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Gonçalves CES, da Silva RO, Hastreiter AA, Vivian GK, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. Reduced protein intake and aging affects the sustainment of hematopoiesis by impairing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109511. [PMID: 37913969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein malnourishment (PM) is common among the elderly, but how aging and PM impact hematopoiesis is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess how aging and PM affect the hematopoietic regulatory function of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Young and aged male C57BL/6J mice were fed with normoproteic or hypoproteic diets and had their nutritional, biochemical, and hematological parameters evaluated. BM MSCs were characterized and had their secretome, gene expression, autophagy, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), and DNA double-stranded breaks evaluated. The modulation of hematopoiesis by MSCs was assayed using in vitro and in vivo models. Lastly, BM invasiveness and mice survival were evaluated after being challenged with leukemic cells of the C1498 cell line. Aging and PM alter biochemical parameters, changing the peripheral blood and BM immunophenotype. MSC autophagy was affected by aging and the frequencies for ROS and DNA double-stranded breaks. Regarding the MSCs' secretome, PM and aging affected CXCL12, IL-6, and IL-11 production. Aging and PM up-regulated Akt1 and PPAR-γ while down-regulating Cdh2 and Angpt-1 in MSCs. Aged MSCs increased C1498 cell proliferation while reducing their colony-forming potential. PM and aging lowered mice survival, and malnourishment accumulated C1498 cells at the BM. Finally, aged and/or PM MSCs up-regulated Sox2, Nanog, Pou5f1, and Akt1 expression while down-regulating Cdkn1a in C1498 cells. Together, aging and PM can induce cell-intrinsic shifts in BM MSCs, creating an environment that alters the regulation of hematopoietic populations and favoring the development of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Silva Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Kodja Vivian
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Santos EW, Dias CC, Fock RA, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Zheng YM, Wang YX, Borelli P. Protein restriction impairs the response activation/responsivity of MAPK signaling pathway of hematopoietic stem cells. Nutr Res 2023; 116:12-23. [PMID: 37320947 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein restriction (PR) leads to bone marrow hypoplasia with changes in stromal cellularity components of the extracellular matrix in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the underlying signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesize that PR impairs the HSC mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway response activation. Our aim is to evaluate the activation of MAPK and interleukin-3 (IL-3) proteins in HSC to explain PR-induced bone marrow hypoplasia, which causes altered proliferation and differentiation. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to a low-protein diet (2% protein) or normoproteic (12% protein). PKC, PLCγ2, CaMKII, AKT, STAT3/5, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38d phosphorylation were evaluated by flow cytometry, and GATA1/2, PU.1, C/EBPα, NF-E2, and Ikz-3 genes (mRNAs) assessed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. Pathway proteins, such as PLCγ2, JAK2, STAT3/5, PKC, and RAS do not respond to the IL-3 stimulus in PR, leading to lower activation of ERK1/2 and Ca2+ signaling pathways, consequently lowering the production of hematopoietic transcription factors. Colony forming units granulocyte-macrophage and colony forming units macrophage formation are impaired in PR even after being stimulated with IL-3. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells, short-term hematopoietic stem cells, granulocyte myeloid progenitor, and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells were significantly reduced in PR animals. This study shows for the first time that activation of MAPK pathway key proteins in HSCs is impaired in cases of PR. Several pathway proteins, such as PLCγ2, JAK2, STAT3, PKC, and RAS do not respond to IL-3 stimulation, leading to lower activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and consequently lower production of hematopoietic transcription factors GATA1/2, PU.1, C/EBPa, NF-E2, and Ikz3. These changes result in a reduction in colony-forming units, proliferation, and differentiation, leading to hypocellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Wilson Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA; Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA.
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA.
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Vivian GK, da Silva RO, Santos ACA, Hastreiter AA, Dias CC, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, de Oliveira Rodrigues C, Fock RA. The interaction between aging and protein malnutrition modulates peritoneal macrophage function: An experimental study in male mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112025. [PMID: 36372284 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is considered one of the most common problems in the elderly population worldwide and can significantly interfere in health evolution in these individuals, predisposing them to increased infection susceptibility. The immune response triggered by infections comprises several mechanisms, and macrophages play important roles in this response. This study aimed to evaluate mechanisms related to macrophage function in a model of protein malnutrition in the elderly. Two age groups (young: 3-5 months and elderly: 18-19 months) male C57BL/6NTac mice were subjected to protein malnutrition with a low-protein diet (2 %). The nutritional status, hemogram and number of peritoneal cells were affected by both age and nutritional status. Additionally, the spreading capacity as well as the phagocytic and fungicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages were affected by the nutritional status and age of the animal. Interestingly, the percentages of F4/80+/CD11b+ and CD86+ cells were reduced mostly in elderly animals, while the TLR-4+ population was more affected by nutritional status than by age. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 was also influenced by nutritional status and/or by age, and malnourished animals of advanced age produced higher amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, the phosphorylation ratio of the transcription factor NFκB (pNFκB/NFκB) was directly affected by the nutritional status, independently of age. Thus, these results allow us to conclude that aging and protein malnutrition compromise macrophage function, likely affecting their immune function, and in aged protein-malnourished animals, this impairment tends to be more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kodja Vivian
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Neves BRO, de Freitas S, Borelli P, Rogero MM, Fock RA. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside in vitro suppresses NF-κB and changes the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells affecting macrophage activation. Nutrition 2023; 105:111853. [PMID: 36335873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anthocyanins are polyphenols that are promising chemopreventive agents. They stand out for their anti-inflammatory properties, with specific modulatory actions on the immune system. Additionally, regarding the immune system, a group of cells identified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been attracting attention, mainly because of their capacity to migrate to sites of inflammation and produce potent immunomodulatory effects. Considering the ability of these cells to act on the immune system, as well as the properties of anthocyanins, especially delphinidin, in modulating the immune system, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delphinidin in influencing some immunoregulatory properties of MSCs. METHODS MSCs were cultivated in the presence of delphinidin 3-O-β-d-glycoside and cell viability, the cell cycle and the production of soluble factors (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β, prostaglandin E2 [PGE2] and nitric oxide [NO]) were evaluated, as was the expression of the transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-κB and STAT3. Additionally, the effects of conditioned media from MSCs on macrophage activation were assessed. RESULTS Delphinidin at 50 µM does not affect cell viability. In association with lipopolysaccharide, delphinidin was able to induce MSC proliferation. Additionally, delphinidin modulated the MSC immune response, showing increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β as well as lower expression of NF-κB. Furthermore, conditioned media from MSCs inhibited macrophage metabolism, reducing the production of IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α and increasing IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work showed that delphinidin can modify the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, increasing the IL-10 production by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Roberta Oliveira Neves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumara de Freitas
