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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu Z. Role of autophagy in lung diseases and ageing. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/166/220134. [PMID: 36543345 PMCID: PMC9879344 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0134-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs face ongoing chemical, mechanical, biological, immunological and xenobiotic stresses over a lifetime. Advancing age progressively impairs lung function. Autophagy is a "housekeeping" survival strategy involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagic activity decreases with age in several species, whereas its basic activity extends throughout the lifespan of most animals. Dysregulation of autophagy has been proven to be closely related to the pathogenesis of several ageing-related pulmonary diseases. This review summarises the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases associated with or occurring in the context of ageing, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis, and describes its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Corresponding author: Zhiling Fu ()
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de Oliveira Zanuso B, de Oliveira Dos Santos AR, Miola VFB, Gissoni Campos LM, Spilla CSG, Barbalho SM. Panax ginseng and aging related disorders: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111731. [PMID: 35143871 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aging process predisposes numerous homeostatic disorders, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Changes in diet and lifestyle and therapeutic adjuvants are essential to minimize the effects of comorbidities associated with aging. Natural products such as Panax ginseng have been used to treat and prevent diseases related to aging. This review aims to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng in various conditions associated with aging, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The ginsenosides, chemical constituents found in Panax ginseng, can inhibit the effects of inflammatory cytokines, inhibit signaling pathways that induce inflammation, and inhibit cells that participate in inflammatory processes. Besides, ginsenosides are involved in neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system due to anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The use of ginseng extract showed actions on lipid homeostasis, positively regulating high-density lipoprotein, down-regulating low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, and producing beneficial effects on vascular endothelial function. The use of this plant in cancer resulted in improved quality of life and mood. It decreased symptoms of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and dyspnea, reducing anxiety. Panax ginseng has been shown to exert potent therapeutic benefits that can act as a complementary treatment in managing patients with chronic diseases related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita de Oliveira Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila M Gissoni Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sergio Galina Spilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bojkova D, Costa R, Reus P, Bechtel M, Jaboreck MC, Olmer R, Martin U, Ciesek S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J. Targeting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway for SARS-CoV-2 Therapy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100699. [PMID: 34677415 PMCID: PMC8540749 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, for which effective pharmacological therapies are needed. SARS-CoV-2 induces a shift of the host cell metabolism towards glycolysis, and the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), which interferes with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under development for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The glycolytic pathway generates intermediates that supply the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this study, the analysis of proteomics data indicated increased transketolase (TKT) levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, suggesting that a role is played by the non-oxidative PPP. In agreement, the TKT inhibitor benfooxythiamine (BOT) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication and increased the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of 2DG. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with changes in the regulation of the PPP. The TKT inhibitor BOT inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication and increased the activity of the glycolysis inhibitor 2DG. Notably, metabolic drugs like BOT and 2DG may also interfere with COVID-19-associated immunopathology by modifying the metabolism of immune cells in addition to inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication. Hence, they may improve COVID-19 therapy outcomes by exerting antiviral and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Bojkova
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rui Costa
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Philipp Reus
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Bechtel
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Mark-Christian Jaboreck
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.-C.J.); (R.O.); (U.M.)
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.-C.J.); (R.O.); (U.M.)
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.-C.J.); (R.O.); (U.M.)
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, External Partner Site, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.C.J.)
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