiu AI, Dezmirean DS. Evaluation of Functional Properties of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for Probiotic Applications in Apiculture. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1249. [PMID: 38930631 PMCID: PMC11205645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the suitability of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains-Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Apilactobacillus kunkeei-for use as probiotics in apiculture. Given the decline in bee populations due to pathogens and environmental stressors, sustainable alternatives to conventional treatments are necessary. This study aimed to assess the potential of these LAB strains in a probiotic formulation for bees through various in vitro tests, including co-culture interactions, biofilm formation, auto-aggregation, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance to high osmotic concentrations. This study aimed to assess both the individual effects of the strains and their combined effects, referred to as the LAB mix. Results indicated no mutual antagonistic activity among the LAB strains, demonstrating their compatibility with multi-strain probiotic formulations. The LAB strains showed significant survival rates under high osmotic stress and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The LAB mix displayed enhanced biofilm formation, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial efficacy against different bacterial strains. These findings suggest that a probiotic formulation containing these LAB strains could be used for a probiotic formulation, offering a promising approach to mitigating the negative effects of pathogens. Future research should focus on in vivo studies to validate the efficacy of these probiotic bacteria in improving bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cristina Urcan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.U.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Adriana Dalila Criste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.U.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Otilia Bobiș
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Mihaiela Cornea-Cipcigan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandru-Ioan Giurgiu
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
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Cerqueira AES, Lima HS, Silva LCF, Veloso TGR, de Paula SO, Santana WC, da Silva CC. Melipona stingless bees and honey microbiota reveal the diversity, composition, and modes of symbionts transmission. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae063. [PMID: 38650068 PMCID: PMC11217820 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Melipona gut microbiota differs from other social bees, being characterized by the absence of crucial corbiculate core gut symbionts and a high occurrence of environmental strains. We studied the microbial diversity and composition of three Melipona species and their honey to understand which strains are obtained by horizontal transmission (HT) from the pollination environment, represent symbionts with HT from the hive/food stores or social transmission (ST) between nestmates. Bees harbored higher microbial alpha diversity and a different and more species-specific bacterial composition than honey. The fungal communities of bee and honey samples are also different but less dissimilar. As expected, the eusocial corbiculate core symbionts Snodgrassella and Gilliamella were absent in bees that had a prevalence of Lactobacillaceae - including Lactobacillus (formerly known as Firm-5), Bifidobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Streptococcaceae - mainly strains close to Floricoccus, a putative novel symbiont acquired from flowers. They might have co-evolved with these bees via ST, and along with environmental Lactobacillaceae and Pectinatus (Veillonellaceae) strains obtained by HT, and Metschnikowia and Saccharomycetales yeasts acquired by HT from honey or the pollination environment, including plants/flowers, possibly compose the Melipona core microbiota. This work contributes to the understanding of Melipona symbionts and their modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Emanuel Silva Cerqueira
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Ambiental Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya – sala 318, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, NMS 4.216, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Helena Santiago Lima
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Ambiental Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya – sala 318, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carneiro Fidélis Silva
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Ambiental Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya – sala 318, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tomás Gomes Reis Veloso
- Laboratorio de Associações Micorrízicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Bioagro – sala 313, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Laboratório de Imunovirologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya – sala 241, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Weyder Cristiano Santana
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rod. MG 230 Km 08 - Campus Universitário, Rio Paranaíba – Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Canêdo da Silva
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Ambiental Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n – Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya – sala 318, Viçosa – Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Todorov SD, Alves MV, Bueno GCA, Alves VF, Ivanova IV. Bee-Associated Beneficial Microbes-Importance for Bees and for Humans. INSECTS 2024; 15:430. [PMID: 38921144 PMCID: PMC11204305 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Bees are one of the best-known and, at the same time, perhaps the most enigmatic insects on our planet, known for their organization and social structure, being essential for the pollination of agricultural crops and several other plants, playing an essential role in food production and the balance of ecosystems, being associated with the production of high-value-added inputs, and a unique universe in relation to bees' microbiota. In this review, we summarize information regarding on different varieties of bees, with emphasis on their specificity related to microbial variations. Noteworthy are fructophilic bacteria, a lesser-known bacterial group, which use fructose fermentation as their main source of energy, with some strains being closely related to bees' health status. The beneficial properties of fructophilic bacteria may be extendable to humans and other animals as probiotics. In addition, their biotechnological potential may ease the development of new-generation antimicrobials with applications in biopreservation. The concept of "One Health" brings together fundamental and applied research with the aim of clarifying that the connections between the different components of ecosystems must be considered part of a mega-structure, with bees being an iconic example in that the healthy functionality of their microbiota is directly and indirectly related to agricultural production, bee health, quality of bee products, and the functional prosperity for humans and other animals. In fact, good health of bees is clearly related to the stable functionality of ecosystems and indirectly relates to humans' wellbeing, a concept of the "One Health".
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- CISAS-Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Marcos Vinício Alves
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Virgínia Farias Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil (V.F.A.)
| | - Iskra Vitanova Ivanova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8, Bul. Dragan Tzankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Kiruthika K, Suganthi A, Johnson Thangaraj Edward YS, Anandham R, Renukadevi P, Murugan M, Bimal Kumar Sahoo, Mohammad Ikram, Kavitha PG, Jayakanthan M. Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Insecticide Residue Degradation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10298-0. [PMID: 38819541 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are gaining global attention, especially due to their role as a probiotic. They are increasingly being used as a flavoring agent and food preservative. Besides their role in food processing, lactic acid bacteria also have a significant role in degrading insecticide residues in the environment. This review paper highlights the importance of lactic acid bacteria in degrading insecticide residues of various types, such as organochlorines, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and diamides. The paper discusses the mechanisms employed by lactic acid bacteria to degrade these insecticides, as well as their potential applications in bioremediation. The key enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria, such as phosphatase and esterase, play a vital role in breaking down insecticide molecules. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions in this field. However, more research is needed to optimize the utilization of lactic acid bacteria in insecticide residue degradation and to develop practical strategies for their implementation in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kiruthika
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Suganthi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - R Anandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Renukadevi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bimal Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ikram
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P G Kavitha
- Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Jayakanthan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Smriti, Rana A, Singh G, Gupta G. Prospects of probiotics in beekeeping: a review for sustainable approach to boost honeybee health. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:205. [PMID: 38573383 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Honeybees are vital for global crop pollination, making indispensable contributions to agricultural productivity. However, these vital insects are currently facing escalating colony losses on a global scale, primarily attributed to parasitic and pathogenic attacks. The prevalent response to combat these infections may involve the use of antibiotics. Nevertheless, the application of antibiotics raises concerns regarding potential adverse effects such as antibiotic resistance and imbalances in the gut microbiota of bees. In response to these challenges, this study reviews the utilization of a probiotic-supplemented pollen substitute diet to promote honeybee gut health, enhance immunity, and overall well-being. We systematically explore various probiotic strains and their impacts on critical parameters, including survival rate, colony strength, honey and royal jelly production, and the immune response of bees. By doing so, we emphasize the significance of maintaining a balanced gut microbial community in honeybees. The review also scrutinizes the factors influencing the gut microbial communities of bees, elucidates the consequences of dysbiosis, and evaluates the potential of probiotics to mitigate these challenges. Additionally, it delineates different delivery mechanisms for probiotic supplementation and elucidates their positive effects on diverse health parameters of honeybees. Given the alarming decline in honeybee populations and the consequential threat to global food security, this study provides valuable insights into sustainable practices aimed at supporting honeybee populations and enhancing agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Anita Rana
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Garima Gupta
- Department of Agriculture (UIAS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
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Tilocca B, Greco V, Piras C, Ceniti C, Paonessa M, Musella V, Bava R, Palma E, Morittu VM, Spina AA, Castagna F, Urbani A, Britti D, Roncada P. The Bee Gut Microbiota: Bridging Infective Agents Potential in the One Health Context. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3739. [PMID: 38612550 PMCID: PMC11012054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The bee gut microbiota plays an important role in the services the bees pay to the environment, humans and animals. Alongside, gut-associated microorganisms are vehiculated between apparently remote habitats, promoting microbial heterogeneity of the visited microcosms and the transfer of the microbial genetic elements. To date, no metaproteomics studies dealing with the functional bee microbiota are available. Here, we employ a metaproteomics approach to explore a fraction of the bacterial, fungal, and unicellular parasites inhabiting the bee gut. The bacterial community portrays a dynamic composition, accounting for specimens of human and animal concern. Their functional features highlight the vehiculation of virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits. The fungal and unicellular parasite fractions include environment- and animal-related specimens, whose metabolic activities support the spatial spreading of functional features. Host proteome depicts the major bee physiological activities, supporting the metaproteomics strategy for the simultaneous study of multiple microbial specimens and their host-crosstalks. Altogether, the present study provides a better definition of the structure and function of the bee gut microbiota, highlighting its impact in a variety of strategies aimed at improving/overcoming several current hot topic issues such as antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution and the promotion of environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.G.); (A.U.)
- Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Piras
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Carlotta Ceniti
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Mariachiara Paonessa
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Anna Antonella Spina
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.G.); (A.U.)
- Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (C.C.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (F.C.); (D.B.)
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9
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Gouda MNR, Subramanian S, Kumar A, Ramakrishnan B. Microbial ensemble in the hives: deciphering the intricate gut ecosystem of hive and forager bees of Apis mellifera. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:262. [PMID: 38302671 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome of honey bees significantly influences vital traits and metabolic processes, including digestion, detoxification, nutrient provision, development, and immunity. However, there is a limited information is available on the gut bacterial diversity of western honey bee populations in India. This study addresses the critical knowledge gap and outcome of which would benefit the beekeepers in India. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the gut bacterial diversity in forager and hive bees of Indian Apis mellifera, employing both culture-based and culture-independent methods. In the culturable study, a distinct difference in gut bacterial alpha and beta diversity between forager and hive bees emerges. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominate, with hive bees exhibiting a Firmicutes-rich gut (65%), while foragers showcase a higher proportion of Proteobacteria (37%). Lactobacillus in the hive bee foregut aligns with the findings by other researchers. Bacterial amplicon sequencing analysisreveals a more intricate bacterial composition with 18 identified phyla, expanding our understanding compared to culturable methods. Hive bees exhibit higher community richness and diversity, likely due to diverse diets and increased social interactions. The core microbiota includes Snodgrassella alvi, Gilliamella apicola, and Bombilactobacillus mellis and Lactobacillus helsingborgensis, crucial for digestion, metabolism, and pathogen resistance. The study emphasises bacteria's role in pollen and nectar digestion, with specific groups like Lactobacillus and Bifidobobacterium spp. associated with carbohydrate metabolism and polysaccharide breakdown. These microbes aid in starch and sucrose digestion, releasing beneficial short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION This research highlights the intricate relationship between honey bees and their gut microbiota, showcasing how the diverse and complex microbiome helps bees overcome dietary challenges and enhances overall host health. Understanding these interactions contributes to bee ecology knowledge and has implications for honey bee health management, emphasising the need for further exploration and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rudra Gouda
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sabtharishi Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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10
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Mosca M, Gyorffy A, Pietropaoli M, Giannetti L, Cersini A, Fortugno L, Formato G. IPM Strategy to Control EFB in Apis mellifera: Oxytetracycline Treatment Combined with Partial Shook Swarm and Queen Caging. Vet Sci 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38250934 PMCID: PMC10819488 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We tested an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy to control European foulbrood (EFB) in honey bees. Colonies affected by EFB were assigned to two homogenous groups: an oxytetracycline-treated group (1.5 g OTC/hive) that underwent partial shook swarm (PSS) in combination with queen caging (QC) and an untreated group where only two beekeeping techniques, PSS and QC, were applied. The consumption of sucrose solution, the strength of the colonies, side effects of the mentioned techniques, clinical as well as subclinical relapses of EFB, and the amount of OTC residues in the honey were assessed over a 7-month-long monitoring period. Regarding the consumption of the sucrose solution, there was no significant difference between the OTC-treated and untreated groups. The strength of the untreated colonies was consistently but not significantly higher than those treated with OTC. PSS combined with QC resulted in various side effects in both groups: queen loss (52%), absconding (8%), and drone-laying queen (4%). Untreated colonies (16.7%) showed clinical EFB relapses 4 months after the application of PSS along with QC, while 15.4% of the OTC-treated colonies were confirmed EFB-positive by PCR. OTC residues were detected in the honey yielded in the cases of both groups. Two months after the PSS, the amount of OTC residues in the untreated group was 0.6 ± 0.2 µg/kg, while that in the OTC-treated group amounted to 5.8 ± 11.6 µg/kg; both results are below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 ppb considered in the EU for cascade use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Mosca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Gyorffy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Pietropaoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Luigi Giannetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Cersini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Fortugno
- Servizi Veterinari ASL di Viterbo, Via Vincenzo Cardarelli SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Formato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (L.G.); (A.C.)
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11
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Zhang G, Dilday S, Kuesel RW, Hopkins B. Phytochemicals, Probiotics, Recombinant Proteins: Enzymatic Remedies to Pesticide Poisonings in Bees. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:54-62. [PMID: 38127782 PMCID: PMC10785755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global decline of bees threatens biodiversity and food safety as both wild plants and crops rely on bee pollination to produce viable progeny or high-quality products in high yields. Pesticide exposure is a major driving force for the decline, yet pesticide use remains unreconciled with bee conservation since studies demonstrate that bees continue to be heavily exposed to and threatened by pesticides in crops and natural habitats. Pharmaceutical methods, including the administration of phytochemicals, probiotics (beneficial bacteria), and recombinant proteins (enzymes) with detoxification functions, show promise as potential solutions to mitigate pesticide poisonings. We discuss how these new methods can be appropriately developed and applied in agriculture from bee biology and ecotoxicology perspectives. As countless phytochemicals, probiotics, and recombinant proteins exist, this Perspective will provide suggestive guidance to accelerate the development of new techniques by directing research and resources toward promising candidates. Furthermore, we discuss practical limitations of the new methods mentioned above in realistic field applications and propose recommendations to overcome these limitations. This Perspective builds a framework to allow researchers to use new detoxification techniques more efficiently in order to mitigate the harmful impacts of pesticides on bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Sam Dilday
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ryan William Kuesel
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brandon Hopkins
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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12
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Abuagla MIB, Iqbal J, Raweh HSA, Alqarni AS. Olfactory Learning Behavior and Mortality of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera jemenitica in Response to Pyrethroid Insecticide (Deltamethrin). TOXICS 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 38250981 PMCID: PMC10818679 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees are constantly threatened due to the wide use of pesticides. This study presents the effects of deltamethrin on the mortality, olfactory learning, and memory formation of the native Saudi bee Apis mellifera jemenitica. Topical and oral application of realistic field and serial dilutions of deltamethrin (250, 125, 62.5, and 25 ppm) caused significant mortality at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h posttreatment. Bee mortality increased with the increasing concentration of insecticide at all tested posttreatment times. Highest mortality was observed at 24 h and 48 h after both exposure routes. Food consumption gradually decreased with increasing concentration of deltamethrin during oral exposure. The LC50 of deltamethrin was determined at 12, 24, and 48 h for topical (86.28 ppm, 36.16 ppm, and 29.19 ppm, respectively) and oral (35.77 ppm, 32.53 ppm, and 30.78 ppm, respectively) exposure. Oral exposure led to significantly higher bee mortality than topical exposure of deltamethrin at 4 h and 12 h, but both exposure routes were equally toxic to bees at 24 h and 48 h. The sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, and LC30) of deltamethrin significantly impaired the learning during conditioning trials, as well as the memory formation of bees at 2, 12, and 24 h after topical and oral exposure. Thus, deltamethrin inhibits learning, and bees were unable to memorize the learned task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulaziz S. Alqarni
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (J.I.)