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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da Silva RO, Hastreiter AA, Vivian GK, Dias CC, Santos ACA, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. The influence of association between aging and reduced protein intake on some immunomodulatory aspects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: an experimental study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3391-3406. [PMID: 35508740 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary protein deficiency is common in the elderly, compromising hematopoiesis and the immune response, and may cause a greater susceptibility to infections. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and are essential to hematopoiesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate, in an aging model subjected to malnutrition due a reduced protein intake, aspects related to the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice from young and elderly groups were fed with normoproteic or hypoproteic diets (12% and 2% of protein, respectively) and nutritional, biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. MSCs from bone marrow were isolated, characterized and their secretory parameters evaluated, along with gene expression. Additionally, the effects of aging and protein malnutrition on MSC immunomodulatory properties were assessed. RESULTS Malnourished mice lost weight and demonstrated anemia, leukopenia, and bone marrow hypoplasia. MSCs from elderly animals from both groups showed reduced CD73 expression and higher senescence rate; also, the malnourished state affected CD73 expression in young animals. The production of IL-1β and IL-6 by MSCs was affected by aging and malnutrition, but the IL-10 production not. Aging also increased the expression of NFκB, reducing the expression of STAT-3. However, MSCs from malnourished groups, regardless of age, showed decreased TGF-β and PGE2 production. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs revealed that aging and malnutrition affected, mainly in lymphocytes, the production of IFN-γ and IL-10. CONCLUSION Aging and reduced protein intake are factors that, alone or together, influence the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and provide basic knowledge that can be further investigated to explore whether MSCs' therapeutic potential may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Kodja Vivian
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580-Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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6
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Nogueira-Pedro A, Segreto HRC, Held KD, Ferreira Junior AFG, Dias CC, Hastreiter AA, Makiyama EN, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Borelli P, Fock RA. Direct ionizing radiation and bystander effect in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-11. [PMID: 35394402 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2063960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the radiation-induced direct and bystander (BYS) responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to characterize these cells radiobiologically.Methods and materials: MSCs were irradiated (IR) and parameters related to DNA damage and cellular signaling were verified in a dose range from 0.5 to 15 Gy; also a transwell insert co-culture system was used to study medium-mediated BYS effects.Results: The main effects on directly IR cells were seen at doses higher than 6 Gy: induction of cell death, cell cycle arrest, upregulation of p21, and alteration of redox status. Irrespective of a specific dose, induction of micronuclei formation, H2AX phosphorylation, and decreased Akt expression also occurred. Thus, mTOR expression, cell senescence, nitric oxide generation, and calcium levels, in general were not significantly modulated by radiation. Data from the linear-quadratic model showed a high alpha/beta ratio, which is consistent with a more exponential survival curve. BYS effects from the unirradiated MSCs placed into companion wells with the directly IR cells, were not observed.Conclusions: The results can be interpreted as a positive outcome, meaning that the radiation damage is restricted to the directed IR MSCs not leading to off-target cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Regina Comodo Segreto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn D Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Oliverio S, Beltran JSO, Occhigrossi L, Bordoni V, Agrati C, D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Borelli P, Amarante-Mendes GP, Demidov O, Barlev NA, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 is Involved in the Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homeostasis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2021; 85:1159-1168. [PMID: 33202201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes playing a key regulatory role in cell homeostasis such as cell death and autophagy. New evidence is emerging that support an important role of autophagy in regulating normal hematopoiesis. Prompted by these findings, in this study we investigated in vivo involvement of TG2 in mouse hematopoiesis under normal or nutrient deprivation conditions. We found that the number and rate of differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell was decreased in the TG2 knockout mice. We present evidence showing that these effects on hematopoietic system are very likely due to the TG2-dependent impairment of autophagy. In fact, stimulation of autophagy by starvation is able to rescue the block of the differentiation of stem cells progenitors in the TG2 KO mice. It was also shown that the RhoA/ERK½ pathway, known to be essential for regulation of the bone marrow progenitor cells homeostasis, was significantly impaired in the absence of TG2. Hence, this study expanded our knowledge about TG2 discovering a role of this enzyme in regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - J S O Beltran
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - V Bordoni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - C Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - M D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - F Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - P Borelli
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G P Amarante-Mendes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Demidov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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8
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Bonvini A, Rogero MM, Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Bella LM, Fock RA, Borelli P, Tirapegui J. Effects of different branched-chain amino acids supplementation protocols on the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Amino Acids 2021; 53:597-607. [PMID: 33715068 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are commonly used as a strategy to recover nutritional status of critically ill patients, recent findings on their role as immunonutrients have been associated with unfavorable outcomes, especially in obese patients. The present study aimed to explore the effects of different BCAA supplementation protocols in the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell cultures were divided into five groups, with and without BCAA supplementation, (2 mmol/L of each amino acid). Then, cell cultures followed three different treatment protocols, consisting of a pretreatment (PT), an acute treatment (AT), and a chronic treatment (CT) with BCAA and LPS stimulation (1 µg/mL). Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, NO production was assessed by the Griess reaction and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and PGE2 synthesis, was evaluated by ELISA. BCAA significantly increased cell viability in AT and CT protocols, and NO and IL-10 synthesis in all treatment protocols. IL-6 synthesis was only increased in PT and CT protocols. TNF-α and PGE2 synthesis were not altered in any of the protocols and groups. BCAA supplementation was able to increase both pro and anti-inflammatory mediators synthesis by RAW 264.7 macrophages, which was influenced by the protocol applied. Moreover, these parameters were significantly increased by isoleucine supplementation, highlighting a potential research field for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonvini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Yule Coqueiro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Raizel
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mendes Bella
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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9
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Hastreiter AA, Dos Santos GG, Makiyama EN, Santos EWC, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of protein malnutrition on hematopoietic regulatory activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108626. [PMID: 33705953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition causes anemia and leukopenia as it reduces hematopoietic precursors and impairs the production of mediators that regulate hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis occurs in distinct bone marrow niches that modulate the processes of differentiation, proliferation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to the biochemical composition of bone marrow niches by the secretion of several growth factors and cytokines, and they play an important role in the regulation of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we investigated the effect of protein malnutrition on the hematopoietic regulatory function of MSCs. C57BL/6NTaq mice were divided into control and protein malnutrition groups, which received, respectively, a normal protein diet (12% casein) and a low protein diet (2% casein). The results showed that protein malnutrition altered the synthesis of SCF, TFG-β, Angpt-1, CXCL-12, and G-CSF by MSCs. Additionally, MSCs from the protein malnutrition group were not able to maintain the lymphoid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic-erythroid differentiation capacity compared to the MSCs of the control group. In this way, the comprehension of the role of MSCs on the regulation of the hematopoietic cells, in protein malnutrition states, is for the first time showed. Therefore, we infer that hematopoietic alterations caused by protein malnutrition are due to multifactorial alterations and, at least in part, the MSCs' contribution to hematological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ed Wilson Cavalcante Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Didone TVN, Borelli P, Casari PBB, Souza RRD, Jorge TR, Guerra-Shinohara EM. Appropriate knowledge of the indications for medications in use among older individuals assisted in the Jornada Científica dos Acadêmicos de Farmácia-Bioquímica. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elvira Maria Guerra-Shinohara
