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Thomas HA, Singh N, Thomas AM, Masih S, Cherian JM, Varghese KG. Effect of protective coating agents on microleakage and flexural strength of glass ionomer cement and zirconomer. an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:57-63. [PMID: 37991624 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to assess the microleakage and flexural strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and modified GIC (Zirconomer) when coated with protective coating agents such as COAT-IT and G-COAT plus. METHODS Sixty tooth specimens were grouped into two groups based on the type of restorations (GIC (n = 30) and Zirconomer (n = 30)). The samples were further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) based on the protective coating agent (Petroleum jelly, G-COAT Plus, or COAT IT) applied. This study evaluated the microleakage at the occlusal and cervical margins of class V restoration after being subjected to dye penetration and sectioning. Each specimen was viewed under a 40 × microscope and was given scores based on the depth of dye penetration. They were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and compared within the groups using the Mann- Whitney Test. In addition, flexural strength was assessed using standardized cuboid (25 × 2 × 2 mm) specimens of restorative materials with and without protective coating agents. The mean flexural strength data of all the subgroups were statistically evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared within the subgroups using the student t test. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found when occlusal margin microleakage scores were evaluated with G-COAT Plus demonstrating the lowest occlusal margin microleakage when applied over GIC restoration. The increasing order of occlusal margin microleakage scores is as follows: GIC with G-COAT Plus, Zirconomer with COAT-IT, GIC with COAT-IT, GIC, Zirconomer with G-COAT Plus, and Zirconomer. However, the cervical margin microleakage scores revealed no significant difference. While flexural strength was found to be highest for the GIC group coated with G-COAT Plus, it was observed that there was a significant improvement in the flexural strength of both GIC and Zirconomer when coated with either of the protective coating agents. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was observed that the application of protective coating agents can significantly reduce the potential microleakage and improve the flexural strength of the restorative material especially when zirconia-reinforced GIC is the restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - N Singh
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A M Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Masih
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J M Cherian
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K G Varghese
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ogbechi J, Wright HL, Balint S, Topping LM, Kristina Z, Huang YS, Pantazi E, Swart M, Windell D, Marin E, Wempe MF, Endou H, Thomas AM, Filer A, Stone TW, Clarke AJ, Dustin ML, Williams RO. LAT1 enables T cell activation under inflammatory conditions. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103031. [PMID: 37229811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1) as a possible therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial LAT1 expression in RA was monitored by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic datasets. The contribution of LAT1 to gene expression and immune synapse formation was assessed by RNA-sequencing and total internal reflection fluorescent (TIRF) microscopy, respectively. Mouse models of RA were used to assess the impact of therapeutic targeting of LAT1. LAT1 was strongly expressed by CD4+ T cells in the synovial membrane of people with active RA and the level of expression correlated with levels of ESR and CRP as well as DAS-28 scores. Deletion of LAT1 in murine CD4+ T cells inhibited the development of experimental arthritis and prevented the differentiation of CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and TNF-α, without affecting regulatory T cells. LAT1 deficient CD4+ T cells demonstrated reduced transcription of genes associated with TCR/CD28 signalling, including Akt1, Akt2, Nfatc2, Nfkb1 and Nfkb2. Functional studies using TIRF microscopy revealed a significant impairment of immune synapse formation with reduced recruitment of CD3ζ and phospho-tyrosine signalling molecules in LAT1 deficient CD4+ T cells from the inflamed joints but not the draining lymph nodes of arthritic mice. Finally, it was shown that a small molecule LAT1 inhibitor, currently undergoing clinical trials in man, was highly effective in treating experimental arthritis in mice. It was concluded that LAT1 plays a critical role in activation of pathogenic T cell subsets under inflammatory conditions and represents a promising new therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ogbechi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK.
| | - Helen L Wright
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, L7 8TX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stefan Balint
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise M Topping
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Zec Kristina
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Maarten Swart
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan Windell
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Eros Marin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma, Co. Ltd., J-Pharma Co., Ltd. Leading Venture Plaza 1-308, 75-1 Onocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0046, Japan
| | | | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group and Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Clarke
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK
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Manghi P, Blanco-Míguez A, Manara S, NabiNejad A, Cumbo F, Beghini F, Armanini F, Golzato D, Huang KD, Thomas AM, Piccinno G, Punčochář M, Zolfo M, Lesker TR, Bredon M, Planchais J, Glodt J, Valles-Colomer M, Koren O, Pasolli E, Asnicar F, Strowig T, Sokol H, Segata N. MetaPhlAn 4 profiling of unknown species-level genome bins improves the characterization of diet-associated microbiome changes in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112464. [PMID: 37141097 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are key tools for investigating host-microbiome interactions. However, shotgun metagenomics can only profile a limited fraction of the mouse gut microbiome. Here, we employ a metagenomic profiling method, MetaPhlAn 4, which exploits a large catalog of metagenome-assembled genomes (including 22,718 metagenome-assembled genomes from mice) to improve the profiling of the mouse gut microbiome. We combine 622 samples from eight public datasets and an additional cohort of 97 mouse microbiomes, and we assess the potential of MetaPhlAn 4 to better identify diet-related changes in the host microbiome using a meta-analysis approach. We find multiple, strong, and reproducible diet-related microbial biomarkers, largely increasing those identifiable by other available methods relying only on reference information. The strongest drivers of the diet-induced changes are uncharacterized and previously undetected taxa, confirming the importance of adopting metagenomic methods integrating metagenomic assemblies for comprehensive profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Serena Manara
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Amir NabiNejad
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Kun D Huang
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Moreno Zolfo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Till R Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Bredon
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - Julien Planchais
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jeremy Glodt
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Thomas AM, Wilkinson MAC. Letter to the Editor: Postoperative Infection After Total Hip Replacement With Special Reference to Air Contamination in the Operating Room. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:1053-1054. [PMID: 36795507 PMCID: PMC10097581 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Thomas
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Thomas AM. Comment on paper by Lv. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:286-287. [PMID: 35686744 PMCID: PMC9974351 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- AM Thomas
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Thomas HA, Thomas AM, Varghese KG. Smartphone applications as a tool to improve children's brushing habits. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00787-1. [PMID: 36841848 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H A Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A M Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K G Varghese
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Visconti A, Rossi N, Deriš H, Lee KA, Hanić M, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Thomas AM, Bolte LA, Björk JR, Hooiveld-Noeken JS, Board R, Harland M, Newton-Bishop J, Harries M, Sacco JJ, Lorigan P, Shaw HM, de Vries EGE, Fehrmann RSN, Weersma RK, Spector TD, Nathan P, Hospers GAP, Sasieni P, Bataille V, Lauc G, Falchi M. Total serum N-glycans associate with response to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy and survival in patients with advanced melanoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:166. [PMID: 36805683 PMCID: PMC9938582 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma and other cancers. However, no reliable biomarker of survival or response has entered the clinic to identify those patients with melanoma who are most likely to benefit from ICIs. Glycosylation affects proteins and lipids' structure and functions. Tumours are characterized by aberrant glycosylation which may contribute to their progression and hinder an effective antitumour immune response. METHODS We aim at identifying novel glyco-markers of response and survival by leveraging the N-glycome of total serum proteins collected in 88 ICI-naive patients with advanced melanoma from two European countries. Samples were collected before and during ICI treatment. RESULTS We observe that responders to ICIs present with a pre-treatment N-glycome profile significantly shifted towards higher abundancy of low-branched structures containing lower abundances of antennary fucose, and that this profile is positively associated with survival and a better predictor of response than clinical variables alone. CONCLUSION While changes in serum protein glycosylation have been previously implicated in a pro-metastatic melanoma behaviour, we show here that they are also associated with response to ICI, opening new avenues for the stratification of patients and the design of adjunct therapies aiming at improving immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twins Research & Genetics Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twins Research & Genetics Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla A Lee
- Department of Twins Research & Genetics Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maja Hanić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Laura A Bolte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Björk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth Board
- Department of Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chorley, UK
| | - Mark Harland
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St. James', University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St. James', University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Harries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Liverpool Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Heather M Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twins Research & Genetics Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Sasieni
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twins Research & Genetics Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK.
- Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, UK.
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twins Research & Genetics Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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Kurian N, Gupta VV, Thomas AM, Cherian JM, Varghese KG. Mobile dental services. Br Dent J 2023; 234:13. [PMID: 36639460 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Thomas AM, Wilkinson MAC, Garvey MI. Changes in orthopaedic operating theatre practice, monitored using settle plates. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:600-604. [PMID: 35442847 PMCID: PMC9433170 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of ultraclean air in reducing deep infection was studied by Charnley who showed that the rate decreased as the airborne bacterial load was reduced. The effectiveness was shown in a large Medical Research Council (MRC) trial, but registry data have not shown a consistent benefit. Because we treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we decided to look at our theatre air quality. METHODS In phase 1 we monitored air quality using settle plates, exposed for one hour after the incision, on the instrument trolleys in a joint replacement theatre. In phase 1 the scrub person did not wear a body exhaust system. In phase 2 all three staff used a body exhaust system, and we played close attention to the orientation and position of the surgical lights and trolleys. RESULTS In phase 1 we grew 0.24 colonies/plate/hour in the ultraclean zone, which is comparable to the Charnley trial findings. In the second phase we grew 0.03 colonies/plate/hour (p<0.001). When plates were placed on the trolleys in controlled positions there was a tendency for the colonies to appear on the corners of the trolleys at the edge of the clean zone (NS). DISCUSSION The study showed that in phase 1 colony counts comparable to the original Charnley studies were achieved. Colony counts of 0.03 colonies/plate/hour can be achieved in contemporary practice, with all team members using body exhausts.
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Terrisse S, Goubet AG, Ueda K, Thomas AM, Quiniou V, Thelemaque C, Dunsmore G, Clave E, Gamat-Huber M, Yonekura S, Derosa L, Culine S, Opolon P, Ginhoux F, Toubert A, Segata N, McNeel DG, Fizazi K, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen depletion therapy against prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
168 Background: Prostate cancer (PC) responds to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) usually in a transient fashion, progressing from hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC) to castration-resistant PC (CRPC). While it is recognized that ADT has an immunomodulatory effect, little is known about the intestinal microbiome effect on therapeutic outcome of ADT. Methods: We investigated a mouse model of PC as well as specimens from PC patients to unravel an unsuspected contribution of thymus-derived T lymphocytes and the intestinal microbiota in the efficacy of ADT. Preclinical experiments were performed in PC-bearing mice, immunocompetent or immunodeficient. In parallel, we prospectively included 65 HSPC and CRPC patients to analyze their feces and blood specimen. Results: In PC-bearing mice, ADT increased thymic cellularity and output. PC implanted in T lymphocyte-depleted or athymic mice responded less efficiently to ADT than in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, depletion of the intestinal microbiota by oral antibiotics reduced the efficacy of ADT. PC reduced the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut, and this effect was reversed by ADT. Moreover, cohousing of PC-bearing mice with tumor-free mice, or oral gavage with Akkermansia improved the efficacy of ADT. This appear to be applicable to PC patients because long-term ADT resulted in an increase of thymic output, as demonstrated by an increase in circulating recent thymic emigrant cells (sjTRECs). Moreover, as compared to HSPC controls, CRPC patients demonstrated a shift in their intestinal microbiota that significantly correlated with sjTRECs. While feces from healthy volunteers restored ADT efficacy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that reversing the intestinal dysbiosis and repairing acquired immune defects in PC patients have a potential impact on the therapeutic outcome of ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Terrisse
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Medicale Oncology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Kosuke Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Garett Dunsmore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS-1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Gamat-Huber
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Madison, WI
| | - Satoru Yonekura
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Sud University, department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Culine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS-1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Karim Fizazi
- Gustave Roussy and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- U1138 Inserm, Metabolism, Cancer and Immunity, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- U1015 INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Fukumori C, Ribeiro WR, Oliveira FA, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Setubal JC, Mayer MPA, Martins FS, Vieira AT, Antiorio ATFB, Tavares-de-Lima W, Camara NOS, Curi R, Dias-Neto E, Ferreira CM. Correction to: A probiotic has differential effects on allergic airway inflammation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice and is correlated with the gut microbiome. Microbiome 2021; 9:159. [PMID: 34261528 PMCID: PMC8281702 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus B Casaro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fukumori
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gilson M Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal Universidade de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana T F B Antiorio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil.
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Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Fukumori C, Ribeiro WR, Oliveira FA, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Sá-Nunes A, Setubal JC, Mayer MPA, Martins FS, Vieira AT, Antiorio ATFB, Tavares-de-Lima W, Camara NOS, Curi R, Dias-Neto E, Ferreira CM. A probiotic has differential effects on allergic airway inflammation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice and is correlated with the gut microbiome. Microbiome 2021; 9:134. [PMID: 34112246 PMCID: PMC8194189 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypes of allergic airway diseases are influenced by the interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiota, which may be modulated by probiotics. We investigated the probiotic effects on allergic inflammation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice had increased gut microbiota diversity compared to A/J mice at baseline. Acetate producer probiotics differentially modulated and altered the genus abundance of specific bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Allistipes, in mouse strains. We induced airway inflammation followed by probiotic treatment and found that only A/J mice exhibited decreased inflammation, and the beneficial effects of probiotics in A/J mice were partially due to acetate production. To understand the relevance of microbial composition colonization in the development of allergic diseases, we implanted female C57BL/6 mice with A/J embryos to naturally modulate the microbial composition of A/J mice, which increased gut microbiota diversity and reduced eosinophilic inflammation in A/J. These data demonstrate the central importance of microbiota to allergic phenotype severity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus B Casaro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fukumori
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gilson M Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bizzarro
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal Universidade de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana T F B Antiorio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-03, Brazil.