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13
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Lazarova S, Lozanova L, Neov B, Shumkova R, Balkanska R, Palova N, Salkova D, Radoslavov G, Hristov P. Composition and diversity of bacterial communities associated with honey bee foragers from two contrasting environments. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:693-702. [PMID: 37545319 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee is associated with a diverse community of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists), commonly known as the microbiome. Here, we present data on honey bee microbiota from two localities having different surrounding landscapes - mountain (the Rhodope Mountains) and lowland (the Danube plain). The bacterial communities of abdomen of adult bees were studied using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The composition and dominance structure and their variability within and between localities, alpha and beta diversity, and core and differential taxa were compared at different hierarchical levels (operational taxonomic units to phylum). Seven genera (Lactobacillus, Gilliamella, Bifidobacterium, Commensalibacter, Bartonella, Snodgrassella, and Frischella), known to include core gut-associated phylotypes or species clusters, dominated (92-100%) the bacterial assemblages. Significant variations were found in taxa distribution across both geographical regions and within each apiary. Lactobacillus (Firmicutes) prevailed significantly in the mountain locality followed by Gilliamella and Bartonella (Proteobacteria). Bacteria of four genera, core (Bartonella and Lactobacillus) and non-core (Pseudomonas and Morganella), dominated the bee-associated assemblages of the Danube plain locality. Several ubiquitous bacterial genera (e.g., Klebsiella, Serratia, and Providencia), some species known also as potential and opportunistic bee pathogens, had been found in the lowland locality. Beta diversity analyses confirmed the observed differences in the bacterial communities from both localities. The occurrence of non-core taxa contributes substantially to higher microbial richness and diversity in bees from the Danube plain locality. We assume that the observed differences in the microbiota of honey bees from both apiaries are due to a combination of factors specific for each region. The surrounding landscape features of both localities and related vegetation, anthropogenic impact and land use intensity, the beekeeping management practices, and bee health status might all contribute to observed differences in bee microbiota traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Lazarova
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Lozanova
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Environmental Risk Assessment and Conservation Biology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boyko Neov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Shumkova
- Research Centre of Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 4700 Smolyan, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Balkanska
- Department 'Special Branches', Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Academy, 2230 Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Palova
- Scientific Center of Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, Sredets 8300, Bulgaria
| | - Delka Salkova
- Department of Experimental Parasitology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Radoslavov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter Hristov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Mills TJT, Nelson TM, Pearson LA, Neilan BA. Hive Transplantation Has Minimal Impact on the Core Gut Microbiome of the Australian Stingless Bee, Tetragonula carbonaria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2086-2096. [PMID: 37088849 PMCID: PMC10497653 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria residing in the guts of pollinating insects play a key role in nutrient acquisition, digestion, and resistance to pests and diseases. Imbalances in microbial flora in response to environmental change and stress can therefore impact insect health and resilience. This study is aimed at defining the core gut microbiome of the Australian native stingless bee, Tetragonula carbonaria, and exploring the impact of colony transplantation on gut health. The gut microbiomes of nine forager bees from natural (log) and manufactured (box) hives were examined via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Some differences were observed at the ASV level between the microbiomes of log and box hive bees. However, a core microbiome, dominated by Lactobacillus spp., unclassified Acetobacteraceae spp., and Bombella spp., was maintained. Further, the inferred functional potential of the microbiomes was consistent across all individuals. This study highlights that although hive transplantation has an impact on the overall diversity of stingless bee gut microbiomes, it is unlikely to have a significant negative impact on the overall health and resilience of the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J T Mills
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T M Nelson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L A Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B A Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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15
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Ben-Miled H, Semmar N, Castellanos MS, Ben-Mahrez K, Benoit-Biancamano MO, Réjiba S. Effect of honey bee forage plants in Tunisia on diversity and antibacterial potential of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria from Apis mellifera intermissa and its products. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:295. [PMID: 37480514 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria (LAB and Bifido), isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Apis mellifera intermissa (BGIT), honey (H), propolis (P) and bee bread (BB) of hives set in different vegetations (wildflowers, caraway, orange blossom, Marrubium vulgare, Eucalyptus and Erica cinerea), were subjected to analysis of their antibacterial potential. Isolates able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus were selected and identified with MALDI-TOF MS leading to 154 strains representing 12 LAB and Bifido species. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecalis were predominantly found in all matrices. BGIT showed the highest LAB and Bifido diversity with exclusive occurrences of five species (including Bifidobacterium asteroides and Limosilactobacillus fermentum). Honey was the second origin harboring an important variety of LAB species of which Apilactobacillus kunkeei and Enterococcus mundtii were characteristic of both H and BGIT. Principal components analysis revealed associations between antibacterial activities of LAB and Bifido, matrices and honey bee forage plants. Inhibition trends of S. aureus and Citrobacter freundii were highlighted with: L. plantarum from BGIT, P, H of bees feeding on E. cinerea; Pediococcus pentosaceus from BGIT, P, BB associated with E. cinerea; and Bifidobacterium asteroides from BGIT/orange blossom system. However, Enterococcus faecium associated with BGIT/Eucalyptus system antagonized Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Our findings highlighted noteworthy effects of bee forage plants on the antibacterial activity of LAB and Bifido. Our approach could be useful to identify multiple conditions promoting antibacterial potency of LAB and Bifido under the combined effects of feeding plants and living matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ben-Miled
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Semmar
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Miguel Sautié Castellanos
- Plateforme IA-Agrosanté, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Kamel Ben-Mahrez
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Samia Réjiba
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, BP-66, 2020, Ariana, Tunis, Tunisia.
- University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.