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Santos ACA, Sartori T, Borelli P, Fock RA. Prostaglandin F2α in vitro can affect basic inflammatory parameters of mesenchymal stem cells and slight modulating some of their immunomodulatory properties. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102210. [PMID: 33242781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been gaining attention due their ability to influence the function of other cells as well as modulate the inflammatory response. This occurs via their immunomodulatory functions, acting through direct cell-cell interaction or by releasing a broad spectrum of bioactive factors such as cytokines and growth factors. In addition, prostaglandins are arachidonic acid metabolites that play a key role in the generation and modulation of the inflammatory response. Among the bioactive prostaglandins, PGF2α is able to stimulate cell proliferation as well as act to inhibit progenitor cell differentiation, but no information about this prostaglandin's action on the immunoregulatory function of MSCs has been reported. In this study we evaluate important aspects of the influence of PGF2α analog (17-phenyl-trinor PGF2α), which is a potent prostaglandin FP receptor agonist, on some mechanisms that control the main functions of MSCs. C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal stem cell linage, was stimulated with PGF2α under inflammatory conditions trigged by LPS in order to investigate PGF2α inflammatory parameters as well as its ability to immunoregulate macrophages and lymphocytes. PGF2α has the ability to increase proliferation tax without altering the cell viability of LPS-stimulated MSCs, while also diminishing the phosphorylation of NFκB transcription factor leading to attenuation of IL-1β and GM-CSF production. Additionally, MSC-s conditioned media from cells stimulated with PGF2α was able to increase the lymphocytes' IL-10 production. Overall, this study implied that PGF2α are able to modify some properties of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Sartori
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Sabo SDS, Mendes MA, Araújo EDS, Muradian LBDA, Makiyama EN, LeBlanc JG, Borelli P, Fock RA, Knöbl T, Oliveira RPDS. Bioprospecting of probiotics with antimicrobial activities against Salmonella Heidelberg and that produce B-complex vitamins as potential supplements in poultry nutrition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7235. [PMID: 32350311 PMCID: PMC7190695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for animal protein for human consumption has been risen exponentially. Modern animal production practices are associated with the regular use of antibiotics, potentially increasing the emerging multi-resistant bacteria, which may have a negative impact on public health. In poultry production, substances capable of maximizing the animals’ performance and displaying an antimicrobial activity against pathogens are very well desirable features. Probiotic can be an efficient solution for such a task. In the present work, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from chicken cecum and screened for their antagonistic effect towards many pathogens. Their capacity of producing the B-complex vitamins folate and riboflavin were also evaluated. From 314 isolates, three (C43, C175 and C195) produced Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) against Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zones of 18.9, 21.5, 19.5 mm, respectively) and also inhibited the growth of Salmonella Heidelberg. The isolate C43 was identified as Enterococcus faecium, while C173 and C195 were both identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Moreover, the isolates L. lactis subsp. lactis strains C173 and C195 demonstrated high potential to be used as probiotic in poultry feed, in addition to their advantage of producing folate (58.0 and 595.5 ng/mL, respectively) and riboflavin (223.3 and 175.0 ng/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina da Silva Sabo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias da Silva Araújo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Hastreiter AA, Galvão Dos Santos G, Cavalcante Santos EW, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. Protein malnutrition impairs bone marrow endothelial cells affecting hematopoiesis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1551-1559. [PMID: 31326233 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Protein malnutrition (PM) affects hematopoiesis leading to bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia and arrests hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in G0/G1 cell cycle phases, which cause anemia and leukopenia. Hematopoiesis is mainly regulated by BM niches where endothelial cells (EC) present a key regulatory role. Thus, our objective is to evaluate whether PM affects the modulatory capacity of EC on hematopoiesis. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice received for 5 weeks a normal protein diet (12% casein) or a low protein diet (2% casein). MSC were isolated and differentiated in vitro into EC and the synthesis of SCF, Ang-1, CXCL-12, IL-11, TGF-β and G-CSF were evaluated. The HSC and hematopoietic progenitors were quantified and the EC capacity to modulate the hematopoietic system was also evaluated. Moreover, the ability of PM bone marrow to support hematopoieisis was assessed by proliferation of infused leukemic myelo-monoblasts cells. RESULTS PM decreases HSC and hematopoietic progenitor pool and promotes cell cycle arrest and a lower proliferation rate of leukemic myelo-monoblasts. PM also committed hematopoietic regulatory characteristics from EC, resulting in the modification of both cell cycle pattern and hematopoietic differentiation. CONCLUSION BM microenvironment is compromised in PM, and since PM disturbs EC, it becomes one of the factors responsible for the hematopoietic cell cycle arrest and impairment of HSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Galvão Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ed Wilson Cavalcante Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hastreiter AA, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. Impairment of G-CSF receptor on granulocytic progenitor cells causes neutropenia in protein malnutrition. Nutrition 2019; 69:110540. [PMID: 31525700 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well known that protein malnutrition (PM) states can affect hematopoiesis, leading to severe leukopenia and reduced number of granulocytes, which act as the first line of defense, and are important to the innate immune response. The aim of this study was to elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the impairment of granulopoiesis in PM. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were submitted to PM with a low-protein diet containing 2% protein. Control mice were fed a 12% protein-containing diet. Bone marrow histology and the percentage of granulocytic progenitors were evaluated after in vivo granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulus. Cell proliferation, STAT3 signaling, and the expression of G-CSF receptor were evaluated in hematopoietic progenitor cells. RESULTS Malnourished animals presented with leukopenia associated with reduced number of granulocytes and reduced percentage of granulocytic progenitors; however, no differences were observed in the regulatory granulopoietic cytokine G-CSF. Additionally, the malnourished group presented with impaired response to in vivo G-CSF stimulus compared with control animals. PM was implicated in decreased ability of c-Kit+ cells to differentiate into myeloid progenitor cells and downregulated STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, the malnourished group exhibited reduced expression of G-CSF receptor on granule-monocytic progenitors. This reduced expression was not completely reversible with G-CSF treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study implies that PM promotes intrinsic alterations to hematopoietic precursors, which result in hematologic changes, mainly neutropenia, observed in peripheral blood in PM states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Santos EW, Oliveira DC, Hastreiter A, Silva GB, Beltran JSDO, Rogero MM, Fock RA, Borelli P. Short-term high-fat diet affects macrophages inflammatory response, early signs of a long-term problem. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Borelli P. Celebrating the 120th anniversary of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of São Paulo. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Dos Santos GG, Hastreiter AA, Sartori T, Borelli P, Fock RA. L-Glutamine in vitro Modulates some Immunomodulatory Properties of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:482-490. [PMID: 28593472 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine (GLUT) is a nonessential amino acid that can become conditionally essential under stress conditions, being able to act in the modulation of the immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to their capability in the modulation of immune responses through cell-cell contact and by the secretion of soluble factors. Considering that GLUT is an immunonutrient and little is known about the influence of GLUT on the capability of MSCs to modulate immune cells, this work aims to investigate how variations in GLUT concentrations in vitro could affect some immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. In order to evaluate the effects of GLUT on MSCs immunomodulatory properties, cell proliferation rates, the expression of NFκB and STAT-3, and the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α by MSCs were assessed. Based on our findings, GLUT at high doses (10 mM) augmented the proliferation of MSCs and modulated immune responses by decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, and by increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. In addition, MSCs cultured in higher GLUT concentrations (10 mM) expressed lower levels of NF-κB and higher levels of STAT-3. Furthermore, conditioned media from MSCs cultured at higher GLUT concentrations (10 mM) reduced lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation, increased IL-10 production by both cells types, and decreased IFN-γ production by lymphocytes. Overall, this study showed that 10 mM of GLUT is able to modify immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Galvão Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17., São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17., São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Sartori
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17., São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17., São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17., São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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18
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C de Oliveira D, Santos EW, Nogueira-Pedro A, Xavier JG, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of short-term dietary restriction and glutamine supplementation in vitro on the modulation of inflammatory properties. Nutrition 2018; 48:96-104. [PMID: 29469028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary restriction (DR) is a nutritional intervention that exerts profound effects on biochemical and immunologic parameters, modulating some inflammatory properties. Glutamine (GLN) is a conditionally essential amino acid that can modulate inflammatory properties. However, there is a lack of data evaluating the effects of DR and GLN supplementation, especially in relation to inflammatory cytokine production and the expression of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB. METHODS We subjected 3-mo-old male Balb/c mice to DR by reducing their food intake by 30%. DR animals lost weight and showed reduced levels of serum triacylglycerols, glucose, cholesterol, and calcium as well as a reduction in bone density. Additionally, blood, peritoneal, and spleen cellularity were reduced, lowering the number of peritoneal F4/80- and CD86-positive cells and the total number of splenic CD4- and CD8-positive cells. RESULTS The production of interleukin (IL)-10 and the expression of NF-κB in splenic cells were not affected by DR or by GLN supplementation. However, peritoneal macrophages from DR animals showed reduced IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α production and increased IL-10 production with reduced phosphorylation of NF-κB expression. Additionally, GLN was able to modulate cytokine production by peritoneal cells from the control group, although no effects were observed in cells from the DR group. CONCLUSION DR induces biochemical and immunologic changes, in particular by reducing IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages and clearly upregulating IL-10 production, whereas GLN supplementation did not modify these parameters in cells from DR animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila C de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ed Wilson Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Xavier
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Health Science Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Sartori T, Galvão Dos Santos G, Nogueira-Pedro A, Makiyama E, Rogero MM, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of glutamine, taurine and their association on inflammatory pathway markers in macrophages. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:829-838. [PMID: 29052795 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is essential for the control and elimination of infections, and macrophages are cells that act as important players in orchestrating the various parts of the inflammatory/immune response. Amino acids play important role in mediating functionality of the inflammatory response, especially mediating macrophages functions and cytokines production. We investigated the influence of glutamine, taurine and their association on the modulation of inflammatory pathway markers in macrophages. The RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was cultivated in the presence of glutamine and taurine and proliferation rates, cell viability, cell cycle phases, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α as well as H2O2 production and the expression of the transcription factor, NFκB, and its inhibitor, IκBα, were evaluated. Our results showed an increase in viable cells and increased proliferation rates of cells treated with glutamine concentrations over 2 mM, as well as cells treated with both glutamine and taurine. The cell cycle showed a higher percentage of cells in the phases S, G2 and M when they were treated with 2 or 10 mM glutamine, or with glutamine and taurine in cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The pNFκB/NFκB showed reduced ratio expression when cells were treated with 10 mM of glutamine or with glutamine in association with taurine. These conditions also resulted in reduced TNF-α, IL-1α and H2O2 production, and higher production of IL-10. These findings demonstrate that glutamine and taurine are able to modulate macrophages inflammatory pathways, and that taurine can potentiate the effects of glutamine, illustrating their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Sartori
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Galvão Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edson Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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20
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Santos EW, Oliveira DC, Silva GB, Tsujita M, Beltran JO, Hastreiter A, Fock RA, Borelli P. Hematological alterations in protein malnutrition. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:909-919. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Menegat L, Simas R, Caliman JM, Zanoni FL, Jacysyn JF, da Silva LFF, Borelli P, Moreira LFP, Sannomiya P. Evidence of bone marrow downregulation in brain-dead rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:158-165. [PMID: 28749083 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental findings support the evidence of a persistent leucopenia triggered by brain death (BD). This study aimed to investigate leucocyte behaviour in bone marrow and blood after BD in rats. BD was induced using intracranial balloon catheter inflation. Sham-operated (SH) rats were trepanned only. Thereafter bone marrow cells were harvested every six hours from the femoral cavity and used for total and differential counts. They were analysed further by flow cytometry to characterize lymphocyte subsets, granulocyte adhesion molecules expression and apoptosis/necrosis [annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) protocol]. BD rats exhibited a reduction in bone marrow cells due to a reduction in lymphocytes (40%) and segmented cells (45%). Bone marrow lymphocyte subsets were similar in BD and SH rats (CD3, P = 0.1; CD4, P = 0.4; CD3/CD4, P = 0.4; CD5, P = 0.4, CD3/CD5, P = 0.2; CD8, P = 0.8). Expression of L-selectin and beta2 -integrins on granulocytes did not differ (CD11a, P = 0.9; CD11b/c, P = 0.7; CD62L, P = 0.1). There were no differences in the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis (Annexin V, P = 0.73; PI, P = 0.21; Annexin V/PI, P = 0.29). In conclusion, data presented suggest that the downregulation of the bone marrow is triggered by brain death itself, and it is not related to changes in lymphocyte subsets, granulocyte adhesion molecules expression or apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menegat
- Heart Institute (InCor), LIM 11, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Simas
- Heart Institute (InCor), LIM 11, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia M Caliman
- Heart Institute (InCor), LIM 11, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Zanoni
- Heart Institute (InCor), LIM 11, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Primavera Borelli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe P Moreira
- Heart Institute (InCor), LIM 11, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulina Sannomiya