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13
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Derosa L, Routy B, Zitvogel L, Thomas AM, Zalcman G, Friard S, Mazieres J, Audigier-Valette C, Moro-Sibilot D, Goldwasser F, Richard C, Ghiringhelli F, Barlesi F, Elkrief A, Alves Costa Silva C, Planchard D, Segata N, Martinez S, Soria JC, Besse B. Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila predicts overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies: Results a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9019 Background: The gut microbiome, most specifically centered on one of the most prevalent anaerobic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk), has emerged as a potential hallmark of clinical benefit to ICI. The goal of this study was to validate the prognostic significance of Akk in advanced NSCLC patients amenable to ICI. Methods: The multicentric prospective observational study enrolled patients with advanced NSCLC amenable to single agent ICI in first and second line. Stool sample was collected at study entry. Primary end-point was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). We considered that a meaningful clinical difference would correlate to a 10% ORR increase in the Akk-Pos group compared to the Akk-Neg group. At least 292 patients equally divided each in each group would be required for a power at 80% and a two-sided alpha level of 5%. Results: From Dec 2015 to Nov 2019, a total of 409 patients were screened and 311 patients enrolled across 12 academic centers in France and Canada. Median age was 64yr, 32% were female, 77% had non-squamous NSCLC and PD-L1 was ≥1% in 70% of the 213 assessable samples. Akk was detectable in 158 (51%) and absent in 153 (49%) patients. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. When considering Akk-Pos vs Akk-Neg groups the primary endpoint ORR was 27% and 17% respectively ( p = 0.04). Rates of partial response, stable disease and progressive disease (PD) were 62%, 50% and 46% respectively in the Akk-Pos group compared to 38%, 50% and 54% in the Akk-Neg group ( p = 0.04). Moreover, 57% of patients were still alive after 12 months in the Akk-Pos group vs 43% in the Akk-Neg group ( p = 0.04). Microbiome profiling demonstrated that Akk-Pos group was associated with increase bacterial diversity and enrichment of Ruminococcus, Alistipes and Eubacterium. When considering the variations of the relative abundance of Akk within the Akk-Pos group, we obtained a large interval ranging from 0.0022% up to 64.78% with a 75th percentile at 4.42%. The relative abundance of Akk within > 0% to < 4.42% range in stools at diagnosis was associated with increased ORR, overall survival (OS) in multivariate analysis, independent of PD-L1 expression and ECOG. This sub-group was associated with more inflamed tumors with upregulation of CD3e, IfngTH1 and Vcam-1. Conversely, patients with overrepresentation of Akk > 4.42% experienced more PD and shorter OS. Antibiotic use was associated with a shift in favor of Gammaproteobacteria, enrichment of Akk ( > 4.42%) and shorter OS. Conclusions: We validated the prognostic role of Akk in patients with NSCLC. Stratification based on Akk relative abundance represents a more accurate independent predictor than the binary modality. Our study provides the rationale to develop microbiome-based approach to study gut dysbiosis in routine clinical oncology care. Clinical trial information: NCT04567446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Derosa
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Sud University, Francepartment of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Routy
- University of Montreal Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- U1015 INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrew M. Thomas
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerard Zalcman
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, CIC INSERM 1425, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Mazieres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse–Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Francois Goldwasser
- Department of Medical Oncology, CERTIM group, Cochin Port-Royal Hospital, Paris University, AP-HP 5, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Richard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Arielle Elkrief
- University of Montreal Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - David Planchard
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Oncology, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO. University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Medicine and Thoracic Pathology Committee, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Thomas AM, Li S, Chu C, Shats I, Xu J, Calabresi PA, van Zijl PCM, Walczak P, Bulte JWM. Evaluation of cell transplant-mediated attenuation of diffuse injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using onVDMP CEST MRI. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113316. [PMID: 32304749 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development and translation of cell therapies have been hindered by an inability to predict and evaluate their efficacy after transplantation. Using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we studied attenuation of the diffuse injury characteristic of EAE and MS by transplanted glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs). We assessed the potential of on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to visualize this attenuation. Allogeneic GRPs transplanted in the motor cortex or lateral ventricles attenuated paralysis in EAE mice and attenuated differences compared to naïve mice in onVDMP CEST signal 5 days after transplantation near the transplantation site. Histological analysis revealed that transplanted GRPs co-localized with attenuated astrogliosis. Hence, diffuse injury-sensitive onVDMP CEST MRI may complement conventional MRI to locate and monitor tissue regions responsive to GRP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thomas
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - S Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - C Chu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - I Shats
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America
| | - P A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America; Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P Walczak
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J W M Bulte
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America; Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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Takenaka IKT, Moda BS, Bartelli TF, Amorim MG, Albuquerque GE, Thomas AM, Dias-Neto E, Nunes DN. Abstract A26: Comparison of DNA extraction kits for metagenomic studies in feces. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
DNA extraction is a critical step in metagenomic studies since it requires the proper lysis of cell walls, allowing the recovery of nucleic acids that would represent the total diversity of communities. Recent studies indicated that the use of different DNA extraction methods in the same sample yielded distinct microbial profiles, highlighting the importance of standardization in DNA extraction methodologies to accurately measure the human microbiome. These issues are even more critical when limiting amounts of samples are available, or when studies target communities with reduced abundance, such as fungi, which represents only 0.1% of total gut microbiota, as has been poorly explored. Here we investigated the performance of three commercial kits for DNA extraction from human fecal samples: QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen), E.Z.N.A. Stool DNA Kit (Omega), and ZymoBIOMICS DNA Kit (Zymo), all with or without adding an enzymatic extraction with MetaPolyzyme (MAC4L - Sigma), in an attempt to improve the microbiome community profiling. After extraction, DNA-quality and yield were evaluated using Qubit and real-time PCR, V4-V5 16S rRNA and ITS2 followed by DNA sequencing, as well as further analysis using shotgun DNA sequencing. No significant differences were observed in DNA yield as evaluated by Qubit; an average of 40.3 ng/ul of DNA was obtained for all samples and kits. For both fungi and bacteria analysis, the addition of MAC4L in the extraction protocol apparently did not change the alpha diversity (observed and Shannon) for both individuals. Our analysis for samples extracted with different kits, with or without MAC4L, indicated the percentage of reads from bacteria to vary between 85-90%, whereas fungi were between 0.29-0.49%. Human DNA was also found, as expected, and relative amounts varied from 0.1 to 0.3%. qPCR showed that for all kits up to 50ng of DNA/15uL reaction can be safely used, with no significant DNA polymerase inhibition. These results showed similar efficacy for the three kits in representing bacteria and fungi from feces, and maybe because all these kits had a bead-beading step we had no clear benefits from adding extra enzymatic digestion steps with MAC4L. Finally, we decided to use the Omega kit in our lab, since it combines a simple extraction protocol and is reliable and cost-effective.
Citation Format: Isabella Kuniko T. Takenaka, Bruno S. Moda, Thaís F. Bartelli, Maria G. Amorim, Gabriela E. Albuquerque, Andrew M. Thomas, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Diana N. Nunes. Comparison of DNA extraction kits for metagenomic studies in feces [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
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Bartelli TF, Senda de Abrantes LL, Freitas HC, Thomas AM, Silva JM, Albuquerque GE, Araújo LF, Branco GP, de Amorim MG, Serpa MS, Takenaka IKTM, Souza DT, Monção LO, Moda BS, Valieris R, Defelicibus A, Borges R, Drummond RD, Alves FIA, Santos MNP, Bobrovnitchaia IG, Elhaik E, Coelho LGV, Khayat A, Demachki S, Assumpção PP, Santiago KM, Torrezan GT, Carraro DM, Peres SV, Calsavara VF, Burbano R, Nóbrega CR, Baladão GPP, Pereira ACC, Gatti CM, Fagundes MA, Araújo MS, Miranda TV, Barbosa MS, Cardoso DMM, Carneiro LC, Brito AM, Ramos AFPL, Silva LLL, Pontes JC, Tiengo T, Arantes PE, Santana V, Cordeiro M, Sant’Ana RO, Andrade HB, Anaissi AKM, Sampaio SV, Abdallah EA, Chinen LTD, Braun AC, Flores BCT, Mello CAL, Claro LCL, Sztokfisz CZ, Altamirano CC, Carter DRF, Jesus VHF, Riechelmann R, Medina T, Gollob KJ, Martins VR, Setúbal JC, Pelosof AG, Coimbra FJ, Costa-Jr WL, Silva IT, Nunes DN, Curado MP, Dias-Neto E. Genomics and epidemiology for gastric adenocarcinomas (GE4GAC): a Brazilian initiative to study gastric cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41241-019-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidences in Asia, Central, and South American countries. This patchy distribution means that GC studies are neglected by large research centers from developed countries. The need for further understanding of this complex disease, including the local importance of epidemiological factors and the rich ancestral admixture found in Brazil, stimulated the implementation of the GE4GAC project. GE4GAC aims to embrace epidemiological, clinical, molecular and microbiological data from Brazilian controls and patients with malignant and pre-malignant gastric disease. In this letter, we summarize the main goals of the project, including subject and sample accrual and current findings.
