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Fabarius A, Samra V, Drews O, Mörz H, Bierbaum M, Darwich A, Weiss C, Brendel S, Kleiner H, Seifarth W, Greffrath W, Hofmann WK, Schmitt CA, Popp HD. Evidence for Recombinant GRP78, CALR, PDIA3 and GPI as Mediators of Genetic Instability in Human CD34+ Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2883. [PMID: 35740549 PMCID: PMC9221337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble factors released from irradiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may induce genetic instability in human CD34+ cells, potentially mediating hematologic disorders. Recently, we identified four key proteins in the secretome of X-ray-irradiated MSC, among them three endoplasmic reticulum proteins, the 78 kDa glucose-related protein (GRP78), calreticulin (CALR), and protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3), as well as the glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). Here, we demonstrate that exposition of CD34+ cells to recombinant GRP78, CALR, PDIA3 and GPI induces substantial genetic instability. Increased numbers of γH2AX foci (p < 0.0001), centrosome anomalies (p = 0.1000) and aberrant metaphases (p = 0.0022) were detected in CD34+ cells upon incubation with these factors. Specifically, γH2AX foci were found to be induced 4−5-fold in response to any individual of the four factors, and centrosome anomalies by 3−4 fold compared to control medium, which contained none of the recombinant proteins. Aberrant metaphases, not seen in the context of control medium, were detected to a similar extent than centrosome anomalies across the four factors. Notably, the strongest effects were observed when all four factors were collectively provided. In summary, our data suggest that specific components of the secretome from irradiated MSC act as mediators of genetic instability in CD34+ cells, thereby possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of radiation-induced hematologic disorders beyond direct radiation-evoked DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fabarius
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Vanessa Samra
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Oliver Drews
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Handan Mörz
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (H.M.); (W.G.)
| | - Miriam Bierbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Ali Darwich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Christel Weiss
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Susanne Brendel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Helga Kleiner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Seifarth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Greffrath
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (H.M.); (W.G.)
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Clemens A. Schmitt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning D. Popp
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
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Nogueira-Pedro A, Segreto HRC, Held KD, Ferreira Junior AFG, Dias CC, Hastreiter AA, Makiyama EN, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Borelli P, Fock RA. Direct ionizing radiation and bystander effect in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-11. [PMID: 35394402 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2063960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the radiation-induced direct and bystander (BYS) responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to characterize these cells radiobiologically.Methods and materials: MSCs were irradiated (IR) and parameters related to DNA damage and cellular signaling were verified in a dose range from 0.5 to 15 Gy; also a transwell insert co-culture system was used to study medium-mediated BYS effects.Results: The main effects on directly IR cells were seen at doses higher than 6 Gy: induction of cell death, cell cycle arrest, upregulation of p21, and alteration of redox status. Irrespective of a specific dose, induction of micronuclei formation, H2AX phosphorylation, and decreased Akt expression also occurred. Thus, mTOR expression, cell senescence, nitric oxide generation, and calcium levels, in general were not significantly modulated by radiation. Data from the linear-quadratic model showed a high alpha/beta ratio, which is consistent with a more exponential survival curve. BYS effects from the unirradiated MSCs placed into companion wells with the directly IR cells, were not observed.Conclusions: The results can be interpreted as a positive outcome, meaning that the radiation damage is restricted to the directed IR MSCs not leading to off-target cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Regina Comodo Segreto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn D Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Mothersill C, Seymour C. Low dose radiation mechanisms: The certainty of uncertainty. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503451. [PMID: 35483782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current understanding of low dose radiobiology, and how it has evolved from classical target theory. It highlights the uncertainty around low dose effects, which is due in part to the complexity of "context" surrounding the ultimate expression of biological effects following low dose exposure. The paper makes special reference to low dose non-targeted effects which, are currently ignored in radiation protection and population level risk assessment, because it is unclear what they mean for risk. The view of the authors is that this "lack of clarity" about what the effects mean is precisely the point. It indicates the uncertainty of outcomes after a given exposure. The uncertainty stems from multiple outcome options resulting from the intrinsic uncertainty of the stochastic interaction of low dose radiation with matter. This uncertainty should be embraced rather than eschewed. The impacts of the uncertainties identified in this paper is explored and an approach to quantifying mutation probability in relation to dose is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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