- Heart Institute (InCor), LIM 11, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Gomes SP, da Silva AAP, Crisma AR, Borelli P, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, de Melo MP, Bacci B, Loesch A, Coppi AA. Stereology shows that damaged liver recovers after protein refeeding. Nutrition 2017; 38:61-69. [PMID: 28526384 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative effects of a low-protein diet on the three-dimensional structure of hepatocytes and determine whether this scenario could be reversed by restoring the adequate levels of protein to the diet. METHODS Using design-based stereology, the total number and volume of hepatocytes were estimated in the liver of mice in healthy and altered (by protein malnutrition) conditions and after protein renutrition. RESULTS This study demonstrated a 65% decrease in the liver volume (3302 mm3 for the control for undernourished versus 1141 mm3 for the undernourished group) accompanied by a 46% reduction in the hepatocyte volume (8223 μm3 for the control for undernourished versus 4475 μm3 for the undernourished group) and a 90% increase in the total number of binucleate hepatocytes (1 549 393 for the control for undernourished versus 2 941 353 for the undernourished group). Reinstating a normoproteinic diet (12% casein) proved to be effective in restoring the size of hepatocytes, leading to an 85% increase in the total number of uninucleate hepatocytes (15 988 560 for the undernourished versus 29 600 520 for the renourished group), and partially reversed the liver atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of these data will add to a better morphologic understanding of malnutrition-induced hepatopathies and will help clinicians improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in humans and in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Pires Gomes
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Almeida Pinto da Silva
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rabello Crisma
- Laboratory of Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Laboratory of Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Hernandez-Blazquez
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P de Melo
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Lorena, Brazil
| | - Barbara Bacci
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Loesch
- Division of Medicine, University College London School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Campus, United Kingdom
| | - A Augusto Coppi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Oliveira DCD, Hastreiter AA, Borelli P, Fock RA. The influence of protein malnutrition on the production of GM-CSF and M-CSF by macrophages. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Santos ACA, Correia CA, de Oliveira DC, Nogueira-Pedro A, Borelli P, Fock RA. Intravenous Glutamine Administration Modulates TNF-α/IL-10 Ratio and Attenuates NFkB Phosphorylation in a Protein Malnutrition Model. Inflammation 2016; 39:1883-1891. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Santos EW, de Oliveira DC, Hastreiter A, Beltran JSDO, Rogero MM, Fock RA, Borelli P. High-fat diet or low-protein diet changes peritoneal macrophages function in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Santos EW, Oliveira DCD, Hastreiter A, Silva GBD, Beltran JSDO, Tsujita M, Crisma AR, Neves SMP, Fock RA, Borelli P. Hematological and biochemical reference values for C57BL/6, Swiss Webster and BALB/c mice. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v53i2p138-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
O uso de animais na pesquisa científica tem contribuído significativamente para o desenvolvimento da ciência, promovendo vários avanços na compreensão da maquinaria metabólica, bem como a descoberta de tratamentos e medidas preventivas aplicadas à medicina humana e veterinária. O desenvolvimento e utilização de métodos alternativos é encorajado, no entanto, em algumas situações, ainda é necessária a utilização de animais em conformidade com termos éticos. Estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos para animais de laboratório é essencial para avaliar alterações funcionais, no entanto, existem poucos dados na literatura sobre estes valores, sendo fundamentalmente uma base comparativa. O presente trabalho foi delineado para estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos em linhagens camundongos utilizados em pesquisa científica. Foram avaliados o perfil sanguíneo (hemograma, reticulócitos e mielograma) e a determinação bioquímica sérica de proteínas totais, albumina, glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, cálcio e fósforo. Foram utilizados camundongos C57BL/6, BALB/c e Swiss Webster, do sexo masculino, 2-3 meses de idade. Os resultados padronizam intervalos de referência em camundongos criados em Biotério, refletindo a condição esperada nesses animais submetidos à investigação científica.
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Mello AS, de Oliveira DC, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Hastreiter AA, Beltran JSDO, Xavier JG, Borelli P, Fock RA. Protein malnutrition alters spleen cell proliferation and IL-2 and IL-10 production by affecting the STAT-1 and STAT-3 balance. Inflammation 2015; 37:2125-38. [PMID: 24986442 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition (PM) is an important public health problem that affects resistance to infection by impairing a number of physiological processes. PM induces structural changes in the lymphoid organs that affect the roles of the immune and inflammatory responses in a crucial way. The activation of different transcription factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members, leads to the production of different cytokines, which are mediators essential to mounting adequate immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, malnourished animals presented anemia, leukopenia, and a severe reduction in spleen cellularity, with reduced numbers of most cell populations, as well as increased percentages of CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells. The proliferation rates were reduced, and cells were increasingly observed in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase; further, IL-2 production was reduced, while IL-10 production was increased. In spleen cells from malnourished animals, STAT-3 protein expression was increased, with a concomitant reduction in STAT-1 expression. Knowing that STAT-1 and STAT-3 are key transcription factors in both immunity and inflammatory pathways, these results infer, at least in part, a mechanistic pathway that affects the manner or intensity of the immune response in malnourished individuals, increasing susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Siqueira Mello
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yamada M, Maintinguer Norde M, Borges MC, Mieko de Meneses Fujii T, Silva Jacob P, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Cardoso Alonso-Vale MI, Torres-Leal FL, Tirapegui J, Fock RA, Borelli P, Curi R, Macedo Rogero M. Nutrient-adjusted high-fat diet is associated with absence of periepididymal adipose tissue inflammation: is there a link with adequate micronutrient levels? INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2015; 83:299-310. [PMID: 25305225 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the real impact of dietary lipids on metabolic and inflammatory response in rat white adipose tissue. Male healthy Wistar rats were fed ad libitum with a control diet (CON, n=12) or with an adjusted high-fat diet (HFD, n=12) for 12 weeks. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed during the last week of the protocol. Plasma fatty acid, lipid profile, body adiposity, and carcass chemical composition were analyzed. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) was measured. Periepididymal adipose tissue was employed to evaluate TNF-α, MCP-1, and adiponectin gene expression as well as NF-κB pathway and AKT proteins. Isocaloric intake of the adjusted HFD did not induce hyperphagia, but promoted an increase in periepididymal (HFD = 2.94 ± 0.77 vs. CON = 1.99 ± 0.26 g/100 g body weight, p = 0.01) and retroperitoneal adiposity (HFD = 3.11 ± 0.81 vs. CON = 2.08 ± 0.39 g/100 g body weight, p = 0.01) and total body lipid content (HFD = 105.3 ± 20.8 vs. CON = 80.5 ± 7.6 g carcass, p = 0.03). Compared with control rats, HFD rats developed glucose intolerance (p=0.01), dyslipidemia (p = 0.02) and exhibited higher C-reactive protein levels in response to the HFD (HFD = 1002 ± 168 vs. CON = 611 ± 260 ng/mL, p = 0.01). The adjusted HFD did not affect adipokine gene expression or proteins involved in inflammatory signaling, but decreased AKT phosphorylation after insulin stimulation in periepididymal adipose tissue (p = 0.01). In this study, nutrient-adjusted HFD did not induce periepididymal adipose tissue inflammation in rats, suggesting that the composition of HFD differently modulates inflammation in rats, and adequate micronutrient levels may also influence inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Yamada
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria C Borges
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Silva Jacob
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco L Torres-Leal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Mizuno MS, Crisma AR, Borelli P, Schäfer BT, Silveira MP, Castelucci P. Distribution of the P2X2 receptor and chemical coding in ileal enteric neurons of obese male mice ( ob/ob). World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13911-13919. [PMID: 25320527 PMCID: PMC4194573 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the colocalization, density and profile of neuronal areas of enteric neurons in the ileum of male obese mice.