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Fukumori C, Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Ribeiro WR, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Dias-Neto E, Setubal JC, Oliveira MA, Tavares-de-Lima W, Curi R, Bordin S, Sartorelli P, Ferreira CM. Maternal supplementation with a synbiotic has distinct outcomes on offspring gut microbiota formation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice, differentially affecting airway inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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19
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Wirbel J, Pyl PT, Kartal E, Zych K, Kashani A, Milanese A, Fleck JS, Voigt AY, Palleja A, Ponnudurai R, Sunagawa S, Coelho LP, Schrotz-King P, Vogtmann E, Habermann N, Niméus E, Thomas AM, Manghi P, Gandini S, Serrano D, Mizutani S, Shiroma H, Shiba S, Shibata T, Yachida S, Yamada T, Waldron L, Naccarati A, Segata N, Sinha R, Ulrich CM, Brenner H, Arumugam M, Bork P, Zeller G. Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer. Nat Med 2019; 25:679-689. [PMID: 30936547 PMCID: PMC7984229 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Association studies have linked microbiome alterations with many human diseases. However, they have not always reported consistent results, thereby necessitating cross-study comparisons. Here, a meta-analysis of eight geographically and technically diverse fecal shotgun metagenomic studies of colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 768), which was controlled for several confounders, identified a core set of 29 species significantly enriched in CRC metagenomes (false discovery rate (FDR) < 1 × 10-5). CRC signatures derived from single studies maintained their accuracy in other studies. By training on multiple studies, we improved detection accuracy and disease specificity for CRC. Functional analysis of CRC metagenomes revealed enriched protein and mucin catabolism genes and depleted carbohydrate degradation genes. Moreover, we inferred elevated production of secondary bile acids from CRC metagenomes, suggesting a metabolic link between cancer-associated gut microbes and a fat- and meat-rich diet. Through extensive validations, this meta-analysis firmly establishes globally generalizable, predictive taxonomic and functional microbiome CRC signatures as a basis for future diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wirbel
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Theodor Pyl
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Surgery, Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ece Kartal
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Zych
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alireza Kashani
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessio Milanese
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas S Fleck
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Y Voigt
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Albert Palleja
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruby Ponnudurai
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luis Pedro Coelho
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nina Habermann
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma Niméus
- Division of Surgery, Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sayaka Mizutani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Shiroma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shiba
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Levi Waldron
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Zeller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Azboy I, Barrack R, Thomas AM, Haddad FS, Parvizi J. Aspirin and the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty: commonly asked questions. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:1420-1430. [PMID: 29092979 PMCID: PMC5742873 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b11.bjj-2017-0337.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of arthroplasties being performed
increases each year. Patients undergoing an arthroplasty are at
risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and appropriate prophylaxis
has been recommended. However, the optimal protocol and the best
agent to minimise VTE under these circumstances are not known. Although
many agents may be used, there is a difference in their efficacy
and the risk of bleeding. Thus, the selection of a particular agent relies
on the balance between the desire to minimise VTE and the attempt
to reduce the risk of bleeding, with its undesirable, and occasionally
fatal, consequences. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is an agent for VTE prophylaxis
following arthroplasty. Many studies have shown its efficacy in
minimising VTE under these circumstances. It is inexpensive and
well-tolerated, and its use does not require routine blood tests.
It is also a ‘milder’ agent and unlikely to result in haematoma
formation, which may increase both the risk of infection and the
need for further surgery. Aspirin is also unlikely to result in persistent
wound drainage, which has been shown to be associated with the use
of agents such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and other
more aggressive agents. The main objective of this review was to summarise the current
evidence relating to the efficacy of aspirin as a VTE prophylaxis
following arthroplasty, and to address some of the common questions
about its use. There is convincing evidence that, taking all factors into account,
aspirin is an effective, inexpensive, and safe form of VTE following
arthroplasty in patients without a major risk factor for VTE, such
as previous VTE. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1420–30.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Azboy
- Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Sheridan Building, Suite 1000, 125 South 9th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - R Barrack
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - A M Thomas
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| | - F S Haddad
- University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UK
| | - J Parvizi
- Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Sheridan Building, Suite 1000, 125 South 9th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Mendes E, Acetturi BG, Thomas AM, Martins FDS, Crisma AR, Murata G, Braga TT, Camâra NOS, Franco ALDS, Setubal JC, Ribeiro WR, Valduga CJ, Curi R, Dias-Neto E, Tavares-de-Lima W, Ferreira CM. Prophylactic Supplementation of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A Protects Mice from Ovariectomy-Induced Exacerbated Allergic Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1732. [PMID: 28959241 PMCID: PMC5604069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects more females than males after puberty, and its symptoms and severity in women change during menstruation and menopause. Recently, evidence has demonstrated that interactions among the microbiota, female sex hormones, and immunity are associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. However, no studies have investigated if therapeutic gut microbiota modulation strategies could affect asthma exacerbation during menstruation and menopause. Here we aimed to examine the preventive effects of a probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum 51A, on airway inflammation exacerbation in allergic ovariectomized mice. We first evaluated the gut microbiota composition and diversity in mice 10 days after ovariectomy. Next, we examined whether re-exposure of ovariectomized allergic mice to antigen (ovalbumin) would lead to exacerbation of lung inflammation. Finally, we evaluated the preventive and treatment effect of B. longum 51A on lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our results showed that whereas ovariectomy caused no alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity in this animal model, 10 days after ovariectomy, preventive use administration of B. longum 51A, rather than its use after surgery was capable of attenuate the exacerbated lung inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in ovariectomized allergic mice. This prophylactic effect of B. longum 51A involves acetate production, which led to increased fecal acetate levels and, consequently, increased Treg cells in ovariectomized allergic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São PauloDiadema, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G Acetturi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tárcio T Braga
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camâra
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Dos S Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - João C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São PauloDiadema, Brazil
| | - Claudete J Valduga
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Universidade de Anhanguera de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São PauloDiadema, Brazil
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22
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Dias-Neto E, Nunes DN, Thomas AM, Smith TL, Rao A, Lauer RC, Chen I, Arap W, Pasqualini R. PCA3 upregulation in prostate cancer: Analysis in a cohort of 497 subjects from TCGA. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16578 Background: Approved by the FDA as a diagnostic test, the long non-coding RNA PCA3 is the most specific human prostate cancer biomarker identified to date. The biological function of PCA3, which involves downregulating the tumor suppressor gene PRUNE2, has important therapeutic implications. Here we investigated RNA expression levels of these genes to better understand the dynamics of this regulatory process during cancer progression and its relevance for tumor aggressiveness. Methods: We downloaded clinical data, as well as PCA3 and PRUNE2 gene expression values (log2 RSEM), from 497 TCGA prostate cancer patients (totaling 550 samples) and their matched normal tissues using the Xena Browser. Expression values for both genes, and their ratios, were evaluated in terms of tumor vs non-tumor tissue, biochemical recurrence, pathologic T stage, Gleason scores and age at diagnosis. All p-values were obtained by the Wilcoxon rank Sum (2 groups) or the Kruskal-Wallis Test (3+ groups). Results: Using 52 malignant/non-malignant tissue pairs from our cohort, we confirmed previous findings that showed simultaneous PCA3 upregulation and PRUNE2 reduction in malignant samples when compared to non-malignant ( p<0.001). Normalized levels of PRUNE2 were informative for advanced tumors (Gleason >7) and in younger subjects (<50 years old), whereas PCA3/ PRUNE2ratios could discriminate all but the age at diagnosis group, and PCA3 levels were informative for all comparison groups. Conclusions: PCA3 appears to be a valuable marker of early stage disease or a less aggressive tumor. This suggests the activation of this oncogene to be an early event in PrCa, which may be later on replaced by other mechanisms that would sustain cancer progression and metastasis. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana N. Nunes
