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Gama SM, Varela VA, Ribeiro NM, Bizzarro B, Hernandes C, Aloia TPA, Amano MT, Pereira WO. AKT inhibition interferes with the expression of immune checkpoint proteins and increases NK-induced killing of HL60-AML cells. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2023; 21:eAO0171. [PMID: 37341216 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of the AKT pathway in the regulating of natural Killer-induced apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells and to characterize the associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS BALB/c nude mice were injected with HL60 cells to induce a xenogenic model of subcutaneous leukemic tumors. Mice were treated with perifosine, and their spleens were analyzed using biometry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis in leukemia cells was performed by real-time PCR. Protein analysis of leukemia and natural Killer cells was performed by flow cytometry. AKT inhibition in HL60 cells, followed by co-culture with natural Killer cells was performed to assess cytotoxicity. Apoptosis rate was quantified using flow cytometry. RESULTS Perifosine treatment caused a reduction in leukemic infiltration in the spleens of BALB/c nude mice. In vitro , AKT inhibition reduced HL60 resistance to natural Killer-induced apoptosis. AKT inhibition suppressed the immune checkpoint proteins PD-L1, galectin-9, and CD122 in HL60 cells, but did not change the expression of their co-receptors PD1, Tim3, and CD96 on the natural Killer cell surface. In addition, the death receptors DR4, TNFR1, and FAS were overexpressed by AKT inhibition, thus increasing the susceptibility of HL60 cells to the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. CONCLUSION The AKT pathway is involved in resistance to natural Killer-induced apoptosis in HL60 cells by regulating the expression of immune suppressor receptors. These findings highlight the importance of AKT in contributing to immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia and suggests the potential of AKT inhibition as an adjunct to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mônaco Gama
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araújo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Natalia Mazini Ribeiro
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Camila Hernandes
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Thiago Pinheiro Arrais Aloia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology , Escola Paulista de Medicina , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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2
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Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Fukumori C, Ribeiro WR, Oliveira FA, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Setubal JC, Mayer MPA, Martins FS, Vieira AT, Antiorio ATFB, Tavares-de-Lima W, Camara NOS, Curi R, Dias-Neto E, Ferreira CM. Correction to: A probiotic has differential effects on allergic airway inflammation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice and is correlated with the gut microbiome. Microbiome 2021; 9:159. [PMID: 34261528 PMCID: PMC8281702 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus B Casaro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fukumori
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gilson M Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal Universidade de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana T F B Antiorio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil.
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3
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Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Fukumori C, Ribeiro WR, Oliveira FA, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Setubal JC, Mayer MPA, Martins FS, Vieira AT, Antiorio ATFB, Tavares-de-Lima W, Camara NOS, Curi R, Dias-Neto E, Ferreira CM. A probiotic has differential effects on allergic airway inflammation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice and is correlated with the gut microbiome. Microbiome 2021; 9:134. [PMID: 34112246 PMCID: PMC8194189 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypes of allergic airway diseases are influenced by the interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiota, which may be modulated by probiotics. We investigated the probiotic effects on allergic inflammation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice had increased gut microbiota diversity compared to A/J mice at baseline. Acetate producer probiotics differentially modulated and altered the genus abundance of specific bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Allistipes, in mouse strains. We induced airway inflammation followed by probiotic treatment and found that only A/J mice exhibited decreased inflammation, and the beneficial effects of probiotics in A/J mice were partially due to acetate production. To understand the relevance of microbial composition colonization in the development of allergic diseases, we implanted female C57BL/6 mice with A/J embryos to naturally modulate the microbial composition of A/J mice, which increased gut microbiota diversity and reduced eosinophilic inflammation in A/J. These data demonstrate the central importance of microbiota to allergic phenotype severity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus B Casaro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fukumori
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gilson M Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal Universidade de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana T F B Antiorio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil.