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16
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Ben-Miled H, Benoit-Biancamano MO, Ben-Mahrez K, Réjiba S. Alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase inhibitory properties, beta-galactosidase activity, and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria from Apis mellifera intermissa and its products. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:205. [PMID: 37221413 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, and β-galactosidase production of 19 non haemolytic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria previously identified and isolated from honey bee gastrointestinal tract (BGIT) of Apis mellifera intermissa, honey, propolis and bee bread. The isolates were screened according to their high resistance to lysozyme and potent antibacterial activity. Our results indicated that among the 19 isolates, Limosilactobacillus fermentum BGITE12.2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGITEC13, Limosilactobacillus fermentum BGITEC5.1 and Bifidobacterium asteroides BGITOB8, isolated from BGIT exhibited a good tolerance to 100 mg/mL lysozyme (> 82%), excellent tolerance to 0.5% bile salt [survival rate (SR) ≥ 83.19% ± 0.01], and a high SR (≥ 80.0%) under gastrointestinal tract conditions. The auto-aggregation ability was high (auto-aggregation index ranging from 67.14 ± 0.16 to 92.8% ± 0.03) for L. fermentum BGITE12.2, L. plantarum BGITEC13, and B. asteroides BGITOB8, and moderate for L. fermentum BGITEC5.1 (39.08% ± 0.11). Overall, the four isolates showed moderate co-aggregation capacity with pathogenic bacteria. They exhibited from moderate to high hydrophobicity towards toluene and xylene. The safety assessment revealed that the four isolates lacked gelatinase and mucinolytic activities. Also, they were susceptible to ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. Interestingly, the four isolates showed α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities ranging from 37.08 ± 0.12 to 57.57% ± 0.1 and from 68.30 ± 0.09 to 79.42% ± 0.09, respectively. Moreover, L. fermentum BGITE12.2, L. plantarum BGITEC13, L. fermentum BGITEC5.1 isolates exhibited β-galactosidase activity over a wide range of 52.49 ± 0.24-746.54 ± 0.25 Miller Units. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the four isolates could be potential candidates for probiotics with interesting functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ben-Miled
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Kamel Ben-Mahrez
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Réjiba
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana-Tunis, University of Manouba, Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Kim DY, Maeng S, Cho SJ, Park HJ, Kim K, Lee JK, Srinivasan S. The Ascosphaera apis Infection (Chalkbrood Disease) Alters the Gut Bacteriome Composition of the Honeybee. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050734. [PMID: 37242403 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The declining honeybee populations are a significant risk to the productivity and security of agriculture worldwide. Although there are many causes of these declines, parasites are a significant one. Disease glitches in honeybees have been identified in recent years and increasing attention has been paid to addressing the issue. Between 30% and 40% of all managed honeybee colonies in the USA have perished annually over the past few years. American foulbrood (AFB) and European foulbrood (EFB) have been reported as bacterial diseases, Nosema as a protozoan disease, and Chalkbrood and Stonebrood as fungal diseases. The study aims to compare the bacterial community related to the Nosema ceranae and Ascosphaera apis infection on the gut of the honeybee and compare it with the weakly active honeybees. The Nosema-infected honeybees contain the phyla Proteobacteria as the significantly dominant bacterial phyla, similar to the weakly active honeybees. In contrast, the Ascosphaera (Chalkbrood) infected honeybee contains large amounts of Firmicutes rather than Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Maeng
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jin Park
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
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Liang Y, Yang L, Wang Y, Tang T, Liu F, Zhang F. Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP-SC) shapes gut microbiota richness, diversity and composition by modulating immunity in the house fly Musca domestica. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:200-212. [PMID: 36522831 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of all animals, including insects, is colonized by a remarkable array of microorganisms which are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. The hosts establish mutually beneficial interactions with the gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms shaping these interactions remain to be better understood. Here, we investigated the roles of Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (MdPGRP-SC), a secreted pattern recognition receptor, in shaping the gut microbial community structure by using biochemical and high-throughput sequencing approaches. The recombinant MdPGRP-SC (rMdPGRP-SC) could strongly bind various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide and D-galactose, and exhibited mild affinity to β-1, 3-glucan and D-mannose. Meanwhile, rMdPGRP-SC could also bind different kinds of microorganisms, including gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Pichia pastoris). rMdPGRP-SC also exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Knockdown of MdPGRP-SC by RNAi reduced the persistence of ingested E. coli and a load of indigenous microbiota in the larval gut significantly. In addition, depleted MdPGRP-SC also altered the gut microbiota composition and led to increased ratios of Gram-negative bacteria. We hypothesize that MdPGRP-SC is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis by modulating the immune intensity of the gut through multiple mechanisms, including degrading or neutralizing various PAMPs and selectively suppressing the growth of some bacteria. Considering the functional conservation of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family in insects, the catalytic PGRPs might be promising candidate targets not only for pest and vector control but also for the treatment of bacterial infection in insect farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ting Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Carvajal RI, Silva-Mieres F, Ilabaca A, Rocha J, Arellano-Arriagada L, Zuniga Arbalti FA, García-Cancino A. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus casei A14.2, a strain with immunomodulating activity on Apis mellifera. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103612. [PMID: 36936701 PMCID: PMC10020679 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the economic and environmental role played by bees and their present threats it is necessary to develop food supplements favoring their health. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize an immunomodulating probiotic capable to improve the health of honeybee colonies. For this purpose, bacterial strains were isolated from Apis mellifera bees (N = 180) obtained at three apiaries. A total of 44 strains were isolated and 9 of them were identified as Lactobacillus having the capacity to grow under saccharose osmotic stress, at pH 4.0 and possessing a wide susceptibility to antibiotics. Results allowed to select two strains but finally only one of them, strain A14.2 showed a very significant immunomodulating activity. This strain increased the expression of mRNA codifying the antimicrobial peptides 24 h post-administration. We evaluated its growth kinetics under aerobic and microaerobic conditions and its survival in the presence of high concentrations of saccharose. Results demonstrated that Lactobacillus casei A14.2 strain was highly tolerant to oxygen and that it was able to adapt to saccharose enriched environments (50% and 100% w/v). Finally, L. casei A14.2 strain was administered monthly during summer and early fall to 4 honeybee colonies (2 controls and 2 treatments). The results showed a gradual sustained decrease of infestation (p < 0.05) by the pathogenic Nosema spp. but no reduction in the infestation by the mite Varroa destructor. These results suggest that the administration of this potential probiotic, may increase the resistance of honeybee colonies to infectious diseases caused by Nosema spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina I. Carvajal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Fabiola Silva-Mieres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Alejandra Ilabaca
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Luciano Arellano-Arriagada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Zuniga Arbalti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Corresponding author.
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Leska A, Nowak A, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Ryngajłło M, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH. Characterization and Protective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Intended to Be Used in Probiotic Preparation for Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)—An In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061059. [PMID: 36978601 PMCID: PMC10044574 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used probiotics and offer promising prospects for increasing the viability of honeybees. Thus, the probiotic potential of 10 LAB strains was determined, which in our previous studies showed the most potent protective abilities. In the current study, we investigated various properties of probiotic candidates. The tested LAB strains varied in susceptibility to tested antibiotics. Isolates showed high viability in sugar syrups and gastrointestinal conditions. None of the LAB strains exhibited β-hemolytic activity, mutual antagonism, mucin degradation, hydrogen peroxide production capacity, or bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of LAB cell-free supernatants (CFS) was assessed, as well as the effect of CFS from P. pentosaceus 14/1 on the cytotoxicity of coumaphos and chlorpyrifos in the Caco-2 cell line. The viability of Caco-2 cells reached up to 89.81% in the presence of the highest concentration of CFS. Furthermore, LAB metabolites decreased the cytotoxicity of insecticides (up to 19.32%) thus demonstrating cytoprotective activity. All tested LAB strains produced lactic, acetic, and malonic acids. This research allowed the selection of the most effective LAB strains, in terms of probiosis, for future in vivo studies aimed at developing an ecologically protective biopreparation for honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Henryka Czarnecka-Chrebelska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, 5 Mazowiecka Str. (A-6 Building), 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Ye M, Li X, Yang F, Zhou B. Beneficial bacteria as biocontrol agents for American foulbrood disease in honey bees (Apis mellifera). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36947033 PMCID: PMC10032306 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
American foulbrood (AFB) is a cosmopolitan bacterial disease that affects honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae and causes great economic losses in apiculture. Currently, no satisfactory methods are available for AFB treatment mainly due to the difficulties to eradicate the tenacious spores produced by the etiological agent of AFB, Paenibacillus larvae (Bacillales, Paenibacillaceae). This present review focused on the beneficial bacteria that displayed antagonistic activities against P. larvae and demonstrated potential in AFB control. Emphases were placed on commensal bacteria (genus Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria in particular) in the alimentary tract of honey bees. The probiotic roles lactic acid bacteria play in combating the pathogenic P. larvae and the limitations referring to the application of these beneficial bacteria were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhong Ye
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang G, Olsson RL, Hopkins BK. Strategies and techniques to mitigate the negative impacts of pesticide exposure to honey bees. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120915. [PMID: 36563989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to support food, fiber, and fuel production around the world, billions of kilograms of pesticides are applied to crop fields every year to suppress pests, plant diseases and weeds. These fields are often home to the most important commercial pollinators, honey bees (Apis spp.), which improve yield and quality of many agricultural products. The pesticides applied to support crop health can be detrimental to honey bee health. The conflict of pesticide use and reliance on honey bees contributes to significant honey bee colony losses across the world. Recommendations for reducing impact on honey bees are generally suggested in literature, pesticide regulations, and by crop consultants, but without a considerable discussion of the realistic limitations of protecting honey bees. New techniques in farming and beekeeping can reduce pesticide exposure through reduction in bee exposure, reduced toxicity of pesticides, and remedies that can be in response to exposure. However, lack of assessment of those new techniques under a systematical, comprehensive framework may overestimate or underestimate these techniques' potential to protect honey bees from pesticide damage. In this review, we summarize the current and arising strategies and techniques with the goal to inspire the development and adoption of pesticide mitigation practices for both agriculture and apiculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington State 99164, United State of America.