METHODS: The small intestinal samples of male mice in an obese group (OG) (C57BL/6J ob/ob) and a control group (CG) (+/+) were used. The tissues were analyzed using a double immunostaining technique for immunoreactivity (ir) of the P2X2 receptor, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and calretinin (Calr). Also, we investigated the density and profile of neuronal areas of the NOS-, ChAT- and Calr-ir neurons in the myenteric plexus. Myenteric neurons were labeled using an NADH-diaphorase histochemical staining method.
RESULTS: The analysis demonstrated that the P2X2 receptor was expressed in the cytoplasm and in the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes only in the CG. Neuronal density values (neuron/cm2) decreased 31% (CG: 6579 ± 837; OG: 4556 ± 407) and 16.5% (CG: 7796 ± 528; OG: 6513 ± 610) in the NOS-ir and calretinin-ir neurons in the OG, respectively (P < 0.05). Density of ChAT-ir (CG: 6200 ± 310; OG: 8125 ± 749) neurons significantly increased 31% in the OG (P < 0.05). Neuron size studies demonstrated that NOS, ChAT, and Calr-ir neurons did not differ significantly between the CG and OG groups. The examination of NADH-diaphorase-positive myenteric neurons revealed an overall similarity between the OG and CG.
CONCLUSION: Obesity may exert its effects by promoting a decrease in P2X2 receptor expression and modifications in the density of the NOS-ir, ChAT-ir and CalR-ir myenteric neurons.
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de Oliveira DC, Hastreiter AA, Mello AS, de Oliveira Beltran JS, Oliveira Santos EWC, Borelli P, Fock RA. The effects of protein malnutrition on the TNF-RI and NF-κB expression via the TNF-α signaling pathway. Cytokine 2014; 69:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fujii TMDM, Jacob PS, Yamada M, Borges MC, Norde MM, Pantaleão LC, Oliveira DMD, Tirapegui J, Castro IAD, Borelli P, Fock RA, Rogero MM. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) modulates NF-kappaB pathway and AKT expression in the liver of rats fed on a high-fat diet. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:967-76. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.945153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hastreiter A, Santos E, dos Santos GG, Makiyama E, Borelli P, Fock R. Cxcl12 production by bone marrow Nes+ MSCs is downregulated in malnourished mice. Exp Hematol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Tsujita M, Rodrigues M, Teixeira M, Hastreiter A, Silva G, Gouveia C, Fock R, Borelli P. Femoral microarchitecture and endosteal niche alterations in protein malnutrition: possible effects on hematopoiesis? Exp Hematol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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dos Santos GG, Hastreiter A, Sartori T, Borelli P, Fock RA. The influence of l-glutamine on immunomodulatory aspects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from malnourished mice. Exp Hematol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Katz ISS, Albuquerque LL, Suppa AP, de Siqueira DM, Rossato C, da Silva GB, Jensen JR, Starobinas N, Cabrera WHK, De Franco M, Borelli P, Ibañez OM, Ribeiro OG. 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced myelotoxicity differs in mice selected for high or low acute inflammatory response: relationship with aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphism. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:130-42. [PMID: 24563413 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814522837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), are environmental pollutants that exert multiple toxic and carcinogenic effects. Studies showed that these effects are mediated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and modulated by allelic variants of Ahr gene. Here, we investigated the effects of DMBA treatment in the inflammatory response and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic function of maximal acute inflammatory response (AIRmax) and minimal acute inflammatory response (AIRmin) heterogeneous mouse lines selected for high and low acute inflammatory responsiveness, respectively. The phenotypic selection resulted in the segregation of the Ahr(d) and Ahr(b1) alleles that confer low and high receptor ligand-binding affinity, respectively, in AIRmax and AIRmin mice. We observed a reduction in BM mature granulocyte population in AIRmin mice 24 hours after DMBA treatment while both blast and immature myeloid cells were increased. Proliferation and differentiation of BM myeloid cells in response to in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus were impaired in AIRmin-treated mice. These DMBA effects on myeloid BM cells (BMCs) affected the in vivo leukocyte migration to an inflammatory site induced by polyacrylamide beads (Biogel P-100, Bio-Rad, France) injection in AIRmin mice. On the other hand, these alterations were not observed in DMBA-treated AIRmax mice. These data indicate that DMBA affects myeloid cell differentiation and inflammatory response and Ahr(b1) allele in the genetic background of AIRmin mice contributes to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Suly Santos Katz
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, Av Dr Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Cinotti E, Gergelé L, Perrot JL, Dominé A, Labeille B, Borelli P, Cambazard F. Quantification of capillary blood cell flow using reflectance confocal microscopy. Skin Res Technol 2014; 20:373-8. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Cinotti
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Saint Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - L. Gergelé
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; University Hospital of Saint Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - J. L. Perrot
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Saint Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - A. Dominé
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; University Hospital of Saint Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - B. Labeille
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Saint Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - P. Borelli
- Unit of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer processing of data; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - F. Cambazard
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Saint Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
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Nakajima K, Crisma AR, Silva GB, Rogero MM, Fock RA, Borelli P. Malnutrition suppresses cell cycle progression of hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice via cyclin D1 down-regulation. Nutrition 2014; 30:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zanatta DB, Tsujita M, Borelli P, Aguiar RB, Ferrari DG, Strauss BE. Genetic barcode sequencing for screening altered population dynamics of hematopoietic stem cells transduced with lentivirus. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2014; 1:14052. [PMID: 26052520 PMCID: PMC4448734 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Insertional mutagenesis has been associated with malignant cell transformation in gene therapy protocols, leading to discussions about vector security. Therefore, clonal analysis is important for the assessment of vector safety and its impact on patient health. Here, we report a unique approach to assess dynamic changes in clonality of lentivirus transduced cells upon Sanger sequence analysis of a specially designed genetic barcode. In our approach, changes in the electropherogram peaks are measured and compared between successive time points, revealing alteration in the cell population. After in vitro validation, barcoded lentiviral libraries carrying IL2RG or LMO2 transgenes, or empty vector were used to transduce mouse hematopoietic (ckit+) stem cells, which were subsequently transplanted in recipient mice. We found that neither the empty nor IL2RG encoding vector had an effect on cell dynamics. In sharp contrast, the LMO2 oncogene was associated with altered cell dynamics even though hematologic counts remained unchanged, suggesting that the barcode could reveal changes in cell populations not observed by the frontline clinical assay. We describe a simple and sensitive method for the analysis of clonality, which could be easily used by any laboratory for the assessment of cellular behavior upon lentiviral transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela B Zanatta
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela Tsujita
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Aguiar
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Ferrari
- Natural Computing Laboratory, School of Computing and Informatics, Mackenzie University , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Carmo LS, Rogero MM, Cortez M, Yamada M, Jacob PS, Bastos DHM, Borelli P, Ambrósio Fock R. The Effects of Yerba Maté (Ilex Paraguariensis) consumption on IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 production by bone marrow cells in wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2013; 83:26-35. [PMID: 24220162 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An excessive consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) results in becoming overweight or obese, which triggers a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with a high white blood cell count. Because of the potential for yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) (YM) to impact obesity, this study aimed to investigate the effects of YM consumption on the hematological response and on the production of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 by bone marrow cells from Wistar rats fed a HFD. Male Wistar rats were fed a control (CON) or HFD diet for twelve weeks. At the end of this period, the rats received YM (1 g/kg/day body weight) for 4 weeks. After euthanasia, hemograms and myelograms were evaluated, while the bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the production of IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. The consumption of YM reduced the body weight, the body adiposity, and the cholesterol levels in HFD-fed rats. Bone marrow cells from the HFD group produced more IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α, and less IL-10, when compared to cells from the control group, and YM consumption reduced the IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α production by the cells. However, cells from the HFD rats that were stimulated with LPS increased their IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α production, but YM consumption did not change this result. In summary, the consumption of YM affects the production of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α by bone marrow cells, promotes weight loss, decreases the number of white blood cells, and significantly improves serum cholesterol level in HFD-fed rats. However, the bone marrow cells from the HFD+YM-fed rats challenged with LPS did not show improvement in the inflammatory response compared to the cells from animals fed only a HFD that were also challenged with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Simão Carmo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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do Carmo LS, Rogero MM, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Nogueira-Pedro A, Xavier JG, Cortez M, Borges MC, Fujii TM, Borelli P, Fock RA. A high-fat diet increases interleukin-3 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production by bone marrow cells and triggers bone marrow hyperplasia and neutrophilia in wistar rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:375-84. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370213477976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the excessive consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) results in overweight, obesity and an increase in leptin concentrations, which triggers a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with a high white blood cell count. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were fed a control (CON) diet or an HFD for 12 weeks. After this period, hemogram, myelogram and biochemical parameters were evaluated along with the cell cycle and the percentage of CD34+ cells in the bone marrow as well as cell proliferation and differentiation assays and the production of stem cell factor, interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The HFD animals exhibited leukocytosis and neutrophilia with increased C-reactive protein, leptin, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In the HFD group, the bone marrow revealed myeloid hyperplasia, especially of the granulocytic compartment with a higher percentage of CD34+ cells and a higher percentage of cells in the G2/S/M cell cycle phases. In addition, the HFD bone marrow cells had a higher capacity to proliferate and differentiate into granulocytic cells in an in vitro system and a higher capacity to produce IL-3 and G-CSF. These data led us to infer that the HFD induces leukocytosis and neutrophilia suggesting alterations in hematopoiesis system modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Simão do Carmo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Departamento de Nutrição. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
| | | | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Departamento de Biofísica. Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04021-001
| | - Jose Guilherme Xavier
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Mayara Cortez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- Departamento de Nutrição. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
| | - Tatiane Mieko Fujii
- Departamento de Nutrição. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070
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Cunha MCR, Lima FDS, Vinolo MAR, Hastreiter A, Curi R, Borelli P, Fock RA. Protein malnutrition induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells commitment to adipogenic differentiation leading to hematopoietic failure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58872. [PMID: 23516566 PMCID: PMC3597562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein malnutrition (PM) results in pathological changes that are associated with peripheral leukopenia, bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia and alterations in the BM microenvironment leading to hematopoietic failure; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this context, the BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells intimately related to the formation of the BM microenvironment, and their differentiation into adipocytes is important because adipocytes are cells that have the capability to negatively modulate hematopoiesis. Two-month-old male Balb/c mice were subjected to protein-energy malnutrition with a low-protein diet containing 2% protein, whereas control animals were fed a diet containing 12% protein. The hematopoietic parameters and the expression of CD45 and CD117 positive cells in the BM were evaluated. MSCs were isolated from BM, and their capability to produce SCF, IL-3, G-CSF and GM-CSF were analyzed. The expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α as well as the expression of PPAR-γ and SREBP mRNAs were evaluated in MSCs together with their capability to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro. The malnourished animals had anemia and leukopenia as well as spleen and bone marrow hypoplasia and a reduction in the expression of CD45 and CD117 positive cells from BM. The MSCs of the malnourished mice presented an increased capability to produce SCF and reduced production of G-CSF and GM-CSF. The MSCs from the malnourished animals showed increased expression of PPAR-γ protein and PPAR-γ mRNA associated with an increased capability to differentiate into adipocytes. The alterations found in the malnourished animals allowed us to conclude that malnutrition committed MSC differentiation leading to adipocyte decision and compromised their capacity for cytokine production, contributing to an impaired hematopoietic microenvironment and inducing the bone marrow failure commonly observed in protein malnutrition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Caldas Ramos Cunha
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana da Silva Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents. Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Araceli Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Borges MC, Vinolo MA, Crisma AR, Fock RA, Borelli P, Tirapegui J, Curi R, Rogero MM. High-fat diet blunts activation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages of Wistar rats. Nutrition 2013; 29:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Borges MC, Vinolo MAR, Nakajima K, de Castro IA, Bastos DHM, Borelli P, Fock RA, Tirapegui J, Curi R, Rogero MM. The effect of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in high-fat diet-fed Wistar rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:561-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.759188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jacob PS, de Meneses Fujii TM, Yamada M, Borges MC, Pantaleão LC, Borelli P, Fock R, Rogero MM. Isocaloric intake of a high-fat diet promotes insulin resistance and inflammation in Wistar rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:244-53. [PMID: 23008133 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isocaloric intake from a high-fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed on an HFD (n = 12) or control diet (n = 12) for 12 weeks. Subsequently, all animals were euthanized, and blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, cytokines and hepatic-enzyme activity were determined. Carcass chemical composition was also analyzed. During the first and the twelfth weeks of the experimental protocol, the oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed and demonstrated insulin resistance (P < 0.05) in the HFD group. Although food intake (g) was lower (P < 0.05) in the HFD group compared with the control group, the concentration of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein and liver weight were all significantly higher. The kinase inhibitor of κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and protein kinase B expressions were determined in the liver and skeletal muscle. After an insulin stimulus, the HFD group demonstrated decreased (P = 0.05) hepatic protein kinase B expression, whereas the kinase inhibitor of κB phospho/total ratio was elevated in the HFD muscle (P = 0.02). In conclusion, the isocaloric intake from the HFD induced insulin resistance, associated with impaired insulin signalling in the liver and an inflammatory response in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Silva Jacob
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Fock RA, Vinolo MAR, Blatt SL, Borelli P. Impairment of the hematological response and interleukin-1β production in protein-energy malnourished mice after endotoxemia with lipopolysaccharide. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1163-71. [PMID: 22983177 PMCID: PMC3854220 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine if protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) could affect the hematologic response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, leukocyte migration, and blood leukocyte expression of CD11a/CD18. Two-month-old male Swiss mice were submitted to PEM (N = 30) with a low-protein diet (14 days) containing 4% protein, compared to 20% protein in the control group (N = 30). The total cellularity of blood, bone marrow, spleen, and bronchoalveolar lavage evaluated after the LPS stimulus indicated reduced number of total cells in all compartments studied and different kinetics of migration in malnourished animals. The in vitro migration assay showed reduced capacity of migration after the LPS stimulus in malnourished animals (45.7 ± 17.2 × 104 cells/mL) compared to control (69.6 ± 7.1 × 104 cells/mL, P ≤ 0.05), but there was no difference in CD11a/CD18 expression on the surface of blood leukocytes. In addition, the production of IL-1β in vivo after the LPS stimulus (180.7 pg·h−1·mL−1), and in vitro by bone marrow and spleen cells (41.6 ± 15.0 and 8.3 ± 4.0 pg/mL) was significantly lower in malnourished animals compared to control (591.1 pg·h−1·mL−1, 67.0 ± 23.0 and 17.5 ± 8.0 pg/mL, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). The reduced expression of IL-1β, together with the lower number of leukocytes in the central and peripheral compartments, different leukocyte kinetics, and reduced leukocyte migration capacity are factors that interfere with the capacity to mount an adequate immune response, being partly responsible for the immunodeficiency observed in PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Fock
- Laboratório de Hematologia Experimental, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Mizuno MS, Crisma AR, Borelli P, Castelucci P. Expression of the P2X 2 receptor in different classes of ileum myenteric neurons in the female obese ob/ob mouse. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:4693-703. [PMID: 23002338 PMCID: PMC3442207 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine whether the ob/ob mouse model of obesity is accompanied by enteric nervous system abnormalities such as altered motility.