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Schirato SR, El-Dash I, El-Dash V, Bizzarro B, Marroni A, Pieri M, Cialoni D, Chaui-Berlinck JG. Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Decompression-Induced Physiological Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:743. [PMID: 32714210 PMCID: PMC7351513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between decompression-related physiological stress markers, given by inflammatory processes and immune system activation and changes in Heart Rate Variability, evaluating whether Heart Rate Variability can be used to estimate the physiological stress caused by the exposure to hyperbaric environments and subsequent decompression. A total of 28 volunteers participated in the experimental protocol. Electrocardiograms were performed; blood samples were obtained for the quantification of red cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and for immunophenotyping and microparticles (MP) research through Flow Cytometry, before and after each experimental protocol from each volunteer. Also, myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression and microparticles (MPs) deriving from platelets, neutrophils and endothelial cells were quantified. Negative associations between the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) in the time domain, the High Frequency in the frequency domain and the total number of circulating microparticles was observed (p-value = 0.03 and p-value = 0.02, respectively). The pre and post exposure ratio of variation in the number of circulating microparticles was negatively correlated with SDNN (p-value = 0.01). Additionally, a model based on the utilization of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBF-NN) was created and was able to predict the SDNN ratio of variation based on the variation of specific inflammatory markers (RMSE = 0.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rhein Schirato
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid El-Dash
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian El-Dash
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Peter Murányi Experimental Research Center, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Pieri
- DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Danilo Cialoni
- DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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5
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Coutinho ML, Bizzarro B, Tirloni L, Berger M, Freire Oliveira CJ, Sá-Nunes A, Silva Vaz I. Rhipicephalus microplus serpins interfere with host immune responses by specifically modulating mast cells and lymphocytes. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101425. [PMID: 32335011 PMCID: PMC11000276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus ticks feed on a bovine host for three weeks. At the attachment site, inflammatory and immune responses are triggered resulting in the recruitment of cells and production of a set of immunological mediators. To oppose the host's immune responses, ticks inoculate bioactive salivary molecules capable of interfering with these defense mechanisms. Serpins are among the most frequent molecules present in tick saliva and have been shown to negatively affect the host's anti-tick immunity. R. microplus has at least eighteen full-length serpins (RmS) and eleven are transcribed during blood feeding. Among them, RmS-3, RmS-6, and RmS-17 are present in the saliva of engorged females. Here, the effect of these serpins on the immune responses was evaluated in cells involved in innate/inflammatory (mast cells and macrophages) and adaptive (T cells) immunity. RmS-3 modulated mast cells due to its inhibitory activity on peritoneal rat chymase and on vascular permeability in acute inflammation. In addition, both RmS-6 and RmS-17 inhibited vascular permeability. Of the three serpins studied, neither affected activation nor inflammatory cytokine production by murine macrophages. On the other hand, RmS-3 and RmS-17 presented an inhibitory effect on the metabolic activity of lymphocytes, with the latter being the most potent, while RmS-6 had no effect on it. This activity was associated with a decrease in lymphocyte proliferation, but not with induction of cell death. The present study highlights the powerful modulatory role of tick salivary serpins in the host's immune system and inspire the discovery of targets for the treatment of inflammatory/immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Coutinho
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil.
| | - Carlo Jose Freire Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38025-180, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Itabajara Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Fukumori C, Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Ribeiro WR, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Dias-Neto E, Setubal JC, Oliveira MA, Tavares-de-Lima W, Curi R, Bordin S, Sartorelli P, Ferreira CM. Maternal supplementation with a synbiotic has distinct outcomes on offspring gut microbiota formation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice, differentially affecting airway inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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7
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Esteves E, Bizzarro B, Costa FB, Ramírez-Hernández A, Peti APF, Cataneo AHD, Wowk PF, Timóteo RP, Labruna MB, Silva Junior PI, Silva CL, Faccioli LH, Fogaça AC, Sorgi CA, Sá-Nunes A. Amblyomma sculptum Salivary PGE 2 Modulates the Dendritic Cell- Rickettsia rickettsii Interactions in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:118. [PMID: 30778355 PMCID: PMC6369204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amblyomma sculptum is an important vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the most lethal tick-borne pathogen affecting humans. To feed on the vertebrate host's blood, A. sculptum secretes a salivary mixture, which may interact with skin resident dendritic cells (DCs) and modulate their function. The present work was aimed at depicting the A. sculptum saliva-host DC network and the biochemical nature of the immunomodulatory component(s) involved in this interface. A. sculptum saliva inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines by murine DCs stimulated with LPS. The fractionation of the low molecular weight salivary content by reversed-phase chromatography revealed active fractions eluting from 49 to 55% of the acetonitrile gradient. Previous studies suggested that this pattern of elution matches with that observed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the molecular identity of this lipid mediator was unambiguously confirmed by a new high-resolution mass spectrometry methodology. A productive infection of murine DCs by R. rickettsii was demonstrated for the first time leading to proinflammatory cytokine production that was inhibited by both A. sculptum saliva and PGE2, a result also achieved with human DCs. The adoptive transfer of murine DCs incubated with R. rickettsii followed by treatment with A. sculptum saliva or PGE2 did not change the cytokine profile associated to cellular recall responses while IgG2a-specific antibodies were decreased in the serum of these mice. Together, these findings emphasize the role of PGE2 as a universal immunomodulator of tick saliva. In addition, it contributes to new approaches to explore R. rickettsii-DC interactions both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Esteves