| | - Rae L Olsson
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington State 99164, United State of America
| | - Brandon Kingsley Hopkins
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington State 99164, United State of America
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Chemical Profiling and Nutritional Evaluation of Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Royal Jelly and Their Role in Functional Fermented Dairy Products. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010227. [PMID: 36615421 PMCID: PMC9822387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Honeybee products, as multicomponent substances, have been a focus of great interest. The present work aimed to perform the nutritional and chemical profiling and biochemical characterization of bee pollen (BP), bee bread (BB), and royal jelly (RJ) and study their applications in the fortification of functional fermented dairy products. Their effects on starter cultures and the physicochemical and sensorial quality of products were monitored. A molecular networking analysis identified a total of 46 compounds in the three bee products that could be potential medicines, including flavonoids, fatty acids, and peptides. BB showed the highest protein and sugar contents (22.57 and 26.78 g/100 g), which cover 45.14 and 53.56% of their daily values (DVs), with considerable amounts of the essential amino acids threonine and lysine (59.50 and 42.03%). BP, BB, and RJ can be considered sources of iron, as 100 g can cover 141, 198.5, and 94.94% of DV%, respectively. BP was revealed to have the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (105.68 and 43.91 µg/g) and showed a synergetic effect when mixed with RJ, resulting in increased antioxidant activity, while BB showed a synergetic effect when mixed with RJ in terms of both antioxidant and proteolytic powers (IC50 7.54, 11.55, 12.15, 12.50, and 12.65 cP compared to the control (10.55 cP)), reflecting their organoleptic properties and highlighting these health-oriented products as promising natural products for human health care.
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Dequenne I, Philippart de Foy JM, Cani PD. Developing Strategies to Help Bee Colony Resilience in Changing Environments. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233396. [PMID: 36496917 PMCID: PMC9737243 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, loss of plant biodiversity, burdens caused by new pathogens, predators, and toxins due to human disturbance and activity are significant causes of the loss of bee colonies and wild bees. The aim of this review is to highlight some possible strategies that could help develop bee resilience in facing their changing environments. Scientists underline the importance of the links between nutrition, microbiota, and immune and neuroendocrine stress resistance of bees. Nutrition with special care for plant-derived molecules may play a major role in bee colony health. Studies have highlighted the importance of pollen, essential oils, plant resins, and leaves or fungi as sources of fundamental nutrients for the development and longevity of a honeybee colony. The microbiota is also considered as a key factor in bee physiology and a cornerstone between nutrition, metabolism, growth, health, and pathogen resistance. Another stressor is the varroa mite parasite. This parasite is a major concern for beekeepers and needs specific strategies to reduce its severe impact on honeybees. Here we discuss how helping bees to thrive, especially through changing environments, is of great concern for beekeepers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dequenne
- J-M Philippart de Foy & I Dequenne Consultation, Avenue Orban, 127, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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First report on isolation of Mucor bainieri from honeybees, Apis mellifera: Characterization and biological activities. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 36:e00770. [PMID: 36338578 PMCID: PMC9634281 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The schematic mechanism for R1234yf combustion were revealed in unimolecular lysis reactions, colliding reactions with oxygen molecules, collision reaction with active radicals (H and OH radicals). The new chemical reaction equations for the combustion of R1234yf were proposed. This paper provided an effective method to establish the combustion mechanism of flammable hydrofluoroolefins.
Fungi are potential biocontrol agents and rich sources of secondary metabolites with demonstrated biological activities. This study aimed to isolate and identify fungi from surface-sterilized honeybees (Apis mellifera), as well as to evaluate their biological activities. One fungal isolate was obtained and identified morphologically and genetically as Mucor bainieri MK-Bee-2. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of fungus crude extract, showed the existence of six major metabolites representing 92.48% of the total peak area. The crude extract of Mucor bainieri MK-Bee-2 was tested for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. It demonstrated wide antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as Candida albicans, with MIC values ranged from 62.5 to 250 µg/ml. The results revealed that the extract exhibited considerable antioxidant activities indicated by strong inhibition of both DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Additionally, the extract exhibited greater potential anticancer activity against both adenocarcinomic human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) [IC50 = 6.45 μg/ml], and immortal cell line hepatoma G2 (HepG2) human liver cancer cells [IC50 = 27.48 μg/ml] and higher selectivity in cancer cells than normal cell lines. Furthermore, the extract showed less cytotoxic activity against normal cells with higher IC50 values of 106.99 and 132.57 μg/ml against human lung fibroblast Wistar-38 (Wi-38) and oral epithelial cells (OEC), respectively. Taken together, the Mucor bainieri MK-Bee-2 extract comprises bioactive compounds as promising potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of lung cancer. Strikingly, the extract sensitizes the lung cancer cells A549 to the ionizing radiation through the pro-apoptotic pathway as indicated by the annexin V flow cytometry analysis which showed that the extract reduced the apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
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Querejeta M, Hervé V, Perdereau E, Marchal L, Herniou EA, Boyer S, Giron D. Changes in Bacterial Community Structure Across the Different Life Stages of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02146-x. [PMID: 36434303 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The digestive capacity of organic compounds by the black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Linnaeus, 1758) is known to rely on complex larva-microbiota interactions. Although insect development is known to be a driver of changes of bacterial communities, the fluctuations along BSF life cycle in terms of composition and diversity of bacterial communities are still unknown. In this work, we used a metabarcoding approach to explore the differences in bacterial diversity along all four BSF developmental stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult. We detected not only significant differences in bacterial community composition and species richness along the development of BSF, but also nine prevalent amplicon single variants (ASVs) forming the core microbiota. Out of the 2010 ASVs identified, 160 were significantly more abundant in one of the life stages. Moreover, using PICRUSt2, we inferred 27 potential metabolic pathways differentially used among the BSF life cycle. This distribution of metabolic pathways was congruent with the bacterial taxonomic distribution among life stages, demonstrating that the functional requirements of each phase of development are drivers of bacterial composition and diversity. This study provides a better understanding of the different metabolic processes occurring during BSF development and their links to changes in bacterial taxa. This information has important implications for improving bio-waste processing in such an economically important insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Querejeta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France.