METHODS: The study examined the distribution of the P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) in myenteric neurons of female ob/ob mice. Specifically, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the co-expression of the P2X2R with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and calretinin (CalR) in neurons of the small intestine myenteric plexus in ob/ob and control female mice. In these sections, we used scanning confocal microscopy to analyze the co-localization of these markers as well as the neuronal density (cm2) and area profile (μm²) of P2X2R-positive neurons. In addition, enteric neurons were labeled using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) diaphorase method and analyzed with light microscopy as an alternate means by which to analyze neuronal density and area.
RESULTS: In the present study, we observed a 29.6% increase in the body weight of the ob/ob animals (OG) compared to the control group (CG). In addition, the average small intestine area was increased by approximately 29.6% in the OG compared to the CG. Immunoreactivity (IR) for the P2X2R, nNOS, ChAT and CalR was detectable in the myenteric plexus, as well as in the smooth muscle, in both groups. This IR appeared to be mainly cytoplasmic and was also associated with the cell membrane of the myenteric plexus neurons, where it outlined the neuronal cell bodies and their processes. P2X2R-IR was observed to co-localize 100% with that for nNOS, ChAT and CalR in neurons of both groups. In the ob/ob group, however, we observed that the neuronal density (neuron/cm2) of P2X2R-IR cells was increased by 62% compared to CG, while that of NOS-IR and ChAT-IR neurons was reduced by 49% and 57%, respectively, compared to control mice. The neuronal density of CalR-IR neurons was not different between the groups. Morphometric studies further demonstrated that the cell body profile area (μm²) of nNOS-IR, ChAT-IR and CalR-IR neurons was increased by 34%, 20% and 55%, respectively, in the OG compared to controls. Staining for NADH diaphorase activity is widely used to detect alterations in the enteric nervous system; however, our qualitative examination of NADH-diaphorase positive neurons in the myenteric ganglia revealed an overall similarity between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrate increases in P2X2R expression and alterations in nNOS, ChAT and CalR IR in ileal myenteric neurons of female ob/ob mice compared to wild-type controls.
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da Silva Lima F, Rogero MM, Ramos MC, Borelli P, Fock RA. Modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway by glutamine in peritoneal macrophages of a murine model of protein malnutrition. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1343-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rossi DC, Muñoz JE, Carvalho DD, Belmonte R, Faintuch B, Borelli P, Miranda A, Taborda CP, Daffre S. Therapeutic use of a cationic antimicrobial peptide from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana in the control of experimental candidiasis. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:28. [PMID: 22394555 PMCID: PMC3361493 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides are present in animals, plants and microorganisms and play a fundamental role in the innate immune response. Gomesin is a cationic antimicrobial peptide purified from haemocytes of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. It has a broad-spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa and tumour cells. Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that is part of the human microbiota. However, in immunocompromised patients, this fungus may cause skin, mucosal or systemic infections. The typical treatment for this mycosis comprises three major categories of antifungal drugs: polyenes, azoles and echinocandins; however cases of resistance to these drugs are frequently reported. With the emergence of microorganisms that are resistant to conventional antibiotics, the development of alternative treatments for candidiasis is important. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of gomesin treatment on disseminated and vaginal candidiasis as well as its toxicity and biodistribution. Results Treatment with gomesin effectively reduced Candida albicans in the kidneys, spleen, liver and vagina of infected mice. The biodistribution of gomesin labelled with technetium-99 m showed that the peptide is captured in the kidneys, spleen and liver. Enhanced production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 was detected in infected mice treated with gomesin, suggesting an immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, immunosuppressed and C. albicans-infected mice showed an increase in survival after treatment with gomesin and fluconazole. Systemic administration of gomesin was also not toxic to the mic Conclusions Gomesin proved to be effective against experimental Candida albicans infection. It can be used as an alternative therapy for candidiasis, either alone or in combination with fluconazole. Gomesin's mechanism is not fully understood, but we hypothesise that the peptide acts through the permeabilisation of the yeast membrane leading to death and/or releasing the yeast antigens that trigger the host immune response against infection. Therefore, data presented in this study reinforces the potential of gomesin as a therapeutic antifungal agent in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego C Rossi
- Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Davi CP, Galdino LFMD, Borelli P, Oliveira ON, Ferreira M. Natural rubber latex LbL films: Characterization and growth of fibroblasts. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leon CMMP, Barbosa CMV, Justo GZ, Borelli P, Resende JD, de Oliveira JSR, Ferreira AT, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Requirement for PLCγ2 in IL-3 and GM-CSF-stimulated MEK/ERK phosphorylation in murine and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1780-92. [PMID: 21506110 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Even though the involvement of intracellular Ca(2+) Ca(i)(2+) in hematopoiesis has been previously demonstrated, the relationship between Ca(i)(2+) signaling and cytokine-induced intracellular pathways remains poorly understood. Herein, the molecular mechanisms integrating Ca(2+) signaling with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in primary murine and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells stimulated by IL-3 and GM-CSF were studied. Our results demonstrated that IL-3 and GM-CSF stimulation induced increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3) ) levels and Ca(i)(2+) release in murine and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In addition, Ca(i)(2+) signaling inhibitors, such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor antagonist (2-APB), PKC inhibitor (GF109203), and CaMKII inhibitor (KN-62), blocked phosphorylation of MEK activated by IL-3 and GM-CSF, suggesting the participation of Ca(2+) -dependent kinases in MEK activation. In addition, we identify phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) as a PLCγ responsible for the induction of Ca(2+) release by IL-3 and GM-CSF in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, the PLCγ inhibitor U73122 significantly reduced the numbers of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units after cytokine stimulation. Similar results were obtained in both murine and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Taken together, these data indicate a role for PLCγ2 and Ca(2+) signaling through the modulation of MEK in both murine and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M M P Leon
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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