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew M. Thomas
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tracey L. Smith
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Arpit Rao
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Richard C. Lauer
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Isan Chen
- Mbrace Therapeutics, Inc., La Jolla, CA
| | - Wadih Arap
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
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Williams RH, Black SW, Thomas AM, Piquet J, Cauli B, Kilduff TS. 0122 HYPOCRETIN AFFECTS THE EXCITABILITY OF CORTICAL NNOS/NK1 NEURONS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Thomas AM, Schwartz MD, Saxe MD, Kilduff T. 0016 QEEG AND SLEEP/WAKE PHYSIOLOGY DISRUPTED IN NEUROLIGIN-3 KNOCKOUT RAT MODEL OF ASD. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Crowley T, O'Neil JD, Adams H, Thomas AM, Filer A, Buckley CD, Clark AR. Priming in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines is a feature of adult synovial but not dermal fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:35. [PMID: 28187781 PMCID: PMC5303242 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been hypothesized that chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be caused by a failure of negative feedback mechanisms. This study sought to examine negative feedback mechanisms in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), one of the most abundant cell types in the joint. We hypothesized that prior exposure of healthy FLS to an inflammatory stimulus would attenuate their responses to a second inflammatory stimulus, in the same way that negative feedback mechanisms desensitize macrophages to repeated stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. We further hypothesized that such negative feedback mechanisms would be defective in FLS derived from the joints in RA. Methods Synovial fibroblasts and dermal fibroblasts from non-inflamed joints and joints affected by RA and a fibroblast cell line from neonatal foreskin were stimulated twice with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α or interleukin (IL)-1α, with a 24-h rest period between the two 24-h stimulations. Differences between response to the first and second dose of cytokine were examined by assessing secretion of inflammatory factors and intracellular signalling activity. Results FLS from both non-inflamed joints and joints affected by RA mounted an augmented response to re-stimulation. This response was site-specific, as primary dermal fibroblasts did not alter their response between doses. The fibroblast priming was also gene-specific and transient. Assessment of signalling events and nuclear localization showed prolonged activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB during the second stimulation. Conclusion This study aimed to examine mechanisms of negative regulation of inflammatory responses in FLS. Instead, we found a pro-inflammatory stromal memory in FLS obtained from both non-inflamed joints and joints affected by RA. This suggests the joint is an area at high risk of chronic inflammation, and may provide a piece in the puzzle of how chronic inflammation is established in RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1248-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crowley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - John D O'Neil
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Holly Adams
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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Thomas AM, Jesus EC, Lopes A, Aguiar S, Begnami MD, Rocha RM, Carpinetti PA, Camargo AA, Hoffmann C, Freitas HC, Silva IT, Nunes DN, Setubal JC, Dias-Neto E. Tissue-Associated Bacterial Alterations in Rectal Carcinoma Patients Revealed by 16S rRNA Community Profiling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:179. [PMID: 28018861 PMCID: PMC5145865 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic and inflammatory forms of colorectal cancer (CRC) account for more than 80% of cases. Recent publications have shown mechanistic evidence for the involvement of gut bacteria in the development of both CRC-forms. Whereas, colon and rectal cancer have been routinely studied together as CRC, increasing evidence show these to be distinct diseases. Also, the common use of fecal samples to study microbial communities may reflect disease state but possibly not the tumor microenvironment. We performed this study to evaluate differences in bacterial communities found in tissue samples of 18 rectal-cancer subjects when compared to 18 non-cancer controls. Samples were collected during exploratory colonoscopy (non-cancer group) or during surgery for tumor excision (rectal-cancer group). High throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the V4-V5 region was conducted on the Ion PGM platform, reads were filtered using Qiime and clustered using UPARSE. We observed significant increases in species richness and diversity in rectal cancer samples, evidenced by the total number of OTUs and the Shannon and Simpson indexes. Enterotyping analysis divided our cohort into two groups, with the majority of rectal cancer samples clustering into one enterotype, characterized by a greater abundance of Bacteroides and Dorea. At the phylum level, rectal-cancer samples had increased abundance of candidate phylum OD1 (also known as Parcubacteria) whilst non-cancer samples had increased abundance of Planctomycetes. At the genera level, rectal-cancer samples had higher abundances of Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, Desulfovibrio, and Odoribacter whereas non-cancer samples had higher abundances of Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus. Two Bacteroides fragilis OTUs were more abundant among rectal-cancer patients seen through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, whose presence was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and enrichment verified by digital droplet PCR. Our findings point to increased bacterial richness and diversity in rectal cancer, along with several differences in microbial community composition. Our work is the first to present evidence for a possible role of bacteria such as B. fragilis and the phylum Parcubacteria in rectal cancer, emphasizing the need to study tissue-associated bacteria and specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract in order to better understand the possible links between the microbiota and rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thomas
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane C Jesus
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ademar Lopes
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria D Begnami
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Medicine College, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christian Hoffmann
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Food Research Center (FoRC), Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helano C Freitas
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Israel T Silva
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana N Nunes
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João C Setubal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27) Alzira Denise Hertzog Silva, Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Bennett TD, Dean JM, Keenan HT, McGlincy MH, Thomas AM, Cook LJ. Linked Records of Children with Traumatic Brain Injury. Probabilistic Linkage without Use of Protected Health Information. Methods Inf Med 2015; 54:328-37. [PMID: 26021580 DOI: 10.3414/me14-01-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Record linkage may create powerful datasets with which investigators can conduct comparative effectiveness studies evaluating the impact of tests or interventions on health. All linkages of health care data files to date have used protected health information (PHI) in their linkage variables. A technique to link datasets without using PHI would be advantageous both to preserve privacy and to increase the number of potential linkages. METHODS We applied probabilistic linkage to records of injured children in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB, N = 156,357) and the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS, N = 104,049) databases from 2007 to 2010. 49 match variables without PHI were used, many of them administrative variables and indicators for procedures recorded as International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes. We validated the accuracy of the linkage using identified data from a single center that submits to both databases. RESULTS We accurately linked the PHIS and NTDB records for 69% of children with any injury, and 88% of those with severe traumatic brain injury eligible for a study of intervention effectiveness (positive predictive value of 98%, specificity of 99.99%). Accurate linkage was associated with longer lengths of stay, more severe injuries, and multiple injuries. CONCLUSION In populations with substantial illness or injury severity, accurate record linkage may be possible in the absence of PHI. This methodology may enable linkages and, in turn, comparative effectiveness studies that would be unlikely or impossible otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Bennett
- Tellen D. Bennett, MD, MS, Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), 13199 E Montview Blvd, Suite 300, Campus Mail F443, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, E-mail:
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Filer A, Antczak P, Parsonage GN, Legault HM, O’Toole M, Pearson MJ, Thomas AM, Scheel-Toellner D, Raza K, Buckley CD, Falciani F. Stromal transcriptional profiles reveal hierarchies of anatomical site, serum response and disease and identify disease specific pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120917. [PMID: 25807374 PMCID: PMC4373951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts in persistent inflammatory arthritis have been suggested to have parallels with cancer growth and wound healing, both of which involve a stereotypical serum response programme. We tested the hypothesis that a serum response programme can be used to classify diseased tissues, and investigated the serum response programme in fibroblasts from multiple anatomical sites and two diseases. To test our hypothesis we utilized a bioinformatics approach to explore a publicly available microarray dataset including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and normal synovial tissue, then extended those findings in a new microarray dataset representing matched synovial, bone marrow and skin fibroblasts cultured from RA and OA patients undergoing arthroplasty. The classical fibroblast serum response programme discretely classified RA, OA and normal synovial tissues. Analysis of low and high serum treated fibroblast microarray data revealed a hierarchy of control, with anatomical site the most powerful classifier followed by response to serum and then disease. In contrast to skin and bone marrow fibroblasts, exposure of synovial fibroblasts to serum led to convergence of RA and OA expression profiles. Pathway analysis revealed three inter-linked gene networks characterising OA synovial fibroblasts: Cell remodelling through insulin-like growth factors, differentiation and angiogenesis through _3 integrin, and regulation of apoptosis through CD44. We have demonstrated that Fibroblast serum response signatures define disease at the tissue level, and that an OA specific, serum dependent repression of genes involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodelling and apoptosis is a critical discriminator between cultured OA and RA synovial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Muscoloskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
- * E-mail: (FF), (AF)
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Centre of Computational Biology and Modelling (CCBM), Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Greg N. Parsonage
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Holly M. Legault
- Biological Technologies, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA
| | - Margot O’Toole
- Biological Technologies, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA
| | - Mark J. Pearson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
| | - Andrew M. Thomas
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dagmar Scheel-Toellner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Muscoloskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Muscoloskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Christopher D. Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Muscoloskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Centre of Computational Biology and Modelling (CCBM), Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
- * E-mail: (FF), (AF)
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Smith NA, Bukowski R, Thomas AM, Cantonwine D, Zera C, Robinson JN. Identification of pathologically small fetuses using customized, ultrasound and population-based growth norms. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:595-599. [PMID: 24532059 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for stillbirth. We compared the performance of three fetal growth curves - customized, ultrasound (Hadlock) and population - in identifying abnormally grown fetuses at risk of stillbirth. METHODS We performed a case-control study of singleton stillbirths (delivered between 2000 and 2010) at one center. Four liveborn controls were randomly identified for each stillbirth. Ultrasound-estimated fetal weight within 1 month prior to delivery was used to calculate growth percentiles for each fetus using three fetal growth norms. Sensitivities and odds ratios for stillbirth, as well as odds of abnormal growth according to formula, were calculated. RESULTS There were 49 stillbirths and 197 live births. Using the customized norms, growth of the fetuses destined to be stillborn was bimodal, with both more small-for-gestational-age (SGA; < 10(th) percentile) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA; ≥ 90(th) percentile) fetuses. Odds of being abnormally grown were significantly higher using ultrasound compared with population norms (P = 0.02) but were not statistically different using ultrasound and customized norms (P = 0.21). Sensitivity for identification of SGA on ultrasound as a predictor of stillbirth was higher using customized (39%; 95% CI, 24-54%) or ultrasound (33%; 95% CI, 19-47%), rather than population (14%; 95% CI, 4-25%), norms. CONCLUSIONS Among fetuses destined to be stillborn, customized and ultrasound norms identified a greater proportion of both SGA and LGA estimated fetal weights. The customized norms performed best in identifying death among SGA fetuses. These results should be interpreted within the limitations of the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Smith
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Franklin S, Masih S, Thomas AM. An in-vitro assessment of erosive potential of a calcium-fortified fruit juice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014; 15:407-11. [PMID: 24986231 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-014-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the in vitro pH, buffer capacity and calcium loss from tooth enamel before and after calcium fortification of a packaged fruit juice. METHODS An approved brand of packaged mixed fruit juice was selected as a test drink on the basis of a pilot questionnaire. The test drink was fortified with 1,000 mg/l (0.1% w/v) of calcium citrate malate to obtain two test groups: Group 1: original beverage (serving as control) and Group 2: calcium-fortified drink. The pH and buffering capacity for the test drinks were measured before and after calcium fortification; 90 prepared enamel samples were divided and immersed into three test subgroups: (1) buffer solution pH 7 (positive control), (2) original fruit juice (negative control) and (3) calcium-fortified fruit juice for 3 min. Calcium loss from the enamel of immersed teeth was measured as a quantitative estimate of tooth mineral loss. RESULTS After calcium fortification of the fruit juice the mean pH raised from 3.4 to 4.0 (p = 0.029), the mean buffer capacity decreased from 9.73 to 9.16 (p < 0.001) and the mean calcium loss from enamel specimens decreased from 3.5 to 0.26 mg/dl (p < 0.001). STATISTICS To compare the change in mean pH and buffering capacity between the subject groups, t test was used, and to compare the calcium loss from enamel specimens, among the three subgroups, ANOVA was used. CONCLUSION Calcium fortification of packaged fruit juice in vitro, improves its pH and buffering capacity. Consequently, the fortified juice causes significantly less mineral loss from human enamel. Fortifying juice with calcium may exert a significant protective potential against dental erosion particularly due to frequent exposure of acidic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franklin
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, 141008, Punjab, India,
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Kandur WV, Richert KJ, Rieder CJ, Thomas AM, Hu C, Ziller JW, Woerpel KA. Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2-Dioxolanes from β,γ-Epoxy Ketones. Org Lett 2014; 16:2650-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500835f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wynne V. Kandur
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Richert
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Curtis J. Rieder
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Andrew M. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Thomas AM, Cook LJ, Dean JM, Olson LM. The utility of imputed matched sets. Analyzing probabilistically linked databases in a low information setting. Methods Inf Med 2014; 53:186-94. [PMID: 24728023 DOI: 10.3414/me13-01-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare results from high probability matched sets versus imputed matched sets across differing levels of linkage information. METHODS A series of linkages with varying amounts of available information were performed on two simulated datasets derived from multiyear motor vehicle crash (MVC) and hospital databases, where true matches were known. Distributions of high probability and imputed matched sets were compared against the true match population for occupant age, MVC county, and MVC hour. Regression models were fit to simulated log hospital charges and hospitalization status. RESULTS High probability and imputed matched sets were not significantly different from occupant age, MVC county, and MVC hour in high information settings (p > 0.999). In low information settings, high probability matched sets were significantly different from occupant age and MVC county (p < 0.002), but imputed matched sets were not (p > 0.493). High information settings saw no significant differences in inference of simulated log hospital charges and hospitalization status between the two methods. High probability and imputed matched sets were significantly different from the outcomes in low information settings; however, imputed matched sets were more robust. CONCLUSIONS The level of information available to a linkage is an important consideration. High probability matched sets are suitable for high to moderate information settings and for situations involving case-specific analysis. Conversely, imputed matched sets are preferable for low information settings when conducting population-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L J Cook
- Lawrence J. Cook, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 581289, Salt Lake City, Utah 84158-1289, USA, E-mail:
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Thomas AM, Lin BL, Wasinger EC, Stack TDP. Ligand noninnocence of thiolate/disulfide in dinuclear copper complexes: solvent-dependent redox isomerization and proton-coupled electron transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18912-9. [PMID: 24279864 DOI: 10.1021/ja409603m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper thiolate/disulfide interconversions are related to the functions of several important proteins such as human Sco1, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and mammalian zinc-bonded metallothionein. The synthesis and characterization of well-defined synthetic analogues for such interconversions are challenging yet provide important insights into the mechanisms of such redox processes. Solvent-dependent redox isomerization and proton-coupled electron transfer mimicking these interconversions are observed in two structurally related dimeric μ,η(2):η(2)-thiolato Cu(II)Cu(II) complexes by various methods, including X-ray diffraction, XAS, NMR, and UV-vis. Spectroscopic evidence shows that a solvent-dependent equilibrium exists between the dimeric μ-thiolato Cu(II)Cu(II) state and its redox isomeric μ-disulfido Cu(I)Cu(I) form. Complete formation of μ-disulfido Cu(I)Cu(I) complexes, however, only occurs after the addition of 2 equiv of protons, which promote electron transfer from thiolate to Cu(II) and formation of disulfide and Cu(I) via protonation of the coordinating ligand. Proton removal reverses this reaction. The reported unusual reductive protonation/oxidative deprotonation of the metal centers may serve as a new chemical precedent for how related proteins manage Cu ions in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Robb CA, McBryde CW, Caddy SJ, Thomas AM, Pynsent PB. Oxford Scores as a Triage Tool for Lower Limb Arthroplasty Lead to Discrimination and Health Inequalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1308/bull.2013.95.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The NHS Outcomes Framework 2011/12 from the Department of Health states that reducing health inequalities and promoting equality is central if the NHS is to deliver health outcomes that are among the best in the world. Assessment of patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) was introduced across the NHS in April 2009 both for hip and knee replacement surgery. PROMs are applied before and after certain elective health interventions funded by the NHS. In addition to the established use in assessment of outcomes, it has been suggested that preoperative instruments might be used to assess whether referrals for elective procedures are appropriate and also to identify inequalities in heathcare. For hip and knee replacement surgery, Oxford hip and knee scores are used as the measure of pain and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Robb
- Orthopaedic Fellow, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - CW McBryde
- Orthopaedic Fellow, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - SJ Caddy
- General Practitioner, Limes Medical Centre, Walsall
| | - AM Thomas
- Medical Director, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - PB Pynsent
- Academic Director, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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Thomas AM, Moore P, Shah H, Evans C, Sharma M, Xhafa F, Mount S, Pham HV, Wilcox AJ, Patel A, Chapman C, Chima P. Smart care spaces: needs for intelligent at-home care. IJSSC 2013. [DOI: 10.1504/ijssc.2013.051988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chalakkal P, Thomas AM, Akkara F, Pavaskar R, Pavaskar R. New design space regainers: 'lingual arch crossbow' and 'double banded space regainer'. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012; 30:161-5. [PMID: 22918103 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This article highlights the use of two new design space regainers--the "lingual arch crossbow" and the "double-banded space regainer." The former may be used for distalizing a mesially migrated mandibular first premolar, if it erupts prior to the canine. The latter may be used in conventional cases of interdental space loss. They both contain assemblies that function through the action of NiTi open coil springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chalakkal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ahluwalia P, Chopra S, Thomas AM. Strength characteristics and marginal sealing ability of chlorhexidine-modified glass ionomer cement: an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012; 30:41-6. [PMID: 22565516 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.95580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was done to compare and evaluate the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and microleakage of glass ionomer cement and chlorhexidine-modified glass ionomer cement. The glass ionomer cements used in the study were Fuji IX for group I and chlorhexidine-modified glass ionomer cement for group II. MATERIALS AND METHODS The strength characteristics (compressive and diametral tensile strengths) and microleakage of both the groups were evaluated after 24 h. Student's "t" test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis of the difference in strength characteristics and microleakage. RESULTS There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in the strength characteristics and microleakage of glass ionomer cement and chlorhexidine-modified glass ionomer cement. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that strength characteristics and marginal sealing capability of chlorhexidine-modified glass ionomer cement were similar to those of glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX). So, chlorhexidine-modified glass ionomer can be considered as a substitute for glass ionomer cements, especially in pediatric dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahluwalia
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Ram Nagar, Banur, Patiala, India
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Hidalgo E, Essex SJ, Yeo L, Curnow SJ, Filer A, Cooper MS, Thomas AM, McGettrick HM, Salmon M, Buckley CD, Raza K, Scheel-Toellner D. The response of T cells to interleukin-6 is differentially regulated by the microenvironment of the rheumatoid synovial fluid and tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:3284-93. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
This article presents a case of bilateral unerupted supernumerary teeth in the mandibular premolar region. Surgical removal of the right-sided supernumerary tooth had to be carried out as it was impeding the eruption of the mandibular first premolar. However, its supernumerary antimere, lay dormant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masih
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, CMC, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Chalakkal P, Thomas AM, Akkara F, Ataide IDND. Vertex occlusal radiography in localizing unerupted mesiodentes. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2011; 29:260-3. [PMID: 21985886 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.85838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to compare the vertex occlusal projection with the anterior maxillary occlusal projection in localizing the position of mesiodentes. Mesiodentes were observed in an 8-year-old boy with an anterior maxillary occlusal radiograph. A vertex occlusal radiograph was taken to compare it with the former in terms of mesiodentes localization with respect to the maxillary central incisors. The vertex occlusal radiograph provided greater details of the position and proximity of mesiodentes with respect to the long axis of maxillary central incisors in comparison to the anterior maxillary occlusal radiograph. Vertex occlusal radiography is an important diagnostic tool in diagnosing the presence, position, and proximity of mesiodentes with respect to the long axis of normally aligned maxillary central incisors. However, it is not recommended for routine use in a patient as its radiation dose is higher than conventional intraoral radiographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chalakkal
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital photographs play a substantial role in the presentation and validation of clinical cases for documentation and research purposes in esthetically oriented professions such as dentistry. The introduction of sophisticated cameras and "easy to use" computer software readily available on today's market has enabled digital fraud to emerge as a common and widely used practice. Hence, it is essential that both dentists and editorial circles are aware and cautious with regard to the possibility of digital fraud. MATERIALS AND METHODS A set of 10 routine "pre-" and "post" treatment dental procedure photographs were taken and randomly manipulated using standard desktop software. A team of 10 dental professionals were selected and each one of them was individually requested to review and evaluate the authenticity of the photographs. RESULTS An assessment of expert opinion revealed an overall sensitivity of 60% and a sensitivity of 15% in correctly identifying a manipulated photograph, which is considered low. Furthermore, there was poor interobserver agreement. CONCLUSION Advanced technology that is easily available has resulted in adept digital fraud that is difficult to detect. There is a need for awareness among both dental practitioners and the editorial circle regarding misrepresentation due to image manipulation. It is therefore necessary to follow a skeptical approach in the assessment of digitalized photos used in research and as a part of clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Brown Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Harris JR, Haynes MT, Thomas AM, Woerpel KA. Phosphine-Catalyzed Reductions of Alkyl Silyl Peroxides by Titanium Hydride Reducing Agents: Development of the Method and Mechanistic Investigations. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5083-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1008367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - M. Taylor Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Andrew M. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Rao SA, Thomas AM, Chopra S. Use of a modified anterior inclined plane in the treatment on the dentoskeletal Class II division 2 patient. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2010; 28:237-40. [PMID: 21157062 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.73782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Class II malocclusions are seen due to the underdevelopment of the mandible in most of the cases. To compensate for the mandible retrusive position, there is flaring of the lower anterior teeth or retroclination of the central incisors as a compensatory mechanism seen in Class II division 2 type of malocclusion. This case report evaluates the skeletal and dental changes when a 12-year-old female patient with Class II div 2 malocclusion was treated with a modified anterior inclined plane. The postreatment data suggested that there were no significant changes in the vertical skeletal parameters. The upper central incisors were significantly realigned by proclination along with retroclination of the lateral incisors. There was significant increase in the mandibular length. The results revealed that the modified anterior inclined plane showed good results in the treatment of a case of Class II div 2 malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Banz K, Thomas AM, Olivieri D. Economic evaluation of ribosomal immunotherapy in patients with chronic ear, nose and throat and respiratory tract infections: results for Italy. BioDrugs 2010; 10:385-96. [PMID: 18020610 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-199810050-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyses the economic value of ribosomal immunotherapy in patients with chronic ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections and respiratory tract infections (RTI) as compared with patients not receiving prophylaxis. Specifically, the objective was to determine whether the incremental costs of ribosomal immunotherapy could be offset by healthcare savings through a reduction in recurrent episodes of acute infection. DESIGN AND SETTING The study was conducted from the payer perspective in the Italian healthcare setting. A 6-month time-frame was used in the decision analysis model, and costs reflect 1995 values. The model incorporated international clinical trial data and Italian resource use data for adult patients with chronic sinusitis and bronchitis and children with recurrent ENT infections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS The findings indicate that ribosomal immunotherapy is capable of generating net direct cost savings over 6 months ranging between 280 000 and 1 100 000 Italian lire (L) per patient (L1700 approximately $US1) depending on the type of chronic disease studied (otitis media or rhinopharyngitis in children, sinusitis or bronchitis in adults). Threshold incremental efficacy of immunoprophylaxis required to achieve cost equivalence compared with no prophylaxis ranged between 2 and 20%, depending on the indication and the magnitude of treatment cost associated with an acute infectious episode (low/best/high estimate) considered. In view of the incremental efficacy rates observed in clinical trials ranging between 40 and 65% for patients with ribosomal immunoprophylaxis, prevention of recurrent ENT infections and RTI appears to be an economically meaningful therapeutic strategy, even when assuming that efficacy rates achievable in real clinical practice may be lower than those reported in clinical trials. CONCLUSION On the basis of these findings for Italy, physicians should give increased attention to ribosomal immunoprophylaxis of chronic respiratory diseases in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Banz
- HealthEcon, Healthcare Consultants, Basle, Switzerland
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Williams TE, Sun B, Ross P, Thomas AM. A formidable task: Population analysis predicts a deficit of 2000 cardiothoracic surgeons by 2030. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:835-40; discussion 840-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moghe GA, Kaur MS, Thomas AM, Raseswari T, Swapna M, Rao L. The role of 9qh+ in phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in a Van der Woude syndrome pedigree. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2010; 28:104-9. [PMID: 20660977 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.66749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) (OMIM 119300) is a dominantly inherited developmental disorder that is characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) have been recently identified in patients with VWS, with more than 60 mutations reported. We report the phenotypic variants of the syndrome in a family and present the application of the multicolor chromosome banding (mBAND) analysis in the identification of complex intrachromosome rearrangements of chromosome 9 in a child with VWS. The authors conclude that increased heterochromatin on chromosome 9 did not have any effect on the phenotypic expression of the syndrome in the family that was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Moghe
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Simratvir M, Moghe GA, Thomas AM, Singh N, Chopra S. Evaluation of caries experience in 3-6-year-old children, and dental attitudes amongst the caregivers in the Ludhiana city. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2009; 27:164-9. [PMID: 19841548 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.57097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a lifestyle disease that begins when the child's teeth erupt in the oral cavity. The distinctive pattern of decay rapidly spreads from one tooth to another and involves the surfaces of teeth that are usually not at risk. Detection of disease is crucial to control the oral condition using preventive and therapeutic regimes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of caries in children of age 3-6 years in Ludhiana and to examine the relationship between age and caries experience. A total of 609 children in the age group of 3-6 years were examined using def index. To determine dental care seeking attitude, 105 caregivers were interviewed. Results revealed that 52.87% of children in the age group of 3-3.11 years, 45.1% of children in the age group of 4-4.11 years and 58.55% of children in 5-5.11 age groups suffered from caries. The mean def index was 1.82, 1.57 and 2.21, respectively. Interview of caregivers of children revealed that out of 105 only 12 (11.4%) children had previously been to a general dentist. None of them knew about Pedodontics as a specialty. The results of the present study can be used mainly for screening child populations in need of treatment, helping public workers and planners to develop dental health programs to aid early intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simratvir
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, India.
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Kaur K, Hardy R, Ahasan MM, Eijken M, van Leeuwen JP, Filer A, Thomas AM, Raza K, Buckley CD, Stewart PM, Rabbitt EH, Hewison M, Cooper MS. Synergistic induction of local glucocorticoid generation by inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids: implications for inflammation associated bone loss. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 69:1185-90. [PMID: 19549618 PMCID: PMC2927616 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts generate active glucocorticoids by means of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme. This activity increases in response to proinflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoids. During inflammatory arthritis synovium and bone are exposed to both these factors. This study hypothesised that glucocorticoids magnify the effects of inflammatory cytokines on local glucocorticoid production in both synovium and bone. Methods The effects of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) and glucocorticoids, alone or combined, were assessed on the expression and activity of 11β-HSD1 in primary synovial fibroblasts, primary human osteoblasts and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. A range of other target genes and cell types were used to examine the specificity of effects. Functional consequences were assessed using IL-6 ELISA. Results In synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts, treatment with cytokines or glucocorticoids in isolation induced 11β-HSD1 expression and activity. However, in combination, 11β-HSD1 expression, activity and functional consequences were induced synergistically to a level not seen with isolated treatments. This effect was seen in normal skin fibroblasts but not foreskin fibroblasts or adipocytes and was only seen for the 11β-HSD1 gene. Synergistic induction had functional consequences on IL-6 production. Conclusions Combined treatment with inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids synergistically induces 11β-HSD1 expression and activity in synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts, providing a mechanism by which synovium and bone can interact to enhance anti-inflammatory responses by increasing localised glucocorticoid levels. However, the synergistic induction of 11β-HSD1 might also cause detrimental glucocorticoid accumulation in bone or surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaur
- Endocrinology, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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Orie NN, Thomas AM, Perrino BA, Tinker A, Clapp LH. Ca2+/calcineurin regulation of cloned vascular K ATP channels: crosstalk with the protein kinase A pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:554-64. [PMID: 19422382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are activated by cyclic AMP elevating vasodilators through protein kinase A (PKA). Direct channel phosphorylation is a critical mechanism, though the phosphatase opposing these effects is unknown. Previously, we reported that calcineurin, a Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase, inhibits K(ATP) channels, though neither the site nor the calcineurin isoform involved is established. Given that the type-2 regulatory (RII) subunit of PKA is a substrate for calcineurin we considered whether calcineurin regulates channel activity through interacting with PKA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Whole-cell recordings were made in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the vascular K(ATP) channel (K(IR)6.1/SUR2B). The effect of intracellular Ca(2+) and modulators of the calcineurin and PKA pathway on glibenclamide-sensitive currents were examined. KEY RESULTS Constitutively active calcineurin A alpha but not A beta significantly attenuated K(ATP) currents activated by low intracellular Ca(2+), whereas calcineurin inhibitors had the opposite effect. PKA inhibitors reduced basal K(ATP) currents and responses to calcineurin inhibitors, consistent with the notion that some calcineurin action involves inhibition of PKA. However, raising intracellular Ca(2+) (equivalent to increasing calcineurin activity), almost completely inhibited K(ATP) channel activation induced by the catalytic subunit of PKA, whose enzymatic activity is independent of the RII subunit. In vitro phosphorylation experiments showed calcineurin could directly dephosphorylate a site in Kir6.1 that was previously phosphorylated by PKA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Calcineurin A alpha regulates K(IR)6.1/SUR2B by inhibiting PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the channel as well as PKA itself. Such a mechanism is likely to directly oppose the action of vasodilators on the K(ATP) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Orie
- BHF Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College, London, UK
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