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Elfie Perdereau
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lorène Marchal
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Boyer
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Binding and Detoxification of Insecticides by Potentially Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) Environment-An In Vitro Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233743. [PMID: 36496999 PMCID: PMC9740702 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) naturally inhabiting the digestive tract of honeybees are known for their ability to detoxify xenobiotics. The effect of chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, and imidacloprid on the growth of LAB strains was tested. All strains showed high resistance to these insecticides. Subsequently, the insecticide binding ability of LAB was investigated. Coumaphos and chlorpyrifos were bound to the greatest extent (up to approx. 64%), and imidacloprid to a much weaker extent (up to approx. 36%). The insecticides were detected in extra- and intracellular extracts of the bacterial cell wall. The ability of selected LAB to reduce the cyto- and genotoxicity of insecticides was tested on two normal (ovarian insect Sf-9 and rat intestinal IEC-6) cell lines and one cancer (human intestinal Caco-2) cell line. All strains exhibited various levels of reduction in the cyto- and genotoxicity of tested insecticides. It seems that coumaphos was detoxified most potently. The detoxification abilities depended on the insecticide, LAB strain, and cell line. The detoxification of insecticides in the organisms of honeybees may reduce the likelihood of the penetration of these toxins into honeybee products consumed by humans and may contribute to the improvement of the condition in apiaries and honeybee health.
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Lanh PT, Duong BTT, Thu HT, Hoa NT, Yoo MS, Cho YS, Quyen DV. The Gut Microbiota at Different Developmental Stages of Apis cerana Reveals Potential Probiotic Bacteria for Improving Honeybee Health. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1938. [PMID: 36296213 PMCID: PMC9607016 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Honeybees play a vital role in the ecological environment and agricultural economy. Increasing evidence shows that the gut microbiome greatly influences the host's health. Therefore, a thorough understanding of gut bacteria composition can lead to the development of probiotics specific for each development stage of honeybees. In this study, the gut microbiota at different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adults) of the honeybees Apis cerana in Hanoi, Vietnam, was assessed by sequencing the V3-V4 region in the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. The results indicated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota varied over the investigated stages of A. cenara. All three bee groups showed relative abundance at both phylum and family levels. In larvae, Firmicutes were the most predominant (81.55%); however, they decreased significantly along with the bee development (33.7% in pupae and 10.3% in adults) in favor of Proteobacteria. In the gut of adult bees, four of five core bacteria were found, including Gilliamella apicola group (34.01%) Bifidobacterium asteroides group (10.3%), Lactobacillus Firm-4 (2%), and Lactobacillus Firm-5 (1%). In contrast, pupae and larvae lacked almost all core bacteria except G. apicola (4.13%) in pupae and Lactobacillus Firm-5 (4.04%) in larvae. This is the first report on the gut microbiota community at different developmental stages of A. cerana in Vietnam and provides potential probiotic species for beekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Lanh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Thu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Mi Sun Yoo
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
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Oliphant SA, Watson-Haigh NS, Sumby KM, Gardner J, Groom S, Jiranek V. Apilactobacillus apisilvae sp. nov., Nicolia spurrieriana gen. nov. sp. nov., Bombilactobacillus folatiphilus sp. nov. and Bombilactobacillus thymidiniphilus sp. nov., four new lactic acid bacterial isolates from stingless bees Tetragonula carbonaria and Austroplebeia australis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains, SG5_A10T, SGEP1_A5T, SG4_D2T, and SG4_A1T, were isolated from the honey or homogenate of Australian stingless bee species Tetragonula carbonaria and Austroplebeia australis. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, core gene phylogenetics, whole genome analyses such as determination of amino acid identity (AAI), cAAI of conserved genes, average nucleotide identity (ANI), and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), chemotaxonomic analyses, and the novel isolation sources and unique geography, we propose three new species and one genus with the names Apilactobacillus apisilvae sp. nov. (SG5_A10T = LMG 32133T = NBRC 114991T), Bombilactobacillus thymidiniphilus sp. nov. (SG4_A1T = LMG 32125T = NBRC 114984T), Bombilactobacillus folatiphilus sp. nov. (SG4_D2T = LMG 32126T = NBRC 115004T) and Nicolia spurrieriana sp. nov. (SGEP1_A5T = LMG 32134T = NBRC 114992T). Three out of the four strains were found to be fructophilic, where SG5_A10T and SGEP1_A5T belong to obligately fructophilic lactic acid bacteria, and SG4_D2T representing a new type denoted here as kinetically fructophilic. This study represents the first published lactic acid bacterial species associated with the unique niche of Australian stingless bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Oliphant
- Department of Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nathan S. Watson-Haigh
- Australian Genome Research Facility, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- South Australian Genomics Centre (SAGC), SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Krista M. Sumby
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Department of Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gardner
- Department of Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Scott Groom
- Department of Agricultural Science, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vladimir Jiranek
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Department of Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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Zhang ZJ, Zheng H. Bumblebees with the socially transmitted microbiome: A novel model organism for gut microbiota research. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:958-976. [PMID: 35567381 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eusocial bumble and honey bees are important pollinators for global ecology and the agricultural economy. Although both the bumble and honey bees possess similar and host-restricted gut microbiota, they differ in aspects of morphology, autonomy, physiology, behavior, and life cycle. The social bee gut bacteria exhibit host specificity that is likely a result of long-term co-evolution. The unique life cycle of bumblebees is key for the acquisition and development of their gut microbiota, and affects the strain-level diversity of the core bacterial species. Studies on bumblebee gut bacteria show that they retain less functional capacity for carbohydrate metabolism compared with that of the honeybee. We discuss the potential roles of the bumblebee gut microbiota against pathogenic threats and the application of host-specific probiotics for bumblebees. Given the advantages of the bumblebee microbiome, including the simple structure and host specificity, and the ease of manipulating bumblebee colonies, we propose that bumblebees may provide a valuable system for understanding the general principles of host-microbe interactions, gut-brain axis, and vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ahmad W, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, El Arab J, Akhtar K, Prakash S, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Novel Apilactobacillus Species from Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) Gut Reveals Occurrence of Genetic Elements Coding Prebiotic and Probiotic Traits. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050904. [PMID: 35630349 PMCID: PMC9147854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus spp. are classified as obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that inhabit fructose-rich niches such as honeybee gut. Lactic acid bacteria are an important component of the gut microbiome and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. In this study, a new FLAB strain HBW1, capable of producing glucan-type exopolysaccharide, was isolated from giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) gut and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WHS) to determine its health-beneficial traits. The genome size of the isolate was 1.49 Mb with a GC content of 37.2%. For species level identity, 16S rDNA sequence similarity, genome to genome distance calculator (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate HBW1 belongs to the Apilactobacillus genus. The dDDH and ANI values in comparison with closely clustered Apilactobacillus kunkeei species were 52% and 93.10%, respectively. Based on these values, we concluded that HBW1 is a novel species of Apilactobacillus, and we propose the name Apilactobacillus waqarii HBW1 for it. Further, WHS data mining of HBW1 revealed that it harbors two glucosyltransferase genes for prebiotic glucan-type exopolysaccharide synthesis. Moreover, chaperon (clp) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrA, msrB, and msrC) genes as well as nutritional marker genes for folic acid (folD) and riboflavin biosynthesis (rib operon), important for conferring probiotic properties, were also detected. Occurrence of these genetic traits make HBW1 an excellent candidate for application to improve gut function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Shazia Khaliq
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Nasrin Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Jamilah El Arab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Munir A. Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.M.)
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Ahmad W, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, El Arab J, Akhtar K, Prakash S, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Novel Apilactobacillus Species from Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) Gut Reveals Occurrence of Genetic Elements Coding Prebiotic and Probiotic Traits. Microorganisms 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus spp. are classified as obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that inhabit fructose-rich niches such as honeybee gut. Lactic acid bacteria are an important component of the gut microbiome and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. In this study, a new FLAB strain HBW1, capable of producing glucan-type exopolysaccharide, was isolated from giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) gut and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WHS) to determine its health-beneficial traits. The genome size of the isolate was 1.49 Mb with a GC content of 37.2%. For species level identity, 16S rDNA sequence similarity, genome to genome distance calculator (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate HBW1 belongs to the Apilactobacillus genus. The dDDH and ANI values in comparison with closely clustered Apilactobacillus kunkeei species were 52% and 93.10%, respectively. Based on these values, we concluded that HBW1 is a novel species of Apilactobacillus, and we propose the name Apilactobacillus waqarii HBW1 for it. Further, WHS data mining of HBW1 revealed that it harbors two glucosyltransferase genes for prebiotic glucan-type exopolysaccharide synthesis. Moreover, chaperon (clp) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrA, msrB, and msrC) genes as well as nutritional marker genes for folic acid (folD) and riboflavin biosynthesis (rib operon), important for conferring probiotic properties, were also detected. Occurrence of these genetic traits make HBW1 an excellent candidate for application to improve gut function.