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Borges Costa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferranti Peti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo
- Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Célio Lopes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cristina Fogaça
- Department de Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arterio Sorgi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Breijo M, Esteves E, Bizzarro B, Lara PG, Assis JB, Rocha S, Pastro L, Fernández C, Meikle A, Sá-Nunes A. Hematobin is a novel immunomodulatory protein from the saliva of the horn fly Haematobia irritans that inhibits the inflammatory response in murine macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:435. [PMID: 30053916 PMCID: PMC6064106 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The horn fly Haematobia irritans is a blood-sucking ectoparasite responsible for substantial economic loss of livestock. Like other hematophagous arthropods species, the successful blood-feeding of H. irritans is highly dependent on the modulation of the host’s hemostasis and immune system. Here, we evaluated the biological activity of hematobin (HTB), a protein recently identified in the H. irritans saliva, on macrophage biology. The goal was to understand the putative interactions between the components of H. irritans saliva and the early host immune responses. Results Thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the presence or absence of recombinant HTB. The presence of the salivary protein in the cultures inhibited nitric oxide production and decreased the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by LPS plus IFN-γ. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) levels were also reduced in the macrophages pre-incubated with HTB; these findings correlated to the decreased NF-κB expression. The biological activities described here were not associated with changes in annexin V binding to macrophages suggesting that HTB does not induce cell death. In addition, the activity of HTB seems to be specific to macrophages because no changes were observed in lymphocyte proliferation or cytokine production. Conclusions We describe here the first bioactive salivary protein of H. irritans. We characterized its ability to modulate macrophage inflammatory response, and the results can help explain how horn flies modulate the host immune system to feed on blood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3017-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breijo
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Eliane Esteves
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila G Lara
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Josiane B Assis
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sergio Rocha
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Pastro
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá, 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. Alfredo Navarro, 3051, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Meikle
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Sá-Nunes A, Bizzarro B, Egydio F, Barros MS, Sesti-Costa R, Soares EM, Pina A, Russo M, Faccioli LH, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The dual effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation on murine immune functions. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 290:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mello AS, de Oliveira DC, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Hastreiter AA, Beltran JSDO, Xavier JG, Borelli P, Fock RA. Protein malnutrition alters spleen cell proliferation and IL-2 and IL-10 production by affecting the STAT-1 and STAT-3 balance. Inflammation 2015; 37:2125-38. [PMID: 24986442 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition (PM) is an important public health problem that affects resistance to infection by impairing a number of physiological processes. PM induces structural changes in the lymphoid organs that affect the roles of the immune and inflammatory responses in a crucial way. The activation of different transcription factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members, leads to the production of different cytokines, which are mediators essential to mounting adequate immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, malnourished animals presented anemia, leukopenia, and a severe reduction in spleen cellularity, with reduced numbers of most cell populations, as well as increased percentages of CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells. The proliferation rates were reduced, and cells were increasingly observed in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase; further, IL-2 production was reduced, while IL-10 production was increased. In spleen cells from malnourished animals, STAT-3 protein expression was increased, with a concomitant reduction in STAT-1 expression. Knowing that STAT-1 and STAT-3 are key transcription factors in both immunity and inflammatory pathways, these results infer, at least in part, a mechanistic pathway that affects the manner or intensity of the immune response in malnourished individuals, increasing susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Siqueira Mello
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Francischetti IMB, Gordon E, Bizzarro B, Gera N, Andrade BB, Oliveira F, Ma D, Assumpção TCF, Ribeiro JMC, Pena M, Qi CF, Diouf A, Moretz SE, Long CA, Ackerman HC, Pierce SK, Sá-Nunes A, Waisberg M. Tempol, an intracellular antioxidant, inhibits tissue factor expression, attenuates dendritic cell function, and is partially protective in a murine model of cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87140. [PMID: 24586264 PMCID: PMC3938406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) remains incompletely understood. Methods and Findings We undertook testing Tempol—a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and pleiotropic intracellular antioxidant—in cells relevant to malaria pathogenesis in the context of coagulation and inflammation. Tempol was also tested in a murine model of CM induced by Plasmodium berghei Anka infection. Tempol was found to prevent transcription and functional expression of procoagulant tissue factor in endothelial cells (ECs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This effect was accompanied by inhibition of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) production. Tempol also attenuated platelet aggregation and human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells oxidative burst. In dendritic cells, Tempol inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p70, downregulated expression of co-stimulatory molecules, and prevented antigen-dependent lymphocyte proliferation. Notably, Tempol (20 mg/kg) partially increased the survival of mice with CM. Mechanistically, treated mice had lowered plasma levels of MCP-1, suggesting that Tempol downmodulates EC function and vascular inflammation. Tempol also diminished blood brain barrier permeability associated with CM when started at day 4 post infection but not at day 1, suggesting that ROS production is tightly regulated. Other antioxidants—such as α-phenyl N-tertiary-butyl nitrone (PBN; a spin trap), MnTe-2-PyP and MnTBAP (Mn-phorphyrin), Mitoquinone (MitoQ) and Mitotempo (mitochondrial antioxidants), M30 (an iron chelator), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; polyphenol from green tea) did not improve survival. By contrast, these compounds (except PBN) inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth in culture with different IC50s. Knockout mice for SOD1 or phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (gp91phox–/–) or mice treated with inhibitors of SOD (diethyldithiocarbamate) or NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium) did not show protection or exacerbation for CM. Conclusion Results with Tempol suggest that intracellular ROS contribute, in part, to CM pathogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of intracellular ROS in CM is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M. B. Francischetti
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IMBF); (MW)
| | - Emile Gordon
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nidhi Gera
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dongying Ma
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teresa C. F. Assumpção
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - José M. C. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mirna Pena
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ababacar Diouf
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel E. Moretz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Ackerman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Waisberg
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Virginia, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IMBF); (MW)
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Bizzarro B, Barros MS, Maciel C, Gueroni DI, Lino CN, Campopiano J, Kotsyfakis M, Amarante-Mendes GP, Calvo E, Capurro ML, Sá-Nunes A. Effects of Aedes aegypti salivary components on dendritic cell and lymphocyte biology. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:329. [PMID: 24238038 PMCID: PMC3843549 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva is a key element of interaction between hematophagous mosquitoes and their vertebrate hosts. In addition to allowing a successful blood meal by neutralizing or delaying hemostatic responses, the salivary cocktail is also able to modulate the effector mechanisms of host immune responses facilitating, in turn, the transmission of several types of microorganisms. Understanding how the mosquito uses its salivary components to circumvent host immunity might help to clarify the mechanisms of transmission of such pathogens and disease establishment. Methods Flow cytometry was used to evaluate if increasing concentrations of A. aegypti salivary gland extract (SGE) affects bone marrow-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of SGE was estimated by a colorimetric assay. Western blot and Annexin V staining assays were used to assess apoptosis in these cells. Naïve and memory cells from mosquito-bite exposed mice or OVA-immunized mice and their respective controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Concentration-response curves were employed to evaluate A. aegypti SGE effects on DC and lymphocyte biology. DCs differentiation from bone marrow precursors, their maturation and function were not directly affected by A. aegypti SGE (concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 40 μg/mL). On the other hand, lymphocytes were very sensitive to the salivary components and died in the presence of A. aegypti SGE, even at concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/mL. In addition, A. aegypti SGE was shown to induce apoptosis in all lymphocyte populations evaluated (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells) through a mechanism involving caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not Bim. By using different approaches to generate memory cells, we were able to verify that these cells are resistant to SGE effects. Conclusion Our results show that lymphocytes, and not DCs, are the primary target of A. aegypti salivary components. In the presence of A. aegypti SGE, naïve lymphocyte populations die by apoptosis in a caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent pathway, while memory cells are selectively more resistant to its effects. The present work contributes to elucidate the activities of A. aegypti salivary molecules on the antigen presenting cell-lymphocyte axis and in the biology of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
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Koga MM, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Rios FJO, Jancar S. Activation of PAF-receptor induces regulatory dendritic cells through PGE2 and IL-10. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:319-26. [PMID: 24120121 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) in macrophages is associated with suppressor phenotype. Here, we investigated the PAFR in murine dendritic cells (DC). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BALB/c) were cultured with GM-CSF and maturation was induced by LPS. The PAFR antagonists (WEB2086, WEB2170, PCA4248) and the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitors (indomethacin, nimesulide and NS-398) were added before LPS. Mature and immature DCs expressed PAFR. LPS increased MHCII, CD40, CD80, CD86, CCR7 and induced IL-10, IL-12, COX-2 and PGE2 expression. IL-10, COX-2 and PGE2 levels were reduced by PAFR antagonists and increased by cPAF. The IL-10 production was independent of PGs. Mature DCs induced antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. PAFR antagonists or PG-synthesis inhibitors significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation. It is proposed that PAF has a central role in regulatory DC differentiation through potentiation of IL-10 and PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna M Koga
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
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