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Alves RM, de Abreu VAC, Oliveira RP, Almeida JVDA, de Oliveira MDM, Silva SR, Paschoal AR, de Almeida SS, de Souza PAF, Ferro JA, Miranda VFO, Figueira A, Domingues DS, Varani AM. Genomic decoding of Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu) at chromosomal scale: evolutionary insights for horticultural innovation. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae027. [PMID: 38837946 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theobroma grandiflorum (Malvaceae), known as cupuassu, is a tree indigenous to the Amazon basin, valued for its large fruits and seed pulp, contributing notably to the Amazonian bioeconomy. The seed pulp is utilized in desserts and beverages, and its seed butter is used in cosmetics. Here, we present the sequenced telomere-to-telomere genome of cupuassu, disclosing its genomic structure, evolutionary features, and phylogenetic relationships within the Malvaceae family. FINDINGS The cupuassu genome spans 423 Mb, encodes 31,381 genes distributed in 10 chromosomes, and exhibits approximately 65% gene synteny with the Theobroma cacao genome, reflecting a conserved evolutionary history, albeit punctuated with unique genomic variations. The main changes are pronounced by bursts of long-terminal repeat retrotransposons at postspecies divergence, retrocopied and singleton genes, and gene families displaying distinctive patterns of expansion and contraction. Furthermore, positively selected genes are evident, particularly among retained and dispersed tandem and proximal duplicated genes associated with general fruit and seed traits and defense mechanisms, supporting the hypothesis of potential episodes of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization following duplication, as well as impact from distinct domestication process. These genomic variations may underpin the differences observed in fruit and seed morphology, ripening, and disease resistance between cupuassu and the other Malvaceae species. CONCLUSIONS The cupuassu genome offers a foundational resource for both breeding improvement and conservation biology, yielding insights into the evolution and diversity within the genus Theobroma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius A C de Abreu
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Computação de Alto Desempenho (LaBioCad), Faculdade de Computação (FACOMP), Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafaely Pantoja Oliveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor Dos Anjos Almeida
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Medeiros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Saura R Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Paschoal
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação (DACOM), Grupo de e Bioinformática e Reconhecimento de Padrões (bioinfo-cp), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 80230-901 Cornélio Procópio, PR, Brazil
- Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, OX110QX Didcot, UK
| | - Sintia S de Almeida
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Computação de Alto Desempenho (LaBioCad), Faculdade de Computação (FACOMP), Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro A F de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Computação de Alto Desempenho (LaBioCad), Faculdade de Computação (FACOMP), Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jesus A Ferro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor F O Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, 13416-000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas S Domingues
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M Varani
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Morales-Quintana L, Méndez-Yáñez A. α-Mannosidase and β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase outside the wall: partner exoglycosidases involved in fruit ripening process. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01356-2. [PMID: 37178231 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall is a strong and complex net whose function is to provide turgor, pathogens attack protection and to give structural support to the cell. In growing and expanding cells, the cell wall of fruits is changing in space and time, because they are changing according to stage of ripening. Understand which mechanisms to produce significant could help to develop tools to prolong the fruit shelf life. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) with enzymatic activity on cell wall polysaccharides, have been studied widely. Another investigations take place in the study of N-glycosylations of CWPs and enzymes with activity on glycosidic linkages. α-mannosidase (α-Man; EC 3.2.1.24) and β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex; EC 3.2.1.52), are enzymes with activity on mannose and N-acetylglucosamine sugar presents in proteins as part of N-glycosylations. Experimental evidence indicate that both are closely related to loss of fruit firmness, but in the literature, there is still no review of both enzymes involved fruit ripening. This review provides a complete state-of-the-art of α-Man and β-Hex enzymes related in fruit ripening. Also, we propose a vesicular α-Man (EC 3.2.1.24) name to α-Man involved in N-deglycosylations of CWPs of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
| | - Angela Méndez-Yáñez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
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Zhao X, Zeng L, Wang J, Shi Y, Zhang B, Liu Y, Pan Y, Li X. Quantitative N-Glycomic and N-Glycoproteomic Profiling of Peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during Fruit Ripening. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:885-895. [PMID: 36725203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Being part of the human diet, peach is an important fruit consumed worldwide. In the present study, a systematic first insight into the N-glycosylation of peach fruit during ripening was provided. First, N-glycome by reactive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated that 6 of 24 N-glycans of peach were differentially expressed. Second, a comparative N-glycoproteome was characterized via 18O-tagged N-glycosylation site labeling followed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Totally 1464 N-glycosites on 881 N-glycoproteins were identified, among which 291 N-glycosites on 237 N-glycoproteins were expressed differentially with a fold change value of 1.5 or 0.67. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that four pathways including other glycan degradation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were mainly enriched, in which several important N-glycoproteins with dynamic change during fruit ripening were further screened out. Our findings on a large scale for N-glycosylation analysis of peach fruit during ripening may provide new molecular insights for comprehending N-glycoprotein functions, which should be of great interest to both glycobiologists and analytical chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanna Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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(De)Activation (Ir)Reversibly or Degradation: Dynamics of Post-Translational Protein Modifications in Plants. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020324. [PMID: 35207610 PMCID: PMC8874572 DOI: 10.3390/life12020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing dynamic functions of post-translational modifications (PTMs) within protein molecules present outstanding challenges for plant biology even at this present day. Protein PTMs are among the first and fastest plant responses to changes in the environment, indicating that the mechanisms and dynamics of PTMs are an essential area of plant biology. Besides being key players in signaling, PTMs play vital roles in gene expression, gene, and protein localization, protein stability and interactions, as well as enzyme kinetics. In this review, we take a broader but concise approach to capture the current state of events in the field of plant PTMs. We discuss protein modifications including citrullination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, oxidation and disulfide bridges, N-terminal, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination. Further, we outline the complexity of studying PTMs in relation to compartmentalization and function. We conclude by challenging the proteomics community to engage in holistic approaches towards identification and characterizing multiple PTMs on the same protein, their interaction, and mechanism of regulation to bring a deeper understanding of protein function and regulation in plants.
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