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Fungal Community Investigation from Propolis Natural Products: Diversity and Antibacterial Activities Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7151655. [PMID: 35469159 PMCID: PMC9034937 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7151655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovering new species and interesting bioactive metabolites from customary sources is becoming progressively laborious. Propolis constitutes the largest diversified reserve of microbial constituents in the beehive. However, fungal communities associated with these environments remain insufficiently established. We present the first detailed investigation of the cultivable fungal community associated with Tunisian propolis, and we evaluate its antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria. A total of 80 fungal strains were isolated from propolis samples derived from seven different Tunisian locations. The majority of the isolated fungi were classified as Ascomycota (97.5%), and only 2.5% belonged to Basidiomycota. Our collection was clustered into 15 genera, among which Coniochaeta (36.25%), Aspergillus (15%), Penicillium (13.75%), Cladosporium (10%), Fusarium (7.5%), Didymella (5%), and Alternaria (3.75%) were the most common. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity revealed that 25.6% of the total community showed a broad range of antibacterial activity. Particularly, the Penicillium griseofulvum CC8 strain has manifested the strongest inhibitory effects against all the tested bacteria.
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Functional Properties and Antimicrobial Activity from Lactic Acid Bacteria as Resources to Improve the Health and Welfare of Honey Bees. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030308. [PMID: 35323606 PMCID: PMC8953987 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Honey bees play a pivotal role in the sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity. Many factors including parasites, pathogens, pesticide residues, forage losses, and poor nutrition have been proposed to explain honey bee colony losses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of honey bees and their role has been consistently reported in the literature. In recent years, there have been numerous scientific evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in honey bee health. Management strategies, based on supplementation of the gut microbiota with probiotics, may be important to increase stress tolerance and disease resistance. In this review, recent scientific advances on the use of LABs as microbial supplements in the diet of honey bees are summarized and discussed. Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are agriculturally important pollinators. Over the past decades, significant losses of wild and domestic bees have been reported in many parts of the world. Several biotic and abiotic factors, such as change in land use over time, intensive land management, use of pesticides, climate change, beekeeper’s management practices, lack of forage (nectar and pollen), and infection by parasites and pathogens, negatively affect the honey bee’s well-being and survival. The gut microbiota is important for honey bee growth and development, immune function, protection against pathogen invasion; moreover, a well-balanced microbiota is fundamental to support honey bee health and vigor. In fact, the structure of the bee’s intestinal bacterial community can become an indicator of the honey bee’s health status. Lactic acid bacteria are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of many insects, and their presence in the honey bee intestinal tract has been consistently reported in the literature. In the first section of this review, recent scientific advances in the use of LABs as probiotic supplements in the diet of honey bees are summarized and discussed. The second section discusses some of the mechanisms by which LABs carry out their antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Afterward, individual paragraphs are dedicated to Chalkbrood, American foulbrood, European foulbrood, Nosemosis, and Varroosis as well as to the potentiality of LABs for their biological control.
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Pino A, Benkaddour B, Inturri R, Amico P, Vaccaro SC, Russo N, Vaccalluzzo A, Agolino G, Caggia C, Miloud H, Randazzo CL. Characterization of Bifidobacterium asteroides Isolates. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030655. [PMID: 35336230 PMCID: PMC8950671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria have long been recognized as bacteria with probiotic and therapeutic features. The aim of this work is to characterize the Bifidobacterium asteroides BA15 and BA17 strains, isolated from honeybee gut, to evaluate its safety for human use. An in-depth assessment was carried out on safety properties (antibiotic resistance profiling, β-hemolytic, DNase and gelatinase activities and virulence factor presence) and other properties (antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, both strains satisfied all the safety requirements. More specifically, genome analysis showed the absence of genes encoding for glycopeptide (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, vanC-2, vanD, vanE, vanG), resistance to tetracycline (tetM, tetL and tetO) and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bachir Benkaddour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran1, Oran 31000, Algeria; (B.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Rosanna Inturri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.I.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Pietro Amico
- Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Susanna C. Vaccaro
- Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Amanda Vaccalluzzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Agolino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Hadadji Miloud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran1, Oran 31000, Algeria; (B.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Cinzia L. Randazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.I.); (C.L.R.)
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Li TT, Gu CT. Lactobacillus huangpiensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus laiwuensis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of honeybee (Apis mellifera). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains were isolated from the gut of honeybee (Apis mellifera) in China. These strains were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The data demonstrated that three of the four strains represented two novel species of the genus
Lactobacillus
, strains F306-1T and F551-2T were designated as the type strains. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains F306-1T, F447 and F551-2T were phylogenetically related to the type strains of
Lactobacillus kimbladii
and
Lactobacillus kullabergensis
, having 99.1–99.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence (about 1400 bp) similarities. The phylogenetic tree based on concatenated pheS, rpoA, gyrB, hsp60, recA, rpoB and tuf sequences (4114 bp) and the phylogenomic tree based on whole genome sequences indicated that strains F306-1T and F447 were most closely related to
L. kullabergensis
Biut2NT, and strain F551-2T was most closely related to
L. kimbladii
Hma2NT. Strains F306-1T and F447 shared 99.9 % average nucleotide identity (ANI), 99.7 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and 99.9 % average amino acid identity (AAI) values, indicating that they belong to the same species. Strain F306-1T exhibited the highest ANI (94.4 %), dDDH (56.7 %) and AAI (94.7 %) values to
L. kullabergensis
Biut2NT. Strain F551-2T had the highest ANI (94.0 %), dDDH (54.3 %) and AAI (95.8 %) values with
L. kimbladii
Hma2NT. Acid production from amygdalin, maltose, starch, gentiobiose and turanose, activity of esterase (C4) and α-glucosidase, growth with 3 % NaCl at 37 °C under strict anaerobic condition (on mMRS agar plates), and growth with 1–6% NaCl at 37 °C under aerobic condition (on mMRS agar plates supplemented with 0.05 % cysteine or with 1 % cysteine and 2 % fructose) could differentiate strains F306-1T and F447 from
L. kullabergensis
DSM 26262T. Acid production from d-glucose, arbutin and gentiobiose, growth with 3 % NaCl at 37 °C under strict anaerobic condition (on mMRS agar plates), and growth at 45 °C under strict anaerobic condition (on mMRS agar plates) could differentiate strain F551-2T from
L. kimbladii
DSM 26263T. Based upon the data obtained in the present study, two novel species, Lactobacillus huangpiensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus laiwuensis sp. nov., are proposed and the type strains are F306-1T (=LMG 32144T=JCM 34361T=CCTCC AB 2020300T) and F551-2T (=JCM 34502T=CCTCC AB 2021027T), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chun Tao Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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Use of Lactobacillus plantarum in Preventing Clinical Cases of American and European Foulbrood in Central Italy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
American and European Foulbrood (AFB and EFB) are considered the most contagious infectious diseases affecting honeybees worldwide. New sustainable strategies need to be implemented for their prevention and control, and probiotics may represent one solution to investigate. In our study, we evaluated the efficacy of one strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) isolated from northern Italy, orally administered to the bees for AFB and EFB prevention. From March to September 2014, a total of 979 honeybee colonies (9.6% of Viterbo province—Central Italy) were taken under observation from 22 apiaries. Overall prevalence of AFB was 5.3% in treated colonies and 5.1% in the untreated ones. On the contrary, EFB prevalence was lower in the treated colonies (2.5%) compared to the untreated ones (4.5%). L. plantarum showed a significant effect in reducing insurgence of cases of EFB up to 35 days after the end of the treatment (p-value: 0.034). Thanks to this study we could investigate the preventive efficacy of L. plantarum in controlling AFB and EFB, and obtain official data on their clinical prevalence in Central Italy.
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Toutiaee S, Mojgani N, Harzandi N, Moharrami M, Mokhberosafa L. In vitro probiotic and safety attributes of Bacillus spp. isolated from beebread, honey samples and digestive tract of honeybees Apis mellifera. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:656-665. [PMID: 35000212 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species isolated from honeybee Apis mellifera gut, honey and bee bread samples were characterized for their in vitro probiotic and safety attributes. Alpha and γ haemolytic cultures were tested for their antibiotic resistance, antibacterial spectrum, acid and bile tolerance, adhesion ability (auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity) and phenol tolerance. Safety criteria included evaluation of virulence genes and cytotoxicity percentages. Bacillus isolates inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans, while none could inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. Among the isolates, Bacillus subtilis ZH05, ZB03 and ZG025 showed resistance to most of the tested antibiotics and were considered unsafe. B. subtilis (4) and B. licheniformis (1) tolerated acidic pH and bile conditions, never the less were more tolerant in simulated intestinal conditions vis-a-vis gastric conditions. In 0·5% phenol concentrations, B. licheniformis ZH02 showed highest growth, while, B. subtilis ZG029 demonstrated highest auto-aggregation (65 ± 4·6) and hydrophobicity (23 ± 3·6) percentages (P < 0·05). The isolates lacked virulence genes (hblA, hblC, hblD, nhe, cytK and ces), and their cytotoxic percentage on Caco-2 cell lines was ˂15%. Overall, honeybees appear to be a good source of Bacillus species exhibiting typical in vitro probiotic properties, which could be of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toutiaee
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - N Mojgani
- Biotechnology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Harzandi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Moharrami
- Honeybee, Silkworm and Wild Life Research Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Mokhberosafa
- Biotechnology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
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In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Apis dorsata Gut against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111401. [PMID: 34827339 PMCID: PMC8614935 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health and development concern on a global scale. The increasing resistance of the pathogenic bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics necessitates efforts to identify potential alternative antibiotics from nature, including insects, which are already recognized as a source of natural antibiotics by the scientific community. This study aimed to determine the potential of components of gut-associated bacteria isolated from Apis dorsata, an Asian giant honeybee, as an antibacterial against N. gonorrhoeae by in vitro and in silico methods as an initial process in the stage of new drug discovery. The identified gut-associated bacteria of A. dorsata included Acinetobacter indicus and Bacillus cereus with 100% identity to referenced bacteria from GenBank. Cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of B. cereus had a very strong antibacterial activity against N. gonorrhoeae in an in vitro antibacterial testing. Meanwhile, molecular docking revealed that antimicrobial lipopeptides from B. cereus (surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A) had a comparable value of binding-free energy (BFE) with the target protein receptor for N. gonorrhoeae, namely penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1 and PBP2 when compared with the ceftriaxone, cefixime, and doxycycline. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) study revealed that the surfactin remains stable at the active site of PBP2 despite the alteration of the H-bond and hydrophobic interactions. According to this finding, surfactin has the greatest antibacterial potential against PBP2 of N. gonorrhoeae.
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Liu P, Zhu Y, Ye L, Shi T, Li L, Cao H, Yu L. Overwintering honeybees maintained dynamic and stable intestinal bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22233. [PMID: 34782655 PMCID: PMC8593070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee is an important pollinator for maintaining ecological balance. However, scientist found the bizarre mass death of bees in winter. Meanwhile, some reported that the differences composed of intestinal bacteria between healthy honeybees and CCD honeybees. It is essential that explored dynamic changes to the intestinal bacteria in overwintering honeybees. We collected bee samples before overwintering, during prophase of overwintering, metaphase of overwintering, anaphase of overwintering, telophase of overwintering, and after overwintering. By using high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rDNA, the abundance of the intestinal bacteria were analyzed in overwintering honeybees. A total of 1,373,886 high-quality sequences were acquired and Proteobacteria (85.69%), Firmicutes (10.40%), Actinobacteria (3.66%), and Cyanobacteria (1.87%) were identified as major components of the intestinal bacteria. All core honeybee intestinal bacteria genera, such as Gilliamella, Bartonella, Snodgrassella, Lactobacillus, Frischella, Commensalibacter, and Bifidobacterium were detected. The abundance of Actinobacteria, Bartonella, and Bifidobacterium increased initially and then decreased in winter honeybees. There were no significant differences in the richness and evenness of the microbiota in overwintering honeybees; however, there was a statistically significant difference in the beta diversity of the intestinal bacteria after overwintering compared with that in other groups. Our results suggested that honeybees maintained their intestinal ecosystem balance, and increased the abundance of gut probiotics in response to environmental and nutrition pressures in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liang Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Leska A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Górczyńska A. Effects of Insecticides and Microbiological Contaminants on Apis mellifera Health. Molecules 2021; 26:5080. [PMID: 34443668 PMCID: PMC8398688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an alarming decline in the number of honey bee colonies. This phenomenon is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Bee products play a significant role in human life and have a huge impact on agriculture, therefore bees are an economically important species. Honey has found its healing application in various sectors of human life, as well as other bee products such as royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen. There are many putative factors of CCD, such as air pollution, GMO, viruses, or predators (such as wasps and hornets). It is, however, believed that pesticides and microorganisms play a huge role in the mass extinction of bee colonies. Insecticides are chemicals that are dangerous to both humans and the environment. They can cause enormous damage to bees' nervous system and permanently weaken their immune system, making them vulnerable to other factors. Some of the insecticides that negatively affect bees are, for example, neonicotinoids, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Microorganisms can cause various diseases in bees, weakening the health of the colony and often resulting in its extinction. Infection with microorganisms may result in the need to dispose of the entire hive to prevent the spread of pathogens to other hives. Many aspects of the impact of pesticides and microorganisms on bees are still unclear. The need to deepen knowledge in this matter is crucial, bearing in mind how important these animals are for human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Górczyńska
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
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Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060713. [PMID: 34199247 PMCID: PMC8231920 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of the study was the isolation and identification of bacteria that are present in mature bee bread (BB) and dried (ready for selling and consumption) bee pollen (BP). Obtained isolates were screened for their potential to inhibit select human pathogenic bacteria and their ability to produce enzymes of particular industrial importance. Four and five samples of BP and BB, respectively, were used for the study. In total, 81 strains of bacteria were isolated, and 34 (42%) of them exhibited antagonistic interactions with at least one reference strain of pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27857, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all strains producing antimicrobials belong to the genus Bacillus spp., and among them, five species were identified: B. pumilus (n = 17), B. altitudinis (n = 9), B. licheniformis (n = 4), B. subtilis (n = 2), and B. safensis (n = 1). Furthermore, 69, 54, 39, and 29 of the strains exhibited lipolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, and esterolytic activity, respectively. Alpha amylase and beta galactosidase activity were rarely observed, and none of the strains produced laccase. The outcomes of the study revealed that BP and BB can be considered potential sources of bacteria producing antimicrobial agents and/or enzymes of particular industrial importance. Of course, additional research is required to verify this hypothesis, but the results of preliminary studies are promising.
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